Moscow Armistice

{{short description|1944 peace treaty between the USSR and Finland which ended the Continuation War}}

{{Infobox treaty

| name = Moscow Armistice

| long_name =

| image = Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png

| image_width = 200px

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| caption = The areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union after the Continuation War. Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956.

| type = Bilateral treaty

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| date_signed = {{Start date|df=yes|1944|9|19}}

| location_signed = Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR

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| parties =* {{flag|USSR|1936}}

{{flag|United Kingdom}}
{{flag|Finland}}

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{{flagu|USSR|1936}}
{{flagu|United Kingdom}}
{{flagu|Finland}}

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}}

The Moscow Armistice[http://heninen.net/sopimus/1944_e.htm Armistice Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, on the one hand, and Finland on the other] was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War. The Armistice restored the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940, with a number of modifications.

The final peace treaty between Finland and many of the Allies was signed in Paris in 1947.

Conditions for peace

File:End of Soviet Finland war 1944.jpg

The conditions for peace were similar to what had been agreed in the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940: Finland was obliged to cede parts of Karelia and Salla, as well as certain islands in the Gulf of Finland. The new armistice also handed all of Petsamo to the Soviet Union, and Finland was further compelled to lease Porkkala to the Soviet Union for a period of fifty years (the area was returned to Finnish control in 1956).{{cite web|url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Return+of+Porkkala+by+Soviets+50+years+ago+had+strings+attached/1135218495524|title=Return of Porkkala by Soviets 50 years ago had strings attached|publisher=Helsingin Sanomat|date=25 January 2006}} Territories ceded to the Soviet Union constituted approximately 11.50% (44,106.23 km²) of Finland's territory (382,561.23 km²) prior to the Winter War and the Continuation War as dictated by the Treaty of Tartu.

Other conditions included Finnish payment of nearly $300,000,000 (${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|300000000|1944|r=-8}}}} in today's US dollars) in the form of various commodities over six years to the Soviet Union as war reparations.{{Cite web |date=2012-02-06 |title=HS Home 3.9.2002 – Last war reparation train crossed Finnish-Soviet border 50 years ago |url=https://www.hs.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20020903IE11 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206105055/https://www.hs.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20020903IE11 |archive-date=2012-02-06 }} Finland also agreed to legalise the Communist Party of Finland (after it had made some changes to the party rules) and ban parties that the Soviet Union considered fascist.{{in lang|fi}} Jukka Nevakivi (2006) Jatkosodasta nykypäivään. (From Continuation War to Today. In: Suomen poliittinen historia 1809–2006. WSOY, Helsinki Further, the individuals that the Soviets considered responsible for the war had to be arrested and put on trial, the best-known case being that of Risto Ryti.Jakobson, Max (former Finnish Ambassador to the UN) [http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Finnish+wartime+leaders+on+trial+for+war+guilt+60+years+ago/1101981482973 Finnish wartime leaders on trial for "war guilt" 60 years ago] Helsingin Sanomat International edition, 28 October 2005 The armistice compelled Finland to drive German troops from its territory, leading to a military campaign in Lapland.

Surrendered territory

Municipality of Finland	Russian Cyrillic name	km²	Sq miles	Part of present-day populated place in Russia
class="wikitable sortable" \|+ {{ill\|Territories of Finland ceded to the Soviet Union\|fi\|Luovutetut alueet\|lt=Municipalities annexed by the Soviet Union}}
Antrea	Каменногорск	486.4	302.23	Kamennogorsk
Harlu	Харлу	252.6	156.96	{{ill\|Kharlu\|ru\|Харлу}}
{{ill\|Heinjoki (former municipality)\|fi\|Heinjoki\|lt=Heinjoki}}	Хейнйоки	342.1	212.57	Veshchevo
Hiitola	Хийтола	464	288.32	Khiytola
Impilahti	Импилахти	904	561.72	Impilahti
Jaakkima	Яккима	501.9	311.87	Yakkima
Johannes	Советский	217.6	135.21	Sovetsky
Kanneljärvi	Победа	246.3	153.04	Pobeda
Kaukola	Севастьяново	293.7	182.5	Sevastyanovo
Kirvu	Свободное	695.22	432	Svobodnoye
Kivennapa	Первомайское	650.52	404.21	Pervomayskoye
{{ill\|Koiviston maalaiskunta\|fi\|lt=Koivisto}}	Койвистон	283.1	175.91	Primorsk
Kuolemajärvi	Пионерское	400	248.55	Pionerskoye
{{ill\|Kurkijoki\|fi}}	Куркийоки	539.5	335.23	{{ill\|Kurkiyoki\|ru\|Куркиёки}}
{{ill\|Käkisalmen maalaiskunta\|fi\|lt=Käkisalmi}}	Какисалмен	188.54	117.15	Priozersk
{{ill\|Lumivaara\|fi}}	Лумиваара	292.4	181.69	Lakhdenpokhsky District
{{ill\|Metsäpirtti (former municipality)\|fi\|Metsäpirtti\|lt=Metsäpirtti}}	Метсапиртти	186.9	116.13	Zaporozhskoye
{{ill\|Muolaa (former municipality)\|fi\|Muolaa\|lt=Muolaa}}	Муолаа	750.02	466.04	Pravdino
{{ill\|Petsamo (former municipality)\|fi\|Petsamo\|lt=Petsamo}}	Печенгский	10,470	6,505.76	Pechengsky District
Pyhäjärvi	Пюхаярви	522	324.35	Otradnoye
Rautu	Рауту	339.6	211.02	Sosnovo
{{ill\|Ruskeala (former municipality)\|fi\|Ruskeala\|lt=Ruskeala}}	Рускеала	519	322.49	Ruskeala
Räisälä	Райсала	492.95	306.30	Melnikovo
Sakkola	Саккола	349.4	217.11	Gromovo
Salmi	Салми	1,423	884.21	Salmi
{{ill\|Soanlahti\|fi}}	Соанлахти	504	313.17	Suoyarvsky District
{{ill\|Sortavalan maalaiskunta\|fi\|lt=Sortavala}}	Сортавалан	690.88	429.3	Sortavala
{{ill\|Suistamo\|fi}}	Суистамо	1,623.80	1,009	Suoyarvsky District
{{ill\|Suojärvi (former municipality)\|fi\|Suojärvi\|lt=Suojärvi}}	Суоярви	3,688.40	2,292	Suoyarvsky District
{{ill\|Terijoki (former municipality)\|fi\|Terijoki\|lt=Terijoki}}	Терийоки	122.42	76.07	Zelenogorsk
Uusikirkko	Уусикиркко	641.70	398.73	Polyany
{{ill\|Valkjärvi (former municipality)\|fi\|Valkjärvi (Viipurin lääni)\|lt=Valkjärvi}}	Валкъярви	400	248.55	Michurinskoye
Viipuri	Выборг	613.93	381.48	Vyborg
Vuoksela	Вуоксела	135	83.88	Vuoksela
Vuoksenranta	Вуоксенранта	300.22	186.55	Ozyorskoye
{{ill\|Äyräpää (former municipality)\|fi\|Äyräpää\|lt=Äyräpää}}	Эуряпяя	205.7	127.82	Baryshevo