Malang metropolitan area
{{Short description|Region in East Java, Indonesia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malang metropolitan area
| native_name = Malang Raya
| image_skyline = 2018-11-15 Northern Side of Brawijaya University view from Apartment Suhat at dusk.jpg
| settlement_type =
| image_caption = Malang cityscape at dusk
| registration_plate = N
| registration_plate_type = Vehicle sign
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|East Java}}
| seat_type = Core city
| seat = Malang
| seat1_type = Satellite city
| seat1 = Batu
| parts_type = Regencies
| parts = Malang Regency
| coordinates = {{coord|8|00|S|112|37|E|display=inline,title}}
| population_as_of = mid 2023 estimateBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Malang Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3507)
| population_total = 3801089
| area_total_km2 = 3835.9
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = Indonesia Western Time
| utc_offset = +7
| population_demonym = Arek Malang or Arema{{Cite web|url=https://artikata.simomot.com/arti/gaul/arema|title=Arti kata Arema – Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online|website=artikata.simomot.com|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022727/https://artikata.simomot.com/arti/gaul/arema|url-status=usurped}}
| blank1_name = - Total
| blank1_info = {{Increase}}Rp 241.950 trillion
{{Increase}}US$ 15.873 billion
{{Increase}}US$ 50.837 billion (PPP)
| blank2_name = - Per capita
| blank2_info = {{Increase}}Rp 63.653 million
{{Increase}}US$ 4,176
{{Increase}}US$ 13,374 (PPP)
| area_code = (+62) 341
| area_code_type = Area code
| footnotes = Highest elevation 3,676 m/12,060 ft (Semeru, in Malang Regency)
}}
Greater Malang ({{langx|id|Malang Raya}}) is a region in East Java, Indonesia, encompassing the municipality of Malang and its hinterland. About 3 million people in East Java reside in Greater Malang. The principal city, Malang is well known as the home of notable universities in Indonesia,{{Cite web|url=https://malang.merdeka.com/kabar-malang/malang-sebagai-kota-pendidikan-sejak-masa-hindia-belanda-160502n.html|title=Malang – Merdeka.com {{!}} Malang sebagai kota pendidikan sejak masa Hindia Belanda|website=malang.merdeka.com|access-date=24 April 2019}} and the nearby Batu (now also an independent city), is well known as a tourism centre in East Java.{{Cite web|url=https://batukota.go.id/Portal/sejarah#1|title=Sejarah Kota Batu|last=Pemerintah Kota Batu|website=batukota.go.id|access-date=24 April 2019}}
History
=''Karesidenan Malang''=
In the Dutch colonial era, Greater Malang was a residency, an old form of second-tier subdivision, called Karesidenan Malang (Malang Residency), consisting of four cities (Malang, Batu, Pasuruan, Probolinggo) and four regencies (Malang Regency, Pasuruan Regency, Probolinggo Regency, Lumajang Regency).{{Cite web|url=https://www.cendananews.com/2017/01/sejarah-kota-malang-3-kota-kolonial-berawal-dari-loji.html|title=Sejarah Kota Malang (3) Kota Kolonial Berawal dari Loji|date=1 January 2017|website=Cendana News|language=id-ID|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914053134/https://www.cendananews.com/2017/01/sejarah-kota-malang-3-kota-kolonial-berawal-dari-loji.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://ngalam.id/read/3881/pemerintahan-karesidenan-malang-pada-masa-perang-kemerdekaan/|title=Pemerintahan Karesidenan Malang Pada Masa Perang Kemerdekaan|last=nGalamediaLABS|website=ngalam.id|language=id|access-date=24 April 2019}} But now, the definition of Greater Malang just consists of the Malang highlands area, namely Malang city, Batu city, and Malang Regency, together with one district (kecamatan Purwodadi) of Pasuruan Regency.{{Cite web|url=https://cakmaryono.com/malang-raya/|title=Mengetahui Secara Ringkas Tentang Malang Raya|date=2 January 2015|website=Dare to Start|language=id|access-date=24 April 2019}} Even this is excessive, as parts of Malang Regency - the 9 districts in the south (bordering the south coast of East Java) and the 3 districts lying west of Batu city - are not part of the Malang Valley urbanisation. The component parts are tabled below, with their areas, their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, and the official estimates as at mid 2023.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Malang Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3507)
Demography
File:Population density map of Java and Madura by subdistrict (kelurahan) (2022).svg
| class="wikitable sortable"
!Administrative division !Area (km2) !Pop'n !Pop'n !Pop'n !Density |
| Malang City
| style="text-align:right" |111.08 | style="text-align:right" |820,043 | style="text-align:right" |843,810 | style="text-align:right" |865,271 | style="text-align:right" | {{formatnum: 7789.62}} |
| Batu City
| style="text-align:right" |194.17 | style="text-align:right" |190,184 | style="text-align:right" |213,046 | style="text-align:right" |220,193 | style="text-align:right" | {{formatnum: 1134.02}} |
| Malang Regency
| style="text-align:right" |3,530.65 | style="text-align:right" |2,446,218 | style="text-align:right" |2,654,448 | style="text-align:right" |2,715,624 | style="text-align:right" | {{formatnum: 769.16}} |
| Greater Malang
| style="text-align:right" |3,835.90 | style="text-align:right" |3,456,445 | style="text-align:right" |3,711,304 | style="text-align:right" |3,801,089 | style="text-align:right" |{{formatnum: 990.93}} |
Sources: Statistics IndonesiaBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Malang Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3507)
Geography
Greater Malang is located in the middle of East Java, and the eastern part of the region includes the Eastern salient of Java region. The region covers over 2,337 km2.
The eastern section of Greater Malang, among Java's most rugged regions, isolates the eastern salient from Java's central heartland to its west.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j11yMMLK1AkC|title=Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam|last=Hefner|first=Robert W.|date=1 February 1990|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691028569|pages=6, 23|language=en}} The Tengger massif (including Mount Bromo), and Mount Semeru, Java's highest peak, lie in this section. The western area of this region is also a mountainous region, including Arjuno-Welirang and Kawi-Butak. However, those parts of the Regency to the south of Greater Malang are just a lower elevation plain, with the southern coast bordering the Indian Ocean and small karst hills below 1000 metres.{{Cite web|url=https://ngalam.co/2016/11/30/kondisi-geografis-malang/|title=Mengenal Lebih Dekat Kondisi Geografis Malang|last=Mega|first=Sophia|date=3 November 2016|website=Ngalam.co|language=id-ID|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028135843/https://ngalam.co/2016/11/30/kondisi-geografis-malang/|url-status=dead}}
=Climate=
While most parts of the region are plateau or highlands (except the southern area), the climate of Greater Malang is milder than the rest of Indonesia. In middle of year, mountainous area of Greater Malang over 2000 metres above sea level, is dry winter with light snow and frost, which means the temperature always below zero Celsius during late night until morning, especially the light snow is commonly visible in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park.{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4149360/brrrkawasan-bromo-membeku-embun-salju-selimuti-dedaunan|title=Brrr.....Kawasan Bromo Membeku, Embun Salju Selimuti Dedaunan|last=Rofiq|first=M.|website=detiknews|access-date=25 April 2019}}
{{Weather box
|location = Malang, East Java, Indonesia (elevation {{convert|450|m|abbr=on|disp=or}})
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 28.5
|Feb high C = 28.5
|Mar high C = 28.5
|Apr high C = 28.7
|May high C = 29.0
|Jun high C = 28.8
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 29.3
|Sep high C = 29.8
|Oct high C = 30.2
|Nov high C = 29.5
|Dec high C = 28.5
|Jan mean C = 24.0
|Feb mean C = 24.1
|Mar mean C = 24.0
|Apr mean C = 24.0
|May mean C = 23.9
|Jun mean C = 23.2
|Jul mean C = 22.4
|Aug mean C = 23.2
|Sep mean C = 23.6
|Oct mean C = 24.3
|Nov mean C = 24.3
|Dec mean C = 23.8
|Jan low C = 19.6
|Feb low C = 19.7
|Mar low C = 19.5
|Apr low C = 19.3
|May low C = 18.9
|Jun low C = 17.7
|Jul low C = 16.5
|Aug low C = 17.1
|Sep low C = 17.5
|Oct low C = 18.5
|Nov low C = 19.2
|Dec low C = 19.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 334
|Feb precipitation mm = 307
|Mar precipitation mm = 292
|Apr precipitation mm = 173
|May precipitation mm = 132
|Jun precipitation mm = 77
|Jul precipitation mm = 47
|Aug precipitation mm = 26
|Sep precipitation mm = 43
|Oct precipitation mm = 106
|Nov precipitation mm = 225
|Dec precipitation mm = 326
|Jan humidity = 81.7
|Feb humidity = 82.3
|Mar humidity = 82.2
|Apr humidity = 79.2
|May humidity = 79.8
|Jun humidity = 77.3
|Jul humidity = 75.1
|Aug humidity = 72.9
|Sep humidity = 70.9
|Oct humidity = 70.9
|Nov humidity = 74.4
|Dec humidity = 79.1
| source 1 = Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)
{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/977145/
| title = Climate: Malang
| publisher = Climate-Data.org
| access-date = 19 May 2016}}
| source 2 = Weatherbase (humidity)
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=602404&cityname=Malang-East-Java-Indonesia
| title = MALANG, INDONESIA
| publisher = Weatherbase
| access-date = 19 May 2016}}
}}
According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the climate of Malang city is tropical monsoon (Am).
{{Weather box
|location = Tulungrejo, Bumiaji, Batu (elevation {{convert|1200|m|abbr=on|disp=or}})
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 21.4
|Feb high C = 21.6
|Mar high C = 21.6
|Apr high C = 21.5
|May high C = 21.5
|Jun high C = 21.2
|Jul high C = 20.7
|Aug high C = 21
|Sep high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 22.2
|Nov high C = 21.8
|Dec high C = 21.5
|Jan mean C = 17.6
|Feb mean C = 17.7
|Mar mean C = 17.8
|Apr mean C = 17.8
|May mean C = 17.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 16.1
|Aug mean C = 16.2
|Sep mean C = 16.9
|Oct mean C = 17.6
|Nov mean C = 17.9
|Dec mean C = 17.6
|Jan low C = 13.9
|Feb low C = 13.9
|Mar low C = 14.1
|Apr low C = 13.6
|May low C = 13.2
|Jun low C = 12.6
|Jul low C = 11.5
|Aug low C = 11.4
|Sep low C = 12
|Oct low C = 13.1
|Nov low C = 14
|Dec low C = 13.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 406
|Feb precipitation mm = 353
|Mar precipitation mm = 395
|Apr precipitation mm = 242
|May precipitation mm = 176
|Jun precipitation mm = 81
|Jul precipitation mm = 52
|Aug precipitation mm = 35
|Sep precipitation mm = 46
|Oct precipitation mm = 130
|Nov precipitation mm = 282
|Dec precipitation mm = 385
|Jan humidity = 81.7
|Feb humidity = 82.3
|Mar humidity = 82.2
|Apr humidity = 79.2
|May humidity = 79.8
|Jun humidity = 77.3
|Jul humidity = 75.1
|Aug humidity = 72.9
|Sep humidity = 70.9
|Oct humidity = 70.9
|Nov humidity = 74.4
|Dec humidity = 79.1
| source 1 = Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)
{{cite web
| url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/east-java/tulungrejo-629503/
| title = Climate: Tulungrejo, Bumiaji, Batu City
| publisher = Climate-Data.org
| access-date = 18 December 2018}}
| source 2 = Weatherbase (humidity)
{{cite web
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=602254&cityname=Batu-East-Java-Indonesia
| title = BATU, INDONESIA
| publisher = Weatherbase
| access-date = 19 May 2016}}
}}
{{Weather box
|location = Ngadas, Malang Regency (elevation {{convert|2071|m|abbr=on|disp=or}})
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 18.3
|Feb high C = 18.4
|Mar high C = 18.6
|Apr high C = 18.3
|May high C = 18.2
|Jun high C = 17.8
|Jul high C = 17.2
|Aug high C = 17.3
|Sep high C = 18
|Oct high C = 18.5
|Nov high C = 18.3
|Dec high C = 18.2
|Jan mean C = 14.6
|Feb mean C = 14.6
|Mar mean C = 14.9
|Apr mean C = 14.4
|May mean C = 14.1
|Jun mean C = 13.6
|Jul mean C = 12.7
|Aug mean C = 12.7
|Sep mean C = 13.4
|Oct mean C = 14.1
|Nov mean C = 14.6
|Dec mean C = 14.5
|Jan low C = 10.9
|Feb low C = 10.8
|Mar low C = 11.2
|Apr low C = 10.6
|May low C = 10.1
|Jun low C = 9.4
|Jul low C = 8.2
|Aug low C = 8.2
|Sep low C = 8.8
|Oct low C = 9.8
|Nov low C = 11
|Dec low C = 10.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 297
|Feb precipitation mm = 328
|Mar precipitation mm = 347
|Apr precipitation mm = 182
|May precipitation mm = 108
|Jun precipitation mm = 63
|Jul precipitation mm = 31
|Aug precipitation mm = 15
|Sep precipitation mm = 20
|Oct precipitation mm = 79
|Nov precipitation mm = 159
|Dec precipitation mm = 319
| source 1 = Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)
{{cite web
| url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/east-java/ngadas-621055/
| title = Climate: Ngadas, Malang Regency
| publisher = Climate-Data.org
| access-date = 25 April 2019}}
}}
According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the climate of Batu city and Upper Greater Malang over 1000 metres above sea level classified as subtropical highland variety(Cwb).
Panoramas
{{Wide image|View of Malang from The 1o1 Hotel 2019-01-24 (cropped).jpg|1560px|Panorama view of Malang city with Arjuno-Welirang and Kawi Butak mountains covered by Cumulonimbus cloud in January 2019.|dir=rtl}}
File:View Of Batu & Malang From Gunung Banyak (cropped).jpg from Gunung Banyak]]
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://malangkota.go.id/ Official website of Malang city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616183522/https://malangkota.go.id/ |date=16 June 2019 }}
- [http://batukota.go.id/ Official website of Batu city]
- [http://malangkab.go.id/ Official website of Malang Regency]
{{Metropolitan areas in Indonesia}}