Northern Mindanao

The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao island. The term was officially coined by the Americans after the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines due to the defeat of Filipino revolutionaries. There have been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the Cebuano ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to 'northern area' from the Cebuano language, which is the lingua franca of the region.

Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36 in September 2001.{{cite web|title=Executive Order No. 36; Providing for the Reorganization of the Administrative Regions in Mindanao and for Other Purposes|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/09/19/executive-order-no-36-s-2001/|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=March 29, 2016|location=Malacañang, Manila, Philippines|date=September 19, 2001|quote=SECTION 2. Region X, known as Northern Mindanao, is hereby reorganized and shall be composed of the following provinces and cities: a. Provinces i. Bukidnon ii. Camiguin iii. Lanao del Norte iv. Misamis Occidental v. Misamis Oriental b. Cities i. Cagayan de Oro City ii. Gingoog City iii. Iligan City iv. Malaybalay City v. Oroquieta City vi. Ozamis City vii. Tangub City viii. Valencia City, Bukidnon}}

Northern Mindanao has a total land area of {{Convert|2049602|ha}}. More than 60% of Northern Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products. The abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.

Northern Mindanao consists of five provinces, two highly urbanized cities, seven component cities, 84 municipalities, and 2,022 barangays.

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| footnote= Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf |title=Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities |work=2010 Census and Housing Population |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=August 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928012059/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2013 }}

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Northern Mindanao is the 8th most populous region in the Philippines and 2nd in Mindanao (after Davao Region) according to the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority Census. The major urban area of Region X is Metro Cagayan de Oro which includes Cagayan de Oro and some municipalities and cities of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon.

The vast majority of the region's inhabitants descended from migrants from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor and Negros Oriental. Some other inhabitants are of Bicolano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Waray, Zamboangueño, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug descent, while the autochthonous Bukidnons and Manobos populate the inner highlands.

The largest religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholicism forming 72% of the population and Protestants forming a significant minority of 14%. The second largest religion is Islam, forming 8% of the population.{{Cite web |url=http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/_REGION%20X_Statistical%20Tables.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304173544/http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/_REGION%20X_Statistical%20Tables.xls |url-status=dead }}

The main language spoken in the region is Cebuano which is spoken with Northern Mindanao variant that is slightly different from standard Cebuano. The region is also home to sizeable speakers of Bohol dialect of Cebuano. Higaonon, Manobo and Binukid are among the languages native in the region, as are Maguindanaon and Maranao. Also spoken varyingly in the region are Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan and Waray. Tagalog (Filipino) and English are widely understood and often used for administrative functions by the local government, business and in education.

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The economy of Northern Mindanao is the second largest regional economy in the island of Mindanao.{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweekmindanao.com/2010/01/region-10-mindanaos-dominant-regional.html|title=Region 10: Mindanao's dominant regional economy|last=Pelone|first=Ruel V.|date=February 7, 2010|publisher=Business Week Mindanao|access-date=February 4, 2010|location=Cagayan de Oro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708105130/http://www.businessweekmindanao.com/2010/01/region-10-mindanaos-dominant-regional.html/|archive-date=July 8, 2011|url-status=dead}} While still a mainly agricultural region, there is also a booming growth of industries particularly in Cagayan de Oro and in Iligan. Del Monte Philippines is located in the province of Bukidnon and its processing plant is located in Cagayan de Oro, where it ships its products to the rest of the Philippines and Asia-Pacific region. The Agus-IV to VII Hydroelectric Plants in Iligan and Balo-i supply most of its electrical power in Mindanao.

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{{main|Bukidnon#Notable people|Camiguin#Notable people|Lanao del Norte#Notable person|Iligan#Notable personalities|Misamis Occidental#Notable people|Category:People from Misamis Oriental|List of people from Cagayan de Oro}}

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{{Geographic location

| title = Regions adjacent to Northern Mindanao

| Centre = Northern Mindanao

| North = Central Visayas
Bohol Sea

| West = Zamboanga Peninsula

| East = Caraga

| Southeast = Davao Region

| South = Bangsamoro, Soccsksargen

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Category:Regions of the Philippines