List of current non-sovereign monarchs
{{Short description|None}}
{{For|current sovereign monarchs|List of current monarchs of sovereign states}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
This is a list of currently reigning constituent monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominion ("polity"), and are grouped by country.
African monarchs
{{Main|List of current constituent African monarchs}}
Asian monarchs
{{Main|List of current constituent Asian monarchs}}
European monarchs
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! width="16%" | State !! width="13%" | Polity !! width="24%" | Monarch !! width="13%" | Since !! width="12%" | House !! width="17%" | Succession !! width="5%" | Refs | ||||||
| {{Flag icon|Guernsey}} Guernsey | {{Flag icon|Sark}}Sark | Christopher Beaumont | 3 July 2016 | Beaumont | Hereditary | |
| {{Flag icon|Ireland}} Ireland | Tory Island | vacant | 19 October 2018 | Kings of Tory | Elective |
North American monarchs
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South American monarchs
{{Dynamic list}}
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! width="16%" | State !! width="13%" | Polity !! width="24%" | Monarch !! width="13%" | Since !! width="12%" | House !! width="17%" | Succession !! width="5%" | Refs | ||||||
| {{Flag icon| Bolivia}} Bolivia | {{flagicon image|Flag Afrobolivian.svg}} Afro-Bolivians | Julio Pinedo | 18 April 1992 | Pinedo | Hereditary | {{Cite web|url=http://www.casarealafroboliviana.org/|title=Web Oficial de la Casa Real Afroboliviana|website=www.casarealafroboliviana.org}} |
Oceanian monarchs
{{Dynamic list}}
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! width="16%" | State !! width="13%" | Polity !! width="24%" | Monarch !! width="13%" | Since !! width="12%" | House !! width="17%" | Succession !! width="5%" | Refs | |||||||
| {{Flag icon|American Samoa}} American Samoa | Manu'a | Tu'i Manu'a vacant | 6 July 1904 | rowspan="7" | Elective and hereditary | align="center" | | ||
| {{Flag icon|Fiji}} Fiji | Fiji | Tui Viti vacant | align="center" | | ||||
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="2" | {{Flag icon|Marshall Islands}} Marshall Islands {{#tag:ref|The government of the Marshall Islands recognises 12 chiefly domains, called mojen, each headed by one or several paramount chiefs. Each domain is represented in the Council of Iroij, an advisory body of traditional chiefs guaranteed by the Constitution.|group=oc|name=Marshalls}} | Kwajalein | Iroijlaplap Michael Kabua | 19 September 2019 | Kabua | align="center" |{{Cite news|title=Marshall Islands celebrate first 'Iroojlaplap' chief coronation in 50 years|publisher=France 24|location=Majuro, Marshall Islands|date=22 July 2022|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220722-marshall-islands-celebrate-first-iroojlaplap-chief-coronation-in-50-years|access-date=8 March 2023}} | ||
North Ratak {{#tag:ref|This domain covers the islands of Ailuk, Aur, Maloelap, Taongi, Utirik and Wotje in the Ratak Chain. Its ruling clan has also laid claim to nearby Wake Island, under the name Eneen-Kio.|group=oc|name=Rataks}} | Iroijlaplap Remios Hermios | 10 December 1998 | Hermios | align="center" |{{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Marshall Islands Traditional Polities|work=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Marshall_native.html|access-date=13 June 2010}} | |||
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="3" | {{Flag icon|Federated States of Micronesia}} Federated States of Micronesia | Madolenihmw | Nahnmwarki Kerpet Ehpel {{#tag:ref|This chief is normally referred to as the Isipahu.|group=oc|name=Isipahu}} | November 2008 | Dipwinpahnmei {{#tag:ref|The ruling line belongs specifically to the Inenkatau (or Upwutenmai) sept of the Dipwinpahnmei clan.|group=oc|name=Inenka}} | align="center" |{{Cite news|last=Jaynes|first=Bill|title=PRC Ambassador Zhang Weidong turns over Pohnpei State Government building to the FSM|newspaper=Kaselehlie Press|location=Peilapalap, Pohnpei|date=17 February 2010|url=http://www.fsmgames.fm/news/kp/2010/feb10_6.htm|access-date=14 June 2010}}{{Cite journal|last=Riesenberg|first=Saul H.|title=The Native Polity of Ponape|journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology|volume=10|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|year=1968|issue=10 |pages=1–115 |doi=10.5479/si.00810223.10.1 |url=http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/anthropology/pdf_lo/SCtA-0010.pdf|access-date=13 June 2010}} | ||
Sokehs | Nahnmwarki Herculano Kohler | 1997 | Sounkawad | align="center" |{{Cite press release|title=President Nena Was Bestowed Traditional Title|publisher= Government of the Federated States of Micronesia|date=20 November 1997|url=http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr112017.htm|access-date=14 June 2010}} | |||
Uh | Nahnmwarki Welter John {{#tag:ref|This chief is normally referred to as the Sangiro.|group=oc|name=Sangiro}} | 30 September 1991 | Lasialap {{#tag:ref|The ruling line belongs specifically to the Sounpasedo sept of the Lasialap clan.|group=oc|name=Sounpas}} | align="center" |{{Citation|title=Congressional Journal: First Regular Session|publisher=Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia|date=11 May 2007|location=Palikir, Pohnpei|url=http://www.fsmcongress.fm/pdf%20documents/Day%201%20Journal%20-%201st%20Regular%20%2015th%20Congress.pdf|access-date=14 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | |||
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="3" | {{Flag icon|New Caledonia|local}} New Caledonia | Kunié | High Chief Hilarion Vendégou | 26 September 1974 {{#tag:ref|Hilarion was recognised as grand chef in 1974, but, due to a violent succession dispute with his relative Jean-Marie Vendégou, was not formally enthroned until 7 July 1979. He is also the mayor of the island commune until 2014.|group=oc|name=Hilarion}} | Vao {{#tag:ref | group=oc|name=Kanak}} | Hereditary | align="center" |{{Cite book|last=Godard|first=Philippe|title=Le mémorial Calédonien, Volume 8: 1970-1981|publisher=Art Calédoniennes|year=1980|location=Nouméa|pages=43, 60, 101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyMHAQAAIAAJ|language=fr}} |
Maré | High Chief Dokucas Naisseline | 6 June 2007 | Naisseline {{#tag:ref|The Naisseline family is a branch of the Netché, a tribe of Kanaks.|group=oc|name=Netche}} | Hereditary {{#tag:ref|The throne of the grand chef on Maré Island is traditionally held by the chief of Guahma district, an hereditary position.|group=oc|name=Guahma}} | align="center"|{{Cite news|author=|title=Grand chef à 33 ans|newspaper=Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes|location=Maré, New Caledonia|date=7 June 2007|url=http://www.lnc.nc/pays/societe/161827-grand-chef-a-33-ans.html|access-date=14 June 2010|language=fr}} | ||
Lifou | High Chief Evanes Boula | 13 June 1999 | Boula {{#tag:ref|A Kanak dynasty.|group=oc|name=Kanak}} | Hereditary {{#tag:ref|The throne of the grand chef on Lifou Island, which also rules Ouvéa, is traditionally held by the chief of Lössi district, an hereditary position.|group=oc|name=Lossi}} | align="center" |{{Cite web|title=Lifou|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/lifou.html|access-date=12 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613163943/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/lifou.html|archive-date=13 June 2011}} | ||
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} New Zealand | 25px Kīngitanga {{#tag:ref|Commonly referred to as the "Māori King Movement". Its elected ariki nui is often called the "Māori King" due to his nationalistic influence over all Māori tribes as a symbol of unity. This title is not officially recognised by the government of New Zealand.|group=oc|name=Mking}} | Arikinui Nga wai hono i te po | 5 September 2024 | Te Wherowhero {{#tag:ref|Te Wherowhero is the lineage of the first king. It belongs to the Waikato iwi, which is part of the Tainui confederation.|group=oc|name=Whero}} | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The monarch is appointed for life by the chiefs of the tribes involved in the Kīngitanga movement. Traditionally, selection is limited to direct descendants of the first king: Pōtatau I, of the Waikato tribe. However, in principle inheritance is open to any lineage should the electing chiefs be in agreement.|group=oc|name=Kingit}} | align="center" |{{Cite news|author=|title=New Zealand Maori choose new king|newspaper=BBC News|date=21 August 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5269822.stm|access-date=12 June 2010}} | |
Tūwharetoa | Arikinui Tumu Te Heuheu Tūkino VIII | 5 August 1997 | Te Heuheu | Hereditary | align="center"|{{Cite web|title=Ngati Tuwharetoa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuwharetoa.html|access-date=12 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310170443/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuwharetoa.html|archive-date=10 March 2011}} | ||
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="2" | {{Flag icon|Palau}} Palau {{#tag:ref|Palau is divided into 16 traditional polities. The 16-seat Council of Chiefs, made up of the traditional chiefs from each constituent state, is an advisory body to the President. The chiefs of Koror and Melekeok, the highest chiefs from Eoueldaob and Babeldaob respectively, are recognised as the two paramount chiefs of the nation.|group=oc|name=Palaudes}} | 25px Koror | vacant | Ngerekldeu {{#tag:ref|This is not the name of the ruling house or clan: it is the ritual name used by the successive chiefs from this lineage.|group=oc|name=Palaudyn}} | Elective and Hereditary {{#tag:ref|Chiefs are selected by the most senior women of the ruling clan.|group=oc|name=Palausuc}} | align="center" rowspan="2" |{{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Traditional chiefs of Palau|work=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Palau.htm#Traditional|access-date=13 June 2010}} | ||
25px Melekeok | Reklai Bao Ngirmang | 1998 | Ngetelngal {{#tag:ref | group=oc|name=Palaudyn}} | Elective and Hereditary {{#tag:ref | group=oc|name=Palausuc}} | |
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="4" | {{Flag icon|Samoa}} Samoa {{#tag:ref|There are four paramount chiefs in Samoa, each presiding over a royal lineage (Tama a 'Āiga) of past kings. Chiefs are afforded considerable power. The national parliament, the Fono, is composed exclusively of chiefly titleholders (matai). The office of head of state (the O le Ao o le Malo) is traditionally reserved for the paramount chiefs, although this is not required by the Constitution.|group=oc|name=Samoa}} | Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi {{#tag:ref|Tufuga Efi has held the chiefly title of Tui Atua Fa'asavali since 1 July 1983.|group=oc|name=Tupua}} | 1 July 1983 | Sa Tupua | rowspan="3" | Elective and hereditary | align="center" |{{Cite web|title=Tupua Tamasese|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tupuatamasese.html|access-date=18 June 2010}} | ||
Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II {{#tag:ref|Va'aletoa Sualauvi has been the head of state since 21 July 2017.|group=oc|name=Va'aletoa}} | 1977 | Tuia'ana | align="center" |{{Cite web|title=Tuimaleali'ifano|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuimalealiifano.html|access-date=18 June 2010}} | ||||
vacant {{#tag:ref|The throne of the Mata'afa has been vacant since 1997; little other information is available.|group=oc|name=Mataafa}} | December 1997 | Sa Mata'afa | align="center" |{{Cite web|title=Mata'afa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/mataafa.html|access-date=18 June 2010}} | ||||
Malietoa Fa’amausili Molī | 16 August 2018 | Sa Mālietoa | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The lineage associated with this title consists of three branches: Sa Moli, Sa Talavou and Sa Natuitasina (also spelled Gatuitasina). As the succession law dictates, heirs of all three branches are equally entitled to hold the title, and accession of an heir to the title is subject to nomination and consensus from all three branches. The most recent titleholders have been from the Moli sept.|group=oc|name=Samal}} | align="center" |{{Cite web|title=Malietoa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/malietoa.html|access-date=18 June 2010}} | |||
| {{Flag icon|Tahiti}} Tahiti | Tahiti | Teriʻihinoiatua Joinville Hinoiariki Pomare XI | 19 April 2023 | Pōmare | Elective and hereditary | align="center" | {{cite web | url=https://ladepeche.pf/2023/04/17/un-roi-pomare-xi-et-bientot-une-principaute/ | title=Un roi, Pomare XI, et bientôt une Principauté | date=18 April 2023 }} | |
style="vertical-align: top; " rowspan="8" | {{Flag icon|Tuvalu}} Tuvalu {{#tag:ref|Each island or atoll has a traditional high chief, the ulu-aliki, who is recognised by and plays an active ceremonial role in the national government. Thrones are primarily elective, but candidates are limited to members of a number of chiefly clans.|group=oc|name=Tuvalu}} | Funafuti | Aliki Siaosi Finiki | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|Funafuti's traditional chieftaincy is limited to senior members of two chiefly clans: Te Aliki a Mua, and Te Aliki a Muli. By custom, succession rotates between the two lineages.|group=oc|name=Funasuc}} | align="center" rowspan="8" |{{Cite web|work=Government of Tuvalu; Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Industries; Economic Research and Policy Division|title=Te Kakeega II: National Strategies for Sustainable Development: 2005–2015: Malefatuga Declaration |place=Funafuti|publisher=United Nations|date=November 2005|page=27|url=https://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/tuvalu/nsds.pdf|access-date=14 June 2010}}.{{Cite book|last = Faaniu|first=Simati|editor=Laracy, Hugh |title=Tuvalu: A History|publisher=IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific|year=1983|location=Suva, Fiji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWaSHqXlS30C}} | |||
Nanumanga | Aliki Talivai Sovola | Mouhala | Elective and hereditary | ||||
Nanumea | Aliki Iliala Lima | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The high chief, or Pulefenua, is elected by a council of chiefs (the Fale Kaupule) from senior members of Nanumea's seven chiefly clans, all of which claim descent from the first settlers.|group=oc|name=Nanusuc}} | |||||
Niutao | Aliki Iosefa Lagafaoa | rowspan="5" | Elective and hereditary | |||||
Nui | Aliki Falani Mekuli | ||||||
Nukufetau | Aliki Valoaga Fonotapu | ||||||
Nukulaelae | Aliki Aifou Tafia | ||||||
Vaitupu | Aliki Londoni Panapa | ||||||
rowspan="4" style="vertical-align: top; " | {{Flag icon|Wallis and Futuna|local}} Wallis and Futuna | {{flagicon|Alo}} Alo | Tuʻi Lino Leleivai | 29 November 2018 | Lalolalo | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's four chiefly clans.|group=oc|name=Alo}} | align="center" |{{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Wallis and Futuna Islands|publisher=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Wallis_Futuna.html|access-date=28 April 2010}} | |
{{flagicon|Sigave}} Sigave | Tuʻi Eufenio Takala | 5 March 2016 | Vanai | Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's three chiefly clans: the Tamole, the Keletaona, and the Safoka.|group=oc|name=Sigave}} | align="center" |{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
rowspan="2"| {{flagicon|Uvea}} Uvea | Tuʻi Felice Tominiko Halagahu (co-claimant) | 16 April 2016 | rowspan="2"| Takumasiva | rowspan="2"| Elective and hereditary {{#tag:ref|The king is elected, traditionally for ten years, by a council of ministers from the senior members of the kingdom's royal clans. These clans correspond to the three districts of the island: Hahake, Hihifo, and Muʻa. The present king is of the Hihifo clan.|group=oc|name=Uvea}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |{{Cite web|author=Soszynski, Henry|title=Wallis|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/uvea.html|access-date=28 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164016/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/uvea.html|archive-date=13 June 2011}} | ||
| Tuʻi Patalione Kanimoa (co-claimant) | 17 April 2016 |
= Cook Islands =
Each major atoll in the Cook Islands has a number of arikis, ceremonial high chiefs who together form the Are Ariki, a parliamentary advisory body with up to 24 seats. The only domains not listed below are those of Manuae, on which current information is inadequate, and Penrhyn, whose chiefly line is extinct. Styles and names are listed in their conventional local form. In addition to the generic title of ariki, which is worn at the end of one's name, each chiefly line carries its own unique style, which is placed at the beginning. Thus, if the chief's name is "Henry" and his title is "Ngamaru", he is styled "Ngamaru Henry Ariki".
= Others =
In Fiji, which became a colony of the United Kingdom in 1874, the British monarchs were historically bestowed the title Tui Viti, which translates as "King of Fiji" or "Paramount Chief of Fiji". The last holder of the title (from 6 February 1952) was Queen Elizabeth II, of the House of Windsor. The state became a republic in 1987, abolishing the title by establishing a new constitution. The former Great Council of Chiefs, however, still recognised Elizabeth II as Tui Viti, as the nation's traditional queen and its supreme tribal chief, despite no longer holding a constitutional office. Consequently, while Fiji remains a republic, a monarch or paramount chief is still recognised by traditional tribal politics. The Queen made no official claim to the Tui Viti throne, although until at least 2002, she remained open to the possibility of a constitutional restoration of the monarchy.{{Cite news|author=|title=Queen still chief of Fiji|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Sydney|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald Online|date=20 November 2002|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/11/20/1037697676385.html|access-date=18 June 2010}}
Native chiefs in Fiji are considered members of the nobility. The House of Chiefs, consisting of about 70 chiefs of various rank determined by a loosely defined order of precedence, was modeled after the British House of Lords.{{Cite web|title=Fijian Chiefly Titles|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/fiji/fiji.html|access-date=18 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164009/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/fiji/fiji.html|archive-date=13 June 2011}} Tongan chiefs, subordinate to a king, are also considered nobles and have therefore been excluded from the above list.{{Cite web|title=Tongan Titles|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/tonga/tonga.html|access-date=18 June 2010}}
In American Samoa there are 14 paramount chiefs, with Manu'a traditionally subordinate to the Tu'i Manu'a, a title that is now considered purely historical; the last titleholder, Elisala, died 2 July 1909. The paramount chiefly titles are: on Tutuila, Faumuina, Lei'ato, Letuli, Fuimaono, Tuitele, Satele, Mauga, and in the Manu'a Islands, Laolagi, Aso'au, Lefiti, Sotoa, Galea'i, Misa and Tuiolosega.
See also
- Ethnarch
- Heads of former ruling families
- Imperial, royal and noble ranks
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign
- List of monarchies
- Lists of monarchs
- Traditional authority
- List of current sovereign monarchs
- List of longest reigning current monarchs
Notes
=Oceania=
{{reflist|group="oc"}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
Further reading
- {{Cite web
|last=Soszynski
|first=Henry
|date=1996–2010
|title=Genealogical Gleanings
|publisher=University of Queensland
|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/
|access-date=19 April 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522085526/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/
|archive-date=22 May 2010
}}
- {{Cite web
|last = Tick
|first = Donald P.
|date = 2007–2010
|title = Royal Timor: Kings, Rajas and Dynasties of Timor
|url = http://www.royaltimor.com/
|access-date = 28 April 2010
}}
- {{Cite journal
| last = Van Klinken
| first = Gerry
| title = Return of the Sultans: The Communitarian Turn in Local Politics
| journal = The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism
| pages = 149–169
| publisher = Routledge
| location = London
| year = 2007
| ssrn = 1309406
}}
{{Current sovereigns of monarchies}}
{{Monarchies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Current Constituent Monarchs}}