New Delhi#Economy

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| caption1 = The 1931 postage stamp series celebrated the inauguration of New Delhi as the seat of government. The one rupee stamp shows George V with the "Secretariat Building" and Dominion Columns.

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Until December 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Rule. However, it had become the centre of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century, which led to the Partition of Bengal by Viceroy Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments among the public led to a complete boycott of British goods, which forced the colonial government to reunite Bengal and immediately shift the capital to New Delhi.{{Cite news |title=86 years ago New Delhi took over as power capital of India |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/86-years-ago-new-delhi-took-over-as-power-capital-of-india/articleshow/57133366.cms |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301100517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/86-years-ago-new-delhi-took-over-as-power-capital-of-india/articleshow/57133366.cms |archive-date=1 March 2021}}

Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of medieval India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi.{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Tom |date=11 November 2011 |title=Why Delhi? The Move From Calcutta |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/11/why-delhi-the-move-from-calcutta/ |access-date=16 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727073527/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/11/why-delhi-the-move-from-calcutta/ |archive-date=27 July 2020}} The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi, which is in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

During the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, George V while laying the foundation stone for the viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp, declared that the capital of the Raj would be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Tom |date=22 November 2011 |title=In 1911, Rush to Name Delhi as Capital Causes a Crush |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/22/in-1911-rush-to-name-delhi-as-capital-causes-a-crush/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125152453/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/22/in-1911-rush-to-name-delhi-as-capital-causes-a-crush/ |archive-date=25 November 2011}}{{Cite news |date=28 November 2011 |title=Was New Delhi a Death Knell for Calcutta? |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/28/was-new-delhi-a-death-knell-for-calcutta/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130230021/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/28/was-new-delhi-a-death-knell-for-calcutta/ |archive-date=30 November 2011}}{{Cite book |last=Hall |first=P |title=Cities of Tomorrow |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-631-23252-0 |pages=198–206 |author-link=Peter Hall (urbanist)}}[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?sectionName=IndiaSectionPage&id=5720f679-41cd-4e23-a9eb-c2f6b5d707c8Indiaturns61_Special&Headline=Coronation+park+cries+out+for+help Coronation park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502154207/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?sectionName=IndiaSectionPage&id=5720f679-41cd-4e23-a9eb-c2f6b5d707c8Indiaturns61_Special&Headline=Coronation+park+cries+out+for+help |date=2 May 2011 }} Hindustan Times, 14 August 2008. Three days later, George V and his consort, Mary, laid the foundation stone of New Delhi at Kingsway Camp.{{Cite news |last=Lahiri |first=Tripti |date=20 November 2011 |title=The New Delhis That Might Have Been |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/20/the-new-delhis-that-might-have-been/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123011902/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/20/the-new-delhis-that-might-have-been/ |archive-date=23 November 2011}} Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker, both leading 20th-century British architects.{{Cite web |last=Patwant |first=Singh |year=2002–2003 |title=Sir Edwin and the building |url=http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-43_new_delhi.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516181731/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-43_new_delhi.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2011 |access-date=31 December 2013 |publisher=wmf.org}} The contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad Fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The gardening and planning of plantations was led by A.E.P. Griessen, and later William Mustoe.{{Cite journal |last=Bowe |first=Patrick |date=2009 |title=The genius of an artist: William R. Mustoe and the planting of the city of New Delhi and its gardens |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40649671 |url-status=live |journal=Garden History |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=68–79 |issn=0307-1243 |jstor=40649671 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009054323/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40649671 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=28 April 2021}} The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Viceroy Irwin.{{Cite news |date=11 February 1931 |title=New Delhi: The Inaugural Ceremony |page=12 |work=The Times |issue=45744 |location=London}} Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations.{{Cite web |title=Yadgaar |url=http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/pdf/yadgaar.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229182030/http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/pdf/yadgaar.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2009 |access-date=18 May 2010 |publisher=National Museum, New Delhi}}

File:New Delhi government block 03-2016 img6.jpg houses Ministries of Defence, Finance, Home Affairs and External Affairs. It also houses the Prime Minister's office.]]

Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman, and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both north and south sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north–south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites on the north side, the committee settled on the south site.Chishti, p. 225. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone.Chishti, p. 222. Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along the Yamuna River, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926, with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj, and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931.{{Cite news |date=21 July 2011 |title=A fine balance of luxury and care |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/chunk-ht-ui-newdelhi100years-topstories/A-fine-balance-of-luxury-and-care/Article1-723880.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214175839/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/chunk-ht-ui-newdelhi100years-topstories/a-fine-balance-of-luxury-and-care/article1-723880.aspx |archive-date=14 December 2014}}{{Cite news |date=18 January 2011 |title=When Railways nearly derailed New Delhi |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/When-Railways-nearly-derailed-New-Delhi/Article1-652023.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926091104/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/When-Railways-nearly-derailed-New-Delhi/Article1-652023.aspx |archive-date=26 September 2013}} As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD).{{Cite news |date=8 February 2011 |title=CP's blueprint: Bath's Crescent |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/CP-s-blueprint-Bath-s-Crescent/Article1-659739.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103040022/http://www.hindustantimes.com/CP-s-blueprint-Bath-s-Crescent/Article1-659739.aspx |archive-date=3 January 2013}}

After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently, housing for them has developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s.{{Cite news |date=1 September 2011 |title=Capital story: Managing a New Delhi |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Capital-story-Managing-a-New-Delhi/Article1-740284.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208125953/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Capital-story-Managing-a-New-Delhi/Article1-740284.aspx |archive-date=8 December 2012}} Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodi Estate area, Lodi Colony near historic Lodi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.{{Cite news |date=1 September 2011 |title=A tale of two cities |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/A-tale-of-two-cities/Article1-740282.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702164816/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/A-tale-of-two-cities/Article1-740282.aspx |archive-date=2 July 2015}}

After India gained independence in 1947, limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1966, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi.{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Sixty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821020032/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm |archive-date=21 August 2016 |access-date=8 January 2007 |website=The Constitution (Amendment) Acts, The Constitution of India |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India}} A system was introduced under which the elected government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around a wide central vista, Shanti Path.{{Cite book |last=Viswambhar Nath |title=Urbanization, urban development, and metropolitan cities in India |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8069-412-7 |pages=248, 251 |chapter=Delhi Before 1947 |access-date=27 October 2015 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Obd1vEVEPdgC&pg=PA244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923130930/https://books.google.com/books?id=Obd1vEVEPdgC&pg=PA244 |archive-date=23 September 2023 |url-status=live}}

With a total area of {{convert|42.7|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}, the municipality of New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area.{{Cite web |title=NDMC Act |url=http://www.ndmc.gov.in/AboutNDMC/NNDMCAct.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302220220/http://www.ndmc.gov.in/AboutNDMC/NNDMCAct.aspx |archive-date=2 March 2008 |access-date=4 November 2008 |publisher=Ndmc.gov.in}} Since the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravali Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara.{{cite web |title=History - District Shahdara, Government of Delhi |url=https://dmshahdara.delhi.gov.in/about-district/history/ |website=District Shahdara Delhi |access-date=17 December 2024}}

New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes.{{Cite web |title=Hazard profiles of Indian districts |url=http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2006 |access-date=23 August 2006 |website=National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management |publisher=UNDP}} It lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There was a spike in the number of earthquakes between 2011 and 2015, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

{{See also|Climate of Delhi}}

The climate of New Delhi is a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from {{convert|46|°C}} in summers to around {{convert|10|°C}} in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and extremely hot summers with dust storms, relatively dry and mild winters with wildfire haze, and a monsoonal period. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. Winters are very mild. The annual mean temperature is around {{convert|25|°C}}; monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately {{convert|13|to|34|°C|°F|0}}. New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|49.9|°C}} on 28 May 2024 at Met Delhi Mungeshpur while the lowest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|-2.2|°C}} on 11 January 1967 at Indira Gandhi International Airport (formerly known as Palam Airport).{{Cite web |title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 |url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=India Meteorological Department}} The average annual rainfall is {{convert|774.4|mm}} and monsoon rainfall from June to September is about {{convert|640.4|mm}}, most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.{{Cite web |title=Chapter 1: Introduction |url=http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113174155/http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/1.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2016 |access-date=21 December 2006 |website=Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006 |publisher=Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi |pages=1–7}}

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{{See also|Environmental issues in Delhi|Air pollution in Delhi}}

In Mercer's 2015 annual quality-of-living survey, New Delhi ranks at number 154 out of 230 cities due to bad air quality and pollution.{{Cite news |date=8 March 2015 |title=2015 Quality of Living Survey |work=Mercer |url=https://www.uk.mercer.com/newsroom/2015-quality-of-living-survey.html |url-status=dead |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128201250/https://www.uk.mercer.com/newsroom/2015-quality-of-living-survey.html |archive-date=28 January 2019}}{{Cite news |date=8 March 2015 |title=Bad Air Chokes New Delhi's Livability Ranking |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/03/05/bad-air-chokes-new-delhis-livability-ranking/?mod=WSJ_hp_India_EditorsPicks |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214025850/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/03/05/bad-air-chokes-new-delhis-livability-ranking/?mod=WSJ_hp_India_EditorsPicks |archive-date=14 December 2019}} The World Health Organization ranked New Delhi as the world's worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organisation tracked around the world.{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Gardiner |date=8 May 2014 |title=Cities in India Among the Most Polluted, W.H.O. Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/world/asia/cities-in-india-among-the-most-polluted-who-says.html |access-date=10 March 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310104706/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/world/asia/cities-in-india-among-the-most-polluted-who-says.html |url-status=live }} In 2016, United States Environmental Protection Agency listed New Delhi as the most polluted city on Earth{{Cite news |date=8 November 2016 |title=New Delhi is the most polluted city on Earth right now |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/07/asia/india-new-delhi-smog-pollution/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816060132/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/07/asia/india-new-delhi-smog-pollution/index.html |archive-date=16 August 2021}} and IQAir listed New Delhi as the world's most polluted capital city for the second straight year in year 2019.{{Cite news |date=26 February 2020 |title=New Delhi world's most polluted capital again: Study |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/26/new-delhi-worlds-most-polluted-capital-again-study |url-status=live |access-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113043902/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2020/2/26/new-delhi-worlds-most-polluted-capital-again-study |archive-date=13 November 2021}}

File:Connaught Place sunset.jpg]]

In an attempt to lessen air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worse during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered licence plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. In addition, trucks were to be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 pm, two hours later than the existing restriction.{{Cite news |last=Nida Najar |date=4 December 2015 |title=Delhi to Limit Use of Cars in an Effort to Control Pollution |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/world/asia/delhi-announces-pollution-control-measures.html |url-status=live |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205054942/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/world/asia/delhi-announces-pollution-control-measures.html |archive-date=5 December 2015}} The driving restriction scheme was planned to be implemented as a trial from 1 January 2016 for an initial period of 15 days. The restriction was in force between 8 am and 8 pm, and traffic was not restricted on Sundays.{{Cite news |date=8 December 2015 |title=Have taken note of odd-even formula of plying of vehicles: Delhi Police |work=Daily News and Analysis |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-have-taken-note-of-odd-even-formula-of-plying-of-vehicles-delhi-police-2153471 |url-status=live |access-date=9 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194904/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-have-taken-note-of-odd-even-formula-of-plying-of-vehicles-delhi-police-2153471 |archive-date=10 July 2018}} Public transportation service was increased during the restriction period.

On 16 December 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until 31 March 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by 1 March 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital.{{Cite news |last=Nida Najar |date=16 December 2015 |title=India, choking on pollution, Restricts Vehicle Use in Delhi |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/17/world/asia/india-choking-on-pollution-restricts-vehicle-use-in-new-delhi.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218203447/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/17/world/asia/india-choking-on-pollution-restricts-vehicle-use-in-new-delhi.html |archive-date=18 December 2015}}

Analysing real-time vehicle speed data from Uber Delhi revealed that during the odd-even program, average speeds went up by a statistically significant 5.4 per cent (2.8 standard deviations from normal). This means vehicles have less idling time in traffic and vehicle engines would run closer to minimum fuel consumption.{{Cite web |date=19 January 2016 |title=Yes, Delhi, it worked |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/odd-even-policy-delhi-pollution-yes-delhi-it-worked/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929111947/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/odd-even-policy-delhi-pollution-yes-delhi-it-worked/ |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=28 April 2021}} In bordering areas, PM 2.5 levels were recorded more than 400 (ug/m3) while in inner areas in Delhi, they were recorded between 150 and 210 on an average.{{Cite news |date=18 January 2016 |title=Odd-even scheme likely to return in Delhi after March; schools, 2nd car among concerns {{pipe}} Delhi News |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Odd-even-scheme-likely-to-return-in-Delhi-after-March-schools-2nd-car-among-concerns/articleshow/50629135.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225090820/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Odd-even-scheme-likely-to-return-in-Delhi-after-March-schools-2nd-car-among-concerns/articleshow/50629135.cms |archive-date=25 February 2021}} However, the sub-city of Dwarka, located in the southwest district, has a substantially low level of air pollution. At the NSIT University campus, located in sector 3 Dwarka, pollution levels were as low as 93 PPM.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

On 7 November 2017, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency due to high pollution levels.{{Cite web |last=Safi |first=Michael |date=7 November 2017 |title=Delhi doctors declare pollution emergency as smog chokes city |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/delhi-india-declares-pollution-emergency-as-smog-chokes-city |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029001236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/delhi-india-declares-pollution-emergency-as-smog-chokes-city |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=The Guardian}} The highest being in the Punjabi Bagh district with an air quality index of 999 and in the RK Puram district with an index of 852. The lowest index recorded was in the Anand Vihar district with an index of 319.{{Cite web |date=7 November 2017 |title=Delhi air pollution: Public health emergency declared; people advised not to venture outside |url=https://zeenews.india.com/delhi/delhi-air-pollution-public-health-emergency-declared-people-advised-not-to-venture-outside-2054928.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109012213/https://zeenews.india.com/delhi/delhi-air-pollution-public-health-emergency-declared-people-advised-not-to-venture-outside-2054928.html |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=28 April 2021}} Levels of PM2.5 were recorded at 710 μg/m³, more than 11 times the World Health Organization's safe limit.

In a 2018 study, New Delhi was found to be the most polluted capital out of 61 capital cities around the world.{{Cite web |date=6 March 2019 |title=New Delhi is world's most polluted capital |url=https://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=06_03_2019_012_004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224234035/https://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=06_03_2019_012_004 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=6 March 2019 |website=Dawn}} In December 2019, IIT Bombay, in partnership with the McKelvey School of Engineering of Washington University in St. Louis, launched the Aerosol and Air Quality Research Facility to study air pollution in New Delhi, among other Indian cities.{{Cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=McKelvey Engineering, IIT Bombay partner to study air pollution {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/12/new-partnership-brings-together-mckelvey-iit-bombay-to-study-air-pollution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529072244/https://source.wustl.edu/2019/12/new-partnership-brings-together-mckelvey-iit-bombay-to-study-air-pollution/ |archive-date=29 May 2021 |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=The Source |language=en-US}} During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India, the water quality of the Yamuna and Ganges river basins have improved as industries are closed due to the lockdown.{{Cite web |date=4 April 2020 |title=Lockdown makes Ganga water significantly cleaner |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/lockdown-makes-ganga-water-significantly-cleaner-11586022134242.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813030621/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/lockdown-makes-ganga-water-significantly-cleaner-11586022134242.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=22 April 2020 |publisher=LiveMint}}{{Cite web |last1=Naqvi |first1=Haider |last2=Kumar |first2=Sudhir |date=4 April 2020 |title=Lockdown does what decades of schemes couldn't: Clean Ganga |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/anxiety-more-time-to-study-for-40k-students-stranded-in-kota/story-LgCluBkrFEITG9qyX16IEI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411122442/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/anxiety-more-time-to-study-for-40k-students-stranded-in-kota/story-LgCluBkrFEITG9qyX16IEI.html |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2020 |publisher=HT Digital Streams Ltd.}}{{Cite web |date=22 April 2020 |title=India's coronavirus lockdown reveals fresh air, cleaner rivers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-lockdown-india-fresh-air-clean-rivers-1669726-2020-04-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411122442/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-lockdown-india-fresh-air-clean-rivers-1669726-2020-04-22 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2020 |publisher=Living Media India Ltd.}}{{Cite web |last=Babu |first=Nikhil |date=14 April 2020 |title=Yamuna cleaner due to lockdown |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/yamuna-cleaner-due-to-lockdown/article31342401.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411122442/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/yamuna-cleaner-due-to-lockdown/article31342401.ece |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=22 April 2020 |website=The Hindu}} The air quality has also significantly improved during the lockdown.{{Cite news |title=The silver lining: air pollution dips amid the lockdown |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/the-silver-lining-air-pollution-dips-amid-the-lockdown-1671422-2020-04-26 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411122443/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/the-silver-lining-air-pollution-dips-amid-the-lockdown-1671422-2020-04-26 |archive-date=11 April 2021}} On 5 November 2020, New Delhi recorded its most toxic day in a year, as the concentration of poisonous PM2.5 particles was recorded at 14 times the WHO's safe limit.{{Cite web |title=India's capital New Delhi suffers most toxic air in a year |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/5/indias-capital-new-delhi-suffers-most-toxic-air-in-a-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116030854/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/5/indias-capital-new-delhi-suffers-most-toxic-air-in-a-year |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}

[[File:2015 Air pollution in New Delhi (AQI).svg|thumb|upright=4.1|centre|2015 Air pollution in New Delhi (PM2.5 AQI)

{{Columns-start}}

{{legend|#7e0023| Hazardous }}

{{legend|#9900ac| Very Unhealthy }}

{{legend|#ff0000| Unhealthy}}

{{Column}}

{{legend|#ff7e00| Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups}}

{{legend|#ffff00| Moderate }}

{{legend|#00e400| Good}}

{{Columns-end}}

]]

As of 2011, the New Delhi Municipal Council area has a population of 249,998. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes.{{Cite web |date=6 July 2019 |title=Know about Delhi Fast Facts, Area, population, Geographical Location, Languages |url=https://www.delhicapital.com/about-delhi/fast-facts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926054706/https://www.delhicapital.com/about-delhi/fast-facts.html |archive-date=26 September 2021 |access-date=8 February 2020}} New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is the highest in Delhi.{{Cite web |title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=26 March 2012 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}

{{Historical population

| source = Government of India{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 January 2024 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302113812/https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |url-status=live }}

|1931 | 73653

|1941 | 93733

|1951 | 276314

|1961 | 261545

|1971 | 301801

|1981 | 273036

|1991 | 301297

|2001 | 302363

|2011 | 257803

|align = right

}}

{{bar box|width = 300px

|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"

|title=Religion in New Delhi (NDMC)

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|89.82}}

{{bar percent|Islam|#009000|4.50}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|Blue|2.93}}

{{bar percent|Sikhism|#FFFF00|1.97}}

{{bar percent|Jainism|#9955BB|0.42}}

{{bar percent|Others|#808080|0.36}}

}}

According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the religion of 89.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities of Muslims (4.5%), Christians (2.9%), Sikhs (2.0%), Jains (0.4%).{{Cite web |title=Religion PCA |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0700.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707231710/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0700.xlsx |archive-date=7 July 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Government of India}} In the downloaded Excel file, scroll down to row number 56 which mentions religious data for NDMC. Other religious groups include Parsis, Buddhists, and Jews.{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Data on Religion |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514045222/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ |archive-date=14 May 2007 |access-date=16 May 2006 |publisher=Census of India 2001 |page=1}}

{{clear}}

Sacred Heart Cathedral (New Delhi) sky adj.jpg|Sacred Heart Cathedral, designed by Henry Medd based on Italian architecture

Gurudwara Bangla Sahib in New Delhi 03-2016 img3.jpg|Gurudwara Bangla Sahib,
a Sikh Gurdwara

Laxminarayan Temple in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|Laxminarayan Temple,
a Hindu Mandir

Purana Qila -New Delhi -Delhi -DSC 0002.jpg|Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque inside Old Fort,
a mosque

{{Main|New Delhi Municipal Council|Government of Delhi|Delhi Police}}

The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.

File:Three Municipalities of Delhi as of 2022.png

File:Dehli districts.png

New Delhi is administered through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). The other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and Delhi Cantonment Board. {{As of|2015}}, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government.

The districts of the NCT were redrawn in 2012 and include a district called New Delhi, albeit with different borders than the municipality. The New Delhi district includes not only the area of the municipality of the same name but also encompasses the Delhi Cantonment and parts of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi area.

{{See also|Category:Companies based in New Delhi|label 1=Companies in New Delhi}}

New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of {{INRConvert|1595|b}} in nominal terms and ~{{INRConvert|6800|b}} in PPP terms.{{Cite web |title=Government of NCT of Delhi |url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=32 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510144310/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=32 |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=14 June 2012 |publisher=Indian Government}} {{As of|2013}}, the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the prices for 2012–13 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion (short scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011–12.{{Cite web |title=Delhi's per capita income highest in country |url=http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/cdae30804f9d52d88385c7fb6b929e93/newpaper+clip.PDF?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-1585547974&CACHEID=cdae30804f9d52d88385c7fb6b929e93 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205427/http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/cdae30804f9d52d88385c7fb6b929e93/newpaper+clip.PDF?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-1585547974&CACHEID=cdae30804f9d52d88385c7fb6b929e93 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=28 October 2013}}

Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. The government and quasi-government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media, and tourism.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

File:Skyline at Rajiv Chowk.JPG in Delhi is an important economic hub of the National Capital Region.}}|alt=A view of a road at Connaught Place showing busy traffic]]

The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.{{Cite news |date=21 April 2011 |title=New Delhi: Overall rank 37; Economic activity rank 39 by 2011 Wealth Report |publisher=Rediff Business |url=https://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-new-delhi-mumbai-in-top-global-cities-index/20110421.htm |url-status=live |access-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926054654/https://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-new-delhi-mumbai-in-top-global-cities-index/20110421.htm |archive-date=26 September 2021}} New Delhi, with Beijing, shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.{{Cite news |date=9 May 2013 |title=New Delhi is now among global retail hotspots |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/New-Delhi-is-now-among-global-retail-hotspots/Article1-1057665.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511135751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/New-Delhi-is-now-among-global-retail-hotspots/Article1-1057665.aspx |archive-date=11 May 2013}}

The government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 830.85 billion (for the year 2004–05){{Cite web |title=Chapter 2: State Income |url=http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614085129/http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/2.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=21 December 2006 |website=Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006 |publisher=Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi |pages=8–16}} and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976 ($1,200). In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a per capita Income of Rs. {{formatnum:116886}} ($2,595). It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs. {{formatnum:135814}} ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal. New Delhi's per capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.

The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at prices for the year 2011–12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 trillion (short scale), which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.{{Cite web |title=Delhi's GDP at Rs 3 lakh cr for 2011–12 – Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/delhis-gdp-at-rs-3-lakh-cr-for-201112/942442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006142337/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/delhis-gdp-at-rs-3-lakh-cr-for-201112/942442 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=8 February 2020 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}

New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August), the prime minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.{{Cite web |last=Ray Choudhury |first=Ray Choudhury |date=28 January 2002 |title=R-Day parade, an anachronism? |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article28952306.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224170519/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article28952306.ece |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=13 January 2007 |website=Business Line}}{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Durga Puja, Chhath Puja, Mahavir Jayanti, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Easter, Raksha Bandhan, and Christmas.{{Cite web |title=Fairs & Festivals of Delhi |url=http://www.india-tourism.org/delhi-travel-info/delhi-fairs-festivals.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516122306/http://www.india-tourism.org/delhi-travel-info/delhi-fairs-festivals.html |archive-date=16 May 2008 |access-date=13 January 2007 |website=Delhi Travel |publisher=India Tourism.org}} The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.{{Cite news |last=Tankha |first=Madhur |date=15 December 2005 |title=It's Sufi and rock at Qutub Fest |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121503090200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=13 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513084038/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121503090200.htm |archive-date=13 May 2006}} Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

File:India national museum 01.jpg in New Delhi is one of the largest museums in India.]]

New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum, which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48,{{Cite web |title=History of the National Museum |url=http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328061518/http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/history.html |archive-date=28 March 2010 |access-date=25 January 2011}} was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.{{Cite news |date=1 February 2011 |title=Delhi- 100 years as the Capital |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2011/02/01/stories/2011020150210200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616135042/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2011/02/01/stories/2011020150210200.htm |archive-date=16 June 2011}}

The India Gate, which was built in 1931, was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who died while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War. The monument is barricaded now with entry to the inside arch restricted.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The Rajpath, which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris, is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India, located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. The Beating retreat takes place here two days later.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

File:Gandhi Memorial.jpg, the final resting place of Mahatma Gandhi]]

Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of the large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum.{{Cite news |date=12 January 2012 |title=Complete list of Museums in city of New Delhi and Union Territory of Delhi |publisher=Government of Delhi, India |url=http://delhigovt.nic.in/museum.asp#15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409153505/http://delhigovt.nic.in/museum.asp |archive-date=9 April 2012}} and Supreme Court of India Museum,{{Cite news |date=19 October 2012 |title=Supreme Court of India – Museum |publisher=Supreme Court of India |url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/supct/scm/scimuseum_publish.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121026/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/supct/scm/scimuseum_publish.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016}}

In the coming years, a new National War Memorial and Museum will be constructed in New Delhi{{Cite news |date=19 October 2012 |title=National War Memorial and National War Memorial Museum to come up at India Gate at New Delhi, India |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/national-war-memorial-to-come-up-at-india-gate/991366 |url-status=live |access-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117011658/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/national-war-memorial-to-come-up-at-india-gate/991366 |archive-date=17 January 2013}}{{Cite news |date=19 October 2012 |title=Finally, plans for National War Memorial approved: Defence Minister of India |publisher=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/finally-plans-for-national-war-memorial-approved-defence-minister-256172 |url-status=dead |access-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213195528/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/finally-plans-for-national-war-memorial-approved-defence-minister-256172 |archive-date=13 December 2013}} for {{INRConvert|4000|m|nolink=yes}}.{{Cite news |date=24 August 2014 |title=National War Memorial finalized at India Gate complex |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-War-Memorial-finalized-at-India-Gate-complex/articleshow/40615307.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121075035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-War-Memorial-finalized-at-India-Gate-complex/articleshow/40615307.cms |archive-date=21 November 2021}}{{Cite news |date=12 July 2014 |title=National War Memorial: What It Could Look Like |publisher=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/national-war-memorial-what-it-could-look-like-556994 |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819052811/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/national-war-memorial-what-it-could-look-like-556994 |archive-date=19 August 2014}}

New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) area was declared the cleanest in North India, based on solid waste management, access to sanitation and other parameters of cleanliness, under the zone-wise Swachh Survekshan 2017.{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Alok K. N. |date=5 May 2017 |title=New Delhi cleanest in north: Swachh survey |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-delhi-cleanest-in-north-swachh-survey/articleshow/58527079.cms |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118153903/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-delhi-cleanest-in-north-swachh-survey/articleshow/58527079.cms |archive-date=18 November 2021}}

File:Rashtrapati Bhavan (Dehli).jpg is the official residence of the President of India.]]

Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial ambitions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath ({{langx|hi|राजपथ|lit=Path of the People|links=no}}), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. Nineteen foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath ({{langx|hi|शांतिपथ|lit=Path of Peace|links=no}}), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India.{{Cite web |title=Embassies in Delhi, Embassies Address, Contacts, E-Mail, Delhi Embassies |url=https://www.delhionline.in/city-guide/embassies-in-delhi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506131932/https://www.delhionline.in/city-guide/embassies-in-delhi/ |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=4 November 2008 |publisher=Delhionline.in}}

At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.{{Cite book |title=The Millennium Book on New Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press, US |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-565445-5}}{{Cite web |title=New Delhi's controversial birth |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/new-delhis-controversial-birth-566998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227143415/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/new-delhis-controversial-birth-566998 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=10 March 2012 |publisher=NDTV}} All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.

It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911.{{Cite news |date=30 January 2012 |title=The Building of New Delhi |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/16/the-building-of-new-delhi/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804131621/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/11/16/the-building-of-new-delhi/ |archive-date=4 August 2020}} Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design was due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In the year 2019, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and Government of India introduced the Central Vista redevelopment project proposing the redevelopment of over {{Convert|440|ha}},{{Cite news |date=21 November 2020 |title=Diversity, efficiency, flexibility: The brief for redeveloping New Delhi's Central Vista |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/central-vista-project-new-delhi-dr-bimal-patel-parliament-prime-minister-office-rajpath-6212011/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123150402/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/central-vista-project-new-delhi-dr-bimal-patel-parliament-prime-minister-office-rajpath-6212011/ |archive-date=23 January 2021}} costing {{INRConvert|20000|c|lk=on|year=2020}}.{{Cite news |date=21 November 2020 |title=Centre to SC: Rs 20,000 Crore Central Vista project saves money, not wastes it |work=National Herald |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/centre-to-sc-rs-20000-crore-central-vista-project-saves-money-not-wastes-it |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414224840/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/centre-to-sc-rs-20000-crore-central-vista-project-saves-money-not-wastes-it |archive-date=14 April 2021}}

{{Main|Transport in Delhi}}

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| alt1 = Shown here is the check-in counter at Terminal 2 of the airport.

| caption1 = Indira Gandhi International Airport's new terminal. It is the busiest and the largest airport in South Asia.{{Cite web |date=2 May 1986 |title=Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI) |url=http://airport-delhi.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313040432/http://airport-delhi.com/ |archive-date=13 March 2016 |access-date=7 September 2009 |publisher=Airport-delhi.com}} Shown here is the check-in counter at Terminal 3 of the airport.|

| image3 = Sculpture of hasta mudras at Indira Gandhi International Airport.jpg|

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| image5 = Delhi Faridabad Skyway.png|

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| image7 = Delhi Noida Direct flyway (Uttar Pradesh - 2011-06-18).jpg|

| caption7 = The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway)

| alt7 = A Delhi underground metro station

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Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012–13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers,{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost {{INRConvert|96.8|b}} to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually.{{Cite web |date=18 February 2007 |title=India begins $1.94b Delhi airport revamp |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007\02\18\story_18-2-2007_pg5_24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116121748/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C02%5C18%5Cstory_18-2-2007_pg5_24 |archive-date=16 January 2009 |access-date=3 November 2008 |website=Daily Times |location=Pakistan}}

The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India.{{Cite news |date=23 September 2011 |title=Mecca for young aviators |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Mecca-for-young-aviators/Article1-749072.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715193135/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Mecca-for-young-aviators/Article1-749072.aspx |archive-date=15 July 2015}} The airport functioned until 2001; however, in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.{{Cite news |date=13 April 2011 |title=Ministries in row over Safdarjung Airport land |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Ministries-in-row-over-Safdarjung-Airport-land/articleshow/7964868.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127185501/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-13/delhi/29413456_1_ud-ministry-safdarjung-airport-aviation-ministry |archive-date=27 January 2013}}

In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International.{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=ACI Airport Service Quality Awards 2009, Asia Pacific airports sweep top places in worldwide awards |url=http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-7-46%255E35015_666_2__ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512200746/http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-7-46%255E35015_666_2__ |archive-date=12 May 2012 |access-date=1 January 2023}} The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International.{{Cite web |date=29 February 2016 |title=ASQ Testimonials |url=https://aci.aero/news/2016/02/29/airports-council-international-announces-2015-airport-service-quality-award-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123160310/https://aci.aero/2016/02/29/airports-council-international-announces-2015-airport-service-quality-award-winners/ |archive-date=23 November 2021 |access-date=19 January 2017 |website=www.aci.aero}} Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.{{Cite web |date=17 March 2015 |title=Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport bags two international awards in Paris |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/delhis-indira-gandhi-international-airport-bags-two-international-awards-in-paris/articleshow/46587892.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230236/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/delhis-indira-gandhi-international-airport-bags-two-international-awards-in-paris/articleshow/46587892.cms |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=The Economic Times}}

A second airport, Noida International Airport, is currently being built in Jewar.

New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns the largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world and Delhi Transit. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in India and average vehicle speed is around {{cvt|15–20|km/h}} in peak hours in the city.{{Cite web |date=15 December 2016 |title=Capital chaos: Delhi's traffic has slowed down and doubled time spent on roads |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/capital-chaos-delhi-s-traffic-has-slowed-down-and-doubled-time-spent-on-roads/story-ZTp1UviD50hOXvdZpGs8FN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230239/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/capital-chaos-delhi-s-traffic-has-slowed-down-and-doubled-time-spent-on-roads/story-ZTp1UviD50hOXvdZpGs8FN.html |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=28 April 2021}}

Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of New Delhi's road infrastructure:

• Inner Ring Road is one of the most important "state highways" in New Delhi. It is a {{Convert|51|km|abbr=on}} long circular road, which connects important areas in New Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-free.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
• Outer Ring Road is another major artery in New Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
• The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway) is an eight-laned access controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi and Delhi to Noida (an important satellite city of Uttar Pradesh). The acronym DND stands for "Delhi-Noida Direct".{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
• 'The Delhi Gurgaon Expressway is a {{Convert|28|km|abbr=on}} expressway connecting New Delhi to Gurgaon, an important satellite city of Haryana.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
• The Delhi Faridabad Skyway is controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi to Faridabad, an important satellite city of Haryana.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

New Delhi is connected by road to the rest of India through National highways:{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

• National Highway 19 (India) (old number: NH 2), commonly referred to as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a busy Indian National Highway that runs through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
• National Highway 44 (India) is a National Highway that connects Srinagar with Kanyakumari and passes through Delhi.
• National Highway 48 (India) is a National Highway that connects New Delhi with Chennai.
• National Highway 9 (India) is a National Highway that connects Malout in Punjab to Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand and passes through Delhi.

File:Gare-New-Delhi-intérieur.JPG

New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Delhi Junction, Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station, Anand Vihar Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.{{Cite web |title=Chapter 12: Transport |url=http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116044119/http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/12.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2007 |access-date=21 December 2006 |website=Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006 |publisher=Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi |pages=130–146}} The Delhi Ring Railway, a {{Convert|35|km|abbr=|adj=on}} circular railway network in Delhi that runs parallel to the Ring Road, is a part of Delhi's suburban railway services.{{Cite news |date=22 February 2011 |title=Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/changing-delhi-map-makes-ring-railway-redundant/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230239/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/changing-delhi-map-makes-ring-railway-redundant/ |archive-date=17 November 2021}}

{{Main|Delhi Metro}}

File:DelhiMetroBlueLineBombardier.jpg]]

The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. Presently, the network consists of 10 colour-coded lines{{Cite web |title=Present Network |url=https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/present-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102184258/https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/present-network |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.delhimetrorail.com}} serving 255 stations{{efn|name=fn1|Transfer stations are counted more than once. There are 24 transfer stations. If transfer stations are counted only once, the result will be 230 stations. Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Green Line share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted. If stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are counted, the result will be 286 stations{{Cite web |title=Route map |url=https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/network_map |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503094904/https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/network_map |archive-date=3 May 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.delhimetrorail.com}}{{Cite web |title=Introduction {{!}} DMRC |url=https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/introduction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416024331/https://www.delhimetrorail.com/pages/en/introduction |archive-date=16 April 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |website=www.delhimetrorail.com}}}} with a total length of {{convert|348.12|km|abbr=}}.{{efn|name=fn2|The total length of Delhi Metro is {{convert|348.12|km}}. The operations & maintenance of Gurgaon Metro and Noida Metro is currently undertaken by DMRC, so the total length operated by DMRC is {{convert|390.14|km}}.}} The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach Ghaziabad and Noida in Uttar Pradesh, and Faridabad and Gurgaon in Haryana. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge. According to a study, Delhi Metro has helped in removing about 390,000 vehicles from the streets of Delhi.{{Cite news |title=Delhi Metro helps keep 3.9 lakh vehicles off roads in 2014 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/delhi-metro-helps-keep-3-9-lakh-vehicles-off-roads-in-2014/articleshow/45717584.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230443/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/delhi-metro-helps-keep-3-9-lakh-vehicles-off-roads-in-2014/articleshow/45717584.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 November 2021}}

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from the Government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides the construction and operation of the Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by E. Sreedharan, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned{{Cite web |title=E Sreedharan resigns as Delhi Metro chief |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/e-sreedharan-resigns-as-delhi-metro-chief-397775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230236/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/e-sreedharan-resigns-as-delhi-metro-chief-397775 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=NDTV.com}} from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse{{Cite news |date=12 July 2009 |title=Under-construction Delhi Metro bridge collapses, 5 killed |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/under-construction-delhi-metro-bridge-collapses-5-killed-109071200064_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117230242/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/under-construction-delhi-metro-bridge-collapses-5-killed-109071200064_1.html |archive-date=17 November 2021}} which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the Legion of Honour by the French government for his contribution to Delhi Metro.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

File:Commonwealth-Games-2010-Opening-Ceremony.jpg opening ceremony at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium. In the foreground, there is an aerostat.]]

The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested{{Cite news |date=26 June 2010 |title=India Reportedly Keen To Bid For 2a019 ASIAD |work=Yahoo! News Malaysia |agency=Bernama |url=http://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/bnm/20100625/tsp-sports-asian-games-cc21d00.html |access-date=27 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games.{{Cite news |date=2 August 2010 |title=Indian government says no to bid for 2019 Asian Games |work=NDTV India |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports/government-says-no-to-bid-for-2019-asian-games-sources-41508 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805000601/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports/government-says-no-to-bid-for-2019-asian-games-sources-41508 |archive-date=5 August 2010}} The city also had a bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics, but withdrew in March 1986, seven months before the host selection.{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=Philip Barker: An Olympic passage to India 40 years ago |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1141451/an-olympic-passage-to-india-40-years-ago |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1 March 1986 |title=New Delhi withdrew its candidacy for the... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-01-sp-13231-story.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}

Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Arun Jaitley Stadium, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.

{{Main|Declaration of Delhi|}}

{{See also|List of diplomatic missions in India}}

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The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi.{{Cite web |title=The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP |url=http://www.apctt.org/about_us/aboutus.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813064613/http://apctt.org/about_us/aboutus.html |archive-date=13 August 2013 |publisher=Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology, UNESCAP}} New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS. UNHCR Representation in India is also located in the city.

New Delhi hosts 145 foreign embassies and high commissions.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development hosted its second meeting conference in the year 1968 at New Delhi.

New Delhi hosted the 7th NAM Summit in 1983, 4th BRICS Summit{{Cite web |title=Plans for the BRICS Delhi Summit: March 29, 2012 |url=http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/plans/brics-plans-120110.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612085848/http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/plans/brics-plans-120110.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2021 |access-date=16 January 2012 |publisher=brics.utoronto.ca}} in 2012, IBSA Summit in 2015,{{Cite news |date=17 July 2014 |title=India to host IBSA Summit 2015 in New Delhi |work=Business Standard |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-to-host-ibsa-summit-2015-in-new-delhi-114071700779_1.html |url-status=dead |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144805/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-to-host-ibsa-summit-2015-in-new-delhi-114071700779_1.html |archive-date=24 February 2021}}{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Mahim Pratap |date=17 July 2014 |title=India to host IBSA Summit next year |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/India-to-host-IBSA-Summit-next-year/article11269923.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225162107/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/India-to-host-IBSA-Summit-next-year/article11269923.ece |archive-date=25 February 2021}} and 5th Global Conference on CyberSpace in 2017.{{Cite web |title=India to Host Global Conference on Cyber Space 2017 – World's Largest Conference on Cyber Space |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168850 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216073814/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168850 |archive-date=16 December 2018 |access-date=25 July 2017 |website=Press Information Bureau}}{{Cite news |last=Agarwal |first=Surabhi |date=21 July 2017 |title=PM Narendra Modi to inaugurate Global Conference on Cyber Space |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/pm-narendra-modi-to-inaugurate-global-conference-on-cyber-space/articleshow/59701561.cms |url-status=live |access-date=25 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224055757/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/pm-narendra-modi-to-inaugurate-global-conference-on-cyber-space/articleshow/59701561.cms |archive-date=24 February 2021}} India has also host the G20 summit in 2023 in New Delhi.{{Cite news |last=Chaudhury |first=Dipanjan Roy |date=2 December 2018 |title=India to host G20 summit in 2022 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-host-g20-summit-in-2022/articleshow/66900904.cms |url-status=live |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104757/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-host-g20-summit-in-2022/articleshow/66900904.cms |archive-date=8 November 2020}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in India}}

• Moscow, Russia{{Cite news |date=7 September 2012 |title=Moscow and New Delhi twin cities strengthen friendly ties |url=http://rusembindia.com/embassy-news/5112-moscow-and-new-delhi-twin-cities-strengthen-friendly-ties |url-status=dead |access-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008154517/http://rusembindia.com/embassy-news/5112-moscow-and-new-delhi-twin-cities-strengthen-friendly-ties |archive-date=8 October 2016}}
• Beijing, China (2013){{Cite web |last=Rajan |first=DS |date=27 October 2013 |title=India & China: An Assessment of October 2013 Agreements |url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/india-china-an-assessment-of-october-2013-agreements-mou-on-4152.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117222343/http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/india-china-an-assessment-of-october-2013-agreements-mou-on-4152.html |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=4 February 2015 |website=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies}}

• Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation
• Urban Health Resource Centre

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Byron, Robert. |title=Architectural Review, New Delhi |publisher=Asian Educational Services; 2 edition |year=1997 |isbn=978-8120612860 |location=London |pages=36 pages}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Pramod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAAhQwAACAAJ |title=New Delhi: Making of a Capital |last2=Malvika Singh |last3=Rudrangshu Mukherjee |publisher=Lustre Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-7436-574-3}}
• {{Cite book |last=Byron |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/stream/NewDelhiByRobertByron/New%20Delhi%20by%20Robert%20Byron#page/n1/mode/2up |title=New Delhi |publisher=The Architectural Review, Westminster |year=1931 |author-link=Robert Byron (travel writer)}}
• Johnson, David A. "A British Empire for the twentieth century: the inauguration of New Delhi, 1931", Urban History, Dec 2008, Vol. 35 Issue 3, pp. 462–487.
• {{Cite book |last=Volwahsen, Andreas. |title=Imperial Delhi: The British Capital of the Indian Empire |publisher=Prestel Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=978-3-7913-2788-4 |pages=320 pages}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Pushpam |date=February 2009 |title=Assessment of Economic Drivers of Land Use Change in Urban Ecosystems of Delhi, India |journal=Ambio |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=35–39 |doi=10.1579/0044-7447-38.1.35 |pmid=19260345 |bibcode=2009Ambio..38...35K |s2cid=45773128}}
• Ridley, Jane. "Edwin Lutyens, New Delhi, and the Architecture of Imperialism", Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History, May 1998, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp. 67–83.
• {{Cite book |last=Bardiar, Nilendra. |title=Urban, Cultural, Economic and Social Transformation: History of New Delhi 1947–65 |publisher=Ruby Press & Co. |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-82395-49-2 |location=New Delhi}}
• Sonne, Wolfgang. Representing the State: Capital City Planning in the Early Twentieth Century (2003) 367pp; compares New Delhi, Canberra, Washington & Berlin.
• {{Cite book |last=Pothen, Nayantara. |title=Glittering Decades New Delhi in Love and War |publisher=Penguin |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-670-08600-9 |pages=288 pages}}

{{Wikiquote}}

{{Commons and category|New Delhi}}

• [https://www.delhi.gov.in/ New Delhi Government Portal]
• [https://www.ndmc.gov.in/ New Delhi Municipal Council]
• [https://delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/index.jsp Official website of Delhi Tourism]

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