Lekin...

{{short description|1991 film directed by Gulzar}}

{{redirect|Lekin|the village in Azerbaijan|Ləkin}}

{{good article}}

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox film

| name = Lekin...

| image = Lekin... (movie poster).jpg

| caption = Film poster

| director = Gulzar

| producer = Lata Mangeshkar
Hridaynath Mangeshkar
Bal Phule

| writer = Gulzar

| based_on = {{Based on|Kshudhit Pashaan|Rabindranath Tagore}}

| story =

| starring = Vinod Khanna
Dimple Kapadia

| music = Hridaynath Mangeshkar (music)
Gulzar (lyrics)

| cinematography = Manmohan Singh

| editing = Subhash Sehgal

| distributor =

| released = {{Film date|1991|10|11|df=y}}

| runtime = 171 minutes{{Cite web|date=1991-10-10|title=Lekin |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/lekin-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnjy5nju2 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210102216/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/lekin-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnjy5nju2 |archive-date=2022-02-10|access-date=2022-02-10|website= British Board of Film Classification }}

| country = India

| language = Hindi

}}

Lekin... ({{Translation|But...}}) is a 1991 Hindi drama mystery film, loosely based on the 1895 short story Kshudhit Pashaan (Hungry Stones) by Rabindranath Tagore and directed by Gulzar. It stars Vinod Khanna, Dimple Kapadia, Amjad Khan, Alok Nath, and Beena Banerjee, and features a special appearance by Hema Malini. The film tells the story of Reva, a restless ghost who seeks liberation and haunts the ancient palace of Raja Param Singh in Rajasthan when she is discovered by Sameer, a museum curator sent by the government to salvage valuables in the region. As she recreates a visual representation of the history of the palace which reveals her tragic story, Sameer becomes determined to help set her free.{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|page=498}}

Produced by Indian singer Lata Mangeshkar (and co-produced by Hridaynath Mangeshkar and Bal Phule), the film took four years to release in theaters. It opened to positive reviews, with particular praise directed at Dimple Kapadia's performance. The soundtrack, composed by Hridaynath, was well-received, with Lata's rendition of "Yaara Seeli Seeli" becoming particularly popular. At the 38th National Film Awards, the film won five awards, a record for that year, including Best Music Direction for Hridaynath, Best Female Playback Singer for Lata, and Best Lyricist for Gulzar. At the 37th Filmfare Awards, the film won the Best Lyricist award, and Kapadia was nominated for Best Actress for her performance.

Plot

Government officer Sameer Niyogi is sent to Rajasthan to take inventory of items in the abandoned haveli (mansion) of the long-deceased Maharaja Param Singh. When he arrives in Rajasthan, he meets his old friend Shafi who is a tax collector in the area and lives with his wife Sharda.

En-route his journey to Jasor, Sameer begins seeing what he thinks could very well be visions of another time and place, visions that he is shown by a beautiful woman he encounters by the name of Reva. She keeps appearing and disappearing during his stay in Jasor. The mysterious appearance and disappearance initially shakes Sameer but reassurance that spirits exist from an expert on the field gives him an unknown inner motivation to find out the truth behind Reva and his own self, as well as find out the reason he is connected with this story.

The next time Sameer meets Reva, she trasports him into her past by presenting to him an apparitional display from ancient days in the palace. According to the story revealed through her recreation, Reva is a spirit stranded in a period of time, attempting to cross the desert to meet her long-lost sister Tara. The older sister, Tara, comes to Maharaja Param Veer's palace for a singing and dancing performance one night. The Maharaja eyes her malevolently and orders his men to not let her go out of the palace that night so he can rape her. Ustad Miraj Ali, the musical maestro in the king's court, who also happens to be Tara and Reva's music teacher, learns of the king's plan. He warns the father of Tara and Reva and advises them to run away from the town by crossing the desert. The King learns of this and imprisons Miraj Ali and Reva in the castle dungeons while Tara's camel runs ahead in the desert but is never heard of. The cruel Maharaja also orders Tara and Reva's father to be lashed till he bleeds to a near-death condition and then orders his men to put him on a camel's back and send him into the desert.

The lecherous King then turns his attention to Reva. He would wait until she would grow into a young woman. Reva spends 8 years in captivity and one day the King wishes to sexually gratify himself with her. Ustad Miraj Ali along with the help of one of the king's servants hatch a plan to help Reva run away from prison to save herself from the King. We learn that Reva narrowly escaped the clutches of indulgent King Param Singh. Her mentor Ustad Miraj Ali gives an oath of the Quran to one of his acquaintances, Mehru, who is supposed to help Reva cross the desert. But in the attempt to cross the desert, Mehru is caught by the King's men and punished by lashes and dropped to his village in a near-dead condition. Reva is killed in a severe desert sandstorm. She gets frozen in a moment of time. As events unfold towards the end, we come to know that Sameer is the rebirth of Mehru and that Reva's elder sister, Tara successfully managed to cross the desert when her camel ran ahead. Tara is now older and has a daughter named after her dead, lost sister, Reva. Ustad Miraj Ali also is alive and at Tara's house although he is very old. As soon as Sameer reaches Tara's house with the news about Reva, Ustad Miraj Ali recognises him as Mehru and dies in his arms. Sameer also discovers a skeleton of Raja Param Singh in the castle dungeons. The 2 gold teeth in the skull help establish the identity of that skeleton as belonging to King Param Singh. It remains a mystery how King Param Singh died in the castle dungeon and how Ustad Miraj Ali managed to escape.

Sameer eventually ends up fulfilling his commitment to help Reva's spirit not only cross the desert but also liberate her from the period of time in which she was stranded.

Cast

The film's cast is as follows:{{cite news |title=Lekin |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/lekin/cast/ |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}

Production

Lata Mangeshkar's initiative to produce a film revolved solely around the idea of making a film with good music, as she was devastated by the quality of the songs that prevailed in the film industry and that she had to sing throughout the past decade.{{sfn|Gulzar|2004|p=130|ps=: "When Lata Mangeshkar decided to turn producer, it stemmed purely from the desire to make a film that had good music and good songs. Papi (Gulzar) says she was fed up of singing sub-standard songs. In their conversations, the element of the supernatural and the unexplained would keep coming up. In those days, the new Dalai Lama was also born in Spain, just as the former Dalai Lama had predicted before dying. Several inexplicable cases of supposed reincarnation were being printed in magazines like the Illustrated Weekly, etc. All of this was happening in the twentieth century, and the educated and the intellectuals were accepting it, albeit with some degree of skepticism conversations and statements often ending with 'Lekin..' (But)."}} She approached Gulzar to direct the planned film.{{cite news |last1=Subhash K. |first1=Jha |title=Gulzar shattered by dear friend Vinod Khanna's death |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/gulzar-shattered-dear-friend-vinod-khannas-death/ |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 May 2017 |language=en}} Having accepted her offer, he decided to adapt Rabindranath Tagore's 1895 spiritual short story Kshudhit Pashaan, also known as Hungry Stones. Gulzar later explained his choice of Tagore: "I wanted to capture Tagore’s original voice, the voice that found expression only in Bangla and that was not replicated in the English translations."{{cite news |last1=Narayan |first1=Hari |title=Tagore through Gulzar's eyes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/Tagore-through-Gulzar%E2%80%99s-eyes/article14568338.ece |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=14 August 2016 |language=en-IN}} In their conversations, Lata and Gulzar would often discuss supernatural phenomena. Those were the days when cases of supposed reincarnation were being reported on in the press. Educated intellectuals would often accept them albeit with certain degrees of doubt and skepticism, and their arguments would often end with "Lekin..." (But...), hence the title of the film.{{sfn|Gulzar|2004|p=130|ps=: "When Lata Mangeshkar decided to turn producer, it stemmed purely from the desire to make a film that had good music and good songs. Papi (Gulzar) says she was fed up of singing sub-standard songs. In their conversations, the element of the supernatural and the unexplained would keep coming up. In those days, the new Dalai Lama was also born in Spain, just as the former Dalai Lama had predicted before dying. Several inexplicable cases of supposed reincarnation were being printed in magazines like the Illustrated Weekly, etc. All of this was happening in the twentieth century, and the educated and the intellectuals were accepting it, albeit with some degree of skepticism conversations and statements often ending with 'Lekin..' (But)."}}

As soon as Kapadia learned about the project, she repeatedly called Gulzar and Mangeshkar insisting to be cast as Reva until she finally got the part.{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Dimple Kapadia's finest 5 performances |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/dimple-kapadias-finest-5-performances |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=National Herald |date=8 June 2021 |language=en}} Vinod Khanna, who had been on a hiatus from acting and planned a comeback, approached Gulzar and asked if there was a role for him. Incidentally, the casting had almost completed by that time except for that of the male lead, and Khanna signed on to play Sameer.{{cite news |last1=Rosario |first1=Kennith |last2=Joshi |first2=Namrata |author2-link=Namrata Joshi |title='Vinod Khanna was a restless sort of a spirit' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vinod-khanna-was-a-restless-sort-of-a-spirit/article18260810.ece |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=28 April 2017 |language=en-IN}} The film took four years to get made and released. The {{wikt-lang|en|mahurat}} clap was given by cricketer Sunil Gavaskar in 1987.{{cite news |title=Lata launches film |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64VlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6 |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |agency=PTI |date=28 September 1987 |language=en}} The film was shot during 1989.{{cite news |last1=Venkatesh |first1=Jyothi |title=How I met Lata Didi for the first time and she shooed me point blank from the sets of her film Lekin: Jyothi Venkatesh |url=https://cineblitz.in/news-gossip/news-exclusive/how-i-met-lata-didi-for-the-first-time-and-she-shooed-me-point-blank-from-the-sets-of-her-film-lekin-jyothi-venkatesh/ |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=CineBlitz |date=7 February 2022}} Gulzar had travelled extensively in Rajasthan (around 5,000 kilometers) looking for shooting locations.{{cite news |last1=Saran |first1=Sathya |title=Echoes of nature |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20120524/283244505017885 |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=The Asian Age |date=24 May 2012}} To make Kapadia's character more truthful to its ghost-like nature, Gulzar forbade Kapadia to blink during filming in order to capture an "endless, fixed gaze" that would give her "a feeling of being surreal".{{sfn|Gulzar|2004|p=131}}

Soundtrack

All the songs from Lekin... were composed by Hridaynath Mangeshkar and the lyrics were written by Gulzar.{{sfn|Arunachalam|2020}}{{sfn|Anantharaman|2008|p=124}} Cine Blitz magazine described the soundtrack as Hridaynath's "most realised work yet" which allows to emerge as "a fully rounded personality".{{cite news |title=Lekin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7E8qAAAAYAAJ |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Cine Blitz |publisher=Blitz Publications |date=1990 |language=en}} Gulzar was noted for his work as a lyricist.{{sfn|Anantharaman|2008|p=124}} "Suniyo Ji Araj Mhario" is based on the composition in Raga Vihanginee by Pt. Mani Prasad.{{cite news |last1=Naik |first1=Rineeta |title=Audio master: Gulzar's 'Lekin' is a mystery in an enigma wrapped in raag Maand |url=https://scroll.in/reel/820775/audio-master-gulzars-lekin-is-a-mystery-in-an-enigma-wrapped-in-raag-maand |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=12 November 2016}} India Today described the soundtrack as "a blend of Hindustani classical and Rajasthani folk" which is "soothing and soulful".{{cite news |title=Latest music releases |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19901231-latest-music-releases-813473-1990-12-31 |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=India Today |date=31 December 1990 |language=en}}

{{track listing

| extra_column = Artist(s)

| title1 = Kesariya Baalma Oji Ke Tumse Laage Nain

| extra1 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length1 = 5:24

| title2 = Kesariya Baalma Mohe Bawari Bole Log

| extra2 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length2 = 6:08

| title3 = Surmai Shaam

| extra3 = Suresh Wadkar

| length3 = 5:50

| title4 = Yaara Seeli Seeli

| extra4 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length4 = 5:05

| title5 = Suniyo Ji Araj

| note5 =

| extra5 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length5 = 5:04

| title6 =Joothe Naina

| extra6 = Asha Bhosle, Satyasheel Deshpande

| length6 = 6:18

| title7 = Main Ek Sadi Se

| note7 =

| extra7 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length7 = 5:32

| title8 = Ja Ja Re

| note8 =

| extra8 = Lata Mangeshkar, Hridaynath Mangeshkar

| length8 = 3:17

| title9 = Dil Mein Lekar Tumhari Yaad Chale

| note9 =

| extra9 = Lata Mangeshkar

| length9 = 4:00

}}

Release, reception and legacy

Prior to its theatrical release a year later, the film was first among the 19 films selected for the Indian panorama section to be screened at the 22nd International Film Festival of India.{{cite news |title='Anjali', 'Sandhya Raagam', selected for Panorama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIBlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7 |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |pages=122–123 |publisher=Express Group |date=2 November 1990 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Lekin |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/Documents/134_IPCatalogue1990.pdf |website=dff.gov.in |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=1990}} Released in cinemas on 11 October 1991, Lekin... was a critical success in contrast to its modest commercial income.{{cite news |title=Year of filmi masterpieces |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021117/spectrum/main3.htm |newspaper=The Sunday Tribune |date=17 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2022 |author=Dhawan, M.L. |archive-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013124825/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021117/spectrum/main3.htm |url-status=live }} The film drew praise from critics for its story, music, costumes, and particularly Kapadia's lead performance as Reva.{{sfn|Jha|Bachchan|2005|p=123}} Writing for The Indian Express, Subhash K. Jha concluded his review of the film at the time of its release saying, "Lekin is a deeply satisfying work of incandescent beauty." He further wrote of the character of Reva and Kapadia's portrayal of the part: "Trapped in the no-man's land is the spiritual named, Reva. Filmed in the golden expanses of the Rajasthani desert and played with intense tragedy by Dimple, the insubstantial character is the essence of evanescence."{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Sands of time |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0n5lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA30 |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Express Group |date=3 November 1991 |language=en}} India Today described it as a watchable film about "the bewitching Dimple who traverses time".{{cite news |title=Lekin, starring Dimple Kapadia, Vinod Khanna |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19911115-lekin-starring-dimple-kapadia-vinod-khanna-815426-1991-11-15 |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=India Today |date=15 November 1991 |language=en}} Indian Cinema, a catalogue by the National Film Development Corporation of India wrote that Lekin is "a superbly well-made film, but then, when it thematically strays into the field of fantasy we are forced to recognise this strand which is promoting 'elite masses'."{{cite book |title=Indian Cinema |date=1991 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHF1AAAAIAAJ |language=en}} The same publication wrote in the same year of Kapadia's performance: "the role requires more than a simplistic understanding of the character and the actress ... approaches it with an instinctive maturity. Dimple Kapadia's eyes speak volumes."{{cite book |title=Cinema in India |date=1991 |publisher=National Film Development Corporation |pages=2–4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_4DAQAAIAAJ |language=en |chapter=The glamour factor}}

Throughout the years, Kapadia has maintained that the part of Reva is her personal favourite, calling it "the most fantastic role" of her career, and wished it had been given more screen time in the film.{{cite news|title=Dimple 'comfortable in sari roles'|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/06/stories/2010050651670100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223024938/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/05/06/stories/2010050651670100.htm|archive-date=23 February 2014|author=S., Priyadershini|date=6 May 2010|url-status=dead|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=1 February 2022 }}{{cite web|author=Din, Suleman|title=I got more than my share in my life|work=Rediff.com|date=25 May 2001|access-date=1 February 2022 |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm|archive-date=10 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210010726/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/25usspec.htm|url-status=live}} Actress Raveena Tandon called the part a dream role rarely found in Hindi films.{{cite news |title=Forward thrust |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19940731-raveena-tandon-manages-to-break-jinx-label-with-mohra-809436-1994-07-31 |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=India Today |date=July 31, 1994 |language=en}} Filmfare's Devesh Sharma listed it as one of Kapadia's best films and described it as "a supernatural love story where the desert of Rajasthan too becomes a character".{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Devesh |title=Filmfare recommends: Best films of Dimple Kapadia |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-best-films-of-dimple-kapadia-41420.html |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=Filmfare |date=8 June 2020 |language=en}} The Times of India hailed her as "exceptional" and further wrote that she "looked real, convincing and incredible - all at the same time, in her very authentic Rajasthani attire".{{cite news |title=Dimple Kapadia: The sensuous star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dimple-kapadia-the-sensuous-star/articleshow/1215746.cms?from=mdr |access-date=6 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=Aug 31, 2005 |language=en}} According to Jha in the book The Essential Guide to Bollywood, "The film is made memorable by Dimple Kapadia's unblinking portrayal of the ghost, rendered immeasurably ethereal by the underrated composer Hridayanath Mangeshkar's haunting melodies sung with ravishing resonance by the composer's sister Lata Mangeshkar."{{sfn|Jha|Bachchan|2005|p=123}} In a 2021 article for the National Herald, Jha included Lekin in the list of Kapadia's best performances. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com wrote, "Dimple achieves a soulful embodiment of Gulzar's enigmatic apparition and melancholy in Lekin."{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |author1-link=Sukanya Verma |title=60th Birthday Special: The Best of Dimple Kapadia |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/60th-birthday-special-the-best-of-dimple-kapadia/20170608.htm |access-date=6 February 2022 |work=Rediff |date=8 June 2017 |language=en}}

In a piece about the film's costume designer Bhanu Athaiya, Lekha J. Tandon of The Indian Express wrote, "Lekin is striking, not just for its haunting story and music, and Dimple Kapadia's performance, but also for its mood and tone. Athaiya can claim credit for this, because her costumes, especially the heroine's, fully capture the mysterious mood and ambiguous tone of the film."{{cite news |last1=Shankar |first1=Lekha J. |title=Costume-made films |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGplAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA25 |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Express Group |date=2 February 1992 |language=en}} In 2000, M.L. Dhawan listed the film as one of the best films of 1991, labelling it a "celluloid classic". Verma of Rediff.com wrote that "Gulzar's exquisite poetry combined with the stark surroundings give a haunting quality to the film."{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Discovering Rajasthan, Bollywood-eshtyle |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/06slide9.htm |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Rediff.com |date=6 February 2007}} Author and journalist Rasheed Kidwai, in his book Neta–Abhineta: Bollywood Star Power in Indian Politics, called the film an "underrated metaphysical melodrama".{{sfn|Kidwai|2018|p=280}} According to Kidwai, the film is known as one of Vinod Khanna's "greatest works".{{sfn|Kidwai|2018|p=280}} In his book Hero, author Ashok Raj praised Khanna for delivering "an impressive performance" in the lead part.{{sfn|Raj|2009|p=85}} Lata Mangeshkar said that she considers Lekin "a very proud achievement" for her.{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Lata Mangeshkar's FAVOURITE Gulzar songs |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/lata-mangeshkars-favourite-gulzar-songs/20210818.htm |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Rediff |date=18 August 2021 |language=en}}

The film's music maintains considerable popularity. Rajiv Vijayakar of The Indian Express lauded the film's soundtrack as Hridaynath Mangeshkar's "career-best Hindi film score" in what he considered a "stupendous album".{{cite news |last1=Vijayakar |first1=Rajiv |title=1991: Of Super-Hits & Stars |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/1991-of-superhits---stars/814111/0 |access-date=2 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Express Group |date=8 July 2011}} Rineeta Naik of Scroll.in praised the "combination of Gulzar’s lyrics and Hridaynath Mangeshkar’s music", which is "adequately ghostly". She elaborated, "The music follows, with Rajasthani folk tunes enhanced and embellished by Gulzar’s poetry and the komalswars (half notes) of Maand, Todi and the rarely performed Vihangini (a form of Raga created by Pt. Mani Prasad), all lending pathos and mystery, the essential elements of the film." "Yaara Seeli Seeli", pictured on Kapadia, became the most popular song of the soundtrack. In 2015, author Ganesh Anantharaman wrote of Gulzar's lyrics, "At a time when film lyrics and music had coarsened to a point of no return, Gulzar retained his integrity as lyricist and wrote "Yaara Seeli Seeli" and other haunting songs for Lekin."{{sfn|Anantharaman|2008|p=124}} A 2015 film directed by Subhash Sehgal was titled Yaara Silly Silly in humorous tribute to the song's lyrics.

Analysis

Gulzar said about the film, "Lekin, for me, is special because of its element of mystery. Usually, when you make a mystery film, you provide a solution at the end. Lekin however doesn't - it just leaves you wondering."{{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Sudarshna |title=An interview with Gulzar, the celebrated film director |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/apr/04gulz.htm |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Rediff |date=4 April 1997}} Subhash K. Jha said Lekin is "a film of hints, allusions and illusions". Writing for Scroll.in, Damini Kulkarni wrote, "Lekin draws a powerful analogy between a ghost frozen in time and a woman repeatedly victimised by men."{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Damini |title=They suffer in life and become powerful after death: meet cinema's female ghosts |url=https://scroll.in/reel/830851/they-suffer-in-life-and-become-powerful-after-death-meet-cinemas-female-ghosts |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=Scroll.in |date=Mar 15, 2017}} Meheli Sen, in her book Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema labelled the film as an "iteration of the Gothic film".{{sfn|Sen|2017|p=179}} According to Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, the film "adds to the horror iconography" through the use of "ruins, dungeons, suggestive music and fluttering pigeons", as well as its portrayal of the tribal Banjaras.{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|page=498}}

Ruth Vanita, author of the book Dancing with the Nation, claims that Lekin is "a good example of the merry mix that is Hindu–Muslim hybridity in Bombay cinema".{{sfn|Vanita|2018|p=179}} She explained that kind Muslims dominate the background of the story, often saving the Hindu characters, and the order is reversed in present times with good Hindus. Discussing the film's themes, Vanita writes that the film's main element are ghosts, which are common in both popular Hinduism and Islam, but believes that "rebirth provides the enclosing framework".{{sfn|Vanita|2018|p=179}} Vanita further notes the fact that unlike previous ghost stories in Hindi films, in this film the ghost is real. In the same book, the author mentions the way the erotic undertone of the story is built, where the male lead is attracted more to the ghost than his wife, with "death and liberation portrayed as almost orgasmic experiences".{{sfn|Vanita|2018|p=82}}

Awards

Lekin... was the major winner at the 38th National Film Awards, winning five awards, the maximum of awards won at that ceremony.{{cite web |title=38th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/79_38thNfacatalogue.pdf |website=dff.nic.in |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=31 January 2022 |date=1991}} Mangeshkar won the Best Female Playback Singer for "singing with outstanding expressions with the rarest and purest of styles"; Nitish Roy won the Best Art Direction for "maintaining the era, etching the characters against the canvas, with perfect colour, design and execution"; Bhanu Athaiya was named Best Costume Designer for her "texture and tone of the costumes, which heighten the visual quality of the film"; Hridaynath Mangeshkar's won the Best Music Direction for "using traditional tunes and instruments creatively, with litting melody and haunting perfection", and Gulzar was awarded the Best Lyrics for "evoking beautiful imagery, created through lyrical poetry". Dimple Kapadia's performance was said to have lost the Best Actress award at the same function by one vote.{{cite news |title=The year that was |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA17 |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=29 December 1991 |language=en}} It was nominated for three Filmfare Awards, winning one for Gulzar's lyrics. At the 55th Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, the film won three awards in the Hindi section, where Kapadia herself won the Best Actress award for another film.{{cite web |url= http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/199255.htm |title= 1992 – 55th Annual BFJA Awards – Awards for the Year 1991 |access-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108211219/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/199255.htm |archive-date=8 January 2010 |publisher= BFJA}}

class="wikitable sortable"
style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" bgcolor="#B0C4DE"
scope="col"| Award

!scope="col"| Category

!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

!scope="col"| Result

!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}

rowspan="5" | 38th National Film Awards

| Best Female Playback Singer

| Lata Mangeshkar

| {{won}}

| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |

Best Art Direction

| Nitish Roy

| {{won}}

Best Costume Design

| Bhanu Athaiya

| {{won}}

Best Music Direction

| Hridaynath Mangeshkar

| {{won}}

Best Lyrics

| Gulzar

| {{won}}

rowspan="3" | 37th Filmfare Awards

| Filmfare Award for Best Actress

| Dimple Kapadia

| {{nom}}

| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1991|url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms|access-date=1 February 2022 |work=Filmfare|publisher=The Times Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704194306/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368596.cms|archive-date=4 July 2007}}

Best Music Director

| Hridaynath Mangeshkar

| {{nom}}

Best Lyricist

| Gulzar for "Yaara Seeli Seeli"

| {{won}}

| style="text-align:center;" |{{cite news |title=The Winners - 1991 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/articleshow/368599.cms |work=Filmfare|publisher=The Times Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029231414/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/articleshow/368599.cms |archive-date=29 October 2007}}

rowspan="3" | 55th Bengal Film Journalists'
Association Awards

| Best Lyricist (Hindi)

| Gulzar

|{{won}}

| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |

Best Female Playback Singer (Hindi)

| Lata Mangeshkar

|{{won}}

Best Art Director (Hindi)

| Nitish Roy

| {{won}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

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  • {{cite book |last1=Arunachalam |first1=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981 - 1990 |date=14 April 2020 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited |isbn=978-81-938482-2-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4rcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1297 |language=en}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Gulzar|first1=Meghna|author-link=Meghna Gulzar|title=Because he is ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFlAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=81-291-0364-8|access-date=14 October 2020|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020221042/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFlAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
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  • {{cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Raj |first1=Ashok |title=Hero Vol.2 |date=1 November 2009 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-03-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT85 |language=en}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Meheli |title=Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZA7BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |date=2017 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-1-4773-1158-5 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816070644/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZA7BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |url-status=live }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Vanita |first1=Ruth |author1-link=Ruth Vanita |title=Dancing with the Nation: Courtesans in Bombay Cinema |date=22 February 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-3444-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVpCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |language=en}}