Login
Login

Malone Formation

{{Short description|Geologic formation in Texas, United States}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Malone Formation

| image =

| caption =

| type = Geological formation

| age =
Kimmeridgian-Tithonian
~{{fossil range|153|149}}

| period = Jurassic

| prilithology = Siliclastic strata & limestone

| otherlithology =

| namedfor = Malone Mountains

| namedby =

| region = Texas

| country = United States

| coordinates =

| unitof =

| subunits = *Upper member

  • Lower member

| underlies = Torcer Formation

| overlies = Briggs Formation

| thickness = *45 meters (east side)

  • 325 meters (northwest part of Malone Mountains)

| extent =

| area =

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Malone Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

Description

One of the few geological formations in Texas dating to the Jurassic period, the Malone Formation unconformably overlies the Permian Briggs Formation,{{Cite journal |last=Albritton |first=C. C. |date=1938-12-01 |title=Stratigraphy and structure of the Malone Mountains, Texas |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsabulletin/article/49/12_1/1747-1806/3602 |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |language=en |volume=49 |issue=12_1 |pages=1747–1806 |doi=10.1130/GSAB-49-1747 |issn=0016-7606|url-access=subscription }} and laterally changes thickness dramatically from 45 meters on the east side to 325 meters in the northwest part of the Malone Mountains.{{Cite journal |last1=May |first1=Steven R. |last2=Bader |first2=Kenneth S. |last3=Boucher |first3=Lisa D. |last4=Jacobs |first4=Louis L. |last5=Lively |first5=Joshua R. |last6=Myers |first6=Timothy S. |last7=Polcyn |first7=Michael J. |date=2023-06-01 |title=A record of Late Jurassic vertebrates from Texas |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/rmg/article/58/1/19/624204/A-record-of-Late-Jurassic-vertebrates-from-Texas |journal=Rocky Mountain Geology |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=19–37 |doi=10.24872/rmgjournal.58.1.19 |issn=1555-7340|doi-access=free }} It has been split into two subdivisions: a lower member containing Idoceras suggesting a Kimmeridgian age, and an upper member containing Kossmatia indicating a Tithonian age. Geochronological analysis of detrital zircon suggests an age of 151±2 Ma for the formation, supporting its dating to the late Jurassic.

=Depositional environment=

The Malone Formation represents a fan-delta system in a shallow marine to marginal marine environment, deposited along the northern edge of the Chihuahua trough (a sedimentary basin mostly located in northeast Mexico). Many fossils found in the formation represent marine invertebrates.{{Cite book |last=Cragin |first=Francis Whittemore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nwrAAAAYAAJ |title=Paleontology of the Malone Jurassic Formation of Texas |date=1905 |publisher=Johns Hopkins university. |language=en}}

Fossil content

{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}

=Vertebrates=

Remains of vertebrates in this formation are rare and mostly poorly-preserved. Two cycloid fish scales, a pycnodont tooth and bone fragments of 'enaliosaurs' (a classification now obsolete) have been reported from the Malone Formation, but are not well-described.

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Vertebrates reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
cf. Plesiosauria

|

|Northwest Malone Mountains (Jackson Ranch area).

|Propodial (TMM 47259–1).

|A small, possibly juvenile plesiosaur.

|

cf. Pliosauridae

|

|Northwest Malone Mountains (Jackson Ranch area).

|Vertebra (TMM 44038–1).

|A pliosaur.

|

=Invertebrates=

==Annelids==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Annelids reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan="3" |Serpula

|S. gordialis

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Numerous specimens.

|A tube worm.

|

S. sp.

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Multiple specimens.

|Larger than S. gordialis.

|

S. sp.

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen now lost.

|Distinct from the other Serpula of the formation.

|

==Bivalves==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Bivalves reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan="2" |Anatina

|A. obliquiplicata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|8 specimens.

|A duck clam.

|

A.? pliculifera

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A duck clam.

|

rowspan="2" |Arca

|A.? dumbli

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|5 specimens.

|An ark clam.

|

A. taffii

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|An ark clam.

|

rowspan="5" |Astarte

|A. breviacola

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Numerous specimens.

|An astartid.

|

A.? craticula

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|An astartid.

|

A.? isodontoides

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|An astartid.

|

A. malonensis

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Numerous specimens.

|An astartid.

|

A. posticalva

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|21 specimens.

|An astartid.

|

Corbula

|C.? maloniana

|West base of Malone Mountain.

|Cast of a right valve.

|A corbulid.

|

rowspan="4" |Cucullaea

|C. castilloi

|Northwest end of Malone Mountain.

|2 specimens.

|A false ark shell.

|

C. catorcensis

|East of Malone Mountain.

|4 casts.

|A false ark shell.

|

C.? texticostata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen & a fragment.

|A false ark shell.

|

C. transpecosensis

|1 mile northeast of Malone, El Paso County, Texas.

|1 specimen.

|A false ark shell.

|

Craginella

|C. goodellii

|2.4 km east for Malone station.{{Cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Michael |last2=Leanza |first2=Héctor |date=2019-02-10 |title=On the Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous Megatrigoniinae (Bivalvia, Trigoniida): their biogeography, evolution and classification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330639165 |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |volume=291 |issue=1 |pages=19–40 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2019/0787 |s2cid=134666790 |issn=0077-7749}}

|18 specimens.

|A megatrigoniid, originally reported as Trigonia goodelli.

|

rowspan="2" |Cyprina

|C. coteroi

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|4 (& 2 doubtful) specimens.

|

|

C.? streeruvitzii

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|11 incomplete specimens.

|

|

rowspan="2" |Exogyra

|E. potosina

|West of Malone Mountain.

|6 specimens.

|A gryphaeid.

|

E. subplicifera

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|19 specimens.

|A gryphaeid.

|

rowspan="3" |Gervillia

|G. cinderella

|West base of Malone Mountain.

|1 specimen.

|A bakevelliid.

|

G. corrugata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|23 imperfect specimens & fragments.

|A bakevelliid.

|

G.? riograndensis

|West base of Malone Mountain.

|1 specimen.

|A bakevelliid.

|

Gryphaea

|G. mexicana

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Numerous specimens.

|A gryphaeid.

|

Leda

|L.? navicula

|East slope of Malone Mountain.

|Cast of a left valve.

|

|

rowspan="2" |Lima

|L. interlineata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Valves & fragments.

|A file shell.

|

L. (Ctenostreon) riograndensis

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A file shell.

|

rowspan="4" |Lucina

|L.? emarginata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|3 specimens.

|A lucinid.

|

L. planiuscula

|Northwest end of Malone Mountain.

|4 shells & about a dozen casts.

|A lucinid.

|

L. potosina

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|5 specimens.

|A lucinid.

|

L. potosina var. metrica

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Over 200 specimens.

|A lucinid.

|

Martesia

|M. maloniana

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Casts.

|A piddock.

|

rowspan="2" |Modiola

|M. geniculata

|1 mile east of Finlay station.

|A left valve.

|A mussel.

|

M. maloniana

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|4 specimens.

|A mussel.

|

Mytilus

|M. nuntius

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|A well-preserved cast.

|A mussel.

|

Ostrea

|O. sp.

| 1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|3 imperfect valves.

| A true oyster.

|

Pecten

|P. (Camptonectes) insutus

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|About 50 specimens.

|A scallop.

|

rowspan="4" |Pholadomya

|P. marcoui

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|10 specimens.

|A pholadomyid.

|

P. paucicosta

|1.5 miles east of Malone station, & 2 miles east-southeast from Finlay station.

|27 specimens.

|A pholadomyid.

|

P. praeposita

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|4 specimens.

|A pholadomyid.

|

P. tosta

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|25 specimens.

|A pholadomyid.

|

Pinna

|P. quadrifrons

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Numerous specimens.

|A pen shell.

|

rowspan="2" |Pleuromya

|P. inconstans

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Numerous specimens.

|

|

P. inconstans var. curta

|Southern part of Malone Mountain & 1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Multiple specimens.

|

|

Plicatula

|P. sportella

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A plicatulid.

|

Ptychomya

|P. stantoni

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|23 specimens.

|A crassatellid.

|

Tapes

|T.? cuneovatus

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|A right valve.

|A venus clam.

|

Thracia

|T.? maloniana

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|6 specimens.

|A thraciid.

|

rowspan="8" |Trigonia

|T. calderoni

|1.5 miles east of Malone station, & a mile east of Finlay station.

|11 specimens.

|A trigoniid.

|

T. conferticostata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|A shell, 2 valves & fragments.

|A trigoniid.

|

style="background:#fbdddb;" |T. goodellii

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |18 specimens.

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |Reassigned to Craginella.

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

T. munita

|West & east of Malone station.

|3 imperfect specimens & several fragments.

|A trigoniid.

|

T. praestriata

|East slope of Malone Mountain.

|A mold.

|A trigoniid.

|

T. proscabra

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|About 35 specimens.

|A trigoniid.

|

T. rudicostata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|2 specimens.

|A trigoniid.

|

T. vyschetzkii

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Numerous specimens.

|A trigoniid.

|

rowspan="2" |Unicardium

|U.? semirotundum

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|12 specimens.

|A lucinid.

|

U.? transversum

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|16 specimens.

|A lucinid.

|

==Bryozoans==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Bryozoans reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Berenicea

|B. maloniana

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Colonies.

|A bereniceid.

|

==Cephalopods==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Cephalopods reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Aspidoceras

|A. alamitocensis

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Portion of a shell.

|An ammonite.

|

rowspan="2" |Nautilus

|N. burkarti

|West side of the mountain southwest of Malone station.

|An imperfect specimen.

|A nautiloid.

|

N. naufragus

|Northwest end of Malone Mountain.

|2 imperfect specimens.

|A nautiloid.

|

Olcostephanus

|O. malonianus

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|A few parts of the whorls.

|An ammonite.

|

Oppelia

|O.? fallax

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Fragmentary specimens.

|An ammonite.

|

rowspan="5" |Perisphinctes

|P. aguilerai

|Foothills west of Malone Mountain.

|7 fragments.

|An ammonite.

|

P. clarki

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Multiple specimens.

|An ammonite.

|

P. felixi

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|2 specimens.

|An ammonite.

|

P. potosinus

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Fragment.

|An ammonite.

|

P. schucherti

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Multiple specimens.

|An ammonite.

|

==Corals==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Corals reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Astrocoenia

|A. maloniana

|1.5 miles east of Malone, Texas.

|9 specimens.

|An astrocoeniid.

|

==Echinoderms==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Echinoderms reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Holectypus

|H.? sp.

|East slope of Malone Mountain.

|A fragment.

|A sea urchin.

|

Pygurus

|P. sp.

|West side of Malone Mountain.

|A fragment.

|A sea urchin.

|

==Gastropods==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Gastropods reported from the Malone Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Acteonina

|A.? maloniana

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Cast bearing 2 fragments.

|An acteonid.

|

Cerithium

|C. arcuiferum

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A cerith.

|

Delphinula

|D. stantoni

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|5 specimens.

|

|

rowspan="4" |Natica

|N. bilabiata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A moon snail.

|

N. finlayensis

|Northwest end of Malone Mountain.

|1 specimen.

|A moon snail.

|

N. inflecta

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|3 shells.

|A moon snail.

|

N. williamsi

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Nearly 100 specimens.

|A moon snail.

|

rowspan="2" |Nerinea

|N. circumvoluta

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|Several specimens.

|A nerineid.

|

N. goodellii

|1.5 miles east of Malone station, & southern end of Malone Mountain.

|Multiple specimens.

|A nerineid.

|

Nerinella

|N. stantoni

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Several specimens.

|A nerinellid.

|

rowspan="3" |Nerita

|N. finlayensis

|Northwest end of Malone Mountain.

|1 specimen.

|A nerite.

|

N. nodilirata

|Lower strata.

|54 specimens.

|A nerite.

|

N. peroblata

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A nerite.

|

Pleurotomaria

|P. circumtrunca

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|11 specimens.

|A pleurotomariid.

|

Pseudomelania

|P. goodellii

|Various localities in & around Malone Mountain.

|Multiple specimens.

|A pseudomelaniid.

|

Turbo

|T.? beneclathratus

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|1 specimen.

|A turban snail.

|

Turritella

|T. burkarti

|East slope of Malone Mountain.

|1 specimen.

|A turritellid.

|

Vermetus

|V. cornejoi

|1.5 miles east of Malone station.

|8 specimens.

|A worm shell.

|

=Plants=

Fossil remains of plants, including driftwood, are abundant in the Malone Formation, but not well preserved.

See also

{{Portal|Earth sciences|Texas|Paleontology}}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite web|title= Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database|author= ((Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database))|url= https://www.fossilworks.org|access-date= 17 December 2021}}

Category:Geologic formations of Texas

Category:Jurassic System of North America