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List of missions to Mars#Future missions

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{{use British English|date=November 2020}}

{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}

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This is a list of spacecraft missions (including unsuccessful ones) to the planet Mars, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers.

Missions

;Mission Type Legend: {{legend|#eaecf0|Mission to Mars}}{{legend|#cccccc|Gravity assist, destination elsewhere}}

{{Table TOC|1960|1970|1980|1990|2000|2010|2020}}

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="font-size:85%;"
colspan="2"|Mission

! Spacecraft

! Launch Date

! Operator

! Mission Type[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology_mars.html Chronology of Mars Exploration]. NASA. Retrieved on 1 December 2011.

! Outcome{{cite web|url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html|title=Pathfinder Rover Gets Its Name}}

! Remarks

! Carrier rocket{{Cite web|title=Russia's unmanned missions to Mars|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html|access-date=2021-02-12|website=www.russianspaceweb.com}}

id="1960"

| 1

| 1M No.1

| 1M No.1

| {{dts|10 October 1960}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to achieve Earth orbit

| Molniya

2

| 1M No.2

| 1M No.2

| {{dts|14 October 1960}}

| OKB-1
{{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to achieve Earth orbit

| Molniya

3

| 2MV-4 No.1

| 2MV-4 No.1

| {{dts|24 October 1962}}

| {{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO

| Molniya

4

| Mars 1

| Mars 1
(2MV-4 No.2)

| {{dts|1 November 1962}}

| {{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications lost before first flyby

| Molniya

5

| 2MV-3 No.1

| 2MV-3 No.1

| {{dts|4 November 1962}}

| {{USSR}}

| Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO

| Molniya

6

| Mariner 3

| Mariner 3

| {{dts|5 November 1964}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Payload fairing failed to separate

| Atlas LV-3 Agena-D

7

| Mariner 4

| Mariner 4

| {{dts|28 November 1964}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965

| Atlas LV-3 Agena-D

8

| Zond 2

| Zond 2
(3MV-4A No.2)

| {{dts|30 November 1964}}

| {{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications lost before flyby

| Molniya

9

| Mariner 6

| Mariner 6

| {{dts|25 February 1969}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|

| Atlas-Centaur

10

| 2M No.521

| 2M No.521

(1969A){{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311|title=Chronology of Mars Missions |website=ResearchGate|language=en|doi=10.13140/rg.2.2.29797.65768 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210015825/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311_Chronology_of_Mars_Missions

|archive-date=10 December 2018}}

| {{dts|27 March 1969}}

| {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to achieve Earth orbit

| Proton-K/D

11

| Mariner 7

| Mariner 7

| {{dts|27 March 1969}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|

| Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D

12

| 2M No.522

| 2M No.522

(1969B)

| {{dts|2 April 1969}}

| {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to achieve Earth orbit

| Proton-K/D

id="1970"

| 13

| Mariner 8

| Mariner 8

| {{dts|9 May 1971}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Failed to achieve Earth orbit

| Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D

14

| Kosmos 419

| Kosmos 419
(3MS No.170)

| {{dts|10 May 1971}}

| {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly

| Proton-K/D

rowspan="3" | 15

| rowspan="3" | Mars 2

| Mars 2
(4M No.171)

| rowspan="3" | {{dts|19 May 1971}}

| rowspan="3" | {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| On November 27 it became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet.{{cite web | last=Smith | first=Kiona N. | title=The Mariner 9 Spacecraft And The Race To Orbit Mars | website=Forbes | date=2017-05-30 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2017/05/30/the-mariner-9-spacecraft-and-the-race-to-mars/ | access-date=2022-02-16}} Operated for 362 orbits{{cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-mars.html#mars2 |title=Missions to Mars |publisher=The Planetary Society}}

| rowspan="3" | Proton-K/D

Mars 2 lander
(SA 4M No.171)

| Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|class=nowrap|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971.NASA Space Science Data Center, [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045D Mars 2 Lander]. Retrieved 11 Feb. 2021.

PrOP-M

|Rover

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Failure
Lost with Mars 2}}

| First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars.

rowspan="3" | 16

| rowspan="3" | Mars 3

| Mars 3
(4M No.172)

| rowspan="3" | {{dts|28 May 1971}}

| rowspan="3" | {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| On December 2 it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. Operated for 20 orbits{{cite book|last=Perminov|first=V.G.|title=The Difficult Road to Mars - A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union|date=July 1999|publisher=NASA Headquarters History Division|isbn=0-16-058859-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/difficultroadtom00perm/page/34 34–60]|url=https://archive.org/details/difficultroadtom00perm/page/34}}{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=NASA Mars Orbiter Images May Show 1971 Soviet Lander |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/news/mro2013411.html|date=11 April 2013 |work=NASA |access-date=12 April 2013 }}

| rowspan="3" | Proton-K/D

Mars 3 lander
(SA 4M No.172)

| Lander

| {{partial|{{hs|2}}Partial success}}{{cite news |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|title=Mars 3 Lander|quote=Mars 3 was the first spacecraft to make a successful soft landing on Mars.|work=NASA}}{{cite news |url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/tpr_1990_4_anderson|title=The First Rover on Mars - The Soviets Did It in 1971|quote=The Mars 2 and 3 rover, which landed on Mars in 1971.|work=Planetary Society}}

| First lander to make a soft landing on Mars. Landed on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details". Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds after landing.{{Cite web|title=Mars 3 Spacecraft and Subsystems, NSSDCA cat|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|access-date=February 11, 2021}}NASA Space Science Data Center, [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F Mars 3 Lander]. Retrieved 11 Feb. 2021.

PrOP-M

|Rover

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Carrier vehicle failed before rover was deployed}}

| First rover to make a soft landing on another planet. 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) rover connected to the Mars 3 lander by a tether. Deployment status unknown due to loss of communications with the Mars 3 lander.

17

| Mariner 9

| Mariner 9

| {{dts|30 May 1971}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

{{cite book |last=Pyle|first=Rod |title=Destination Mars |year=2012 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-61614-589-7 |pages=73–78 |quote=It was the first spacecraft to enter orbit around another world.}}

|First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit.

| Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D

18

| Mars 4

| Mars 4
(3MS No.52S)

| {{dts|21 July 1973}}

| {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{partial|{{hs|2}}Partial success}}{{Cite web|url=http://mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogMars.htm|title=Soviet Mars Images|website=mentallandscape.com}}

| Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby.

| Proton-K/D

19

| Mars 5

| Mars 5
(3MS No.53S)

| {{dts|25 July 1973}}

| {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames

| Proton-K/D

rowspan="2" | 20

| rowspan="2" | Mars 6

| Mars 6
(3MP No.50P)

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|5 August 1973}}

| rowspan="2" | {{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby bus collected data.{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-052A|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details}}

| rowspan="2" | Proton-K/D

Mars 6 lander

|Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

|Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.

rowspan="2" | 21

| rowspan="2" | Mars 7

| Mars 7
(3MP No.51P)

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|9 August 1973}}

| rowspan="2" | {{USSR}}

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby bus collected data.

| rowspan="2" | Proton-K/D

Mars 7 lander

|Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

|Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.

rowspan="2" | 22

| rowspan="2" | Viking 1

| Viking 1 orbiter

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|20 August 1975}}

| rowspan="2" | NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Operated for 1385 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976.

| rowspan="2" | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T

Viking 1 lander

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| First successful Mars lander. Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter. Landed on Mars on 20 July 1976. Operated for 2245 sols.

rowspan="2" | 23

| rowspan="2" | Viking 2

| Viking 2 orbiter

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|9 September 1975}}

| rowspan="2" | NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976.

| rowspan="2" | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T

Viking 2 lander

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter. Landed on Mars in September 1976. Operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980).

id="1980"

| rowspan="2" | 24

| rowspan="2" | Phobos 1

| Phobos 1
(1F No.101)

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|7 July 1988}}

| rowspan="2" | {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit

| rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|Proton-K/D-2}}

DAS

|Phobos lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Failure
Lost with Phobos 1}}

|To have been deployed by Phobos 1

rowspan="3" | 25

| rowspan="3" | Phobos 2

| Phobos 2
(1F No.102)

| rowspan="3" | {{dts|12 July 1988}}

| rowspan="3" | {{USSR}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes2|{{hs|class=nowrap|3}}Mostly successful}}

| Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander deployment.

| rowspan="3" | Proton-K/D-2

Prop-F

|Phobos rover

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Failure
Lost with Phobos 2}}

|To have been deployed by Phobos 2

DAS

|Phobos lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Failure
Lost with Phobos 2}}

|To have been deployed by Phobos 2

id="1990"

| 26

| Mars Observer

| Mars Observer

| {{dts|25 September 1992}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Lost communications before orbital insertion

| Commercial Titan III

27

| Mars Global Surveyor

| Mars Global Surveyor

| {{dts|7 November 1996}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Operated for ten years

| Delta II 7925

rowspan="5" | 28

| rowspan="5" | Mars 96

| Mars 96
(M1 No.520) (Mars-8)

| rowspan="5" | {{dts|16 November 1996}}

| rowspan="5" | Rosaviakosmos
{{RUS}}

| Orbiter
Penetrators

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO

| rowspan="5" | Proton-K/D-2

Mars 96 lander

|Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure
Lost with Mars 96}}

| rowspan="2" |Two Mars landers to have been deployed by Mars 96.

Mars 96 lander

|Lander

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure
Lost with Mars 96}}

Mars 96 penetrator

|Penetrator

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure
Lost with Mars 96}}

| rowspan="2" |Two Mars Penetrators to have been deployed by Mars 96.

Mars 96 penetrator

|Penetrator

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure
Lost with Mars 96}}

rowspan="2" |29

| rowspan="2" |Mars Pathfinder

| Mars Pathfinder

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|4 December 1996}}

| rowspan="2" | NASA
{{USA}}

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997,{{cite web | url=http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/geology.html | title=Mars Pathfinder Science Results | work=NASA | access-date=20 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402035943/http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/geology.html | archive-date=2 April 2012 | url-status=dead }} Last contact on 27 September 1997

| rowspan="2" | Delta II 7925

Sojourner

| Rover

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| First rover to operate on another planet. Operated for 84 days{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1 October 1997|title=Mars Pathfinder Welcome to Mars Sol 86 (1 October 1997) Images|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/ops/sol86.html|access-date=12 February 2021|website=}}

30

| Nozomi

| Nozomi
(PLANET-B)

| {{dts|3 July 1998}}

| ISAS
{{JPN}}

| Orbiter

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel. However provided crucial information about the deep space environment.{{Cite web |title=Nozomi - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nozomi/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en}}

| M-V

31

| Mars Climate Orbiter

| Mars Climate Orbiter

| {{dts|11 December 1998}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a software interface bug involving different units for impulse and either burned up in the atmosphere or entered solar orbit

| Delta II 7425

rowspan="3" | 32

| rowspan="3" | Mars Polar Lander / {{nowrap|Deep Space 2}}

| Mars Polar Lander

| rowspan="3" | {{dts|3 January 1999}}

| rowspan="3" | NASA
{{USA}}

| Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|2}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Failed to function after landing

| rowspan="3" | Delta II 7425

Deep Space 2

| Penetrator

| {{no2|{{hs|2}}Spacecraft failure}}

| rowspan="2" | No data transmitted after deployment from MPL.

Deep Space 2

|Penetrator

| {{no2|{{hs|2}}Spacecraft failure}}

id="2000"

| 33

| Mars Odyssey

| Mars Odyssey

| {{dts|7 April 2001}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Expected to remain operational until 2025.

| Delta II 7925

rowspan="2" | 34

| rowspan="2" |Mars Express

| Mars Express

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2 June 2003}}

| rowspan="2" | ESA

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Enough fuel to remain operational until 2035

| rowspan="2" | Soyuz-FG / Fregat

Beagle 2

| Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Lander failure}}

| No communications received after release from Mars Express. Orbital images of landing site suggest a successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications.

35

| Spirit

| Spirit
(MER-A)

| {{dts|10 June 2003}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Rover

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed on 4 January 2004.
Operated for 2208 solsA sol is the name for an Mars' day.

| Delta II 7925

36

| Opportunity

| Opportunity
(MER-B)

| {{dts|8 July 2003}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Rover

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed on 25 January 2004.
Operated for 5351 sols

| Delta II

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

| rowspan="2" | –

| rowspan="2" |Rosetta

| Rosetta

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2 March 2004}}

| rowspan="2" | ESA

| Flyby

(Gravity assist)

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| rowspan="2" | Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Rosetta/SEMUDT70LYE_0.html |title=ESA - Beautiful new images from Rosetta's approach to Mars: OSIRIS UPDATE |publisher=Esa.int |date=24 February 2007 |access-date=16 January 2012}}

| rowspan="2" | Ariane 5G+

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

|Philae

|Flyby

(Gravity assist)

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

37

| Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

| Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

| {{dts|12 August 2005}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Entered orbit on 10 March 2006

| Atlas V 401

38

| Phoenix

| Phoenix

| {{dts|4 August 2007}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed on 25 May 2008.
End of mission 2 November 2008

| Delta II 7925

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

| –

|Dawn

| Dawn

| {{dts|27 September 2007}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Flyby

(Gravity assist)

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres

| Delta II 7925H

id="2010"

| rowspan="2" |39

| rowspan="2" |Fobos-Grunt / Yinghuo-1

| Fobos-Grunt

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|8 November 2011}}

| Roscosmos
{{RUS}}

| Orbiter
{{nowrap|Phobos sample}} return

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Launch failure}}

| Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power)

| rowspan="2" | Zenit-2M

Yinghuo-1

| CNSA
{{CHN}}

| Orbiter

| {{no|{{hs|0}}Precluded
Lost with Fobos-Grunt}}

| To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt

40

| Mars Science Laboratory

| Curiosity
(Mars Science Laboratory)

| {{dts|26 November 2011}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Rover

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Landed on 6 August 2012

| Atlas V 541

41

| Mars Orbiter Mission

| Mars Orbiter Mission

| {{dts|5 November 2013}}

| ISRO
{{IND}}

| Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|Entered orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended to 2022, where the mission concluded on September 27, 2022 after contact was lost.{{Cite news|last=Ray|first=Kalyan|date=8 February 2017|title=Isro-Mars orbiter mission life extended up to 2020|work=Deccan Herald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/595344/isro-mars-orbiter-mission-life.html|access-date=12 February 2021}}

| PSLV-XL

42

| MAVEN

| MAVEN

| {{dts|18 November 2013}}

| NASA
{{USA}}

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Orbit insertion on 22 September 2014{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |last3=Zubritsky |first3=Elizabeth |title=NASA's Newest Mars Mission Spacecraft Enters Orbit around Red Planet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-318 |date=21 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=22 September 2014 }}

| Atlas V 401

rowspan="2" | 43

| rowspan="2" | ExoMars 2016

| ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|14 March 2016}}

| ESA/Roscosmos
ESA/{{RUS}}

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Entered orbit on 19 October 2016

| rowspan="2" | Proton-M / Briz-M

Schiaparelli EDM lander

| ESA

| Lander

| {{no2|{{hs|1}}Spacecraft failure}}

| Carried by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Although the lander crashed,{{cite news |last=Clark |first= Stephen |title=Probe into crash of ESA lander recommends more checks on ExoMars descent craft |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/05/24/probe-into-crash-of-esa-mars-lander-recommends-more-checks-on-exomars-descent-craft/ |date=24 May 2017 |work=Spaceflight Now |access-date=21 November 2018}}{{cite news |title=Weak Simulations, Inadequate Software & Mismanagement caused Schiaparelli Crash Landing|url=http://spaceflight101.com/exomars/esa-completes-schiaparelli-failure-investigation/|date=24 May 2017 |work=Spaceflight101 |access-date=21 November 2018}} engineering data on the first five minutes of entry was successfully retrieved.{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Sewell |title=No Signal From Mars Lander, but European Officials Declare Mission a Success |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/21/science/space/no-signal-from-mars-lander-but-european-officials-declare-mission-a-success.html |date=20 October 2016 |work=New York Times |access-date=20 October 2016}}{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |url=http://www.space.com/34471-exomars-mission-96-percent-successful-esa.html |title=ExoMars '96 Percent' Successful Despite Lander Crash: ESA |work=Space.com |date=21 October 2016 |access-date=21 October 2016 }}

rowspan="3" | 44

| rowspan="3" |InSight

| InSight

| rowspan="3" | {{dts|5 May 2018}}{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=InSight Mars lander escapes cancellation, aims for 2018 launch |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/03/09/insight-mars-lander-escapes-cancellation-aims-for-2018-launch/ |work=Spaceflight Now |date=9 March 2016 |access-date=9 March 2016 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Reschedules Mars InSight Mission for May 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/10/science/nasa-reschedules-mars-insight-mission-for-may-2018.html |date=9 March 2016 |work=New York Times |access-date=9 March 2016 }}

| rowspan="3" | NASA
{{USA}}

| Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Landed on 26 November 2018. Last contact 15 December 2022.{{Cite web |title=NASA InSight – Dec. 19, 2022 – Mars InSight |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/insight/2022/12/19/nasa-insight-dec-19-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |date=19 December 2022 |language=en-US}}

| rowspan="3" | Atlas V 401

MarCO A

| Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 29 December 2018.

MarCO B

|Flyby

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 4 January 2019.

id="2020"

| 45

| Emirates Mars Mission

| Hope

| {{dts|19 July 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/07/14/h-2a-emirates-mars-mission-mission-status-center/|title=Live coverage: Launch of Emirates Mars Mission rescheduled for Sunday|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 July 2020|access-date=19 July 2020}}

| MBRSC
{{UAE}}

| Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

| Entered orbit on 9 February 2021.{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-02-uae-probe-trio-mars-missions.html|title=UAE's 'Hope' probe to be first in trio of Mars missions|publisher=Phys.Org|date=7 February 2021|access-date=8 February 2021}}{{Cite web|date=2021-02-09|title=UAE's Hope Probe on its Way to Glory|url=https://crosslink.ae/uaes-hope-probe-on-its-way-to-glory/|access-date=2021-03-03|language=en-US}}{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/09/world/uae-hope-probe-mars-mission-orbit-scn-trnd/index.html|title=The UAE's Hope Probe has successfully entered orbit around Mars|publisher=cnn.com|date=9 February 2021|access-date=9 February 2021}}

| H-IIA

rowspan="5" |46

| rowspan="5" |Tianwen-1

|Tianwen-1 orbiter

| rowspan="5" | {{dts|23 July 2020}}{{Cite news|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=23 July 2020|title=China's Mars rover rockets away from Earth|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53504797|access-date=23 July 2020}}{{Cite web|title=天外送祝福，月圆迎华诞——天问一号以"自拍国旗"祝福祖国71华诞|url=http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3OTA2ODgxMQ==&mid=2649795427&idx=1&sn=7ef1ec1c2beb3e5a383e0f509cdf34d8&chksm=87bd2087b0caa9910166cd41bf8af32d88628c0cbaa232cb5aa93e5a4fee9913c0765b18a916#rd|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform}}

| rowspan="5" |CNSA
{{CHN}}

|Orbiter

| {{usually|{{hs|5}} Operational}}

|Entered orbit on 10 February 2021

| rowspan="5" |{{nowrap|Long March 5}}

Tianwen-1 lander

|Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|Landed on 14 May 2021

Zhurong rover

|Rover

| {{yes|{{hs|5}}Successful}}

|Landed on 14 May 2021{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=CGNT on twitter|url=https://twitter.com/CGTNOfficial/status/1393365096609435648|access-date=14 May 2021|quote=China's Tianwen-1 probe lands on}} Deployed by the Tianwen-1 lander on 22 May 2021. Became inactive on 20 May 2022.

Tianwen-1 Remote Camera

|Lander

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|Landed on 14 May 2021 Deployed by the Zhurong rover on 1 June 2021.{{Cite web|title=The scientific image map was unveiled, and it was a one-time tour! my country's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/w_3t4yp7pGjSMl7CTJ1-Gw|access-date=6 June 2021|quote=The picture of the "touring group photo" shows the rover traveling about 10 meters south of the landing platform, releasing the separate camera installed at the bottom of the vehicle, and then retreating to the vicinity of the landing platform.}}

Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 2{{Cite web|date=1 January 2022|title=New Year's Day greetings-China National Space Administration releases the images returned by the Tianwen-1 probe|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hUJHZD10VONAulzIXnfFtA}}

|Orbiter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

|Entered orbit on 10 February 2021, deployed 31 December 2021

rowspan="2" | 47

| rowspan="2" |Mars 2020

|Perseverance

| rowspan="2" | {{dts|30 July 2020}}{{Cite web|title=Nasa Mars rover: Perseverance launches from Florida|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-53567859|access-date=30 July 2020|website=BBC News|date=30 July 2020 |language=en-gb}}

| rowspan="2" |NASA
{{USA}}

| Rover, helicopter | Rover

| {{usually|{{hs|5}}Operational}}

|Landed on 18 February 2021{{Cite web|last=mars.nasa.gov|title=Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en}}

| rowspan="2" |Atlas V 541

Ingenuity

|Helicopter

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| First aerodynamic flight on another planet. Landed with Perseverance rover on 18 February 2021.{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=NASA Mars|quote=A technology demonstration to test the first powered flight on Mars.}} Deployed from rover on 3 April 2021. First flight achieved on April 19, 2021.{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1KolyCqICI|title=First Flight of the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter: Live from Mission Control|publisher=NASA|via=YouTube |date=19 April 2021|access-date=19 April 2021}} Retired on 25 January 2024 due to sustained rotor blade damage.

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

| –

| Psyche

| Psyche

| 13 October 2023

| NASA
{{USA}}

|Flyby
(Gravity assist)

|{{usually|{{hs|5}}Enroute}}

| Gravity assist en route to 16 Psyche in May 2026{{cite web | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/13/world/psyche-metal-asteroid-nasa-launch-scn/index.html | title=NASA launches a spacecraft to visit Psyche, an unseen metal world | date=October 13, 2023 }}

|Falcon Heavy

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

| –

| Hera

| Hera

| 7 October 2024

| ESA
23px

|Flyby
(Gravity assist)

|{{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby in March 2025 en route to 65803 Didymos

|Falcon 9

style="background-color:#cccccc;"

| –

| Europa Clipper

| Europa Clipper

| 14 October 2024

| NASA
{{USA}}

|Flyby
(Gravity assist)

| {{yes|{{hs|4}}Successful}}

| Flyby in March 2025 en route to Jupiter and Europa

|Falcon Heavy

Landing locations

{{Clear}}

File:PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg

{{Clear}}

In 1999, Mars Climate Orbiter accidentally entered Mars' atmosphere and either burnt up or left Mars' orbit on an unknown trajectory.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}

There are a number of derelict spacecraft orbiting Mars whose location is not known precisely. There is a proposal to use the Optical Navigation Camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to search for small moons, dust rings and old orbiters.{{Cite web|last1=Adler|first1=Mark|last2=Owen|first2=W.|last3=Riedel|first3=J.|date=|title=Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration (2012)|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/marsconcepts2012/pdf/4337.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=}} As of 2016, there were believed to be eight derelict spacecraft in orbit around Mars (barring unforeseen event).{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=A Chronology of Mars Exploration|url=https://history.nasa.gov/marschro.htm|access-date=12 February 2021|website=NASA}} The Viking 1 orbiter was not expected to decay until at least 2019.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Viking 1 Orbiter|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075A|access-date=12 February 2021|website=NASA}} Mariner 9, which entered Mars orbit in 1971, was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when it was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up, or crash into the planet's surface.[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514043808/http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask-academy/issues/volume4/ata_4-9_mariner_9_prt.htm NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9], 29 November 2011 – Vol. 4, Issue 9

{{see also|List of Mars orbiters}}

= Timeline =

{{Timeline of Mars landers and rovers}}

Missions to the moons of Mars

File:Stickney mro.jpg]]

File:Gaspra Phobos Deimos.jpg]]

File:Phobosmgs.gif }}]]

There have also have been proposed missions dedicated to explore the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. Many missions to Mars have also included dedicated observations of the moons, while this section is about missions focused solely on them. There have been three unsuccessful dedicated missions and many proposals. Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives.

; Past missions

Three missions to land on Phobos have been launched; the Soviet Phobos program in the late 1980s saw the launch of Phobos 1 and Phobos 2, while the Russian Fobos-Grunt sample return mission was launched in 2011. None of these missions were successful: Phobos 1 failed en route to Mars, Phobos 2 failed shortly before landing, and Fobos-Grunt never left low Earth orbit.

class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"

! Launched mission !! Target

Reference
Phobos 1Phobos
Phobos 2Phobos
Fobos-GruntPhobos

; Planned missions

In Japan, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) is developing a sample return mission to Phobos.{{cite web |url=http://www.elsi.jp/ja/research/docs/Introduction-PDSR-IntlRv-151102.pdf#page=22 |title=Introduction to JAXA's Exploration of the Two Moons of Mars, with Sample Return from Phobos |publisher=Phobos/Deimos Sample Return Mission Study Team |format=PDF |date=26 October 2015 |access-date=22 December 2015}}{{cite news |date=4 January 2016 |title=JAXA、火星衛星「フォボス」探査…２２年に |url =http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/science/20160104-OYT1T50063.html |archive-url =https://archive.today/20160104080052/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/science/20160104-OYT1T50063.html |url-status =dead |archive-date =4 January 2016 |language=ja |newspaper=The Yomiuri Shimbun |access-date=4 February 2016 }} This mission is called Martian Moons eXploration (MMX){{cite web |url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/isasnews/backnumber/2016/ISASnews418.pdf#page=3 |title=ISASニュース 2016.1 No.418 |publisher=Institute of Space and Astronautical Science |format=PDF |date=22 January 2016 |access-date=4 February 2016 |language=ja}} and is a flagship Strategic Large Mission.{{cite web |url=http://www8.cao.go.jp/space/comittee/27-kagaku/kagaku-dai3/siryou4-3.pdf#page=2 |script-title=ja:宇宙科学・探査分野 工程表取り組み状況について その3 |publisher=Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency |format=PDF |date=13 October 2015|language=ja |access-date=21 December 2015}} MMX will build on the expertise the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) would gain through the Hayabusa2 and SLIM missions.{{cite news |last=Torishima |first=Shinya |date=19 June 2015 |title=JAXAの「火星の衛星からのサンプル・リターン」計画とは |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/series/jaxa_mars/001/ |language=ja |newspaper=Mynavi News |access-date=6 October 2015 }} As of December 2023, MMX is scheduled to launch in 2026.{{cite web |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/science-nature/science/20231206-154061/ |title=Japan to Delay Mars Moon Exploration by 2 Years to 2026 |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"

! Planned mission !! Target

Reference
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)Phobos and Deimos

; Past proposals

There have been at least three proposals in the United States Discovery Program, including PADME, PANDORA, and MERLIN. The ESA has also considered a sample return mission, one of the latest known as Martian Moon Sample Return or MMSR, and it may use heritage from an asteroid sample return mission.{{Cite journal|last1=Michel|first1=P.|last2=Agnolon|first2=D.|last3=Brucato|first3=J.|last4=Gondet|first4=B.|last5=Korablev|first5=O.|last6=Koschny|first6=D.|last7=Schmitz|first7=N.|last8=Willner|first8=K.|last9=Zacharov|first9=A.|date=2 October 2011|title=MMSR - a study for a Martian Moon Sample Return mission|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011epsc.conf..849M/abstract|access-date=12 February 2021|journal=Astrophysics Data System|volume=2011|page=849|bibcode=2011epsc.conf..849M}}

Osiris-Rex 2 was a proposal to make OR a double mission, with the other one collecting samples from the two Mars moons.{{Cite web|last=Elifritz|first=T.L|date=|title=OSIRIS-REx II to Mars - Mars Sample Return from Phobos and Deimos - A Mars Mission Proposal|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/marsconcepts2012/pdf/4017.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Universities Space Research Association}} In 2012, it was stated that this mission would be both the quickest and least expensive way to get samples from the Moons.

The 'Red Rocks Project,' a part of Lockheed Martin's "Stepping Stones to Mars" program, proposed to explore Mars robotically from Deimos.Larry Page [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/604658main_5%20-%20Orion_MPCV_-_Human_Space_Exploration_Workshop_-_San_Diego1%201.pdf Deep Space Exploration - Stepping Stones] builds up to "Red Rocks : Explore Mars from Deimos"{{Cite web|last=David|first=Leonard|date=20 April 2011|title=One Possible Small Step Toward Mars Landing: A Martian Moon|url=https://www.space.com/11437-mars-moons-exploration-astronauts-red-rocks.html|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Space.com}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"

! Proposal !! Target

Reference
AladdinPhobos and Deimos{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ALADDIN: PHOBOS-DEIMOS SAMPLE RETURN|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc97/pdf/1113.PDF|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Universities Space Research Association}}
DePhinePhobos and Deimos[https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S027311771730916X?token=96D2A63B8BA88FA521AB2571F4B5E1BCB03637AAA6079592C3C0475018F424223E3D005763ADF32673283239255A09CB DePhine: The Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer]. (PDF) Jurgen Oberst, Kai Wickhusen, Konrad Willner, Klaus Gwinner, Sofya Spiridonova, Ralph Kahle, Andrew Coates, Alain Herique, Dirk Plettemeier, Marina Dıaz-Michelena, Alexander Zakharo, Yoshifumi Futaana, Martin Patzold, Pascal Rosenblatt, David J. Lawrence, Valery Lainey, Alison Gibbings, Ingo Gerth. Advances in Space Research. Volume 62, Issue 8. pp: 2220-2238. 15 October 2018. {{doi|10.1016/j.asr.2017.12.028}}
DSRDeimos{{Cite web|last=Renton|first=D.C|date=26 April 2005|title=SMALL BODY SAMPLE RETURN TO DEIMOS|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/future-missions-department/-/37067-small-body-sample-return-to-deimos|access-date=12 February 2021|website=ESA}}
GulliverDeimos{{Cite web|last=Britt|first=D.|date=|title=The Gulliver Mission: Sample Return from Deimos|url=https://meetings.copernicus.org/epsc2010/abstracts/EPSC2010-463.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=European Planetary Science Congress}}
HallPhobos and Deimos{{Cite web|url=http://www.marsinstitute.info/rd/docs/plee/1633.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729042044/http://www.marsinstitute.info/rd/docs/plee/1633.pdf|url-status=dead|title=P. Lee, et al. - Hall: A Phobos and Deimos Sample Return Mission|archivedate=29 July 2012}}
M-PADS| Phobos and Deimos[http://oro.open.ac.uk/10715/1/Mars_Phobos_and_Deimos_Survey_revised2.pdf Mars Phobos and Deimos Survey (M-PADS)–A Martian Moons Orbiter and Phobos Lander] (Ball, Andrew J.; Price, Michael E.; Walker, Roger J.; Dando, Glyn C.; Wells, Nigel S. and Zarnecki,

John C. (2009). Mars Phobos and Deimos Survey (M-PADS)–A Martian Moons Orbiter and Phobos Lander. Advances in Space Research, 43(1), pp. 120–127.)

MerlinPhobos and Deimos{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.014 | volume=93 | title=MERLIN: Mars-Moon Exploration, Reconnaissance and Landed Investigation | year=2014 | journal=Acta Astronautica | pages=475–482 | last1 = Murchie | first1 = S. | last2 = Eng | first2 = D. | last3 = Chabot | first3 = N. | last4 = Guo | first4 = Y. | last5 = Arvidson | first5 = R. | last6 = Yen | first6 = A. | last7 = Trebi-Ollennu | first7 = A. | last8 = Seelos | first8 = F. | last9 = Adams | first9 = E. | last10 = Fountain | first10 = G.| bibcode = 2014AcAau..93..475M }}
MMSR (2011 ver.)Phobos or Deimos
OSIRIS-REx 2Phobos or Deimos{{Cite journal|last=Elifritz|first=T.L|title=OSIRIS-REx II to Mars — Mars Sample Return from Phobos and Deimos|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1679.4017E/abstract|access-date=12 February 2021|journal=Astrophysics Data System|year=2012|volume=1679|page=4017|bibcode=2012LPICo1679.4017E}}
PandoraPhobos and Deimos[http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/van-kane/20150810-merlin-proposal-to-explore-the-martian-moons.html MERLIN: The Creative Choices Behind a Proposal to Explore the Martian Moons] (Merlin and PADME info also)
PCROSSPhobos[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPICo1679.4180C PCROSS], Phobos Close {{sic|Rendevous}} Observation Sensing Satellite, Colaprete, A, et al.
Phobos SurveyorPhobos{{Cite web|last=Fischer|first=Maria|date=16 January 2013|title=Mothership and her Hedgehogs: New Concept for Exploring Phobos|url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-exploration/deep-space/mothership-hedgehogs-concept-exploring-phobos/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Space Safety Magazine}}
PRIMEPhobos{{Cite web|url=http://www.marsinstitute.info/docs/PRIME.Poster.061018.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510140554/http://www.marsinstitute.info/docs/PRIME.Poster.061018.pdf|url-status=dead|title=PRIME|archivedate=10 May 2008}}
Fobos-Grunt 2Phobos{{Cite web|last=Pultarova|first=Tereza|date=22 October 2012|title=Phobos-Grunt 2 Bound for Launch in 2020, Russians Confirmed While Celebrating Sputnik|url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-debris/phobos-grunt/phobos-grunt-2-bound-launch-2020-russians-confirmed-celebrating-sputnik/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Space Safety Magazine}}
PhootprintPhobos{{cite conference |last1=Barraclough |first1=Simon |last2=Ratcliffe |first2=Andrew |last3=Buchwald |first3=Robert |last4=Scheer |first4=Heloise |last5=Chapuy |first5=Marc |last6=Garland |first6=Martin |title=Phootprint: A European Phobos Sample Return Mission |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/docs/03_Phootprint_A%20European%20Phobos%20Sample%20Return%20Mission_Ratcliffe.pdf |conference=11th International Planetary Probe Workshop |publisher=Airbus Defense and Space |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129204028/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/docs/03_Phootprint_A%20European%20Phobos%20Sample%20Return%20Mission_Ratcliffe.pdf |archive-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal |title=Phootprint - A Phobos sample return mission study |volume=40 |pages=B0.4–9–14 |last1=Koschny |first1=Detlef |last2=Svedhem |first2=Håkan |first3=Denis |last3=Rebuffat |journal=ESA |date= 2 August 2014 |bibcode=2014cosp...40E1592K}}
PADMEPhobos and Deimos{{cite conference |last1=Lee |first1=Pascal |last2=Bicay |first2=Michael |last3=Colapre |first3=Anthony |last4=Elphic |first4=Richard |title=Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment (PADME): A LADEE-Derived Mission to Explore Mars's Moons and the Martian Orbital Environment. |url=http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/2288.pdf |conference=45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014) |conference-url=http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/ |date= 17–21 March 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Reyes |first=Tim |url=http://www.universetoday.com/114871/making-the-case-for-a-mission-to-the-martian-moon-phobos/ |title=Making the Case for a Mission to the Martian Moon Phobos |work=Universe Today |date=1 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 }}

Statistics

= Summary =

{{Bar graph

| title = Launches to Mars

| float =

| bar_width = 16

| width_units = em

| data_max = 14

| label_type = Decade

| data_type = #

| label1 = 1960s

| data1 = 12

| label2 = 1970s

| data2 = 11

| label3 = 1980s

| data3 = 2

| label4 = 1990s

| data4 = 7

| label5 = 2000s

| data5 = 8

| label6 = 2010s

| data6 = 6

| label7 = 2020s

| data7 = 4

}}

=Mission milestone by country=

;Legend

{{legend inline|#9EFF9E|Achieved|outline=silver}}

{{legend inline|#FFC7C7|Failed attempt|outline=silver}}

† First to achieve

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Mars missions

!Country/Agency

!Flyby

!Orbit

!Impact

!Lander

!Rover

!Powered flight

!Sample return

!Crewed Landing

{{Flagicon|USA}} United States

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Mariner 4, 1965 †

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Mariner 9, 1971 †

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Mars Polar Lander, 1999

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Viking 1, 1976

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Sojourner, 1997 †

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"| Ingenuity, 2021 †

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | —

{{flagicon|China}} China

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"| Tianwen-1, 2021

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | Tianwen-1, 2021

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | —

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | Tianwen-1, 2021

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Zhurong, 2021

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | —

{{flagicon|USSR}} Soviet Union

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Mars 2, 1971

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Mars 2, 1971

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Mars 2 Lander, 1971 †

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Mars 3, 1971 †

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | PrOP-M, 1971

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | —

23px ESA

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | Mars Express, 2003

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | Mars Express, 2003

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | Schiaparelli EDM, 2016

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | Schiaparelli EDM, 2016

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | —

{{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | Beagle 2, 2003

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | Beagle 2, 2003

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | Beagle 2, 2003{{efn|While Beagle 2 had landed intact, it failed to establish communication.}}

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | TGO, 2016

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | TGO, 2016

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | Mars 96, 1996

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | Mars 96, 1996

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5" | —

{{flagicon|India}} India

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | MOM, 2014

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4" | MOM, 2014

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | —

{{Flagicon|UAE}} UAE

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | Hope, 2021

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6" | Hope, 2021

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7" | —

{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} Japan

|style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3" | Nozomi, 1998

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8" | Nozomi, 1998

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9" | —

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Phobos missions

!Country/Agency

!Impact

!Lander

!Rover

!Sample return

{{flagicon|USSR}} Soviet Union

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" |Phobos 1, 1988

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Phobos 1, 1988

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Phobos 1, 1988

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | —

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | Fobos-Grunt, 2011

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"| Fobos-Grunt, 2011

|style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2" | —

|style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1" | Fobos-Grunt, 2011

=Missions by organization/company=

class="wikitable"

!Country

!{{nowrap|Agency or company}}

!Successful

!Partial failure

!Failure

!Operational

!Gravity assist

!Total

{{flag|United States}}

|NASA

|13

| -

|5

|4

|1

|23

{{flagicon|USSR}} Soviet Union

|Energia

|1

|6

|10

| -

| -

|17

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia

|Roscosmos

| -

|1

|2

| -

| -

|3

23px ESA

|ESA

| -

|2

| -

| -

|1

|3

{{flag|China}}

|CNSA

| 1

| -

| 1

|1

| -

|2

{{flag|India}}

|ISRO

| 1

| -

| -

| -

| -

|1

{{nowrap|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}}}

|UAESA

| 1

| -

| -

|1

| -

|1

{{flag|Japan}}

|ISAS

| -

| -

|1

| -

| -

|1

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

|NSC

| -

| -

|1

| -

| -

|1

Future missions

=Under development=

class="wikitable sortable"

! Name

! Proposed
launch date

! Type

! Status

! Reference

{{flagicon|USA}} EscaPADE

| NET Spring 2025

| Two orbiters

| under development

| {{cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/09/new-glenns-debut-will-slip-into-november-as-nasa-decides-to-not-fuel-escapade// |title=Faced with a tight deadline, NASA and Blue Origin agree to delay New Glenn debut |work=ArsTechnica |date=6 September 2024|access-date=8 September 2024}}

{{flagicon|Japan}}{{flagicon|Germany}} Martian Moons eXploration

| 2026

| Phobos sample return mission

| under development

|

{{flagicon|China}} Tianwen-3

| 2028

| Mars sample return mission

| under development

| {{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=20 June 2022 |title=China aims to bring Mars samples to Earth 2 years before NASA, ESA mission |url=https://spacenews.com/china-aims-to-bring-mars-samples-to-earth-2-years-before-nasa-esa-mission/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=SpaceNews}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} TEREX

| Mid 2020s

| Orbiter

| planned

|{{cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000462914.pdf |script-title=ja:惑星資源探査 ⼩型テラヘルツ探査機 |publisher=National Institute of Information and Communications Technology |date=25 January 2017|language=ja |access-date=13 May 2017}}

23px Rosalind Franklin

| 2028

| Rover

| under development

|

{{flagicon|India}} Mars Lander Mission

| 2031

| Orbiter, lander, rover, aircraft

| under development

| {{Cite web|title=Unmanned helicopter likely to join India's second space odyssey to Mars |date=5 March 2024 |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/science-and-technology/20240305-unmanned-helicopter-likely-to-join-india-s-second-space-odyssey-to-mars |publisher=rfi}}

=Proposed missions=

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
Mission

! Organisation

! Proposed
launch

! Type

First Commercial Mission to Mars

| {{flagicon|USA}} Relativity Space, Impulse Space

|2026

|Lander{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=24 May 2023 |title=Impulse and Relativity target 2026 for launch of first Mars lander mission |url=https://spacenews.com/impulse-and-relativity-target-2026-for-launch-of-first-mars-lander-mission/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |website=SPACENEWS}}

SpaceX Uncrewed Landing

| {{flagicon|USA}} SpaceX

|2026

|Uncrewed lander{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |date=October 5, 2023 |title=Elon Musk Says SpaceX Could Land on Mars in 3 to 4 Years |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/05/science/elon-musk-spacex-starship-mars.html |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=New York Times}} (SpaceX Mars colonization program)

SpaceX First Crewed Landing

| {{flagicon|USA}} SpaceX

|2028/2029

|Crewed lander{{Cite web |last=Torchinsky |first=Rina |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Elon Musk hints at a crewed mission to Mars in 2029 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/17/1087167893/elon-musk-mars-2029 |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=NPR}}

NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return

| {{flagicon|USA}}23px NASA/ESA

| NET 2030{{cite news |last1= Foust |first1= Jeff |title=NASA Mars Sample Return budget and schedule "unrealistic," independent review concludes |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-mars-sample-return-budget-and-schedule-unrealistic-independent-review-concludes/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=spacenews.com |date=21 September 2023 }}{{cite news |last1= Foust |first1= Jeff |title=NASA to delay Mars Sample Return, switch to dual-lander approach |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-delay-mars-sample-return-switch-to-dual-lander-approach/ |access-date=28 March 2022 |work=spacenews.com |date=28 March 2022 }}

| Orbiter/Lander/Return vehicle

Large Inflatable Fabric Environment

|{{flagicon|USA}} Sierra Nevada Corporation

|TBD

|Orbital habitat in Low Mars Orbit (LMO){{Cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Robert Z. |date=22 August 2019 |title=Inside Sierra Nevada's Inflatable Space Habitat for Astronauts in Lunar Orbit (Photos) |url=https://www.space.com/sierra-nevada-inflatable-habitat-moon-gateway.html |access-date=27 January 2024 |website=SPACE.com}}

International Mars Ice Mapper Mission

|{{flagicon|USA}} NASA (withdrawn){{cite news |last1= Foust |first1= Jeff |title=White House requests $26 billion for NASA for 2023 |url=https://spacenews.com/white-house-requests-26-billion-for-nasa-for-2023/ |access-date=1 April 2022 |work=spacenews.com |date=28 March 2022 }}
{{flagicon|Canada}}Canadian Space Agency
{{flagicon|Italy}}Italian Space Agency
{{flagicon|Japan}} JAXA

| 2030s{{Cite web|url=https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2024/EPSC2024-1074.html|title=International Mars Ice Mapper Mission: The combined scientific potential of Synthetic Aperture Radar, Very High Frequency (VHF) Sounding, Submillimeter Sounding, and High-Resolution Imaging for Climatology, Geology, Habitability and Human Exploration|first1=Eleonora|last1=Ammannito|first2=Marilena|last2=Amoroso|first3=Enrico|last3=Flamini|first4=Michelle A.|last4=Viotti|first5=Raffaele|last5=Mugnuolo|first6=Timothy|last6=Haltigin|first7=Etienne|last7=Boulais|first8=Sebastien|last8=Lafrance|first9=Tomohiro|last9=Usui|first10=David M. Hollibaugh|last10=Baker|first11=Richard M.|last11=Davis|first12=Michael S.|last12=Kelley|first13=Robert B.|last13=Collom|date=3 July 2024|via=meetingorganizer.copernicus.org|doi=10.5194/epsc2024-1074|doi-access=free }}

| Orbiter

Fobos-Grunt 2 and Mars-Grunt

| {{flagicon|Russia}} Roscosmos

| 2030s{{cite web |url=https://tass.com/russia/1668971 |title=Russia may launch mission to deliver soil from Mars moon after 2030 |work=TASS |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=6 August 2024}}

| Orbiter, lander, ascent vehicle, sample-return

MAGGIE

|{{flagicon|USA}} NASA

|

| Aircraft

M-MATISSE

| 23px ESA

|

| Two orbiters{{cite web |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Final_three_for_ESA_s_next_medium_science_mission |publisher=ESA |title=Final three for ESA's next medium science mission |date= 8 November 2023}}

==Unrealized concepts==

= 1970s =

  • Mars 4NM and Mars 5NM – projects intended by the Soviet Union for heavy Marsokhod (in 1973 according to initial plan of 1970) and Mars sample return (planned for 1975). The missions were to be launched on the failed N1 rocket.[http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/213/50.shtml Советский грунт с Марса] {{in lang|ru}}. novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126224924/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/213/50.shtml |date=26 November 2005 }}
  • Mars 5M (Mars-79) – double-launching Soviet sample return mission planned to 1979 but cancelled due to complexity and technical problems
  • Voyager-Mars – USA, 1970s – Two orbiters and two landers, launched by a single Saturn V rocket.

= 1990s =

  • Vesta – the multiaimed Soviet mission, developed in cooperation with European countries for realisation in 1991–1994 but canceled due to the Soviet Union disbanding, included the flyby of Mars with delivering the aerostat and small landers or penetrators followed by flybys of 1 Ceres or 4 Vesta and some other asteroids with impact of penetrator on the one of them.
  • Mars Aerostat – Russian/French balloon part for cancelled Vesta mission and then for failed Mars 96 mission,C. Tarrieu, "Status of the Mars 96 Aerostat Development", Paper IAF-93-Q.3.399, 44th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, 1993. originally planned for the 1992 launch window, postponed to 1994 and then to 1996 before being cancelled.P.B. de Selding, "Planned French Balloon May Be Dropped", Space News, 17–23 April 1995, pp. 1, 20
  • Mars Together, combined U.S. and Russian mission study in the 1990s. To be launched by a Molniya with possible U.S. orbiter or lander.{{cite web|url=http://mars.nasa.gov/MPF//martianchronicle/martianchron5/marstog5.html|title=Mars Together Update|website=nasa.gov|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://mars.nasa.gov/MPF//martianchronicle/martianchron3/marschro34.html|title=Mars Together: An Update|website=nasa.gov|access-date=9 February 2017}}
  • Mars Environmental Survey – set of 16 landers planned for 1999–2009
  • Mars-98 – Russian mission including an orbiter, lander, and rover, planned for 1998 launch opportunity as repeat of failed Mars 96 mission; cancelled due to lack of funding.{{cite web |url=https://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/01/2u/solnthe/ams/N_P_sol/m-98/m-98.html |title=Mars-98 |website=epizodsspace.airbase.ru}}

= 2000s =

  • Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander – October 2001 – Mars lander (refurbished, became Phoenix lander)
  • Kitty Hawk – Mars airplane micromission, proposed for 17 December 2003, the centennial of the Wright brothers' first flight.Oliver Morton in To Mars, En Masse, pp. 1103–04, Science (Magazine) vol. 283, 19 February 1999, {{ISSN|0036-8075}} Its funding was eventually given to the 2003 Mars Network project.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110410092809/http://www.marsnews.com/missions/airplane/ MIT Mars Airplane Project]. Marsnews.com. Retrieved on 14 August 2012.
  • NetLander – 2007 or 2009 – Mars netlanders
  • Beagle 3 – 2009 British lander mission meant to search for life, past or present.{{clarify|what happened to it?|date=June 2021}}
  • Mars Telecommunications Orbiter – September 2009 – Mars orbiter for telecommunications

= 2010s-2020s =

  • Mars One - announced in 2012, planned to land a demo lander on Mars by 2016, with a crewed landing to follow by 2023. These dates were delayed multiple times, and the project was eventually cancelled, with the company going bankrupt in 2019
  • Sky-Sailor – 2014 – Plane developed by Switzerland to take detailed pictures of Mars surface
  • Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher – 2018 rover concept, cancelled due to budget cuts in 2011. Sample cache goal later moved to Mars 2020 rover.{{Cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Joseph|date=9 September 2014|title=Instruments selected for Mars 2020, NASA's latest rover|url=https://astrobites.org/2014/09/09/mars-2020/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Astrobites.org}}
  • Red Dragon – Derivative of a Dragon 2 capsule by SpaceX, designed to land by aerobraking and retropropulsion. Planned for 2018, then 2020. Canceled in favor of the Starship system.
  • Tumbleweed rover, wind-propelled sphere[http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=486 Exploring Mars: Blowing in the Wind?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416003224/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=486 |date=16 April 2021 }} Jpl.nasa.gov (10 August 2001). Retrieved on 2012-08-14.

File:PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg

See also

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

{{div col end}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Spacecraft by destination}}

{{NASA planetary exploration programs}}

{{Mars spacecraft}}

{{Mars}}

{{Portal bar|Solar System|Space|Spaceflight}}

Category:Mars

Mars