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List of Salvia species

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of Salvia species}}

Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, with the number of species estimated to range from 700 to nearly 3,000. Members include shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. There are three main regions of radiation of Salvia:

  • Central and South America and Middle America and Mesoamerica, Latin America and with Africa-Eurasia and North America, (America), with approximately 600 species;
  • North-Northern, Central and West-Western Asia and the Mediterranean with approx. 250 species;
  • East-Eastern and South-Southern Asia and Australia and Oceania with approximately 90 species.{{cite journal | title = Salvia (Lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe Mentheae |author1=Jay B. Walker |author2=Kenneth J. Sytsma |author3=Jens Treutlein |author4=Michael Wink | year = 2004 | volume = 91 | pages = 1115–1125 | journal = American Journal of Botany | doi = 10.3732/ajb.91.7.1115 | issue=7 | pmid = 21653467| doi-access = }}

The naming of distinct Salvia species has undergone regular revision, with many species being renamed, merged, and reclassified over the years. Salvia officinalis (common sage), for example, has been cultivated for thousands of years, yet has been named and described under six different scientific names since 1940 alone. At one time there were over 2,000 named species and subspecies. A revision in 1988 by Gabriel Alziar of the Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice consolidated the number of different species to approximately 700. As new discoveries are made, the taxonomic list of Salvia species will continue to change.{{cite book|last=Sutton|first=John|title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Salvias|publisher=Workman Publishing Company|year=2004|page=17|isbn=978-0-88192-671-2}}{{cite book|last=Clebsch|first=Betsy|author2=Carol D. Barner |title=The New Book of Salvias|publisher=Timber Press|year=2003|page=18|isbn=978-0-88192-560-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NM0iwB8GrQYC&pg=PA18}}{{cite book|last=Alziar|first=Gabriel|title=Catalogue synonymique des Salvia du monde (Lamiaceae)|year=1988|publisher=Muséum d'histoire naturelle|location=Nice|language=French}}

The first significant accounting of the genus was done by George Bentham in 1832–1836, based on a similarity in staminal morphology between Salvia members.{{cite journal |author=El-Gazzar, A., L. Watson, W. T. Williams, and G. N. Lance|title=The taxonomy of Salvia: a test of two radically different numerical methods|journal=Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany|volume=60| pages=237–250|year=1968 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00087.x |issue=383 }} His work, Labiatarum Genera et Species (1836), is still the most comprehensive organization of Salvia. Even though there were only 291 species at that time, he still considered the possibility of forming five or six genera, due to differences between certain groups of Salvia. Bentham eventually organized the genus into four subgenera and twelve sections, based on differences in the corolla, calyx, and stamens. In the last 100 years, that system of organization is generally not endorsed by botanists.

The classification of Salvia has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of Salvia species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within Salvia. This clearly makes the genus non-monophyletic, which means that members of the genus have evolved from different ancestors, rather than sharing one common ancestor. The DNA analysis has shown that the genus may consist of as many as three different clades, or branches. The study concluded that Salvia is not a natural genus—some of its branches have a closer relationship to other genera in the tribe Mentheae than to other Salvia species.{{cite web|url=http://www.botany.wisc.edu/salvia/Project/project.html|title=Molecular phylogenetics, evolution, and classification of Salvia and related Mentheae|last=Sytsma|first=Ken|author2=Jay B. Walker|work=Salvia Research Network|publisher=Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison|access-date=5 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610140957/http://www.botany.wisc.edu/salvia/Project/project.html|archive-date=10 June 2010}}

{{As of|2024|May}}, Plants of the World Online accepted 1024 species, listed below.{{Cite POWO|title=Salvia L..|id=30000096-2|access-date=2024-05-03|mode=cs1}}

A

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File:Salvia africana 1.jpg]]

File:Salvia apiana 4.jpg]]

File:Salvia austriaca (flower).jpg]]

File:Salvia azurea1.jpg]]

B

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File:Salvia blepharophylla1.jpg]]

File:Salvia brandegeei.jpg]]

File:Salvia buchananii (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

C

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File:Thistle Sage (Salvia carduacea) flowers.jpg]]

File:Salvia chiapensis 2.jpg]]

File:Salvia clevelandii - jim sage - desc-flowers - status-rare.jpg]]

File:Texas sage (1571020768).jpg]]

D

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File:Salvia desoleana3.jpg]]

File:Salvia dorisiana (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

File:Salvia dorrii var clokeyi 12.jpg]]

E

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File:Salvia elegans.jpg]]

File:Salvia eremostachya.jpg]]

F

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File:Salvia farinacea 0.2 R.jpg]]

File:Salvia forsskaolei.jpg]]

File:Salvia funerea.jpg]]

G

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File:Salvia gesneriiflora 3.jpg]]

File:Lamiaceae - Salvia glutinosa-3.JPG]]

File:Autumn Sage 'Teresa' (Salvia greggii).jpg]]

H

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File:Salvia hierosolymitana 1.JPG]]

File:Salvia_hispanica_kz2.jpg]]

File:Salvia holwayi (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

I

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File:Salvia indica.jpg]]

File:Salvia iodantha 1.jpg]]

J

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File:Salvia judaica 2.JPG]]

K

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File:Salvia karwinskii (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

L

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File:Salvia lanceolata 2.jpg]]

File:Salvia leucantha2.jpg]]

File:Salvia lyrata Kaldari.jpg]]

M

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File:Salvia macrophylla (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

File:Salvia madrensis 'Yellow Majesty'2.jpg]]

File:Salvia mellifera flowers 2003-03-12.jpg]]

File:Salvia melissodora 3.jpg]]

File:Salvia microphylla neurepia.jpg]]

N

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File:Salvia nemorosa-IMG 3624.jpg]]

File:Salvia nipponica var. formosana 黃花鼠尾草 (天問).jpg]]

O

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File:Salvia officinalis 001.JPG]]

File:Salvia omeiana.jpg]]

P

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File:Salvia pachyphylla, the Rose Sage (10461533306).jpg]]

File:Salvia_patens_Mexico.JPG]]

File:Salvia pichinchensis.jpg]]

File:Wiesensalbei 1.jpg]]

File:Salvia purpurea (2053424530).jpg]]

Q

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R

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File:Salvia regla 'Jame' (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

File:Lamiaceae - Salvia ringens-001.JPG]]

File:Rosemary in bloom.JPG, Salvia rosmarinus]]

File:Salvia rubescens (10195181096).jpg]]

S

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File:Salvia sagittata (Scott Zona) 001.jpg]]

File:Salvia sinaloensis1.jpg]]

File:Hummingbird sage.jpg]]

File:Salvia splendens - blossoms (aka).jpg]]

T

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File:Salvia tiliifolia00.jpg]]

File:Lamiaceae_-_Salvia_transsylvanica.jpg]]

U

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File:Salvia urica (Scott Zona) 002.jpg]]

V

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File:SALVIA VERBENACA - SANT JUST - IB-415 (Tàrrec).JPG]]

File:Salvia verticillata 240606.jpg]]

File:Lamiaceae - Salvia viscosa.JPG]]

W

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X

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Y

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Z

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Interspecific hybrids

[[File:Salvia 'Mystic Spires Blue'.JPG|thumb|Salvia {{Tdes|Mystic Spires Blue}} 'Balsalmisp'

]]

Hybrids accepted by Plants of the World Online {{as of|2024|May|lc=yes}} include:

There are also many horticultural cultivars and hybrids, particularly those involving Salvia microphylla, Salvia greggii and their hybrid Salvia × jamensis.{{cite journal |last=Dyson |first=William |date=September 2015 |title=RHS trial of Mexican Salvia |journal=The Plantsman |series=New Series |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=158–164 }}

References

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{{commons category|position=left|Salvia|
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Salvia