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October 1912

{{short description|Month of 1912}}

{{events by month|1912}}

{{calendar|year=1912|month=October}}

File:JohnSchrank2.jpg shoots Theodore Roosevelt at Milwaukee]]

File:Treaty of Lausanne 1912.jpg

File:Roosevelt on the Stump.JPG

File:Yaroslav Veshin - Na nozh.jpg

The following events occurred in October 1912:

October 1, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The capital of British India was formally moved to Delhi from Calcutta.{{cite book |first=DeWitt C. |last=Ellinwood |title=Between Two Worlds: A Rajput Officer in the Indian Army, 1905-21 : Based on the Diary of Amar Singh of Jaipur |publisher=University Press of America |year=2005 |page=188}}
  • Turkey and Greece both mobilized their armies in preparation of war.{{cite news |title=Servian Demand Rejected |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 2, 1912}}{{cite news |title=Ottoman Army to Be Mobilized |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 3, 1912}}{{cite book |title=The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1913 |pages=xxxvii-xxxix}}
  • The tenth Salon d'Automne was held in Paris. Over 1,770 works were on display for over a month, with artists focused on Cubism given their own exhibit room as well a Cubist architecture installation by Raymond Duchamp-Villon titled La Maison Cubiste. Artistic works exhibited included paintings Dancer in a Café and Femme à l'Éventail by Jean Metzinger, Man on a Balcony, The Bathers, Harvest Threshing and Passy, Bridges of Paris by Albert Gleizes, The Spring by Francis Picabia, and sculptures Groupe de femmes and Danseuse by Joseph Csaky.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jsoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA153 |first=Meredith L. |last=Clausen |author-link=Meredith Clausen |title=Frantz Jourdain and the Samaritaine, Décoration & le Rationalisme Architecturaux à l'Exposition Universelle |location=Leiden |publisher=E.J. Brill |year=1987 |isbn=90-04-07879-7 |page=153 |via=Google Books}} Following the closing of the art event, Metzinger and Gleizes published On "Cubism", the first major text detailing the theory and techniques surrounding the emerging art movement.{{cite book |last1=Gleizes |first1=Albert |author1-link=Albert Gleizes |last2=Metzinger |first2=Jean |author2-link=Jean Metzinger |title=Du Cubisme |title-link=Du "Cubisme" |location=Paris |year=1912 |pages=9–11, 13–14, 17–21, 25–32 |language=fr}}, cited in {{cite book |url=http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf |language=en |first=Robert L. |last=Herbert |title=Modern Artists on Art |publisher=Englewood Cliffs |year=1964 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602141918/http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf |archive-date=2 June 2013 |series=Art Humanities Primary Source Reading |volume=46 |via=Columbia University}}
  • Edmund Knox, Bishop of Manchester, consecrated St John's Church in Great Harwood, Lancashire, England.{{cite web |url=http://www.stbartschurch.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Itemid=53 |title=St John's Church |access-date=10 April 2012 |publisher=St Bartholomew, Great Harwood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022020355/http://www.stbartschurch.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Itemid=53 |archive-date=22 October 2012}}
  • Aboard the U.S. Navy destroyer {{USS|Walke|DD-34}}, the port main turbine split open, killing five men.{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/c/casualties-usnavy-marinecorps-personnel-killed-injured-selected-accidents-other-incidents-notdirectly-result-enemy-action.html#1900 |title=Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action |date=3 November 2020 |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=19 February 2023}}
  • Born: Kathleen Ollerenshaw, British mathematician, known for research in order theory and abstract algebra; as Kathleen Timpson, in Withington, England (d. 2014){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 2, 1912 (Wednesday)

October 3, 1912 (Thursday)

File:From the Manger to the Cross.jpg]]

  • General Smedley Butler and Colonel Joseph Henry Pendleton of the United States Marine Corps had given Nicaraguan rebel general Benjamín Zeledón an ultimatum to surrender the El Coyotepe fortress by 8:00 am or face bombardment by American artillery and then an invasion. The rebels refused to capitulate, and American shelling began minutes later.Max Boot, The Savage Wars Of Peace: Small Wars And The Rise Of American Power (Basic Books, 2003) p. 248
  • Turkish frontier guards attacked troops of Montenegro at Berane.
  • Crowds in Constantinople demonstrated in favor of Turkey going to war with Bulgaria.
  • The longest drought in U.S. history began in Bagdad in San Bernardino County, California. For the next 767 days, more than two years, no rain fell on the town in the Mojave Desert.Lee Bennett Hopkins, Days to Celebrate: A Full Year of Poetry, People, Holidays, History, Fascinating Facts, and More (HarperCollins, 2004) p. 87
  • From the Manger to the Cross, the silent film about Jesus, by Sidney Olcott, premiered in London, followed on October 10 by its New York City releaseDaniel Eagan, America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry (Continuum International, 2009) and was the first to be filmed on location in the Holy Land.Freek L. Bakker, The Challenge of the Silver Screen: An Analysis of the Cinematic Portraits of Jesus, Rama, Buddha and Muhammad (BRILL, 2009) p. 16

October 4, 1912 (Friday)

  • Off the coast of Dover, the collision of the Royal Navy submarine HMS B2 with the Hamburg America Line ship Amerika killed 15 sailors. B2 was part of a flotilla of 13 submarines patrolling four miles from Dover as part of Royal Navy maneuvers, and crossed {{convert|60|ft}} in front of the bow of Amerika, which was moving twice as fast and was unable to stop. Only one man, Lt. Richard I. Pulleyne, survived, swimming upward after the sub broke in two."Submarine Is Sunk by Liner; 15 Lost". New York Times. October 5, 1912. p. 4.
  • The U.S. Marines attacked Nicaragua's rebels before dawn, advanced uphill and captured the fortress on El Coyotepe despite being fired on by the remaining rebels. Four Americans and 27 rebels were killed, and another 14 U.S. infantrymen wounded.Daniel Marston and Carter Malkasian, Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare (Osprey Publishing, 2008) pp. 67-68."Nicaraguan Rebel Defeat". New York Times. October 5, 1912.
  • Sixteen-year old black teen Ernest Knox and his friend were tried and convicted for the rape and murder of 18-year old white teen Sleety Mae Crow, in Forsyth County, Georgia. Despite evidence of Knox's confession to the crime pointed to him being under duress from local authorities, both black teens were sentenced to be executed by hanging, bringing an end to most of the immediate racial violence in the county.{{cite book |last=Bramblett |first=Annette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfcqEaqsTZwC |title=Forsyth County: History Stories, The Making of America Series |date=2002-10-01 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-2386-6 |location=Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina |pages=143–147}}
  • The first University of Calgary began classes, with a faculty of three professors. The Alberta provincial legislature would not give the University power to confer degrees, and the University of Alberta did not welcome the competition. As result, the university would close its doors in October 1915.Donald B. Smith, Calgary's Grand Story: The Making of a Prairie Metropolis from the Viewpoint of Two Heritage Buildings (University of Calgary Press, 2005) pp. 110-113
  • Golfer Harry Vardon won a rematch against Ted Ray at the 10th News of the World Matchplay, beating him by one hole. Vardon lost his defending title to Ray at The Open Championship in June.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L8lAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VqYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3687%2C3987678 |title=Golf – The £400 tournament – Keen contest in the final – Vardon beats Ray |newspaper=The Glasgow Herald |date=5 Oct 1912 |page=15}}

October 5, 1912 (Saturday)

October 6, 1912 (Sunday)

  • American troops captured the city of León, Nicaragua, effectively ending the insurgency in Nicaragua.{{cite web| url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1912-10-07/ed-1/seq-3/;words=cruisers+Denver?date1=1911&sort=relevance&rows=20&searchType=basic&state=&date2=1912&proxtext=cruiser+denver&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4&page=5&index=8 | title=The San Francisco Call, October 6, 1912 |publisher=Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov |access-date=2018-03-26}}
  • Lieutenant Yōzō Kaneko made the first flight for the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal in Japan, piloting a Farman seaplane for 15 minutes and reaching an altitude of 30 meters (100 feet).Peattie, Mark R., Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909–1941, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001, {{ISBN|1-55750-432-6}}, pp. 5-6
  • Died:
  • Auguste Beernaert, 83, Belgian state leader, Prime Minister of Belgium 1884 to 1894 (b. 1829){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • William A. Peffer, 81, U.S. Senator for Kansas from 1891 to 1897 as the first senator to be elected from the Populist Party (b. 1831){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Walter William Skeat, 76, English linguist, author of The English Dialect Dictionary (b. 1835){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Susie King Taylor, 64, American medical officer, the first African-American army nurse (b. 1848){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 7, 1912 (Monday)

October 8, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The First Balkan War began as the tiny Kingdom of Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire, with the army attacking Novi Pazar and the Detchitch fort across from Podgorica. Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece would join in on October 17, and the war would last until May 30, 1913, with Turkey giving up its European possessions under the Treaty of London.Carl Cavanagh Hodge, Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008) pp. 69-70
  • Died:
  • Wilhelm Kuhe, 88, Czech composer, known for his collaborations with Giuseppe Verdi (b. 1823){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Millie and Christine McKoy, 61, American singers, conjoined twins that toured as the musical act "The Carolina Twins" (b. 1851){{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/conjoined/marvels.html |title=From 'Monsters' to Modern Medical Miracles - Marvels on Exhibit (15th Through 18th Centuries) |website=U.S. National Library of Medicine |publisher=National Institutes of Health}}

October 9, 1912 (Wednesday)

File:King Nikola of Montenegro.jpg

  • King Nicholas of Montenegro called on his subjects to join in a "holy war" against Turkey, as Detchitch fell to the Montenegrins."Proclamation by Nicholas". New York Times. October 10, 1912.
  • Romania assured Bulgaria of its neutrality.
  • The second game of the World Series ended with no winner, with the teams tied 6-6 after 11 innings before darkness forced an early end, meaning that the second game would have to be replayed. The Boston Red Sox had won the first game, 4-3."11-Inning Tie, 6-6, in Hard-fought Game in Boston". New York Times. October 10, 1912.

October 10, 1912 (Thursday)

  • The first major battle between Greece and the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War occurred at Sarantaporo (now part of Greece), with Greek forces capturing Servia and Kozani from the Ottomans.{{cite book |first1=Georgios|last1=Christopoulos|first2=Ioannis|last2=Bastias|title=Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Εθνους: Νεώτερος Ελληνισμός απο το 1881 ως 1913|trans-title=History of the Greek Nation: Modern Greece from 1881 until 1913 |volume=XIV |publisher=Ekdotiki Athinon|language=el|location=Athens|year=1977 |isbn=960-213-110-1|page=291}}
  • The Maternity Allowance Act was passed in Australia, granting a "baby bonus" of five pounds to the mother of every child born in the country, except the coverage did not include indigenous mothers and other non-citizens.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65274110 |title=MATERNITY ALLOWANCE. |newspaper=Gippsland Times |location=Vic. |date=23 September 1912 |access-date=23 January 2012 |page=3 Edition: MORNINGS |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
  • The Rice Institute (now Rice University) was dedicated at Houston.
  • The Freewoman feminist weekly newspaper ceased publications in London.{{cite web|title=The Freewoman: A Weekly Feminist Review|url=http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=FreewomanCollection|work=The Modernist Journals Project|access-date=5 October 2015}} It was revived at The New Freewoman the following year and published for another six months.{{cite web|title=The New Freewoman: An Individualist Review|url=http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=NewFreewomanCollection|work=Brown University|access-date=12 January 2016}}
  • A total eclipse of the Sun cast a shadow across South America, and was visible in parts of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Brazil.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Died: James Mackay, 80, British-born New Zealand politician, main developer of the West Coast of New Zealand (b. 1831){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 11, 1912 (Friday)

  • The Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne and the future King Edward VIII, began his studies at Magdalen College as a commoner.
  • Italy and Turkey broke off peace negotiations as Montenegro took Ottoman territory near Skiptchanik (Šipčanik, between Dečić and Tuzi).

October 12, 1912 (Saturday)

October 13, 1912 (Sunday)

October 14, 1912 (Monday)

  • Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was shot and wounded by a .38 caliber bullet fired by John Schrank, a New York City saloonkeeper, who was standing at a distance of only 30 feet. The bullet was slowed when it passed through Roosevelt's metal eyeglasses case and the folded, fifty-page manuscript of Roosevelt's prepared speech,Willard M. Oliver and Nancy E. Marion, Killing the President: Assassinations, Attempts, and Rumored Attempts on U.S. Commanders-In-Chief (ABC-CLIO, 2010) pp. 80-85 but still penetrated three inches into his chest, too close to the heart to be safely removed by surgery."The Little Round That Refuses to Die", by David J. LaPell, Gun Digest 2011, p. 118 Schrank was tackled by bystanders before he could fire a second shot, and Roosevelt went on to deliver his speech before getting medical treatment.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=wZJMF1LD7PcC&dat=19121015&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Insane Man Shoots Roosevelt"]. Milwaukee Sentinel. October 15, 1912. p. 1.{{Dead link|date=August 2024}} Schrank would be found insane and would spend the rest of his life at a mental hospital in Waupun, Wisconsin, where he would die on September 15, 1943.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Montenegro's Prince Danilo led the capture of Tuzi.
  • Turkish troops invaded Serbia, crossing at Ristovatz.
  • General Benjamín Zeledón died, either killed by his own men or by the victorious Nicaraguan government.
  • The first government under Prime Minister Titu Maiorescu was dissolved in Romania.Stelian Neagoe - "Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi - 1859 până în zilele noastre - 1995" (Ed. Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995)
  • The Junior Philatelic Society hosted the Jubilee International Stamp Exhibition in London."The Jubilee International Stamp Exhibition" by Charles J. Phillips in Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal, 31 October 2012, pp. 290-297.
  • The municipal zoological garden for Riga, Latvia opened to the public. Today, the Riga Zoo houses over 4,000 animals of nearly 500 species.{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.rigazoo.lv/en/kajene/laba-izvelne/vesture |website=Riga Zoo |access-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208135418/https://www.rigazoo.lv/en/kajene/laba-izvelne/vesture |archive-date=8 December 2020}}
  • Born: Joseph Muzquiz, Spanish clergyman and promoter of the Opus Dei movement; as José Luis Múzquiz de Miguel, in Badajoz, Spain (d. 1983){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 15, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • Italian and Turkish delegates signed a preliminary peace agreement in Switzerland at Ouchy, with the Italian fleet immediately being recalled from the Aegean Sea and Turkish troops withdrawing three days later from Libya."Turkish-Italian Peace Arranged". New York Times. October 16, 1912.
  • Turkey declined to reply to the note from the three Balkan states.
  • The New York Giants beat the Boston Red Sox 11–4 to avoid elimination from the World Series and to set up a seventh game."Giants Win, 11-4; Bostonians Fear Loss of Series". New York Times. October 16, 1912.

October 16, 1912 (Wednesday)

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  • A typhoon in the Philippines killed 1,000 people at Cebu.
  • Montenegro captured Berane.
  • Mexican rebel forces under the command of General Félix Diaz captured Veracruz, Mexico.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Bulgarian pilot Radul Minkov and his observer, Prodan Toprakchiev, performed the first reconnaissance and second bombing from an airplane in history, throwing hand grenades from their Albatros biplane at the railway station of Karaagac near Edirne against Turkey.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Russian explorer Georgy Brusilov and the 24 crewmen of the Svyataya Anna (St. Anna) became trapped in the Arctic ice after sailing into the Kara Sea.Nataliya Marchenko, Russian Arctic Seas: Navigational Conditions and Accidents (Springer, 2012) p. 61 At the time, the ship was still close to Russia's Yamal Peninsula and the crew could have escaped to safety, but Brusilov made the decision to wait out the winter.Valerian Ivanovich Alʹbanov, In the Land of White Death: An Epic Story of Survival in the Siberian Arctic (Random House Digital, 2000, with introduction by David Roberts)
  • The Boston Red Sox won the World Series, defeating the New York Giants, 3–2, at Boston. The series had been tied 3-3, and the deciding game was tied 1–1 after nine innings. The Giants had taken a 2–1 lead in the tenth, but then gave up two runs after the Giants' Fred Snodgrass dropped an easy fly ball, Christy Mathewson walked a batter, and Fred Merkle failed to catch a foul ball.[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/10/17/100552853.pdf "Sox Champions on Muffed Fly"]. New York Times. October 17, 1912.Timothy M. Gay, Tris Speaker: The Rough-and-Tumble Life of a Baseball Legend (University of Nebraska Press, 2005) pp. 20–21
  • Composer Arnold Schoenberg premiered his lyrical drama, Pierrot lunaire, at the Choralion-Saal in Berlin.*Dunsby, Jonathan. 1992. Schoenberg: Pierrot lunaire. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0521387159}}, p. 22
  • Born:
  • Clifford Hansen, American politician, Governor of Wyoming 1963-1967, U.S. Senator 1967-1978; in Zenith, Wyoming, United States (d. 2009){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Maidie Norman, American actress, known for her film roles in The Well and What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?; as Maidie Gamble, in Villa Rica, Georgia, United States (d. 1998){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 17, 1912 (Thursday)

  • Turkey declared war on Bulgaria and Serbia.
  • A general election was held in Malta.Michael J Schiavone (1987) L-Elezzjonijiet F'Malta 1849–1981, Pubblikazzjoni Bugelli, p. 19
  • Krupp engineers Benno Strauss and Eduard Maurer patented austenitic stainless steel.{{cite web| url=http://www.nirosta.de/History.22.0.html?&L=1| title=ThyssenKrupp Nirosta: History| access-date=August 13, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902202906/http://www.nirosta.de/History.22.0.html?&L=1| archive-date=2 September 2007| url-status=dead}}
  • Philadelphia Phillies' owner Horace Fogel was expelled from the baseball's National League after having charged in an interview with the Chicago Post that several of the league's umpires, as well as St. Louis Cardinals' manager Roger Bresnahan, had conspired to help the Giants win the 1912 pennant.Daniel E. Ginsburg, The Fix Is In: A History of Baseball Gambling and Game Fixing Scandals (McFarland, 2004) p. 81
  • The French Cycling Federation, governing body for the Tour de France and for bicycling in France, voted to withdraw official approval for women's cycling events.Christopher S. Thompson, The Tour de France: A Cultural History (University of California Press, 2006) p. 130
  • Born: Pope John Paul I, Italian priest who reigned as the Pope of the Catholic Church for 33 days between his selection and death; as Albino Luciani, in Canale d'Agordo, Kingdom of Italy (now Italy) (d. 1978)

October 18, 1912 (Friday)

  • The Ottoman Empire and Italy signed the First Treaty of Lausanne at the Swiss city of Ouchy at 3:30 pm to end the Italo-Turkish War, with the Empire agreeing to grant independence to Tripolitania and Cyrenaica long enough for the North African provinces to come under Italian control."Treaty with Italy Signed". New York Times. October 19, 1912. In return for the cession of Libya, as well as the Dodecanese Islands, Italy paid a sum representing 4 percent of the Ottoman national debt (in consideration of the cost of the war) and allowed the Ottoman Sultan to continue as the Caliph of Libyan Muslims.Mark I. Choate, Emigrant Nation: The Making of Italy Abroad (Harvard University Press, 2008) p. 176 The Ottoman field commanders were ordered to withdraw their men, despite their feeling that they "were more than sure of their ability to win the war", and transferred Libyan soldiers to Istanbul for military training and an eventual recapture of the territory, a plan which would fail during World War I.Mesut Uyar and Edward J. Erickson, A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk (ABC-CLIO, 2009) p. 225
  • King Ferdinand of Bulgaria issued a proclamation of holy war against the Ottoman Empire.
  • The Earnslaw made her maiden voyage on Lake Wakatipu, from Kingston to Queenstown, New Zealand.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nzmaritime.co.nz/earnslaw.htm |title=New Zealand Maritime Record - Earnslaw |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2020-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220204815/http://www.nzmaritime.co.nz/earnslaw.htm |url-status=dead }}
  • Born: Philibert Tsiranana, Malagasy state leader, first President of Madagascar (1959-1972); in Ambarikorano, French Madagascar (now Madagascar) (d. 1978){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 19, 1912 (Saturday)

October 20, 1912 (Sunday)

  • Turkey's Vardar Army engaged in its first major battles against the Balkan League invaders. The Serbian Timok Infantry overcame the Turks at Egri Palanga, and the Bulgarian Second Infantry forced a retreat of the Ottoman 16th Infantry at Kocana, Macedonia. At Bilac, the Ottoman 19th Infantry was able to resist the invading Serbian Morava Infantry.Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003) p. 169
  • The United Kingdom recognized Italian sovereignty over Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
  • William Kolehmainen, a brother of Olympic distance runner Hannes Kolehmainen who had abandoned his amateur status, set a world record in the marathon as a professional athlete, running the 26 mile, 385 yard distance in 2 hours, 29 minutes, and 39.2 seconds for the fastest marathon up to that time. The previous mark of 2:32:21 had been held by Hans Holmer. The official (amateur) record at the time was 2:40:32.2, held by Thure Johansson of Sweden.[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/10/21/100553407.pdf "Marathon Record for Kolehmainen"]. New York Times. October 21, 1912.David E. Martin and Roger W. H. Gynn, The Olympic Marathon (Human Kinetics, 2000) p. 65
  • Born: Vũ Trọng Phụng, Vietnamese writer and journalist, author of Dumb Luck; in Mỹ Hào, French Indochina (now Vietnam) (d. 1939){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 21, 1912 (Monday)

October 22, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The Serbian Third Army captured Pristina from the Ottomans, celebrating a return to the city that had been taken by the Turks in 1389.Nancy M. Wingfield and Maria Bucur, Gender and War in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe (Indiana University Press, 2006) p. 165
  • Peasants in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná in Brazil began a rebellion and fought with federal troops in what became known as the Contestado War. In the first of the clashes, rebel leader José Maria de Santo Agostinho, sanctified as "São João Maria" by his followers, was killed in action in Santa Catarina at Taquaruçu.{{citation |last1=Silva|first1=Gabriel Ribeiro da|last2=Kunrath|first2=Gabriel Carvalho|year=2015|language=pt |title=O historiador e as novas tecnologias - reunião de artigos do II Encontro de Pesquisas Históricas - PUCRS: Evento acadêmico - História - Encontro - Pós-graduação - Graduação – PUCRS |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChUCCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1911|access-date=2016-12-01 |publisher=Memorial do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul|isbn=978-85-88802-22-3|chapter=Os caminhos do Monge Joao Maria no planalto meridional Brasileiro | page = 1913}}
  • The Prince Alexei of Russia was reported to be seriously ill from haemophilia.
  • The Australian Flying Corps established their first air base at Point Cook, Victoria, Australia, and two days later were raising recruit for their squadron.*{{cite web|url=http://www.raaf.gov.au/history/ww1.aspx |title=Australian Military Aviation and World War One |publisher=Royal Australian Air Force |access-date=26 December 2011 |ref=CITEREFAustralian Military Aviation and World War One |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623132435/http://www.raaf.gov.au/History/ww1.aspx |archive-date=23 June 2010 |df=dmy }}
  • Born:
  • Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian-Dutch partisan, member of the Dutch resistance during World War II, Croix de Guerre and Legion of Honour from France and the Order of Orange-Nassau from the Netherlands; in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1994){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Frances Drake, American film actress known for Les Misérables; as Frances Morgan Dean, in New York City, United States (d. 2000){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 23, 1912 (Wednesday)

October 24, 1912 (Thursday)

October 25, 1912 (Friday)

October 26, 1912 (Saturday)

October 27, 1912 (Sunday)

October 28, 1912 (Monday)

  • The Serbian Army occupied Köprülü, now known as Veles, North Macedonia.
  • The Bulgarian Army occupied Drama and Babi Eski, Macedonia. The latter cut the Ottoman line of communications with Constantinople.
  • The Montenegrin and Serbian Army met at Sjenica (now part of Serbia).
  • Six people died when the Irish collier Tenet sank in the Bristol Channel.
  • Twelve days after becoming trapped in an ice field during the disastrous Brusilov expedition, the crew of the Svyataya Anna lost their chance to escape to safety when winds sent the field drifting northward into the Arctic Ocean, with the ship locked inside. The ship would remain trapped in moving ice for a year and a half, and only two of the sailors would survive. The ship's log would finally be found in July 2010.[https://archive.today/20121206031232/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g9MYPhfwYK4EexYJ3wJ5MUHKofFg "Russia finds last-days log of famed 1912 Arctic expedition"], Agence France-Presse], September 13, 2010
  • Belgian suffragist Léonie de Waha co-founded the Union of Women of Wallonia.{{cite web|url=http://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/fr/etiquettes/union-des-femmes-de-wallonie#.XF8WZc17lPY|title=Union des femmes de Wallonie|publisher=Connaître la Wallonie|access-date=10 February 2019 |language=fr}}
  • Born: Richard Doll, English medical researcher known for linking certain health effects to smoking; as William Richard Shaboe Doll, in Hampton, London, England (d. 2005){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

۱

اَل^مُصحَفُُ

.

۸۲

سُرَهُُ اَل^اِن^فِط°ارُُ

؟

۵۸۴۸

آیَهُُ یَوُمَ لَا تَم^لِکُ نَف^سُُ لِنَف^سِِ شَیِاً وَ ا`ل^اَمِرُ یَوُمَسِذِِ لِّلَّهِ ۋِژَڭ~چ`گ°پُّ

^

آمِی^ن

^

!

October 29, 1912 (Tuesday)

October 30, 1912 (Wednesday)

File:James Schoolcraft Sherman.jpg

  • James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States, died in office, six days before the presidential election. Sherman, 57 years old, died at 9:42 pm at his home in Utica, New York from acute kidney failure. His physician, Dr. Fayette H. Peck, said that Sherman's decline had been caused by the strain of his acceptance speech on August 24, when the Republican National Convention had re-nominated him as President William Howard Taft's running mate.[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/10/31/104909566.pdf "Sherman Is Dead, Hurt by Speech"]. New York Times. October 31, 1912. p. 1.
  • An insurgency erupted among ethnic Albanians in the Ottoman-controlled region of Luma when the Serbian Army tried to cross through the area to gain access to the Adriatic Sea.{{cite book|first=Shaban | last=Braha|title=Idriz Seferi në Lëvizjet Kombëtare Shqiptare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ24AAAAIAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori"| page=130}}
  • Bulgarian Army forces captured Lule Burgas in Thrace.
  • Greek forces captured Beshpinar in Ottoman-held territory now part of Greece.{{cite book |last=Kargakos |first=Sarandos| title=Η Ελλάς κατά τους Βαλκανικούς Πολέμους (1912-1913)|trans-title=Greece in the Balkan Wars (1912-1913)| publisher=Peritechnon|location=Athens| year = 2012 | isbn =978-960-8411-26-5|language=el| pages=114–115}}
  • The U.S. Navy battleship USS New York was launched in Brooklyn, New York City.
  • Theodore Roosevelt delivered his "Farewell Manifesto" to an audience of 16,000 in Madison Square Garden, the last speech of his unsuccessful run for a third term as president.Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Bully Pulpit, Chapter 29 (audio version)
  • Born: José Ferrater Mora, Spanish philosopher, noted for promoting extending universal rights to humans and animals as both are part of the same moral sphere; in Barcelona, Spain (d. 1991){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
  • Died: Alejandro Gorostiaga, 72, Chilean army officer and noted commander during the War of the Pacific (b. 1840){{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

October 31, 1912 (Thursday)

References

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1912

*1912-10