Open-mid central rounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɞ

|ipa number=395

|decimal=606

|x-sampa=3\

|kirshenbaum=O"

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x025E.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=236

|braille2=ar

}}

File:Spectrogram of open-mid central rounded vowel (IPA ɞ).png

The open-mid central rounded vowel, or low-mid central rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɞ}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 3\. The symbol is called closed reversed epsilon. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed {{angbr IPA|ɔ̈}}.

IPA charts were first published with this vowel transcribed as a closed epsilon, {{angbr IPA|ʚ}} (that is, a closed variant of {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}, much as the high-mid vowel letter {{angbr IPA|ɵ}} is a closed variant of {{angbr IPA|e}}), and this variant made its way into Unicode as {{unichar|029a|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E}}. The IPA charts were later changed to the current closed reversed epsilon {{angbr IPA|ɞ}}, and this was adopted into Unicode as {{unichar|025e|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E}}.

Features

Occurrence

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Afrikaans{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2012\|p=711}}	{{lang\|af\|lug}}	{{IPA\|[lɞχ]}}	'air'	Also been described as mid {{IPAblink\|ɞ̝}}, typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|œ}}. Many speakers merge {{IPA\|/œ/}} with {{IPA\|/ə/}}, even in formal speech.{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels"}} See Afrikaans phonology
rowspan="2" \| English	Irish{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=422}}	but	{{IPA\|[bɞθ̠]}}	'but'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʌ}} in other varieties. See English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}	not	{{IPA\|[nɞʔt]}}	'not'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ɒ/}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} See New Zealand English phonology
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{Harvcoltxt\|Peterson\|2000}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Árnason\|2011\|p=76}}	{{lang\|fo\|høgur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhɞːʋʊɹ]}}	'high'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|øː}}. See Faroese phonology
French	Parisian{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|port}}	{{audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-port.wav\|[pɞːꭓ]}}	'port', 'harbour'	Described variously as an allophone of {{IPA\|/ɔ/}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}}{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}} and as the default allophone of {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}} See French phonology
German \|Chemnitz dialect{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}} \|{{lang\|de\|Wonne}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈv̞ɞnə]}} \|'bliss' \|May be transcribed as {{angbr IPA\|ɞ̝}} though {{angbr IPA\|ɞ}} is typically used.{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}}
colspan="2" \| Irish	{{lang\|ga\|tomhail}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ˠɞːlʲ]}}	'consume' (imp.)	See Irish phonology
colspan="2" \| Kashubian	{{lang\|csb\|ptôch}}	{{IPA\|[ptɞx]}}	'bird'
colspan="2" \|Koyukon \|-ʉghdonaanh \|{{IPA\|[ɞɣtɔːnæːn̥]}} \|'son-in-law' \|
Limburgish	Maastrichtian{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=159, 161–162}}	{{lang\|li\|lui}}	{{IPA\|[lɞː]}}	'lazy'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/œy/}} in words with Accent 2. May be slightly diphthongal {{IPA\|[ɞɵ]}} itself. It contrasts with the near-open {{IPAblink\|ɐ̹ː}} in words with Accent 2 ({{IPA\|[ɐ̹ː]}} itself is always toneless).{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=159, 161–162, 164}} It may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|œː}}, as it is a phonological front vowel.
colspan="2" \|Mortlockese{{Cite web \|title=Mortlockese dictionary.pdf \|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z8DmDAS0pt5piuUPmydwcgns6lh_CCbI/view \|access-date=2024-11-13 \|website=Google Docs}} \|mér \|{{IPA\|[mɞr]}} \|'to sleep' \|Phonemic vowel.
colspan="2" \| MwerlapFrançois (2005: 445, 460).	{{lang\|mrm\|N̄wërlap}}	{{IPA\|[ŋʷɞrˈlap]}}	'Merelava'
colspan="2" \| Navajo{{Harvcoltxt\|McDonough\|Ladefoged\|George\|1993}}. The authors gave a narrow transcription of {{IPA\|[ɵ]}}, though at the time the IPA had only this one symbol for a mid central rounded vowel, and it is clear from the discussion and formant charts that this vowel a centralized open-mid vowel.	{{lang\|nv\|tsosts’id}}	{{IPA\|[tsʰɞstsˈɪt]}}	'seven'	See Navajo phonology
Northern Tiwa	Taos dialect	{{lang\|twf\|ącut'uonbo}}	{{IPA\|[ʔãˌtʃʊt̚ːˈʔuɞnbɑ]}}	'his-garment-around'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɑ/}}. See Taos phonology
colspan="2" \|Panará{{Sfnp\|Vasconcelos\|2013\|p=\|pp=182,183}} \|colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[kɾə'kɞ]}} \|'trousers' \|Contrasts with {{IPA\|[ə]}}.{{Sfnp\|Vasconcelos\|2013\|p=182}}
colspan="2" \| Poitevin{{cn\|date=March 2024}}	{{lang\|mis\|o doune}}	{{IPA\|[ɞ dun]}}	'he gives'
West Frisian	Southwestern dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Hoekstra\|2003\|p=202}}, citing {{Harvcoltxt\|Hof\|1933\|p=14}}	{{lang\|fy\|boare}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɞːrə]}}	'tomcat'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[wa]}} in other dialects. See West Frisian phonology

Notes

References

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External links

{{phoible|ɞ}}

Category:Open-mid vowels

Category:Central vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Afrikaans{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2012\|p=711}}	{{lang\|af\|lug}}	{{IPA\|[lɞχ]}}	'air'	Also been described as mid {{IPAblink\|ɞ̝}}, typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|œ}}. Many speakers merge {{IPA\|/œ/}} with {{IPA\|/ə/}}, even in formal speech.{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels"}} See Afrikaans phonology
rowspan="2" \| English	Irish{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=422}}	but	{{IPA\|[bɞθ̠]}}	'but'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʌ}} in other varieties. See English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}	not	{{IPA\|[nɞʔt]}}	'not'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/ɒ/}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} See New Zealand English phonology
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{Harvcoltxt\|Peterson\|2000}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Árnason\|2011\|p=76}}	{{lang\|fo\|høgur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhɞːʋʊɹ]}}	'high'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|øː}}. See Faroese phonology
French	Parisian{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|port}}	{{audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-port.wav\|[pɞːꭓ]}}	'port', 'harbour'	Described variously as an allophone of {{IPA\|/ɔ/}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}}{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}} and as the default allophone of {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}} See French phonology
German \|Chemnitz dialect{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}} \|{{lang\|de\|Wonne}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈv̞ɞnə]}} \|'bliss' \|May be transcribed as {{angbr IPA\|ɞ̝}} though {{angbr IPA\|ɞ}} is typically used.{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}}
colspan="2" \| Irish	{{lang\|ga\|tomhail}}	{{IPA\|[t̪ˠɞːlʲ]}}	'consume' (imp.)	See Irish phonology
colspan="2" \| Kashubian	{{lang\|csb\|ptôch}}	{{IPA\|[ptɞx]}}	'bird'
colspan="2" \|Koyukon \|-ʉghdonaanh \|{{IPA\|[ɞɣtɔːnæːn̥]}} \|'son-in-law' \|
Limburgish	Maastrichtian{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=159, 161–162}}	{{lang\|li\|lui}}	{{IPA\|[lɞː]}}	'lazy'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/œy/}} in words with Accent 2. May be slightly diphthongal {{IPA\|[ɞɵ]}} itself. It contrasts with the near-open {{IPAblink\|ɐ̹ː}} in words with Accent 2 ({{IPA\|[ɐ̹ː]}} itself is always toneless).{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=159, 161–162, 164}} It may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|œː}}, as it is a phonological front vowel.
colspan="2" \|Mortlockese{{Cite web \|title=Mortlockese dictionary.pdf \|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z8DmDAS0pt5piuUPmydwcgns6lh_CCbI/view \|access-date=2024-11-13 \|website=Google Docs}} \|mér \|{{IPA\|[mɞr]}} \|'to sleep' \|Phonemic vowel.
colspan="2" \| MwerlapFrançois (2005: 445, 460).	{{lang\|mrm\|N̄wërlap}}	{{IPA\|[ŋʷɞrˈlap]}}	'Merelava'
colspan="2" \| Navajo{{Harvcoltxt\|McDonough\|Ladefoged\|George\|1993}}. The authors gave a narrow transcription of {{IPA\|[ɵ]}}, though at the time the IPA had only this one symbol for a mid central rounded vowel, and it is clear from the discussion and formant charts that this vowel a centralized open-mid vowel.	{{lang\|nv\|tsosts’id}}	{{IPA\|[tsʰɞstsˈɪt]}}	'seven'	See Navajo phonology
Northern Tiwa	Taos dialect	{{lang\|twf\|ącut'uonbo}}	{{IPA\|[ʔãˌtʃʊt̚ːˈʔuɞnbɑ]}}	'his-garment-around'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɑ/}}. See Taos phonology
colspan="2" \|Panará{{Sfnp\|Vasconcelos\|2013\|p=\|pp=182,183}} \|colspan=2 align=center\| {{IPA\|[kɾə'kɞ]}} \|'trousers' \|Contrasts with {{IPA\|[ə]}}.{{Sfnp\|Vasconcelos\|2013\|p=182}}
colspan="2" \| Poitevin{{cn\|date=March 2024}}	{{lang\|mis\|o doune}}	{{IPA\|[ɞ dun]}}	'he gives'
West Frisian	Southwestern dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Hoekstra\|2003\|p=202}}, citing {{Harvcoltxt\|Hof\|1933\|p=14}}	{{lang\|fy\|boare}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɞːrə]}}	'tomcat'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[wa]}} in other dialects. See West Frisian phonology