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Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set#18

{{Short description|Character encoding system}}

The Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set (LMBCS) is a proprietary multi-byte character encoding originally conceived in 1988 at Lotus Development Corporation with input from Bob Balaban and others. Created around the same time and addressing some of the same problems, LMBCS could be viewed as parallel development and possible alternative to Unicode. For maximum compatibility, later issues of LMBCS incorporate UTF-16 as a subset.

Commercially, LMBCS was first introduced as the default character set of Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3 for DOS in March 1989 and Lotus 1-2-3/G Release 1 for OS/2 in 1990 replacing the 8-bit Lotus International Character Set (LICS) and ASCII used in earlier DOS-only versions of Lotus 1-2-3 and Symphony. LMBCS is also used in IBM/Lotus SmartSuite, Notes and Domino, as well as in a number of third-party products.

LMBCS encodes the characters required for languages using the Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Greek and Cyrillic scripts, the Thai, Chinese, Japanese and Korean writing systems, and technical symbols.

{{anchor|Canonical|Compressed|1|2|3|4|5|6|8|11|16|17|18|19}}Encodings

Technically, LMBCS is a lead-byte encoding where code point 00hex as well as code points 20hex (32) to 7Fhex (127) are identical to ASCII (as well as to LICS).

Code point 00hex is always treated as NUL character to ensure maximum code compatibility with existing software libraries dealing with null-terminated strings in many programming languages such as C.{{efn|name="NB_C"}} This applies even to the UTF-16be codes, where code words with the form xx00hex are mapped to private-use codes with the form F6xxhex during encoding in order to avoid the use of NUL bytes, and to escaped control characters, where 20hex is added to the C0 (but not C1) control characters following the 0Fhex lead byte.

Code points 01hex to 1Fhex, which serve as control codes in ASCII, are used as lead bytes to switch the definition of code points above 7Fhex between several code groups (similar to code pages) and at the same time determine either a single- or multi-byte nature for the corresponding code group.

For example, code group 1 (with group byte 01hex) is almost identical to the SBCS code page 850, whereas code group 16 (with group byte 10hex) is similar to the Japanese MBCS code page 932. Multi-byte characters can thus occupy two or three bytes.

In canonical LMBCS, each character starts with its group byte.

To reduce the length, in optimized or compressed LMBCS a default code group or optimization group code can be defined on a per application or process basis (ideally chosen according to the highest likelihood of occurrence) and must be communicated to the interpreting code in some way (f.e. by specifying the corresponding "LMBCS-n" name). Thereby, the group byte can be omitted for these characters. Lotus 1-2-3 retrieves the optimization group code from the file header of the corresponding source file, whereas for Lotus Notes the optimization group code is fixed to be always 01hex.

class="wikitable sortable"
| Default

!| Group

!| Bytes

!| Description

N/A

| 00hex

| 1

| NUL

data-sort-value="LMBCS-01"|LMBCS-1

| 01hex

| 2

| Code page 850 (DOS Latin-1)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-02"|LMBCS-2

| 02hex

| 2

| Code page 851 (DOS Greek)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-03"|LMBCS-3

| 03hex

| 2

| Code page 1255 (Windows Hebrew)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-04"|LMBCS-4

| 04hex

| 2

| Code page 1256 (Windows Arabic)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-05"|LMBCS-5

| 05hex

| 2

| Code page 1251 (Windows Cyrillic)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-06"|LMBCS-6

| 06hex

| 2

| Code page 852 (DOS Latin-2)

N/A

| 07hex

| 1

| BEL

data-sort-value="LMBCS-08"|LMBCS-8

| 08hex

| 2

| Code page 1254 (Windows Turkish)

N/A

| 09hex

| 1

| TAB

N/A

| 0Ahex

| 1

| LF

data-sort-value="LMBCS-11"|LMBCS-11

| 0Bhex

| 2

| Code page 874 (Thai)

data-sort-value="(LMBCS-12)"|(LMBCS-12)

| 0Chex

| 2

| Reserved

N/A

| 0Dhex

| 1

| CR

data-sort-value="(LMBCS-14)"|(LMBCS-14)

| 0Ehex

| 2

| Reserved

data-sort-value="(LMBCS-15)"|(LMBCS-15)

| 0Fhex

| 2

| Remapped C0/C1 control codes

data-sort-value="LMBCS-16"|LMBCS-16

| 10hex

| 3

| Code page 932/943 (Japanese / Shift-JIS)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-17"|LMBCS-17

| 11hex

| 3

| Code page 949/1261 (Korean)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-18"|LMBCS-18

| 12hex

| 3

| Code page 950 (Traditional Chinese / Taiwan / Big5)

data-sort-value="LMBCS-19"|LMBCS-19

| 13hex

| 3

| Code page 936/1386 (Simplified Chinese)

data-sort-value="(LMBCS-20)"|(LMBCS-20)

| 14hex

| 3

| UTF-16 (Unicode)

N/A

| 15hex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 16hex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 17hex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 18hex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 19hex

| 1

| Lotus 1-2-3 system range

N/A

| 1Ahex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 1Bhex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 1Chex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 1Dhex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 1Ehex

| 3

| Reserved

N/A

| 1Fhex

| 3

| Reserved

Character set

Without prefix byte the code points 32 (20hex) to 127 (7Fhex) are interpreted as follows (corresponding to LMBCS codes 32 to 127):

{{chset-table-header1|Single byte codes (ASCII/ISO-646-US)}}
{{chset-left1|2x}}

|{{chset-ctrl1|U+0020 SPACE| SP }}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK|!}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0022 QUOTATION MARK|"}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0023 NUMBER SIGN|#}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN|$}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0025 PERCENT SIGN|%}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0026 AMPERSAND|&}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0027 APOSTROPHE|'}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS|(}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS|)}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002A ASTERISK|*}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002B PLUS SIGN|+}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002C COMMA|,}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS|-}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002E FULL STOP|.}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+002F SOLIDUS|/}}

{{chset-left1|3x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0030 DIGIT ZERO|0}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0031 DIGIT ONE|1}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0032 DIGIT TWO|2}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0033 DIGIT THREE|3}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0034 DIGIT FOUR|4}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0035 DIGIT FIVE|5}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0036 DIGIT SIX|6}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN|7}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT|8}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0039 DIGIT NINE|9}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003A COLON|:}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003B SEMICOLON|;}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN|<}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003D EQUALS SIGN|=}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN|>}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+003F QUESTION MARK|?}}

{{chset-left1|4x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT|@}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|A}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|B}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|C}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|D}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|E}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|F}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|G}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|H}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|I}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|J}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|K}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|L}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|M}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|N}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|O}}

{{chset-left1|5x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|P}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|Q}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|R}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|S}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|T}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|U}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|V}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|W}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|X}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|Y}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|Z}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|[}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS|\}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET|]}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|^}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005F LOW LINE|_}}

{{chset-left1|6x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT|`}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A|a}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B|b}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C|c}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D|d}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E|e}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F|f}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G|g}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H|h}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I|i}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J|j}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K|k}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L|l}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M|m}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N|n}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O|o}}

{{chset-left1|7x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P|p}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|q}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R|r}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S|s}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T|t}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U|u}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V|v}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W|w}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X|x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|y}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|z}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007B LEFT CURLY BRACKET|{}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007C VERTICAL LINE|{{pipe}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET|Braces (punctuation)

}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007E TILDE|~}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007F /2302|DEL (control code)/⌂}}

|}

= Group 1 =

LMBCS group 1 code points 128 (80hex) to 255 (FFhex) are identical to the corresponding code points in code page 850 (DOS Latin-1), whereas code points 1 (01hex) to 127 (7Fhex) are defined according to the following exception list (corresponding to LMBCS codes 256 to 383):

{{chset-table-header1|LMBCS Group 1, lower half}}
{{chset-left1|0x}}

|{{chset-ctrl1|U+0000 NULL|NUL}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+263A WHITE SMILING FACE|☺}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+263B BLACK SMILING FACE|☻}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2665 BLACK HEART SUIT|♥}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2666 BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|♦}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2663 BLACK CLUB SUIT|♣}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2660 BLACK SPADE SUIT|♠}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2022 BULLET|•}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25D8 INVERSE BULLET|◘}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25CB WHITE CIRCLE|○}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25D9 INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|◙}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2642 MALE SIGN|♂}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2640 FEMALE SIGN|♀}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+266A EIGHTH NOTE|♪}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+266B BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|♫}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+263C WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|☼}}

{{chset-left1|1x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25BA BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|►}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25C4 BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|◄}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2195 UP DOWN ARROW|↕}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+203C DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|‼}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00B6 PILCROW SIGN|}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00A7 SECTION SIGN|§}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25AC BLACK RECTANGLE|▬}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21A8 UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|↨}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2191 UPWARDS ARROW|↑}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2193 DOWNWARDS ARROW|↓}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2192 RIGHTWARDS ARROW|→}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2190 LEFTWARDS ARROW|←}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+221F RIGHT ANGLE|∟}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2194 LEFT RIGHT ARROW|↔}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25B2 BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|▲}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25BC BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|▼}}

{{chset-left1|2x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00A8 DIAERESIS|¨}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007E TILDE|~}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02DA RING ABOVE|˚}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|^}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT|`}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00B4 ACUTE ACCENT|´}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+201C LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|“}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0027 APOSTROPHE|'}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2026 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|…}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2013 EN DASH

fn={{efn|name="hyphendash"|‐ (U+2010), ‑ (U+2011), ‒ (U+2012), – (U+2013)}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2014 EM DASH|—}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|‘|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|’|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2039 SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|‹}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+203A SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|›}}

{{chset-left1|3x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00A8 DIAERESIS|¨|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007E TILDE|~|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02DA RING ABOVE|˚|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|^|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT|`|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00B4 ACUTE ACCENT|´|fn={{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+201E DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|„}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+201A SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|‚}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+201D RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|”}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2017 DOUBLE LOW LINE|‗}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-ctrl1|U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE|NBSP|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER|�|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|4x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE|Œ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE|œ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0178 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|Ÿ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02D9 DOT ABOVE|˙|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02DA RING ABOVE|˚|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}{{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+255E BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+255F BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+258C LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2590 RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+25CA LOZENGE|◊|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2318 PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|⌘|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F8FF Private use|{{PUA|}}|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F8FE Private use|{{PUA|}}|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2126 OHM SIGN|Ω|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|5x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2568 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2564 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2565 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2559 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2558 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2552 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2553 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+256B BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+256A BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2561 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2562 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2556 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2555 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+255C BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+255B BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2567 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}

{{chset-left1|6x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0133 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ|ij}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0132 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ|IJ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI|fi}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL|fl}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0149 LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE|ʼn}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0140 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|ŀ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+013F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|Ŀ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+00AF MACRON|¯|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02D8 BREVE|˘|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02DD DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|˝|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02DB OGONEK|˛|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02C7 CARON|ˇ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+007E TILDE|~|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}{{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|^|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}{{efn|name=NB_R5}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|7x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2020 DAGGER|†}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2021 DOUBLE DAGGER|‡}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0126 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE|Ħ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0127 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE|ħ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0166 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE|Ŧ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0167 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE|ŧ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2122 TRADE MARK SIGN|™}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2113 SCRIPT SMALL L|ℓ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+014A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG|Ŋ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+014B LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG|ŋ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0138 LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA|ĸ|fn={{efn|name=NB_DOS31}}}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

Kr|style=background:#FFD|fn={{efn|name=NB_Kr}}}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2310 REVERSED NOT SIGN|⌐}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+20A4 LIRA SIGN|₤}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+20A7 PESETA SIGN|₧}}

{{legend|#FFD|U+Mapped to a Unicode private use character}}

= Group 2 =

LMBCS group 2 code points 128 (80hex) to 255 (FFhex) are identical to the corresponding code points in code page 851 (DOS Greek), whereas code points 1 (01hex) to 127 (7Fhex) are defined according to the following exception list:{{efn|name="NB_DOS31_Many"}}

{{chset-table-header1|LMBCS Group 2, lower half}}
{{chset-left1|0x}}

|{{chset-ctrl1|U+0000 NULL|NUL}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+037A GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|ͺ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0385 GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|΅}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+03AA GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|Ϊ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+03AB GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|Ϋ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR|―}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0384 GREEK TONOS|΄}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE|ʼ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+02BD MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA|ʽ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+203E OVERLINE|‾}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F862 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F863 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

{{chset-left1|1x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F864 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F865 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D5 UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|⇕}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+215E VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|⅞}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+215D VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|⅝}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+215C VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|⅜}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+215B VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|⅛}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F867 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D1 UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇑}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D3 DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇓}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D2 RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇒}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D0 LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|⇐}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F868 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+21D4 LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|⇔}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F869 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89F Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

{{chset-left1|2x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89E Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89D Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89C Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89B Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F89A Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F899 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F898 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F897 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F896 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F895 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F894 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F893 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F892 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F891 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F890 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88F Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

{{chset-left1|3x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88E Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88D Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88C Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88B Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F88A Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F889 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F888 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F887 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F886 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F885 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F884 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F883 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F882 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F881 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F880 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F866 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

{{chset-left1|4x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2220 ANGLE|∠}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2207 NABLA|∇}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87F Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87E Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87D Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87C Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87B Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F87A Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F879 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F878 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F877 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F876 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F875 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F874 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F873 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F872 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

{{chset-left1|5x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2202 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|∂}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2135 ALEF SYMBOL|ℵ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2111 BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|ℑ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+211C BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|ℜ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F871 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F870 Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86F Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86E Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86D Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86C Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86B Private use|{{PUA|}}|style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+220B CONTAINS AS MEMBER|∋}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2208 ELEMENT OF|∈}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2209 NOT AN ELEMENT OF|∉}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2286 SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊆}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2287 SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|⊇}}

{{chset-left1|6x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2297 CIRCLED TIMES|⊗}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2295 CIRCLED PLUS|⊕}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2713 CHECK MARK|✓}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+22C0 N-ARY LOGICAL AND|⋀}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2201 COMPLEMENT|∁}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+222B INTEGRAL|∫}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2200 FOR ALL|∀}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2203 THERE EXISTS|∃}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+F86A Private use||style=background:#FFD}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2032 PRIME|′}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2033 DOUBLE PRIME|″}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+221E INFINITY|∞}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+221D PROPORTIONAL TO|∝}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI|φ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+222A UNION|∪}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2229 INTERSECTION|∩}}

{{chset-left1|7x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2261 IDENTICAL TO|≡}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2245 APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|≅}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2265 GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2264 LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2320 TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2321 BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2260 NOT EQUAL TO|≠}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2044 FRACTION SLASH|⁄}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2219 BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2030 PER MILLE SIGN|‰}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+221A SQUARE ROOT|√}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+207F SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|ⁿ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2205 EMPTY SET|∅}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2282 SUBSET OF|⊂}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+2283 SUPERSET OF|⊃}}

{{legend|#FFD|Mapped to a Unicode private use character}}

= Group 6 =

LMBCS group 6 code points 128 (80hex) to 255 (FFhex) are identical to the corresponding code points in code page 852 (DOS Latin-2), whereas code points 1 (01hex) to 127 (7Fhex) are defined according to the following exception list:{{efn|name="NB_DOS31_Many"}}

{{chset-table-header1|LMBCS Group 6, lower half}}
{{chset-left1|0x}}

|{{chset-ctrl1|U+0000 NULL|NUL}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0101 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON|ā}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0108 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|Ĉ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0109 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|ĉ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+010A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|Ċ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+010B LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|ċ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0112 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON|Ē}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0113 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON|ē}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0116 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|Ė}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0117 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|ė}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+011C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|Ĝ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+011D LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|ĝ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0120 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|Ġ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0121 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|ġ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0122 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|Ģ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0123 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|ģ}}

{{chset-left1|1x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0124 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|Ĥ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0125 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|ĥ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0128 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE|Ĩ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0129 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE|ĩ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+012A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|Ī}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+012B LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|ī}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+012E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|Į}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+012F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|į}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0134 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|Ĵ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0135 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|ĵ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0136 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|Ķ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0137 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|ķ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+013B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|Ļ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+013C LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|ļ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0145 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|Ņ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0146 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|ņ}}

{{chset-left1|2x}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+014C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON|Ō}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+014D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON|ō}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0156 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|Ŗ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0157 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|ŗ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+015C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|Ŝ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+015D LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|ŝ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0168 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE|Ũ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0169 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE|ũ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+016A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|Ū}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+016B LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|ū}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+016C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE|Ŭ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+016D LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE|ŭ}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0172 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|Ų}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0173 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|ų}}

|{{chset-cell1|U+0100 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON|Ā}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|3x}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|4x}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|5x}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|6x}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}
{{chset-left1|7x}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

|{{chset-cell1

|style=background:#DDD}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist|refs=

Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3.0 for DOS and newer versions are written in C.

For compatibility with Lotus 1-2-3 Release 5.0.

According to the documentation this code point is not supported by Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3.1+ for DOS and OS/2 and earlier.

According to the documentation code points 1 to 127 in this group are not supported by Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3.1+ for DOS and OS/2 and earlier. These versions only supported LMBCS code points 0 to 511, covering group 0 and 1 only.

Unicode does not define a glyph for the crown currency symbol (Krone aka "Kr"), therefore this points to F8FBhex in the Unicode Private Use Area (PUA).

}}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web|title=Multi-Language Character Sets – What They Are, How To Use Them |author-first=Bob |author-last=Balaban |date=2001 |publisher=Looseleaf Software, Inc. |url=http://www.bobzblog.com/tuxedoguy.nsf/dx/multilanguage.pdf/$file/multilanguage.pdf |access-date=2016-11-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125174612/http://www.bobzblog.com/tuxedoguy.nsf/dx/multilanguage.pdf/%24file/multilanguage.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-25}}

{{cite web |work=IBM Character Data Representation Architecture |publisher=IBM (CDRA) |at=Lotus Multi-byte Character Set (LMBCS) |title=Appendix A. Encoding Schemes |url=https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/appendix_a.html#Lotus%20Multi-byte%20Character%20Set%20(LMBCS) |access-date=2016-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126165447/https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/appendix_a.html |archive-date=2016-11-26 |quote=For optimization purposes, the group byte is omitted in Notes for single-byte values between X'20' and X'FF'. For example, LMBCS is always optimized to group 0x01, which means that any character where the first byte is greater than 0x1F, has an implicit group byte of 0x01.}}

{{cite web |title=LMBCS |language=Japanese |date=2009-02-03 |url=http://hnagasim.blog8.fc2.com/blog-entry-81.html |access-date=2016-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126175211/http://hnagasim.blog8.fc2.com/blog-entry-81.html |archive-date=2016-11-26}}[http://qiita.com/disapalt/items/891f8947b0c586e8c477]

{{cite web |title=Re: MS Excel, Lotus 123 & Unicode |author-first1=Markus |author-last1=Scherer |author-first2=Brendan |author-last2=Murray |date=2000-06-02 |url=http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/Archives-Old/UML022/1278.html |access-date=2016-12-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206163914/http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/Archives-Old/UML022/1278.html |archive-date=2016-12-06}}

{{cite web |author-first=Edward J. |author-last=Batutis |title=Re: converter types |work=International Components for Unicode (ICU) |date=2001-11-03 |url=https://sourceforge.net/p/icu/mailman/message/7389276/ |access-date=2016-12-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206164926/https://sourceforge.net/p/icu/mailman/message/7389276/ |archive-date=2016-12-06}}

{{cite book |title=Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Upgrader's Handbuch |language=German |trans-title=Upgrader's handbook |chapter=Kapitel 4. Kompatibilität mit anderen 1-2-3 Versionen – Zeichensätze |trans-chapter=Chapter 4. Compatibility with other 1-2-3 Versions – Character Sets |edition=1 |pages=4-10–4-11 |date=1989 |publisher=Lotus Development Corporation |location=Cambridge, MA, USA |id=302173}}

{{cite web |title=lmb-excp.ucm |website=GitHub |date=2000-02-10 |url=https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/lmb-excp.ucm}}

{{cite book |title=Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Referenzhandbuch |language=German |trans-title=Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Reference Manual |edition=1 |chapter=Anhang 2. Der Lotus Multibyte Zeichensatz (LMBCS) |trans-chapter=Appendix 2. The Lotus Multibyte Character Set (LMBCS) |pages=A2-1 – A2-13 |date=1989 |publisher=Lotus Development Corporation |location=Cambridge, MA, USA |id=302168}}

{{cite web |title=ucnv_lmb.c |date=2016 |orig-year=2000-02-09 |editor-first1=Brendan |editor-last1=Murray |editor-first2=Jim |editor-last2=Snyder-Grant |publisher=International Business Machines (IBM) |work=International Components for Unicode |url=https://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-59180.0.1/icuSources/common/ucnv_lmb.cpp.auto.html}}

{{cite book|title=Lotus – Inside Notes – The Architecture of Notes and the Domino Server |publisher=Lotus Development Corporation |date=2000 |url=http://www-12.lotus.com/ldd/doc/uafiles.nsf/70817c90542892178525695b0051105c/2e559b131d346a028525697c00652c2b/$FILE/InsideNotes.pdf |access-date=2016-12-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212162221/http://www-12.lotus.com/ldd/doc/uafiles.nsf/70817c90542892178525695b0051105c/2e559b131d346a028525697c00652c2b/%24FILE/InsideNotes.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-12 |quote=[…] Notes uses a single character set, the Lotus Multibyte Character Set (LMBCS), to encode all text data used internally by its programs. Whenever Notes first inputs text encoded in a character set other than LMBCS, it translates the text into a LMBCS string, and whenever it must output text in a character set other than LMBCS, it translates the internal LMBCS string into the appropriate character set. Because all text is internally formatted by LMBCS, all text-processing operations […] are done in only one way. LMBCS uses up to three bytes in memory to represent a single text character […]}}

{{cite book |author-first1=Alfred |author-last1=Kamenz |author-first2=Helmut |author-last2=Vonhoegen |title=Das große Buch zu Lotus 1-2-3 für DOS |language=German |edition=1 |pages=131–132, 357-358 |date=1992 |publisher=Data Becker |isbn=3-89011-375-3}}

}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |title=Dateiformate – Eine Referenz – Tabellenkalkulation, Text, Grafik, Multimedia, Sound und Internet |language=German |trans-title=File formats – a reference – spreadsheets, text, graphics, multimedia, sound and internet |author-first=Günter |author-last=Born |author-link=:de:Günter Born |date=December 2000 |orig-year=1990 |publisher=Galileo Computing |chapter=Kapitel 2. LOTUS 1-2-3-Format (WK3) |trans-chapter=Chapter 2. Lotus 1-2-3 WK3 format |location=Bonn, Germany |isbn=3-934358-83-7 |url=http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wk3.pdf |access-date=2016-11-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129183043/http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wk3.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-29}} (Includes some information about LMBCS and Lotus system ranges.)
  • {{cite web |title=LMBCS tables |work=User's Guide – 123 Release 4 for Windows |at=CHAPTER: Appendix A Using the Lotus Multibyte Character Set |publisher=Lotus Development |date=1995 |orig-year=1994-01-01 |type=Fax |id=Fax 10955 |url=ftp://ftp.lotus.com/desktop/LotusDoc/10955.txt |access-date=2016-12-06 }}
  • {{cite web |title=Entering LMBCS characters |work=User's Guide – 123 Release 4 for Windows |at=CHAPTER: Appendix A Using the Lotus Multibyte Character Set |publisher=Lotus Development |date=1995 |orig-year=1994-01-01 |type=Fax |id=Fax 10954 |url=ftp://ftp.lotus.com/desktop/LotusDoc/10954.txt |access-date=2016-12-06 }}
  • {{cite web |author=Lotus Support |title=Notes from Support: SMTP MTA International Character Sets |work=IBM developerWorks |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/lotus/library/ls-SMTP_MTA_International_Character_Sets/ |access-date=2016-12-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208000502/https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/lotus/library/ls-SMTP_MTA_International_Character_Sets/ |archive-date=2016-12-08}}
  • Character Translation Files (.CTF) by Notes 2.x and Country Language Service (.CLS) files by Notes 3.0 and higher contain information about LMBCS translation into other codepages [http://www.blanes.cat/help4.nsf/17be5b66a7aa5b648025641700320fc9/47f2e6ebc63cbcffc12565260004d84c!OpenDocument] [http://domino.cnce.it/help4.nsf/ba459ed7b91ff551c1256523005f7581/a58eb1ab81986c8941256523003556a2?OpenDocument]

External links

  • {{cite web |title=Blast from the past: LMBCS tables for Windows, OS/2, Unix and Macintosh |author-first=Lars |author-last=Berntrop-Bos |date=2014-07-10 |url=http://planetlotus.org/profiles/lars-berntrop-bos_126302 |access-date=2016-11-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126141824/http://planetlotus.org/profiles/lars-berntrop-bos_126302 |archive-date=2016-11-26}}

{{Character encodings|state=collapsed}}

Category:Character encoding

Category:Character sets

Category:Computer-related introductions in 1989

Category:IBM Lotus SmartSuite

Category:Lotus Software software