Orders of magnitude (mass)#The most massive things: 1042 kg and greater

File:Scales of mass.jpg

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10⁻⁶⁷ kg and 10⁵² kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe. Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versus weight), especially if the objects are subject to the same gravitational field strength.

Units of mass

{{SI multiples

| unit = gram

| symbol = g

| note = Common prefixes are in bold face.Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the modern spelling ({{nbhyph}}gram) and the dated British spelling ({{nbhyph}}gramme)._{{nbsp}}

| n= | μ= | m= | c= | k= | mc=

| xM = megagram (tonne)

| xmc = microgram (mcg)

}}

The table at right is based on the kilogram (kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix (kilo-) as part of its name. The gram (10⁻³ kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 10³ kg is a megagram (10⁶ g), not a *kilokilogram.

The tonne (t) is an SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram (Mg), or 10³ kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 10³ kg and is often used with SI prefixes. For example, a gigagram (Gg) or 10⁹ g is 10³ tonnes, commonly called a kilotonne.

=Other units=

Other units of mass are also in use. Historical units include the stone, the pound, the carat, and the grain.

For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electronvolt (eV). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the dalton). Astronomers use the mass of the sun ({{Solar mass|link=y}}).

=The least massive things: below 10−24 kg =

Unlike other physical quantities, mass–energy does not have an a priori expected minimal quantity, or an observed basic quantum as in the case of electric charge. Planck's law allows for the existence of photons with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental upper bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed upper bound is of the order of {{val|3|e=−27|u=eV/c2}} = {{val|e=−62|u=kg}}.

class="wikitable sortable"

!Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

|10⁻⁶⁷

|1.07{{e|−67}} kg

|Graviton, upper bound (6{{e|−32}} eV/c²){{cite journal |last=Zyla |first=P. |display-authors=etal |collaboration=Particle Data Group |year=2020 |url=https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/tables/rpp2020-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163307/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/tables/rpp2020-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf |archive-date=2020-09-30 |url-status=live |title=Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons }}

|10⁻⁴⁰

|4.2{{e|−40}} kg

|Mass equivalent of the energy of a photon at the peak of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (0.235 meV/c²){{Cite journal |last1=Fixsen |first1=D. J. |year=2009 |title=The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=707 |issue=2 |pages=916–920 |arxiv=0911.1955 |bibcode=2009ApJ...707..916F |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916|s2cid=119217397 }}

rowspan=2|10⁻³⁶

|1.8{{e|−36}} kg

|1 eV/c², the mass equivalent of one electronvolt{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=ev&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from eV to kg |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-10-19 }}

3.6{{e|−36}} kg

|Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c²)

"The most sensitive analysis on the neutrino mass [...] is compatible with a neutrino mass of zero. Considering its uncertainties this value corresponds to an upper limit on the electron neutrino mass of m<2.2 eV/c² (95% Confidence Level)" [http://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/exakt/neutrino/en_experiment.html The Mainz Neutrino Mass Experiment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220947/http://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/exakt/neutrino/en_experiment.html |date=2016-03-03 }}

10⁻³³
quectogram (qg)

10⁻³¹

|9.11{{e|−31}} kg

|Electron (511 keV/c²), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me |title=CODATA Value: electron mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-21 }}

10⁻³⁰
rontogram (rg)

|3.0–5.5{{e|−30}} kg

|Up quark (as a current quark) (1.7–3.1 MeV/c²)

{{cite web

|author=K. Nakamura

|author2=Particle Data Group

|author2-link=Particle Data Group

|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf

|title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'

|publisher=Particle Data Group

|date=2011

|access-date=2011-08-08

}}

10⁻²⁸

|1.9{{e|−28}} kg

|Muon (106 MeV/c²){{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmu |title=CODATA Value: muon mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}

rowspan=4|10⁻²⁷
yoctogram (yg)

|1.661{{e|−27}} kg

|Dalton (Da), a.k.a. unified atomic mass unit (u)

1.673{{e|−27}} kg

|Proton (938.3 MeV/c²){{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp |title=CODATA Value: proton mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpc2mev |title=CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}

1.674{{e|−27}} kg

|Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom

1.675{{e|−27}} kg

|Neutron (939.6 MeV/c²){{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnc2mev |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}

rowspan=3|10⁻²⁶

|1.2{{e|−26}} kg

|Lithium atom (6.941 Da)

3.0{{e|−26}} kg

|Water molecule (18.015 Da)

8.0{{e|−26}} kg

|Titanium atom (47.867 Da)

rowspan=7|10⁻²⁵

|1.1{{e|−25}} kg

|Copper atom (63.546 Da)

1.6{{e|−25}} kg

|Z boson (91.2 GeV/c²){{Cite journal | last1 = Amsler | first1 = C. | last2 = Doser | first2 = M. | last3 = Antonelli | first3 = M. | last4 = Asner | first4 = D. | last5 = Babu | first5 = K. | last6 = Baer | first6 = H. | last7 = Band | first7 = H. | last8 = Barnett | first8 = R. | last9 = Bergren | first9 = E. | last10 = Beringer | first10 = J. | last11 = Bernardi | first11 = G. | last12 = Bertl | first12 = W. | last13 = Bichsel | first13 = H. | last14 = Biebel | first14 = O. | last15 = Bloch | first15 = P. | last16 = Blucher | first16 = E. | last17 = Blusk | first17 = S. | last18 = Cahn | first18 = R. N. | last19 = Carena | first19 = M. | last20 = Caso | first20 = C. | last21 = Ceccucci | first21 = A. | last22 = Chakraborty | first22 = D. | last23 = Chen | first23 = M. -C. | last24 = Chivukula | first24 = R. S. | last25 = Cowan | first25 = G. | last26 = Dahl | first26 = O. | last27 = d'Ambrosio | first27 = G. | last28 = Damour | first28 = T. | last29 = De Gouvêa | first29 = A. | last30 = Degrand | first30 = T. | title = Review of Particle Physics⁎ | doi = 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018 | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 667 | issue = 1 | pages = 1 | year = 2008 | url = http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120712165412/http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-07-12 | bibcode = 2008PhLB..667....1A | display-authors = 29 | hdl = 1854/LU-685594 | s2cid = 227119789 | hdl-access = free }}

2.2{{e|−25}} kg

|Higgs boson (125 GeV/c²)

3.1{{e|−25}} kg

|Top quark (173 GeV/c²),

{{cite web

|author=K. Nakamura

|author2=Particle Data Group

|author2-link=Particle Data Group

|url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf

|title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'

|publisher=Particle Data Group

|date=2011

|access-date=2011-08-08

}} the heaviest known elementary particle

3.2{{e|−25}} kg

|Caffeine molecule (194 Da)

3.5{{e|−25}} kg

|Lead-208 atom

4.9{{e|−25}} kg

|Oganesson-294 atom, the heaviest known nuclide

= 10−24 to 10−18 kg =

class="wikitable sortable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
10⁻²⁴ zeptogram (zg) \|1.2{{e\|−24}} kg \|Buckyball molecule (720 Da)
rowspan=2\|10⁻²³ \|1.4{{e\|−23}} kg \|Ubiquitin, a small protein (8.6 kDa){{cite web \|url= http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 \|title= Ubiquitin \|publisher= Channel Proteomes \|access-date= 2011-10-12 \|archive-date= 4 October 2015 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004152502/http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 \|url-status= dead }}
5.5{{e\|−23}} kg \|A typical protein (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ≈ 33 kDa){{cite web \|url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf \|title= How big is the "average" protein? \|author= Ron Milo \|access-date= 2011-10-13 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031350/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf \|archive-date= 2011-08-08 \|url-status= dead }}
10⁻²² \|1.1{{e\|−22}} kg \|Haemoglobin A molecule in blood (64.5 kDa){{cite journal \|author=Van Beekvelt MC \|author2=Colier WN \|author3=Wevers RA\|author4=Van Engelen BG \|title=Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle \|journal=J Appl Physiol \|volume=90 \|issue=2 \|pages=511–519 \|date=Feb 2001 \|pmid=11160049 \|issn=8750-7587 \|doi=10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511\|s2cid=15468862 }}
rowspan=4\|10⁻²¹ attogram (ag) \|1.65{{e\|−21}} kg \|Double-stranded DNA molecule consisting of 1,578 base pairs (995 kDa)From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May05/DNAcount.ws.html]. Retrieved 2010-10-14
4.3{{e\|−21}} kg \|Prokaryotic ribosome (2.6 MDa){{cite web \|url= http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome \|title= Eukaryotic Ribosome \|publisher= ETH Zurich \|access-date= 2011-10-09 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110911130032/http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome \|archive-date= 2011-09-11 \|url-status= dead }}
7.1{{e\|−21}} kg \|Eukaryotic ribosome (4.3 MDa)
7.6{{e\|−21}} kg \|Brome mosaic virus, a small virus (4.6 MDa){{Cite journal \| last1 = Bockstahler \| first1 = L. \| last2 = Kaesberg \| first2 = P. \| title = The Molecular Weight and Other Biophysical Properties of Bromegrass Mosaic Virus \| doi = 10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86836-2 \| journal = Biophysical Journal \| volume = 2 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1–9 \| year = 1962 \| pmid = 19431313\| pmc =1366384 \|bibcode = 1962BpJ.....2....1B }}
rowspan=2\|10⁻²⁰ \|3{{e\|−20}} kg \|Synaptic vesicle in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa){{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102736 \|title= Atomic mass of synaptic vesicle – Rat Rattus \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-09 }}
6.8{{e\|−20}} kg \|Tobacco mosaic virus (41 MDa){{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=105958&lnsh=1 \|title= Molecular weight – Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) – BNID 105958 \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-09 }}
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁹ \|1.1{{e\|−19}} kg \|Nuclear pore complex in yeast (66 MDa){{Cite journal \| last1 = Rout \| first1 = M. P. \| last2 = Blobel \| first2 = G. \| title = Isolation of the yeast nuclear pore complex \| doi = 10.1083/jcb.123.4.771 \| journal = The Journal of Cell Biology \| volume = 123 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 771–783 \| year = 1993 \| pmid = 8227139\| pmc =2200146 }}
2.5{{e\|−19}} kg \|Human adenovirus (150 MDa){{Cite journal \| last1 = Liu \| first1 = H. \| last2 = Jin \| first2 = L. \| last3 = Koh \| first3 = S. B. S. \| last4 = Atanasov \| first4 = I. \| last5 = Schein \| first5 = S. \| last6 = Wu \| first6 = L. \| last7 = Zhou \| first7 = Z. H. \| doi = 10.1126/science.1187433 \| title = Atomic Structure of Human Adenovirus by Cryo-EM Reveals Interactions Among Protein Networks \| journal = Science \| volume = 329 \| issue = 5995 \| pages = 1038–1043 \| year = 2010 \| pmid = 20798312\| pmc = 3412078\| url = http://virology.cornell.edu/Liu.pdf\|bibcode = 2010Sci...329.1038L }}

class="wikitable sortable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

10⁻²⁴
zeptogram (zg)

|1.2{{e|−24}} kg

|Buckyball molecule (720 Da)

rowspan=2|10⁻²³

|1.4{{e|−23}} kg

|Ubiquitin, a small protein (8.6 kDa){{cite web |url= http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 |title= Ubiquitin |publisher= Channel Proteomes |access-date= 2011-10-12 |archive-date= 4 October 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004152502/http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 |url-status= dead }}

5.5{{e|−23}} kg

|A typical protein (median size of roughly 300 amino acids ≈ 33 kDa){{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf |title= How big is the "average" protein? |author= Ron Milo |access-date= 2011-10-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031350/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf |archive-date= 2011-08-08 |url-status= dead }}

10⁻²²

|1.1{{e|−22}} kg

|Haemoglobin A molecule in blood (64.5 kDa){{cite journal |author=Van Beekvelt MC |author2=Colier WN |author3=Wevers RA|author4=Van Engelen BG |title=Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle |journal=J Appl Physiol |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=511–519 |date=Feb 2001 |pmid=11160049 |issn=8750-7587 |doi=10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511|s2cid=15468862 }}

rowspan=4|10⁻²¹
attogram (ag)

|1.65{{e|−21}} kg

|Double-stranded DNA molecule consisting of 1,578 base pairs (995 kDa)From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May05/DNAcount.ws.html]. Retrieved 2010-10-14

4.3{{e|−21}} kg

|Prokaryotic ribosome (2.6 MDa){{cite web |url= http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome |title= Eukaryotic Ribosome |publisher= ETH Zurich |access-date= 2011-10-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110911130032/http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome |archive-date= 2011-09-11 |url-status= dead }}

7.1{{e|−21}} kg

|Eukaryotic ribosome (4.3 MDa)

7.6{{e|−21}} kg

|Brome mosaic virus, a small virus (4.6 MDa){{Cite journal | last1 = Bockstahler | first1 = L. | last2 = Kaesberg | first2 = P. | title = The Molecular Weight and Other Biophysical Properties of Bromegrass Mosaic Virus | doi = 10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86836-2 | journal = Biophysical Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 | year = 1962 | pmid = 19431313| pmc =1366384 |bibcode = 1962BpJ.....2....1B }}

rowspan=2|10⁻²⁰

|3{{e|−20}} kg

|Synaptic vesicle in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa){{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102736 |title= Atomic mass of synaptic vesicle – Rat Rattus |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}

6.8{{e|−20}} kg

|Tobacco mosaic virus (41 MDa){{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=105958&lnsh=1 |title= Molecular weight – Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) – BNID 105958 |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁹

|1.1{{e|−19}} kg

|Nuclear pore complex in yeast (66 MDa){{Cite journal | last1 = Rout | first1 = M. P. | last2 = Blobel | first2 = G. | title = Isolation of the yeast nuclear pore complex | doi = 10.1083/jcb.123.4.771 | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 123 | issue = 4 | pages = 771–783 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8227139| pmc =2200146 }}

2.5{{e|−19}} kg

|Human adenovirus (150 MDa){{Cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = H. | last2 = Jin | first2 = L. | last3 = Koh | first3 = S. B. S. | last4 = Atanasov | first4 = I. | last5 = Schein | first5 = S. | last6 = Wu | first6 = L. | last7 = Zhou | first7 = Z. H. | doi = 10.1126/science.1187433 | title = Atomic Structure of Human Adenovirus by Cryo-EM Reveals Interactions Among Protein Networks | journal = Science | volume = 329 | issue = 5995 | pages = 1038–1043 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20798312| pmc = 3412078| url = http://virology.cornell.edu/Liu.pdf|bibcode = 2010Sci...329.1038L }}

= 10−18 to 10−12 kg =

class="wikitable sortable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁸ femtogram (fg) \|1{{e\|−18}} kg \|HIV-1 virus{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101667&ver=10 \|title= Virus diameter of HIV-1 - HIV \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-11-01 }}Calculated : volume = 4/3 × π × (126e−9 m / 2)³ = 1.05e−21 m³. Assume density = 1 g/cm³ => mass = 1.05e−21 m³ × 1e3 kg/m³ = 1.05e−18 kg
4.7{{e\|−18}} kg \|DNA sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the weight of the E. coli genome{{cite journal\| journal=Science\| author=Frederick R. Blattner\| author2=Guy Plunkett III\| display-authors= etal \| volume=277\| doi=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 \| title=The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 \|pmid= 9278503\| pages=1453–1462 \| date=1997\| issue=5331 \| doi-access=free}}
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁷ \|~1{{e\|−17}} kg \|Vaccinia virus, a large virus{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=106860&ver=2 \|title= Mass of virion - Virus Vaccinia \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-11-01 }}
1.1{{e\|−17}} kg \|Mass equivalent of 1 joule{{cite web \|url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=j&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor \|title= Conversion from J to kg \|publisher= NIST \| website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty \|access-date=2011-08-23 }}
10⁻¹⁶ \|3{{e\|−16}} kg \|Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful){{cite web \|url= http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html \|title= Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 - Home \|publisher= Joint Genome Institute \|access-date= 2011-11-01 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150520090323/http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html \|archive-date= 2015-05-20 \|url-status= dead }} photosynthetic organism on Earth{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101520&ver=6 \|title= Size (diameter) of most abundant cyanobacteri - Prochlorococcus - BNID 101520 \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-11-01 }}
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁵ picogram (pg) \|1{{e\|−15}} kg \|E. coli bacterium (wet weight){{cite web \|url=http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi \|title=E. coli Statistics \|publisher=The CyberCell Database \|access-date=2011-09-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318223046/http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi \|archive-date=2012-03-18 \|url-status=dead }}
6{{e\|−15}} kg \|DNA in a typical diploid human cell (approximate)
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁴ \|2.2{{e\|−14}} kg \|Human sperm cellM. R. Curry, J. D. Millar, S. M. Tamuli & P. F. Watson, "Surface Area & Volume Measurements for Ram & Human Spermatozoa," Biology of Reproduction, 55, 6 (1996‑12‑01): 1325–32.
6{{e\|−14}} kg \|Yeast cell (quite variable){{cite web \|url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf \|title= How big is a yeast cell \|author= Ron Milo \|access-date= 2011-10-09 \|url-status= dead \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031933/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf \|archive-date= 2011-08-08 }}{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=101795&hlid=64639 \|title= "Rule of thumb" for cell mass \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-09 }}
10⁻¹³ \|1.5{{e\|−13}} kg \|Dunaliella salina, a green alga (dry weight){{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=106042 \|title= Cell dry weight - Green algae Dunaliella salina \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-14 }}

class="wikitable sortable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁸
femtogram (fg)

|1{{e|−18}} kg

|HIV-1 virus{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101667&ver=10 |title= Virus diameter of HIV-1 - HIV |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}Calculated : volume = 4/3 × π × (126e−9 m / 2)³ = 1.05e−21 m³. Assume density = 1 g/cm³ => mass = 1.05e−21 m³ × 1e3 kg/m³ = 1.05e−18 kg

4.7{{e|−18}} kg

|DNA sequence of length 4.6 Mbp, the weight of the E. coli genome{{cite journal| journal=Science| author=Frederick R. Blattner| author2=Guy Plunkett III| display-authors= etal | volume=277| doi=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 | title=The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 |pmid= 9278503| pages=1453–1462 | date=1997| issue=5331 | doi-access=free}}

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁷

|~1{{e|−17}} kg

|Vaccinia virus, a large virus{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=106860&ver=2 |title= Mass of virion - Virus Vaccinia |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}

1.1{{e|−17}} kg

|Mass equivalent of 1 joule{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=j&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from J to kg |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}

10⁻¹⁶

|3{{e|−16}} kg

|Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful){{cite web |url= http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html |title= Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 - Home |publisher= Joint Genome Institute |access-date= 2011-11-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150520090323/http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html |archive-date= 2015-05-20 |url-status= dead }} photosynthetic organism on Earth{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101520&ver=6 |title= Size (diameter) of most abundant cyanobacteri - Prochlorococcus - BNID 101520 |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁵
picogram (pg)

|1{{e|−15}} kg

|E. coli bacterium (wet weight){{cite web |url=http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi |title=E. coli Statistics |publisher=The CyberCell Database |access-date=2011-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318223046/http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi |archive-date=2012-03-18 |url-status=dead }}

6{{e|−15}} kg

|DNA in a typical diploid human cell (approximate)

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁴

|2.2{{e|−14}} kg

|Human sperm cellM. R. Curry, J. D. Millar, S. M. Tamuli & P. F. Watson, "Surface Area & Volume Measurements for Ram & Human Spermatozoa," Biology of Reproduction, 55, 6 (1996‑12‑01): 1325–32.

6{{e|−14}} kg

|Yeast cell (quite variable){{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf |title= How big is a yeast cell |author= Ron Milo |access-date= 2011-10-09 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031933/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf |archive-date= 2011-08-08 }}{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=101795&hlid=64639 |title= "Rule of thumb" for cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}

10⁻¹³

|1.5{{e|−13}} kg

|Dunaliella salina, a green alga (dry weight){{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=106042 |title= Cell dry weight - Green algae Dunaliella salina |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}

= 10−12 to 10−6 kg =

File:Sand under electron microscope.jpg showing grains of sand]]

class="wikitable sortable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=3\|10⁻¹² nanogram (ng) \|1{{e\|−12}} kg \|Average human cell (1 nanogram){{cite web \|url= http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro.html \|title= A quick introduction to elements of biology - cells, molecules, genes, functional genomics, microarrays \|publisher= European Bioinformatics Institute \|quote=if we estimate the average weight of a human cell as about 10^-9 g}}
2–3{{e\|−12}} kg \|HeLa human cell{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103721 \|title= Measured HeLa cell mass \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-09 }}{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103720 \|title= Estimated HeLa cell mass \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-09 }}{{cite journal\|title=Measurement of Single Cell Refractive Index, Dry Mass, Volume, and Density Using a Transillumination Microscope\|first1=Kevin G.\|last1=Phillips\|first2=Steven L.\|last2=Jacques\|first3=Owen J. T.\|last3=McCarty\|date=13 September 2012\|volume=109\|issue=11\|pages = 118105\|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.109.118105\|pmid=23005682\|bibcode = 2012PhRvL.109k8105P\|journal=Physical Review Letters\|pmc=3621783}}
8{{e\|−12}} kg \|Grain of birch pollen{{Cite journal \| last1 = Schäppi \| first1 = G. F. \| last2 = Suphioglu \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Taylor \| first3 = P. E. \| last4 = Knox \| first4 = R. B. \| title = Concentrations of the major birch tree allergen Bet v 1 in pollen and respirable fine particles in the atmosphere \| doi = 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70170-2 \| journal = Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology \| volume = 100 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 656–661 \| year = 1997 \| pmid = 9389296\| url = http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(97)70170-2/fulltext}} "the total pollen grain mass of approximately 7.85 ng"
10⁻¹¹ \| \|
rowspan=2\|10⁻¹⁰ \|2.5{{e\|−10}} kg \|Grain of maize pollen{{Cite journal \| last1 = Fonseca \| first1 = A. E. \| last2 = Westgate \| first2 = M. E. \| last3 = Grass \| first3 = L. \| last4 = Dornbos \| first4 = J. \| title = Tassel Morphology as an Indicator of Potential Pollen Production in Maize \| doi = 10.1094/CM-2003-0804-01-RS \| journal = Crop Management \| year = 2003 \| url = http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ \| volume = 2 \| pages = 1–15 \| access-date = 2015-08-28 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130331145618/http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ \| archive-date = 2013-03-31 \| url-status = dead }} "The dry weight of individual pollen grains has been estimated at 250 ng"
3.5{{e\|−10}} kg \|Very fine grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms)
rowspan=2\|10⁻⁹ microgram (μg) \|3.6{{e\|−9}} kg \|Human ovumMass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101664&ver=7 \|title= Volume of human oocyte - Human Homo sapiens \|publisher= BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-11-01 }}
2.4{{e\|−9}} kg \|US RDA for vitamin B12 for adults{{cite web \|url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12 \|title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12 \|publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements \|access-date=2011-10-02 }}
rowspan=5\|10⁻⁸ \|{{val\|e=-8\|u=kg}} \|Speculated approximate lower limit of the mass of a primordial black hole
{{val\|1.5\|e=-8\|u=kg}} \|US RDA for vitamin D for adults{{cite web \|url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind \|title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D \|publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements \|access-date=2011-10-02 }}
~2{{e\|−8}} kg \|Uncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) (±~20{{nbsp}}μg)Report to the CGPM, 14th meeting of the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU), April 2001, 2. (ii); General Conference on Weights and Measures, 22nd Meeting, October 2003, which stated "The kilogram is in need of a new definition because the mass of the prototype is known to vary by several parts in 10⁸ over periods of time of the order of a month ..." ([http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/zip/CGPM22.zip 3.2{{nbsp}}MB ZIP file, here]).
2.2{{e\|−8}} kg \|Planck mass,{{cite web \|title=CODATA Value: Planck mass \|url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkm \|access-date=2011-09-30 \|website=The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty \|publisher=NIST}} can be expressed as the mass of a 2 Planck Length radius black hole
~7{{e\|−8}} kg \|One eyelash hair (approximate){{cite web \|url=http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html \|title=Weigh An Eyelash \|publisher=National Semiconductor \|access-date=2011-10-02 \|archive-date=7 February 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207230146/http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html \|url-status=dead }}
rowspan=2\|10⁻⁷ \|1.5{{e\|−7}} kg \|US RDA for iodine for adults{{cite web \|url=http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-QuickFacts \|title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Iodine \|publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements \|access-date=2011-10-02 }}
2–3{{e\|−7}} kg \|Fruit fly (dry weight){{cite web \|url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=102570 \|title=Mean dry mass (male) - Fruit fly \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-14 }}{{cite web \|url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102571 \|title=Mean dry mass (female) - Fruit fly \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-14 }}

class="wikitable sortable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=3|10⁻¹²
nanogram (ng)

|1{{e|−12}} kg

|Average human cell (1 nanogram){{cite web |url= http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro.html |title= A quick introduction to elements of biology - cells, molecules, genes, functional genomics, microarrays |publisher= European Bioinformatics Institute |quote=if we estimate the average weight of a human cell as about 10^-9 g}}

2–3{{e|−12}} kg

|HeLa human cell{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103721 |title= Measured HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103720 |title= Estimated HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}{{cite journal|title=Measurement of Single Cell Refractive Index, Dry Mass, Volume, and Density Using a Transillumination Microscope|first1=Kevin G.|last1=Phillips|first2=Steven L.|last2=Jacques|first3=Owen J. T.|last3=McCarty|date=13 September 2012|volume=109|issue=11|pages = 118105|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.109.118105|pmid=23005682|bibcode = 2012PhRvL.109k8105P|journal=Physical Review Letters|pmc=3621783}}

8{{e|−12}} kg

|Grain of birch pollen{{Cite journal | last1 = Schäppi | first1 = G. F. | last2 = Suphioglu | first2 = C. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = P. E. | last4 = Knox | first4 = R. B. | title = Concentrations of the major birch tree allergen Bet v 1 in pollen and respirable fine particles in the atmosphere | doi = 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70170-2 | journal = Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 100 | issue = 5 | pages = 656–661 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9389296| url = http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(97)70170-2/fulltext}} "the total pollen grain mass of approximately 7.85 ng"

10⁻¹¹

rowspan=2|10⁻¹⁰

|2.5{{e|−10}} kg

|Grain of maize pollen{{Cite journal | last1 = Fonseca | first1 = A. E. | last2 = Westgate | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Grass | first3 = L. | last4 = Dornbos | first4 = J. | title = Tassel Morphology as an Indicator of Potential Pollen Production in Maize | doi = 10.1094/CM-2003-0804-01-RS | journal = Crop Management | year = 2003 | url = http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ | volume = 2 | pages = 1–15 | access-date = 2015-08-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130331145618/http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ | archive-date = 2013-03-31 | url-status = dead }} "The dry weight of individual pollen grains has been estimated at 250 ng"

3.5{{e|−10}} kg

|Very fine grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms)

rowspan=2|10⁻⁹
microgram (μg)

|3.6{{e|−9}} kg

|Human ovumMass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101664&ver=7 |title= Volume of human oocyte - Human Homo sapiens |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}

2.4{{e|−9}} kg

|US RDA for vitamin B12 for adults{{cite web |url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12 |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12 |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}

rowspan=5|10⁻⁸

|{{val|e=-8|u=kg}}

|Speculated approximate lower limit of the mass of a primordial black hole

|US RDA for vitamin D for adults{{cite web |url= http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}

~2{{e|−8}} kg

|Uncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) (±~20{{nbsp}}μg)Report to the CGPM, 14th meeting of the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU), April 2001, 2. (ii); General Conference on Weights and Measures, 22nd Meeting, October 2003, which stated "The kilogram is in need of a new definition because the mass of the prototype is known to vary by several parts in 10⁸ over periods of time of the order of a month ..." ([http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/zip/CGPM22.zip 3.2{{nbsp}}MB ZIP file, here]).

2.2{{e|−8}} kg

|Planck mass,{{cite web |title=CODATA Value: Planck mass |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkm |access-date=2011-09-30 |website=The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |publisher=NIST}} can be expressed as the mass of a 2 Planck Length radius black hole

~7{{e|−8}} kg

|One eyelash hair (approximate){{cite web |url=http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html |title=Weigh An Eyelash |publisher=National Semiconductor |access-date=2011-10-02 |archive-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207230146/http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html |url-status=dead }}

rowspan=2|10⁻⁷

|1.5{{e|−7}} kg

|US RDA for iodine for adults{{cite web |url=http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-QuickFacts |title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Iodine |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}

2–3{{e|−7}} kg

|Fruit fly (dry weight){{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=102570 |title=Mean dry mass (male) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102571 |title=Mean dry mass (female) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}

= 10−6 to 1 kg =

class="wikitable sortable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
10⁻⁶ milligram (mg) \|2.5{{e\|−6}} kg \|Mosquitoes, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams),{{cite web \|url=http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh \|title=Frequently Asked Questions \|publisher=American Mosquito Control Association \|access-date=2011-08-23 \|quote=Smaller species found around houses commonly weigh about 2.5 milligrams. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918143050/http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh \|archive-date=2011-09-18 \|url-status=dead }} grain of salt or sand,{{cite web\|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/measure/metric-mass.html\|access-date=2019-09-19\|title=Metric Mass (Weight)}} medicines are typically expressed in milligrams{{cite web\|url=https://thinkmetric.org.uk/basics/mass/\|access-date=2019-09-19\|title=Mass\|date=8 July 2017}}
rowspan=2\|10⁻⁵ centigram (cg) \|1.1{{e\|−5}} kg \|Small granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)Quartz has a density of 2.65. Mass = Volume × Density = (4/3 × π × (1e−3 m)³) × (2.65 × 1e3 kg/m³) = 1.1e−5 kg.
2{{e\|−5}} kg \|Adult housefly (Musca domestica, 21.4 milligrams){{cite journal \|last1=Price \|first1=G. M. \|date=1961 \|title=Some Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Adult Housefly, Musca domestica \|journal=Biochem. J. \|volume=80 \|issue=2 \|pages=420–8 \|pmc=1244018 \|pmid=16748919\|doi=10.1042/bj0800420 }}
rowspan=3\|10⁻⁴ decigram (dg) \|0.27–2.0{{e\|−4}} kg \|Range of amounts of caffeine in one cup of coffee (27–200 milligrams){{cite web \|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211 \|title=Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more \|publisher=Mayo Clinic \|access-date=2011-08-23 }}
1.5{{e\|−4}} kg \|A frame of 35mm motion picture film (157 milligrams)
2{{e\|−4}} kg \|Metric carat (200 milligrams)
rowspan=4\|10⁻³ gram (g) \|1{{e\|−3}} kg \|One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram){{cite web\|title=Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Water at Various Temperatures\|url=http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_water.htm\|website=SiMetric\|access-date=13 December 2011}}
1{{e\|−3}} kg \|US dollar bill (1 gram){{cite web \|url=http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html \|title=FAQ Library \|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing \|access-date=2011-08-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929124820/http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html \|archive-date=2011-09-29 \|url-status=dead }}
~1{{e\|−3}} kg \|Two raisins (approximately 1 gram){{Cite web\|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/\|title=FoodData Central\|website=fdc.nal.usda.gov\|access-date=2019-04-22}}
~8{{e\|−3}} kg \|Coins of one euro (7.5 grams),{{cite web \|url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/introducing_euro_practical_aspects/l25028_en.htm \|title=Denominations and technical specifications of Euro coins \|quote=weight (g): 7.5 \|access-date=2013-06-22 }} one U.S. dollar (8.1 grams){{cite web \|url=http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications \|title=Coin specifications \|publisher=United States Mint \|access-date=2011-08-23 \|archive-date=18 February 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218061037/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications \|url-status=dead }} and one Canadian loonie (7 grams [pre-2012], 6.27 grams [2012-]){{cite web \|url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/learn/1-dollar-5300014 \|title=the 1-dollar coin - Royal Canadian Mint \|publisher=Royal Canadian Mint \|access-date=2014-05-24 }}
rowspan="5" \|10⁻² decagram (dag) \|1.2{{e\|−2}} kg \|Mass of one mole (Avogadro constant atoms) of carbon-12 (12 grams)
1.37{{e\|−2}} kg \|Amount of ethanol defined as one standard drink in the U.S. (13.7 grams){{cite web \|url=https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink \|title=Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions \|publisher=CDC \|access-date=2011-08-23 \|date=2018-03-29 }}
2–4{{e\|−2}} kg \|Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams){{cite web \|url=http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse \|title=Biomethodology of the Mouse \|publisher=Animal Research, The University of Iowa \|access-date=2011-10-17 \|archive-date=18 January 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151045/http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse \|url-status=dead }}
2.8{{e\|−2}} kg \|Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.3495 grams)
4.7{{e\|−2}} kg \|Mass equivalent of the energy that is 1 megaton of TNT equivalent{{cite journal\|title=Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically\|url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html\|journal=NIST\|access-date=29 October 2011\|date=2009-07-02}}Calculated: 1e6 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent × 1.1e−17 kg of mass-equivalent/J = 4.7e−2 kg of mass-equivalent
rowspan=3\|10⁻¹ hectogram (hg) \|0.1-0.2 kg \|An orange (100–200 grams){{cite web \|url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ \|title=Oranges, raw, with peel (NDB No. 09205 and 09200) \|website=USDA Nutrient Database \|publisher=USDA \|access-date=2011-10-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ \|archive-date=2015-03-03 \|url-status=dead }}
0.142-0.149 kg \|A baseball used in the major league.Christina Lee, [https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/ChristinaLee.shtml "Mass of a Baseball"], The Physics Factbook, 1999. Retrieved 2018-07-04
0.454 kg \|Pound (avoirdupois) (453.6 grams)

class="wikitable sortable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

10⁻⁶
milligram (mg)

|2.5{{e|−6}} kg

|Mosquitoes, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams),{{cite web |url=http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=American Mosquito Control Association |access-date=2011-08-23 |quote=Smaller species found around houses commonly weigh about 2.5 milligrams. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918143050/http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh |archive-date=2011-09-18 |url-status=dead }} grain of salt or sand,{{cite web|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/measure/metric-mass.html|access-date=2019-09-19|title=Metric Mass (Weight)}} medicines are typically expressed in milligrams{{cite web|url=https://thinkmetric.org.uk/basics/mass/|access-date=2019-09-19|title=Mass|date=8 July 2017}}

rowspan=2|10⁻⁵
centigram (cg)

|1.1{{e|−5}} kg

|Small granule of quartz (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)Quartz has a density of 2.65. Mass = Volume × Density = (4/3 × π × (1e−3 m)³) × (2.65 × 1e3 kg/m³) = 1.1e−5 kg.

2{{e|−5}} kg

|Adult housefly (Musca domestica, 21.4 milligrams){{cite journal |last1=Price |first1=G. M. |date=1961 |title=Some Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Adult Housefly, Musca domestica |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=420–8 |pmc=1244018 |pmid=16748919|doi=10.1042/bj0800420 }}

rowspan=3|10⁻⁴
decigram (dg)

|0.27–2.0{{e|−4}} kg

|Range of amounts of caffeine in one cup of coffee (27–200 milligrams){{cite web |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211 |title=Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more |publisher=Mayo Clinic |access-date=2011-08-23 }}

1.5{{e|−4}} kg

|A frame of 35mm motion picture film (157 milligrams)

2{{e|−4}} kg

|Metric carat (200 milligrams)

rowspan=4|10⁻³
gram (g)

|1{{e|−3}} kg

|One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram){{cite web|title=Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Water at Various Temperatures|url=http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_water.htm|website=SiMetric|access-date=13 December 2011}}

1{{e|−3}} kg

|US dollar bill (1 gram){{cite web |url=http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html |title=FAQ Library |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing |access-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929124820/http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html |archive-date=2011-09-29 |url-status=dead }}

~1{{e|−3}} kg

|Two raisins (approximately 1 gram){{Cite web|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/|title=FoodData Central|website=fdc.nal.usda.gov|access-date=2019-04-22}}

~8{{e|−3}} kg

|Coins of one euro (7.5 grams),{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/introducing_euro_practical_aspects/l25028_en.htm |title=Denominations and technical specifications of Euro coins |quote=weight (g): 7.5 |access-date=2013-06-22 }} one U.S. dollar (8.1 grams){{cite web |url=http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications |title=Coin specifications |publisher=United States Mint |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218061037/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications |url-status=dead }} and one Canadian loonie (7 grams [pre-2012], 6.27 grams [2012-]){{cite web |url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/learn/1-dollar-5300014 |title=the 1-dollar coin - Royal Canadian Mint |publisher=Royal Canadian Mint |access-date=2014-05-24 }}

rowspan="5" |10⁻²
decagram (dag)

|1.2{{e|−2}} kg

|Mass of one mole (Avogadro constant atoms) of carbon-12 (12 grams)

1.37{{e|−2}} kg

|Amount of ethanol defined as one standard drink in the U.S. (13.7 grams){{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink |title=Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=CDC |access-date=2011-08-23 |date=2018-03-29 }}

2–4{{e|−2}} kg

|Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams){{cite web |url=http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse |title=Biomethodology of the Mouse |publisher=Animal Research, The University of Iowa |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151045/http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse |url-status=dead }}

2.8{{e|−2}} kg

|Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.3495 grams)

4.7{{e|−2}} kg

|Mass equivalent of the energy that is 1 megaton of TNT equivalent{{cite journal|title=Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically|url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html|journal=NIST|access-date=29 October 2011|date=2009-07-02}}Calculated: 1e6 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent × 1.1e−17 kg of mass-equivalent/J = 4.7e−2 kg of mass-equivalent

rowspan=3|10⁻¹
hectogram (hg)

|0.1-0.2 kg

|An orange (100–200 grams){{cite web |url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |title=Oranges, raw, with peel (NDB No. 09205 and 09200) |website=USDA Nutrient Database |publisher=USDA |access-date=2011-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |archive-date=2015-03-03 |url-status=dead }}

0.142-0.149 kg

|A baseball used in the major league.Christina Lee, [https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/ChristinaLee.shtml "Mass of a Baseball"], The Physics Factbook, 1999. Retrieved 2018-07-04

0.454 kg

|Pound (avoirdupois) (453.6 grams)

= 1 kg to 105 kg =

File:Poids fonte.jpgs depicted in {{lang|fr|Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'épicerie et des industries annexes}}.]]

class="wikitable sortable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=8\|1 kg kilogram (kg) \|1 kg \|One litre (0.001 m³) of water{{cite web\|title=Water - Density and Specific Weight\|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html\|publisher=The Engineering Tool Box}}
1–3 kg \|Smallest breed of dog (Chihuahua){{cite web\|title=Chihuahua Weight Chart\|url=http://members.shaw.ca/crystaljems/weight.htm\|access-date=14 December 2011\|quote=907 g ... 2722 g}}
1–3 kg \|Typical laptop computer, 2010{{cite web\|title=Laptop Buyer's Guide\|url=http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm\|publisher=About.com\|access-date=14 December 2011\|quote=2.0 lbs ... > 6 lbs\|archive-date=2 May 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502053937/http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm\|url-status=dead}}
1–3 kg \|Adult domestic tortoise
2.5–4 kg \|Newborn human baby{{cite web\|title=Baby birth weight Information\|url=http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html\|access-date=14 December 2011\|quote=2500 g ... 4000 g\|archive-date=29 November 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129055914/http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html\|url-status=dead}}
4.0 kg \|Women's shot{{cite web\|title=Shot Put - Introduction\|url=http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html\|publisher=IAAF\|access-date=12 December 2011}}
4–5 kg \|Housecat{{Cite journal \|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x \|volume=16 \|issue=2 \|pages=232–253 \|last1=Mattern \|first1=Michelle Y. \|title=Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids \|journal=Cladistics \|year=2000 \|last2=McLennan \|first2=Deborah A. \|pmid=34902955 \|s2cid=85043293 \|doi-access=free }}
7.26 kg \|Men's shot
rowspan=4\|10¹ \|9–27 kg \|Medium-sized dog{{cite web \|title=Dog Services - Adoptable Dogs \|url=http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp \|access-date=2 July 2013 \|quote=medium (30lbs to 60lbs) \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707082838/http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp \|archive-date=7 July 2013 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}
10–30 kg \|A CRT computer monitor or television set{{Citation needed\|date=December 2011}}
50 kg \|Large dog breed (Great Dane)
70 kg \|Adult human{{cite web\|title=Mass of an Adult\|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml\|website=The Physics Factbook\|access-date=13 December 2011\|quote=70 kg}}
rowspan=7\|10² \|130–180 kg \|Mature lion, female (130 kg) and male (180 kg){{Cite book\|author=Nowell, Kristin\|author2=Jackson, Peter \|title= Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan\|chapter-url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf \|date=1996 \|publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group \|location= Gland, Switzerland \|isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8 \|pages= 17 \|chapter= Panthera Leo \|quote=adult males (>4 years) 181 kg (n=14) and females 126 kg (n=25)}}
200–250 kg \|Giant tortoise
240–450 kg \|Grand piano{{cite web \|title=GRAND PIANO GUIDE TO STEINWAY AND INDUSTRY STANDARD SIZES \|url=http://www.bluebookofpianos.com/sizes.html \|publisher=Bluebook of Pianos \|access-date=13 December 2011 \|quote=540 lbs ... 990 lbs}}Calculated: 540 lbs × 0.4536 kg/lb = 240 kg. 990 lb × 0.4536 kg/lb = 450 kg.
400–900 kg \|Dairy cow{{cite web\|title=Cow (Cattle) breed comparisons\|url=http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm\|access-date=14 December 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209125453/http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm\|archive-date=9 December 2015\|url-status=dead}}
500–500,000 kg \|A teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf material (0.5–500 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html \|title=Lecture 22: Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars \|author=Jennifer Johnson \|publisher=Ohio State Department of Astronomy \|access-date=2011-10-17}}Using the quoted density of 1e5 to 1e8 kg/m³ for white dwarf material, 1 teaspoon = 5mL = 5e−3 m³ has a calculated mass of: Low end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e5 kg/m³ = 5e2 kg High end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e8 kg/m³ = 5e5 kg
635 kg \|Heaviest human in recorded history (Jon Brower Minnoch)
907.2 kg \|1 short ton (2000 pounds - U.S.)
rowspan=5\|10³ megagram (Mg) \|1000 kg \|1 tonne (U.S. spelling: metric ton)
1000 kg \|1 cubic metre of water
1016.05 kg \|Ton (British) / 1 long ton (2240 pounds - U.S.)
1300–1600 kg \|Typical passenger cars{{cite journal \|title=Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2016 \|journal=United States Environmental Protection Agency\|date=November 2016\|volume=EPA-420-R-16-010\|pages=28, 30\|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf\|access-date=2 November 2017}}
2700–6000 kg \|Adult elephant{{cite book\|last1=Norton\|first1=C.A. Spinage; illustrated by Larry\|title=Elephants\|date=1994\|publisher=T & A D Poyser\|location=London\|isbn=9780856610882}}
rowspan=8\|10⁴ \|1.1{{e\|4}} kg \|Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope \|title=Solar System Exploration: Hubble Space Telescope \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-08-23 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619154844/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope \|archive-date=2015-06-19 \|url-status=dead }}
1.2{{e\|4}} kg \|Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes){{cite book\|last1=Ward\|first1=Rowland\|title=Records of Big Game\|date=1935\|location=London\|edition=10th}}
1.4{{e\|4}} kg \|Big Ben (bell) (14 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/bigben.htm \|title=The Story of Big Ben \|publisher=Whitechapel Bell Foundry \|access-date=2011-10-17 }}
2.7{{e\|4}} kg \|ENIAC computer, 1946 (30 tonnes){{cite news\|last1=Kennedy Jr.\|first1=T.R.\|title=Electronic Computer Flashes Answers, May Speed Engineering\|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/birth-of-the-computer/4/78/323?position=0\|access-date=2 November 2017\|work=The New York Times\|issue=2–15–1946\|date=Feb 15, 1946}}
4{{e\|4}} kg \|Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a semi-trailer truck in the EU (40–44 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31996L0053&model=guichett \|format=PDF \|page=12 \|title=Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 \|access-date=2011-10-18 \|date=1996-09-17 }}
5{{e\|4}}–6{{e\|4}} kg \|Tank; Bulldozer (50–60 tonnes)
6.0{{e\|4}} kg \|Largest single-piece meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes){{metbull\|11890\|Hoba}}
7.3{{e\|4}} kg \|Largest dinosaur, Argentinosaurus (73 tonnes){{cite journal \|last=Mazzetta\|first=Gerardo V.\|author2=Christiansen, Per \|author3=Fariña, Richard A. \|date=2004\|title=Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs\|journal=Historical Biology\|volume=16\|issue=2–4\|pages=71–83\|doi=10.1080/08912960410001715132\|bibcode=2004HBio...16...71M \|url=http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf\|access-date=2009-01-23\|citeseerx=10.1.1.694.1650\|s2cid=56028251}}
rowspan=4\|10⁵ \|1.74-1.83{{e\|5}} kg \|Operational empty weight of a Boeing 747-300
1.8{{e\|5}} kg \|Largest animal ever, a blue whale (180 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/question687.htm \|title=What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? \|publisher=How Stuff Works \| access-date=2011-10-17\|date=2001-07-25 }}
4.2{{e\|5}} kg \|International Space Station (417 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html \|title=International Space Station: The ISS to Date \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-08-23 \|archive-date=11 June 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611163133/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html \|url-status=dead }}
6{{e\|5}} kg \|World's heaviest aircraft: Antonov An-225 (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes){{cite web\|url=http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 \|title=The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225 \|website=Air Vectors \|author=Greg Goebel \|access-date=2011-10-17 \|url-status=usurped \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629113925/http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 \|archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}

class="wikitable sortable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=8|1 kg
kilogram (kg)

|1 kg

|One litre (0.001 m³) of water{{cite web|title=Water - Density and Specific Weight|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html|publisher=The Engineering Tool Box}}

1–3 kg

|Smallest breed of dog (Chihuahua){{cite web|title=Chihuahua Weight Chart|url=http://members.shaw.ca/crystaljems/weight.htm|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=907 g ... 2722 g}}

1–3 kg

|Typical laptop computer, 2010{{cite web|title=Laptop Buyer's Guide|url=http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm|publisher=About.com|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=2.0 lbs ... > 6 lbs|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502053937/http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm|url-status=dead}}

1–3 kg

|Adult domestic tortoise

2.5–4 kg

|Newborn human baby{{cite web|title=Baby birth weight Information|url=http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=2500 g ... 4000 g|archive-date=29 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129055914/http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html|url-status=dead}}

4.0 kg

|Women's shot{{cite web|title=Shot Put - Introduction|url=http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html|publisher=IAAF|access-date=12 December 2011}}

4–5 kg

|Housecat{{Cite journal

|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x

|volume=16

|issue=2

|pages=232–253

|last1=Mattern

|first1=Michelle Y.

|title=Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids

|journal=Cladistics

|year=2000

|last2=McLennan

|first2=Deborah A.

|pmid=34902955

|s2cid=85043293

|doi-access=free

}}

7.26 kg

|Men's shot

rowspan=4|10¹

|9–27 kg

|Medium-sized dog{{cite web |title=Dog Services - Adoptable Dogs |url=http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp |access-date=2 July 2013 |quote=medium (30lbs to 60lbs) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707082838/http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp |archive-date=7 July 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

10–30 kg

|A CRT computer monitor or television set{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

50 kg

|Large dog breed (Great Dane)

70 kg

|Adult human{{cite web|title=Mass of an Adult|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml|website=The Physics Factbook|access-date=13 December 2011|quote=70 kg}}

rowspan=7|10²

|130–180 kg

|Mature lion, female (130 kg) and male (180 kg){{Cite book|author=Nowell, Kristin|author2=Jackson, Peter |title= Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|chapter-url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |date=1996 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location= Gland, Switzerland |isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8 |pages= 17 |chapter= Panthera Leo |quote=adult males (>4 years) 181 kg (n=14) and females 126 kg (n=25)}}

200–250 kg

|Giant tortoise

240–450 kg

|Grand piano{{cite web |title=GRAND PIANO GUIDE TO STEINWAY AND INDUSTRY STANDARD SIZES |url=http://www.bluebookofpianos.com/sizes.html |publisher=Bluebook of Pianos |access-date=13 December 2011 |quote=540 lbs ... 990 lbs}}Calculated: 540 lbs × 0.4536 kg/lb = 240 kg. 990 lb × 0.4536 kg/lb = 450 kg.

400–900 kg

|Dairy cow{{cite web|title=Cow (Cattle) breed comparisons|url=http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm|access-date=14 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209125453/http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status=dead}}

500–500,000 kg

|A teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf material (0.5–500 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html |title=Lecture 22: Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars |author=Jennifer Johnson |publisher=Ohio State Department of Astronomy |access-date=2011-10-17}}Using the quoted density of 1e5 to 1e8 kg/m³ for white dwarf material, 1 teaspoon = 5mL = 5e−3 m³ has a calculated mass of: Low end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e5 kg/m³ = 5e2 kg High end: 5e−3 m³ × 1e8 kg/m³ = 5e5 kg

635 kg

|Heaviest human in recorded history (Jon Brower Minnoch)

907.2 kg

|1 short ton (2000 pounds - U.S.)

rowspan=5|10³
megagram (Mg)

|1000 kg

|1 tonne (U.S. spelling: metric ton)

1000 kg

|1 cubic metre of water

1016.05 kg

|Ton (British) / 1 long ton (2240 pounds - U.S.)

1300–1600 kg

|Typical passenger cars{{cite journal |title=Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2016 |journal=United States Environmental Protection Agency|date=November 2016|volume=EPA-420-R-16-010|pages=28, 30|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf|access-date=2 November 2017}}

2700–6000 kg

|Adult elephant{{cite book|last1=Norton|first1=C.A. Spinage; illustrated by Larry|title=Elephants|date=1994|publisher=T & A D Poyser|location=London|isbn=9780856610882}}

rowspan=8|10⁴

|1.1{{e|4}} kg

|Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope |title=Solar System Exploration: Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619154844/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope |archive-date=2015-06-19 |url-status=dead }}

1.2{{e|4}} kg

|Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes){{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Rowland|title=Records of Big Game|date=1935|location=London|edition=10th}}

1.4{{e|4}} kg

|Big Ben (bell) (14 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/bigben.htm |title=The Story of Big Ben |publisher=Whitechapel Bell Foundry |access-date=2011-10-17 }}

2.7{{e|4}} kg

|ENIAC computer, 1946 (30 tonnes){{cite news|last1=Kennedy Jr.|first1=T.R.|title=Electronic Computer Flashes Answers, May Speed Engineering|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/birth-of-the-computer/4/78/323?position=0|access-date=2 November 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=2–15–1946|date=Feb 15, 1946}}

4{{e|4}} kg

|Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a semi-trailer truck in the EU (40–44 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31996L0053&model=guichett |format=PDF |page=12 |title=Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 |access-date=2011-10-18 |date=1996-09-17 }}

5{{e|4}}–6{{e|4}} kg

|Tank; Bulldozer (50–60 tonnes)

6.0{{e|4}} kg

|Largest single-piece meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes){{metbull|11890|Hoba}}

7.3{{e|4}} kg

|Largest dinosaur, Argentinosaurus (73 tonnes){{cite journal |last=Mazzetta|first=Gerardo V.|author2=Christiansen, Per |author3=Fariña, Richard A. |date=2004|title=Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs|journal=Historical Biology|volume=16|issue=2–4|pages=71–83|doi=10.1080/08912960410001715132|bibcode=2004HBio...16...71M |url=http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf|access-date=2009-01-23|citeseerx=10.1.1.694.1650|s2cid=56028251}}

rowspan=4|10⁵

|1.74-1.83{{e|5}} kg

|Operational empty weight of a Boeing 747-300

1.8{{e|5}} kg

|Largest animal ever, a blue whale (180 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/question687.htm |title=What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? |publisher=How Stuff Works | access-date=2011-10-17|date=2001-07-25 }}

4.2{{e|5}} kg

|International Space Station (417 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html |title=International Space Station: The ISS to Date |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-date=11 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611163133/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html |url-status=dead }}

6{{e|5}} kg

|World's heaviest aircraft: Antonov An-225 (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes){{cite web|url=http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 |title=The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225 |website=Air Vectors |author=Greg Goebel |access-date=2011-10-17 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629113925/http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}

= 106 to 1011 kg =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=4\|10⁶ gigagram (Gg) \|1{{e\|6}} kg \|Trunk of the giant sequoia tree named General Sherman, largest living tree by trunk volume (1121 tonnes){{cite book \|title=Big Trees \|first1=Walter \|last1=Fry \|first2=John Roberts \|last2=White \|date=1942 \|publisher=Stanford University Press \|location=Palo Alto, California}}
2.0{{e\|6}} kg \|Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817064244/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2000-08-17 \|title=Space Shuttle Basics \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-08-24 }}
6{{e\|6}} kg \|Largest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-08/868768324.Bt.r.html \|title=Re: What is the biggest tree in the world? \|publisher=MadSci Network \|author=David Hershey \|access-date=2011-10-17 }}
7.8{{e\|6}} kg \|Virginia-class nuclear submarine (submerged weight){{cite web\|title=The US Navy\|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060403115851/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=3 April 2006\|publisher=US Navy\|access-date=17 December 2011}}
rowspan=3\|10⁷ \|1{{e\|7}} kg \|Annual production of Darjeeling tea{{cite web \|url=http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 \|title=Darjeeling Tea: Questions and Answers \|publisher=Darjeeling Tea Association \|access-date=2011-09-11 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905055506/http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 \|archive-date=2011-09-05 }}
5.2{{e\|7}} kg \|RMS Titanic when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.markchirnside.co.uk/Olympic-Titanic66000-ton_displacement_myth.html \|title=THE 66,000 TON MYTH \|publisher=Mark Chirnside \|access-date=2011-08-24 }}
9.97{{e\|7}} kg \|Heaviest train ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes){{cite web \|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ \|title=Hamersley Freight Line - Railway Technology \|publisher=Railway Technology \|access-date=2011-10-17 }}
rowspan=2\|10⁸ \|6.6{{e\|8}} kg \|Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, Seawise Giant, when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes){{cite web \|title=Knock Nevis - The world's largest ship ever \|url=http://www.container-transportation.com/knock-nevis.html \|website=Container-Transportation \|access-date=19 October 2011}}
7{{e\|8}} kg \|Heaviest (non-pyramid) building, Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania{{cite web\|title=Heaviest building \|website= Guinness World Records\|url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-building/\|access-date=13 March 2015}}
rowspan=2\|10⁹ teragram (Tg) \|4.3{{e\|9}} kg \|Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second{{cite web \|url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qshrink.html \|title=Is the Sun Shrinking? \|publisher=Stanford Solar Center \|access-date=2011-08-24 }}
6{{e\|9}} kg \|Great Pyramid of Giza{{cite book \|title=The Great Pyramid of Giza: Measuring Length, Area, Volume, and Angles\| first=Janey \|last=Levy \|date=2005 \|isbn=978-1-4042-6059-7 \|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group}}
10¹⁰ \|6{{e\|10}} kg \|Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure{{cite web \|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/07spe/specrep01.html#Quick%20Facts \|title=The Three Gorges Dam Project \|author=Richard R. Wertz \|access-date=2011-10-17 }}{{cite web \|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/KatrinaJones.shtml \|title=Density of Concrete \|website=The Physics Factbook \|access-date=2011-10-17 }}
rowspan=4\|10¹¹ \|~1{{e\|11}} kg \|The mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe{{cite web \|url=http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html \|title=Hawking Radiation \|author=Andrew Hamilton \|publisher=University of Colorado at Boulder \|access-date=2011-10-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203060328/http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html \|archive-date=2007-02-03 \|url-status=dead }}
2{{e\|11}} kg \|Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³){{cite journal \|journal=Area \|date=2001 \|volume=33 \|issue=1 \|pages=95–97 \|title=London's Water Resources: Threat or Opportunity \|author=Chris Birks \|author2=Mike Owen \|author3=Brian Arkell \|jstor=20004131}}
6{{e\|11}} kg \|Total mass of the world's human population{{cite web \| url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/die-menschheit-wiegt-so-viel-wie-alle-termiten/1566852 \| title=Biomasse: Die Menschheit wiegt so viel wie alle Termiten }}
5{{e\|11}} kg \|Total biomass of Antarctic krill, one of the most plentiful animal species on the planet in terms of biomass{{cite book \|author=Stephen Nicol \|author2=Yoshinari Endo \|name-list-style=amp \|date=1997 \|url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W5911E/W5911E00.HTM \|series=Fisheries Technical Paper 367 \|title=Krill Fisheries of the World \|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization \|isbn=978-92-5-104012-6}}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=4|10⁶
gigagram (Gg)

|1{{e|6}} kg

|Trunk of the giant sequoia tree named General Sherman, largest living tree by trunk volume (1121 tonnes){{cite book |title=Big Trees |first1=Walter |last1=Fry |first2=John Roberts |last2=White |date=1942 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Palo Alto, California}}

2.0{{e|6}} kg

|Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817064244/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2000-08-17 |title=Space Shuttle Basics |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-24 }}

6{{e|6}} kg

|Largest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-08/868768324.Bt.r.html |title=Re: What is the biggest tree in the world? |publisher=MadSci Network |author=David Hershey |access-date=2011-10-17 }}

7.8{{e|6}} kg

|Virginia-class nuclear submarine (submerged weight){{cite web|title=The US Navy|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060403115851/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2006|publisher=US Navy|access-date=17 December 2011}}

rowspan=3|10⁷

|1{{e|7}} kg

|Annual production of Darjeeling tea{{cite web |url=http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 |title=Darjeeling Tea: Questions and Answers |publisher=Darjeeling Tea Association |access-date=2011-09-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905055506/http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 |archive-date=2011-09-05 }}

5.2{{e|7}} kg

|RMS Titanic when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.markchirnside.co.uk/Olympic-Titanic66000-ton_displacement_myth.html |title=THE 66,000 TON MYTH |publisher=Mark Chirnside |access-date=2011-08-24 }}

9.97{{e|7}} kg

|Heaviest train ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes){{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ |title=Hamersley Freight Line - Railway Technology |publisher=Railway Technology |access-date=2011-10-17 }}

rowspan=2|10⁸

|6.6{{e|8}} kg

|Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, Seawise Giant, when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes){{cite web |title=Knock Nevis - The world's largest ship ever |url=http://www.container-transportation.com/knock-nevis.html |website=Container-Transportation |access-date=19 October 2011}}

7{{e|8}} kg

|Heaviest (non-pyramid) building, Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania{{cite web|title=Heaviest building |website= Guinness World Records|url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-building/|access-date=13 March 2015}}

rowspan=2|10⁹
teragram (Tg)

|4.3{{e|9}} kg

|Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second{{cite web |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qshrink.html |title=Is the Sun Shrinking? |publisher=Stanford Solar Center |access-date=2011-08-24 }}

6{{e|9}} kg

|Great Pyramid of Giza{{cite book |title=The Great Pyramid of Giza: Measuring Length, Area, Volume, and Angles| first=Janey |last=Levy |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-4042-6059-7 |publisher=Rosen Publishing Group}}

10¹⁰

|6{{e|10}} kg

|Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/07spe/specrep01.html#Quick%20Facts |title=The Three Gorges Dam Project |author=Richard R. Wertz |access-date=2011-10-17 }}{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/KatrinaJones.shtml |title=Density of Concrete |website=The Physics Factbook |access-date=2011-10-17 }}

rowspan=4|10¹¹

|~1{{e|11}} kg

|The mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe{{cite web |url=http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html |title=Hawking Radiation |author=Andrew Hamilton |publisher=University of Colorado at Boulder |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203060328/http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html |archive-date=2007-02-03 |url-status=dead }}

2{{e|11}} kg

|Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³){{cite journal |journal=Area |date=2001 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=95–97 |title=London's Water Resources: Threat or Opportunity |author=Chris Birks |author2=Mike Owen |author3=Brian Arkell |jstor=20004131}}

6{{e|11}} kg

|Total mass of the world's human population{{cite web | url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/die-menschheit-wiegt-so-viel-wie-alle-termiten/1566852 | title=Biomasse: Die Menschheit wiegt so viel wie alle Termiten }}

5{{e|11}} kg

|Total biomass of Antarctic krill, one of the most plentiful animal species on the planet in terms of biomass{{cite book |author=Stephen Nicol |author2=Yoshinari Endo |name-list-style=amp |date=1997 |url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W5911E/W5911E00.HTM |series=Fisheries Technical Paper 367 |title=Krill Fisheries of the World |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |isbn=978-92-5-104012-6}}

= 1012 to 1017 kg =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=4\|10¹² petagram (Pg) \|0.8–2.1{{e\|12}} kg \|Global biomass of fish{{Cite journal \| last1 = Wilson \| first1 = R. W. \| last2 = Millero \| first2 = F. J. \| last3 = Taylor \| first3 = J. R. \| last4 = Walsh \| first4 = P. J. \| last5 = Christensen \| first5 = V. \| last6 = Jennings \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Grosell \| first7 = M. \| doi = 10.1126/science.1157972 \| title = Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle \| journal = Science \| volume = 323 \| issue = 5912 \| pages = 359–362 \| year = 2009 \| pmid = 19150840\| url = https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1157972 \|bibcode = 2009Sci...323..359W \| s2cid = 36321414 }}
4{{e\|12}} kg \|Global annual human food production{{cite web\|title=World Environment Day - Food Waste Facts\|url=http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/\|access-date=13 March 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154253/http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/\|archive-date=2 April 2015\|url-status=dead\|df=dmy-all}}
4{{e\|12}} kg \|World crude oil production in 2009 (3,843 Mt){{cite web \|url=http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf \|publisher=International Energy Agency \|title=Key World Energy Statistics 2010 \|date=2010 \|access-date=2011-09-13 \|page=10 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430050152/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf/ \|archive-date=2015-04-30 \|url-status=dead }}
5.5{{e\|12}} kg \|A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonnes)The average density of material in a neutron star of radius 10 km is {{val\|1.1\|u=kg cm⁻³\|e=12}}. Therefore, 5 ml of such material is {{val\|5.5\|u=kg\|e=12}}, or 5 500 000 000 t. This is about 15 times the total mass of the human world population. Alternatively, 5 ml from a neutron star of radius 20 km radius (average density {{val\|8.35\|u=kg cm⁻³\|e=10}}) has a mass of about 400 Mt, or about the mass of all humans.
rowspan=2\|10¹³ \|1{{e\|13}} kg \|Mass of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko{{cite journal\|title=A homogeneous nucleus for comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from its gravity field\|first1=M.\|last1=Pätzold\|first2=T.\|last2=Andert\|first3=M.\|last3=Hahn\|first4=S. W.\|last4=Asmar\|first5=J.-P.\|last5=Barriot\|first6=M. K.\|last6=Bird\|first7=B.\|last7=Häusler\|first8=K.\|last8=Peter\|first9=S.\|last9=Tellmann\|first10=E.\|last10=Grün\|first11=P. R.\|last11=Weissman\|first12=H.\|last12=Sierks\|first13=L.\|last13=Jorda\|first14=R.\|last14=Gaskell\|first15=F.\|last15=Preusker\|first16=F.\|last16=Scholten\|date=4 February 2016\|journal=Nature\|volume=530\|issue=7588\|pages=63–65\|doi=10.1038/nature16535\|pmid=26842054\|bibcode = 2016Natur.530...63P \|s2cid=4470894}}
4{{e\|13}} kg \|Global annual human carbon dioxide emission{{Cite news\|title=BBC News - Carbon dioxide satellite mission returns first global maps\|journal=BBC News\|url=http://bbc.com/news/science-environment-30399073\|access-date=13 March 2015\|date=2014-12-18\|last1=Amos\|first1=Jonathan}}{{cite web\|title=Carbon dioxide monitoring rocket blasts off – News – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)\|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation\|url=http://abc.net.au/environment/articles/2014/07/03/4038407.htm\|access-date=13 March 2015}}
rowspan=2\|10¹⁴ \|1.05{{e\|14}} kg \|Global net primary production – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth{{cite journal \|last1=Field\|first1=C.B. \|last2=Behrenfeld\|first2=M.J. \|last3=Randerson\|first3=J.T. \|last4=Falkowski\|first4=P. \|date=1998 \|title=Primary production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components \|journal=Science \|volume=281 \|pages=237–240 \|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237 \|pmid=9657713 \|issue=5374 \|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F \|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q \|type=Submitted manuscript }}
7.2{{e\|14}} kg \|Total carbon stored in Earth's atmosphere{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100967 \|title=Total carbon stored in the atmosphere \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-19 }}
rowspan=2\|10¹⁵ exagram (Eg) \|2.0{{e\|15}} kg \|Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere{{cite web \|url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100974 \|title=Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-19 }}
3.5{{e\|15}} kg \|Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide{{cite web \|url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100979 \|title=Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-19 }}
rowspan=4\|10¹⁶ \|1{{e\|16}} kg \|951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate){{cite web \|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html \|title=Asteroid Fact Sheet \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-10-15 }}
1{{e\|16}} kg \|Rough estimate of the total carbon content of all organisms on Earth.{{cite journal \|author=William B. Whitman \|author2=David C. Coleman \|author3=William J. Wiebe \|date=1998 \|title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority \|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \|volume=95 \|issue=12 \|pages=6578–6583 \|doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578\|pmc=33863 \|pmid=9618454\|bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.6578W \|doi-access=free }}
3{{e\|16}} kg \|Rough estimate of everything produced by the human species.{{cite journal \|title=Scale and diversity of the physical technosphere: A geological perspective \|journal=The Anthropocene Review \|volume=4 \|pages=9–22 \|doi=10.1177/2053019616677743 \|year=2017 \|last1=Zalasiewicz \|first1=Jan \|last2=Williams \|first2=Mark \|last3=Waters \|first3=Colin N. \|last4=Barnosky \|first4=Anthony D. \|author-link4=Anthony David Barnosky \|last5=Palmesino \|first5=John \|last6=Rönnskog \|first6=Ann-Sofi \|last7=Edgeworth \|first7=Matt \|last8=Neal \|first8=Cath \|last9=Cearreta \|first9=Alejandro \|last10=Ellis \|first10=Erle C. \|last11=Grinevald \|first11=Jacques \|last12=Haff \|first12=Peter \|last13=Ivar Do Sul \|first13=Juliana A. \|last14=Jeandel \|first14=Catherine \|author-link14=Catherine Jeandel\|last15=Leinfelder \|first15=Reinhold \|last16=McNeill \|first16=John R. \|last17=Odada \|first17=Eric \|last18=Oreskes \|first18=Naomi \|author18-link=Naomi Oreskes \|last19=Price \|first19=Simon James \|last20=Revkin \|first20=Andrew \|last21=Steffen \|first21=Will \|last22=Summerhayes \|first22=Colin \|last23=Vidas \|first23=Davor \|last24=Wing \|first24=Scott \|last25=Wolfe \|first25=Alexander P. \|issue=1 \|bibcode=2017AntRv...4....9Z \|hdl=11250/2553087 \|s2cid=55431583 \|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/11295/106930/1/jan.pdf }}
3.8{{e\|16}} kg \|Total carbon stored in the oceans.{{cite web \|url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100968 \|title=Total carbon stored in the oceans (mostly inorganic) \|publisher=BioNumbers \|access-date=2011-10-19 }}
10¹⁷ \|1.6{{e\|17}} kg \|Prometheus, a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring{{cite journal\| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025\| last1 = Thomas\| first1 = P. C.\| date = July 2010\| title = Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission\| journal = Icarus\| volume = 208\| issue = 1\| pages = 395–401\| url = http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf\| bibcode = 2010Icar..208..395T\| access-date = 4 September 2015\| archive-date = 23 December 2018\| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181223003125/http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf\| url-status = dead}}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=4|10¹²
petagram (Pg)

|0.8–2.1{{e|12}} kg

|Global biomass of fish{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = R. W. | last2 = Millero | first2 = F. J. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = J. R. | last4 = Walsh | first4 = P. J. | last5 = Christensen | first5 = V. | last6 = Jennings | first6 = S. | last7 = Grosell | first7 = M. | doi = 10.1126/science.1157972 | title = Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle | journal = Science | volume = 323 | issue = 5912 | pages = 359–362 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19150840| url = https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1157972 |bibcode = 2009Sci...323..359W | s2cid = 36321414 }}

4{{e|12}} kg

|Global annual human food production{{cite web|title=World Environment Day - Food Waste Facts|url=http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/|access-date=13 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154253/http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

4{{e|12}} kg

|World crude oil production in 2009 (3,843 Mt){{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf |publisher=International Energy Agency |title=Key World Energy Statistics 2010 |date=2010 |access-date=2011-09-13 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430050152/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf/ |archive-date=2015-04-30 |url-status=dead }}

5.5{{e|12}} kg

|A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonnes)The average density of material in a neutron star of radius 10 km is {{val|1.1|u=kg cm⁻³|e=12}}. Therefore, 5 ml of such material is {{val|5.5|u=kg|e=12}}, or 5 500 000 000 t. This is about 15 times the total mass of the human world population. Alternatively, 5 ml from a neutron star of radius 20 km radius (average density {{val|8.35|u=kg cm⁻³|e=10}}) has a mass of about 400 Mt, or about the mass of all humans.

rowspan=2|10¹³

|1{{e|13}} kg

|Mass of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko{{cite journal|title=A homogeneous nucleus for comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from its gravity field|first1=M.|last1=Pätzold|first2=T.|last2=Andert|first3=M.|last3=Hahn|first4=S. W.|last4=Asmar|first5=J.-P.|last5=Barriot|first6=M. K.|last6=Bird|first7=B.|last7=Häusler|first8=K.|last8=Peter|first9=S.|last9=Tellmann|first10=E.|last10=Grün|first11=P. R.|last11=Weissman|first12=H.|last12=Sierks|first13=L.|last13=Jorda|first14=R.|last14=Gaskell|first15=F.|last15=Preusker|first16=F.|last16=Scholten|date=4 February 2016|journal=Nature|volume=530|issue=7588|pages=63–65|doi=10.1038/nature16535|pmid=26842054|bibcode = 2016Natur.530...63P |s2cid=4470894}}

4{{e|13}} kg

|Global annual human carbon dioxide emission{{Cite news|title=BBC News - Carbon dioxide satellite mission returns first global maps|journal=BBC News|url=http://bbc.com/news/science-environment-30399073|access-date=13 March 2015|date=2014-12-18|last1=Amos|first1=Jonathan}}{{cite web|title=Carbon dioxide monitoring rocket blasts off – News – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=http://abc.net.au/environment/articles/2014/07/03/4038407.htm|access-date=13 March 2015}}

rowspan=2|10¹⁴

|1.05{{e|14}} kg

|Global net primary production – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth{{cite journal |last1=Field|first1=C.B. |last2=Behrenfeld|first2=M.J. |last3=Randerson|first3=J.T. |last4=Falkowski|first4=P. |date=1998 |title=Primary production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components |journal=Science |volume=281 |pages=237–240 |doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237 |pmid=9657713 |issue=5374 |bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q |type=Submitted manuscript }}

7.2{{e|14}} kg

|Total carbon stored in Earth's atmosphere{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100967 |title=Total carbon stored in the atmosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}

rowspan=2|10¹⁵
exagram (Eg)

|2.0{{e|15}} kg

|Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100974 |title=Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}

3.5{{e|15}} kg

|Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100979 |title=Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}

rowspan=4|10¹⁶

|1{{e|16}} kg

|951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate){{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html |title=Asteroid Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-10-15 }}

1{{e|16}} kg

|Rough estimate of the total carbon content of all organisms on Earth.{{cite journal |author=William B. Whitman |author2=David C. Coleman |author3=William J. Wiebe |date=1998 |title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–6583 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578|pmc=33863 |pmid=9618454|bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.6578W |doi-access=free }}

3{{e|16}} kg

|Rough estimate of everything produced by the human species.{{cite journal |title=Scale and diversity of the physical technosphere: A geological perspective |journal=The Anthropocene Review |volume=4 |pages=9–22 |doi=10.1177/2053019616677743 |year=2017 |last1=Zalasiewicz |first1=Jan |last2=Williams |first2=Mark |last3=Waters |first3=Colin N. |last4=Barnosky |first4=Anthony D. |author-link4=Anthony David Barnosky |last5=Palmesino |first5=John |last6=Rönnskog |first6=Ann-Sofi |last7=Edgeworth |first7=Matt |last8=Neal |first8=Cath |last9=Cearreta |first9=Alejandro |last10=Ellis |first10=Erle C. |last11=Grinevald |first11=Jacques |last12=Haff |first12=Peter |last13=Ivar Do Sul |first13=Juliana A. |last14=Jeandel |first14=Catherine |author-link14=Catherine Jeandel|last15=Leinfelder |first15=Reinhold |last16=McNeill |first16=John R. |last17=Odada |first17=Eric |last18=Oreskes |first18=Naomi |author18-link=Naomi Oreskes |last19=Price |first19=Simon James |last20=Revkin |first20=Andrew |last21=Steffen |first21=Will |last22=Summerhayes |first22=Colin |last23=Vidas |first23=Davor |last24=Wing |first24=Scott |last25=Wolfe |first25=Alexander P. |issue=1 |bibcode=2017AntRv...4....9Z |hdl=11250/2553087 |s2cid=55431583 |url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/11295/106930/1/jan.pdf }}

3.8{{e|16}} kg

|Total carbon stored in the oceans.{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100968 |title=Total carbon stored in the oceans (mostly inorganic) |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}

10¹⁷

|1.6{{e|17}} kg

|Prometheus, a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025| last1 = Thomas| first1 = P. C.| date = July 2010| title = Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission| journal = Icarus| volume = 208| issue = 1| pages = 395–401| url = http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf| bibcode = 2010Icar..208..395T| access-date = 4 September 2015| archive-date = 23 December 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181223003125/http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf| url-status = dead}}

= 1018 to 1023 kg =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=2\|10¹⁸ zettagram (Zg) \|5.1{{e\|18}} kg \|Earth's atmosphere{{cite web \|url=http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html \|title=The Mass of the Atmosphere: a Constraint on Global Analyses \|last1=Trenberth \|first1=Kevin E. \|last2=Smith \|first2=Lesley \|publisher=National Center for Atmospheric Research \|access-date=2011-09-09 \|archive-date=25 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725230200/http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html \|url-status=dead }}
5.6{{e\|18}} kg \|Hyperion, a moon of Saturn
rowspan=2\|10¹⁹ \|3{{e\|19}} kg \|3 Juno, one of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt {{cite web \|date=2010 \|title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations \|publisher=Personal Website \|author=Jim Baer \|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt \|access-date=2011-10-16 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702212735/http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt \|archive-date=2013-07-02 \|url-status=dead }}
3{{e\|19}} kg \|The rings of Saturn{{cite web \|url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/SaturnRings.html \|title=Saturn's Rings \|author=Brainerd, Jerome James \|publisher=The Astrophysics Spectator \|access-date=2011-09-09 }}
10²⁰ \|9.4{{e\|20}} kg \|Ceres, dwarf planet within the asteroid belt{{Cite journal\|last1=Carry \|first1=B. \|last2=Dumas \|first2=C. \|last3=Fulchignoni \|first3=M. \|last4=Merline \|first4=W. J. \|last5=Berthier \|first5=J. \|last6=Hestroffer \|first6=D. \|last7=Fusco \|first7=T. \|last8=Tamblyn \|first8=P. \|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078166 \|title=Near-infrared mapping and physical properties of the dwarf-planet Ceres \|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \|volume=478 \|issue=1 \|pages=235–244 \|year=2008 \|url=http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf \|bibcode=2008A&A...478..235C \|arxiv=0711.1152 \|s2cid=6723533 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530130946/http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf \|archive-date=May 30, 2008 }}
rowspan=4\|10²¹ yottagram (Yg) \|1.4{{e\|21}} kg \|Earth's oceans{{cite web \|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/AvijeetDut.shtml \|title=Mass of the Oceans \|website=The Physics Factbook \|access-date=2011-09-09 }}
1.5{{e\|21}} kg \|Charon, the largest moon of Pluto{{cite journal\| doi = 10.1086/504422\| last1 = Buie\| first1 = Marc W.\| last2 = Grundy\| first2 = William M.\| last3 = Young\| first3 = Eliot F.\| last4 = Young\| first4 = Leslie A.\| last5 = Stern\| first5 = S. Alan\| year = 2006\| title = Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2\| journal = The Astronomical Journal\| volume = 132\| issue = 1\| pages = 290–298\| bibcode = 2006AJ....132..290B\| arxiv = astro-ph/0512491\| s2cid = 119386667}}
2.9–3.7{{e\|21}} kg \|The asteroid belt{{cite journal \|last1=Krasinsky \|first1=G. A. \|author-link=Georgij A. Krasinsky \|last2=Pitjeva \|first2=E. V. \|author-link2=Elena V. Pitjeva \|last3=Vasilyev \|first3=M. V. \|last4=Yagudina \|first4=E. I. \|bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K \|title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt \|journal=Icarus \|volume=158 \|issue=1 \|pages=98–105 \|date=July 2002 \|doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837}}
4{{e\|21}} kg \|Haumea
rowspan=3\|10²² \|1.3{{e\|22}} kg \|Pluto
2.1{{e\|22}} kg \|Triton, largest moon of Neptune{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton \|title=Solar System Exploration: Triton: Overview \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015074425/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton \|archive-date=2011-10-15 }}
7.3{{e\|22}} kg \|Earth's Moon{{cite web \|url= http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040224174315/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= 2004-02-24 \|title= Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-10-13 }}
rowspan=4\|10²³ \|1.3{{e\|23}} kg \|Titan, largest moon of Saturn{{cite journal\| doi=10.1086/508812\| last1=Jacobson \| first1=R. A.\| last2=Antreasian \| first2=P. G.\| last3=Bordi \| first3=J. J.\| last4=Criddle \| first4=K. E.\| last5=Ionasescu \| first5=R.\| last6=Jones \| first6=J. B.\| last7=Mackenzie \| first7=R. A.\| last8=Meek \| first8=M. C.\| last9=Parcher \| first9=D.\| first10=F. J. \| last10=Pelletier\| first11=W. M. \| last11=Owen Jr.\| first12=D. C. \| last12=Roth\| first13=I. M. \| last13=Roundhill\| first14=J. R. \| last14=Stauch\| date=December 2006\| title=The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data\| journal=The Astronomical Journal\| volume=132 \| issue=6 \| pages=2520–2526\| bibcode=2006AJ....132.2520J \| doi-access=free}}
1.5{{e\|23}} kg \|Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter{{Cite journal \| last1 = Showman \| first1 = A. P. \| last2 = Malhotra \| first2 = R. \| title = The Galilean Satellites \| doi = 10.1126/science.286.5437.77 \| journal = Science \| volume = 286 \| issue = 5437 \| pages = 77–84 \| year = 1999 \| pmid = 10506564 \| url = http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf \| access-date = 28 August 2015 \| archive-date = 14 May 2011 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514231040/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf \| url-status = dead }}
3.3{{e\|23}} kg \|Mercury{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713203942/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-07-13 \|title=Mercury: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
6.4{{e\|23}} kg \|Mars{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215145455/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-15 \|title=Mars: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=2|10¹⁸
zettagram (Zg)

|5.1{{e|18}} kg

|Earth's atmosphere{{cite web |url=http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html |title=The Mass of the Atmosphere: a Constraint on Global Analyses |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Smith |first2=Lesley |publisher=National Center for Atmospheric Research |access-date=2011-09-09 |archive-date=25 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725230200/http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html |url-status=dead }}

5.6{{e|18}} kg

|Hyperion, a moon of Saturn

rowspan=2|10¹⁹

|3{{e|19}} kg

|3 Juno, one of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt

{{cite web

|date=2010

|title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations

|publisher=Personal Website

|author=Jim Baer

|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt

|access-date=2011-10-16

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702212735/http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt

|archive-date=2013-07-02

|url-status=dead

}}

3{{e|19}} kg

|The rings of Saturn{{cite web |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/SaturnRings.html |title=Saturn's Rings |author=Brainerd, Jerome James |publisher=The Astrophysics Spectator |access-date=2011-09-09 }}

10²⁰

|9.4{{e|20}} kg

|Ceres, dwarf planet within the asteroid belt{{Cite journal|last1=Carry |first1=B. |last2=Dumas |first2=C. |last3=Fulchignoni |first3=M. |last4=Merline |first4=W. J. |last5=Berthier |first5=J. |last6=Hestroffer |first6=D. |last7=Fusco |first7=T. |last8=Tamblyn |first8=P. |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078166 |title=Near-infrared mapping and physical properties of the dwarf-planet Ceres |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=478 |issue=1 |pages=235–244 |year=2008 |url=http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf |bibcode=2008A&A...478..235C |arxiv=0711.1152 |s2cid=6723533 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530130946/http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2008 }}

rowspan=4|10²¹
yottagram (Yg)

|1.4{{e|21}} kg

|Earth's oceans{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/AvijeetDut.shtml |title=Mass of the Oceans |website=The Physics Factbook |access-date=2011-09-09 }}

1.5{{e|21}} kg

|Charon, the largest moon of Pluto{{cite journal| doi = 10.1086/504422| last1 = Buie| first1 = Marc W.| last2 = Grundy| first2 = William M.| last3 = Young| first3 = Eliot F.| last4 = Young| first4 = Leslie A.| last5 = Stern| first5 = S. Alan| year = 2006| title = Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 132| issue = 1| pages = 290–298| bibcode = 2006AJ....132..290B| arxiv = astro-ph/0512491| s2cid = 119386667}}

2.9–3.7{{e|21}} kg

|The asteroid belt{{cite journal

|last1=Krasinsky |first1=G. A. |author-link=Georgij A. Krasinsky

|last2=Pitjeva |first2=E. V. |author-link2=Elena V. Pitjeva

|last3=Vasilyev |first3=M. V.

|last4=Yagudina |first4=E. I.

|bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K |title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt |journal=Icarus |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=98–105 |date=July 2002 |doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837}}

4{{e|21}} kg

|Haumea

rowspan=3|10²²

|1.3{{e|22}} kg

|Pluto

2.1{{e|22}} kg

|Triton, largest moon of Neptune{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton |title=Solar System Exploration: Triton: Overview |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015074425/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton |archive-date=2011-10-15 }}

7.3{{e|22}} kg

|Earth's Moon{{cite web |url= http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040224174315/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2004-02-24 |title= Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-10-13 }}

rowspan=4|10²³

|1.3{{e|23}} kg

|Titan, largest moon of Saturn{{cite journal| doi=10.1086/508812| last1=Jacobson | first1=R. A.| last2=Antreasian | first2=P. G.| last3=Bordi | first3=J. J.| last4=Criddle | first4=K. E.| last5=Ionasescu | first5=R.| last6=Jones | first6=J. B.| last7=Mackenzie | first7=R. A.| last8=Meek | first8=M. C.| last9=Parcher | first9=D.| first10=F. J. | last10=Pelletier| first11=W. M. | last11=Owen Jr.| first12=D. C. | last12=Roth| first13=I. M. | last13=Roundhill| first14=J. R. | last14=Stauch| date=December 2006| title=The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=132 | issue=6 | pages=2520–2526| bibcode=2006AJ....132.2520J | doi-access=free}}

1.5{{e|23}} kg

|Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter{{Cite journal | last1 = Showman | first1 = A. P. | last2 = Malhotra | first2 = R. | title = The Galilean Satellites | doi = 10.1126/science.286.5437.77 | journal = Science | volume = 286 | issue = 5437 | pages = 77–84 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10506564 | url = http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf | access-date = 28 August 2015 | archive-date = 14 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514231040/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf | url-status = dead }}

3.3{{e|23}} kg

|Mercury{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713203942/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-13 |title=Mercury: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

6.4{{e|23}} kg

|Mars{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215145455/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Mars: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

= 1024 to 1029 kg =

File:Hubble Visible View of Jupiter.jpg is the most massive planet in the Solar System.]]

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=2\|10²⁴ ronnagram (Rg) \|4.9{{e\|24}} kg \|Venus{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216111739/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-16 \|title=Venus: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
6.0{{e\|24}} kg \|Earth{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216035125/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-16 \|title=Earth: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-29 }}
rowspan=2\|10²⁵ \|3{{e\|25}} kg \|Oort cloud{{cite journal \| last1 = Weissman \| first1 = Paul R \| date = 1983 \| title = The mass of the Oort cloud \| bibcode=1983A&A...118...90W \| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume = 118 \| issue = 1\| pages = 90–94 }}
8.7{{e\|25}} kg \|Uranus{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031214200402/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-14 \|title=Uranus: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
rowspan=2\|10²⁶ \|1.0{{e\|26}} kg \|Neptune{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215224327/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-15 \|title=Neptune: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
5.7{{e\|26}} kg \|Saturn{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224191458/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2004-02-24 \|title=Saturn: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
10²⁷ quettagram (Qg) \|1.9{{e\|27}} kg \|Jupiter{{cite web \|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215141351/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-12-15 \|title=Jupiter: Facts & Figures \|website=Solar System Exploration \|publisher=NASA \|access-date=2011-09-22 }}
10²⁸ \|2–14{{e\|28}} kg \|Brown dwarfs (approximate){{cite web\|first = Alan\|last = Boss\|date = 2001-04-03\|url = http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html\|title = Are They Planets or What?\|publisher = Carnegie Institution of Washington\|access-date = 2006-06-08 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928065124/http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html \|archive-date = 2006-09-28}}
10²⁹ \|3{{e\|29}} kg \|Barnard's Star, a nearby red dwarf{{Cite journal \| last1 = Dawson \| first1 = P. C. \| last2 = De Robertis \| first2 = M. M. \| doi = 10.1086/383289 \| title = Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale \| journal = The Astronomical Journal \| volume = 127 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 2909 \| year = 2004 \|bibcode = 2004AJ....127.2909D \| doi-access = free }}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=2|10²⁴
ronnagram (Rg)

|4.9{{e|24}} kg

|Venus{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216111739/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-16 |title=Venus: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

6.0{{e|24}} kg

|Earth{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216035125/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-16 |title=Earth: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-29 }}

rowspan=2|10²⁵

|3{{e|25}} kg

|Oort cloud{{cite journal | last1 = Weissman | first1 = Paul R | date = 1983 | title = The mass of the Oort cloud | bibcode=1983A&A...118...90W | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 118 | issue = 1| pages = 90–94 }}

8.7{{e|25}} kg

|Uranus{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031214200402/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-14 |title=Uranus: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

rowspan=2|10²⁶

|1.0{{e|26}} kg

|Neptune{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215224327/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Neptune: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

5.7{{e|26}} kg

|Saturn{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224191458/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-02-24 |title=Saturn: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

10²⁷
quettagram (Qg)

|1.9{{e|27}} kg

|Jupiter{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215141351/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Jupiter: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}

10²⁸

|2–14{{e|28}} kg

|Brown dwarfs (approximate){{cite web|first = Alan|last = Boss|date = 2001-04-03|url = http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html|title = Are They Planets or What?|publisher = Carnegie Institution of Washington|access-date = 2006-06-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928065124/http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html |archive-date = 2006-09-28}}

10²⁹

|3{{e|29}} kg

|Barnard's Star, a nearby red dwarf{{Cite journal | last1 = Dawson | first1 = P. C. | last2 = De Robertis | first2 = M. M. | doi = 10.1086/383289 | title = Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 127 | issue = 5 | pages = 2909 | year = 2004 |bibcode = 2004AJ....127.2909D | doi-access = free }}

= 1030 to 1035 kg =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=2\|10³⁰ \|2{{e\|30}} kg \|The Sun{{cite web \|url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html \|title= Sun Fact Sheet \|publisher= NASA \|access-date= 2011-10-15 }} (one solar mass or {{Solar mass}} = 1.989{{e\|30}} kg)
2.8{{e\|30}} kg \|Chandrasekhar limit ({{Solar mass\|1.4}})p. 55, How A Supernova Explodes, Hans A. Bethe and Gerald Brown, pp. 51–62 in Formation And Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy: Selected Papers with Commentary, Hans Albrecht Bethe, Gerald Edward Brown, and Chang-Hwan Lee, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific: 2003. {{ISBN\|981-238-250-X}}.{{Cite journal \| last1 = Mazzali \| first1 = P. A. \| last2 = Röpke \| first2 = F. K. \| last3 = Benetti \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Hillebrandt \| first4 = W. \| title = A Common Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae \| doi = 10.1126/science.1136259 \| journal = Science \| volume = 315 \| issue = 5813 \| pages = 825–828 \| year = 2007 \| pmid = 17289993\| arxiv = astro-ph/0702351v1 \| type = PDF\|bibcode = 2007Sci...315..825M \| s2cid = 16408991 }}
10³¹ \|4{{e\|31}} kg \|Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star ({{Solar mass\|20}})Kaler, Jim. [http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html "Betelgeuse"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216023607/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html \|date=2008-12-16 }} (2008). Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
rowspan=2\|10³² \|4–7{{e\|32}} kg \|R136a1, the most massive of known stars (230 to 345 {{Solar mass}}){{cite journal \|last1=Crowther \|first1=Paul A. \|display-authors=4 \|last2=Schnurr \|first2=Olivier \|last3=Hirschi \|first3=Raphael \|last4=Yusof \|first4=Norhasliza \|last5=Parker \|first5=Richard J. \|last6=Goodwin \|first6=Simon P. \|last7=Kassim \|first7=Hasan Abu \|date=2010 \|title=The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted {{Solar mass\|150}} stellar mass limit \|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society \|volume=408 \|issue=2 \|pages=731–751 \|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x \|doi-access=free \|arxiv=1007.3284 \|bibcode = 2010MNRAS.408..731C \|s2cid=53001712 }}
6–8{{e\|32}} kg \|Hyades star cluster (300 to 400 {{Solar mass}})[http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/OpenClusters.html The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters]. Retrieved 2008-09-15
10³³ \|1.6{{e\|33}} kg \|Pleiades star cluster ({{Solar mass\|800}}){{Cite journal \| last1 = Adams \| first1 = J. D. \| last2 = Stauffer \| first2 = J. R. \| last3 = Monet \| first3 = D. G. \| last4 = Skrutskie \| first4 = M. F. \| last5 = Beichman \| first5 = C. A. \| title = The Mass and Structure of the Pleiades Star Cluster from 2MASS \| doi = 10.1086/319965 \| journal = The Astronomical Journal \| volume = 121 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 2053 \| year = 2001 \|arxiv = astro-ph/0101139 \|bibcode = 2001AJ....121.2053A \| s2cid = 17994583 }}
10³⁴ \| \|
rowspan=3\|10³⁵ \|~10³⁵ kg \|Typical globular cluster in the Milky Way (overall range: 3{{e\|3}} to 4{{e\|6}} {{Solar mass}}){{cite web \|url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii \|title=Globular cluster parameters \|publisher=Oleg Y. Gnedin and Jeremia P. Ostriker \|access-date=2011-09-09 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523233550/http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii \|archive-date=2011-05-23 \|url-status=dead }}
2{{e\|35}} kg \|Low end of mass range for giant molecular clouds (1{{e\|5}} to 1{{e\|7}} {{Solar mass}}){{cite web \|url= http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/molecular_clouds.html \|title= Cool Cosmos \|publisher= Infrared Processing and Analysis Center \|access-date= 2011-10-16 }}{{cite web \|url= http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html \|title = Milky Way Galaxy: Molecular Clouds \|publisher= The Astrophysics Spectator \|access-date= 2011-10-16 }}
7.3{{e\|35}} kg \|Jeans mass of a giant molecular cloud at 100 K and density 30 atoms per cubic centimeter;{{cite web \|url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html \|title=Molecular Clouds \|work=The Astrophysics Spectator. Issue 5.02 \|date=January 30, 2008 \|access-date=2008-09-15 \|quote=A cool cloud with a temperature of 100K and a density of 30 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter has a Jeans length of approximately 50 parsecs and a Jeans mass of approximately 365,000 solar masses. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204133518/https://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html \|archive-date=2008-02-04}} possible example: Orion molecular cloud complex

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=2|10³⁰

|2{{e|30}} kg

|The Sun{{cite web |url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |title= Sun Fact Sheet |publisher= NASA |access-date= 2011-10-15 }} (one solar mass or {{Solar mass}} = 1.989{{e|30}} kg)

2.8{{e|30}} kg

|Chandrasekhar limit ({{Solar mass|1.4}})p. 55, How A Supernova Explodes, Hans A. Bethe and Gerald Brown, pp. 51–62 in Formation And Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy: Selected Papers with Commentary, Hans Albrecht Bethe, Gerald Edward Brown, and Chang-Hwan Lee, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific: 2003. {{ISBN|981-238-250-X}}.{{Cite journal | last1 = Mazzali | first1 = P. A. | last2 = Röpke | first2 = F. K. | last3 = Benetti | first3 = S. | last4 = Hillebrandt | first4 = W. | title = A Common Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae | doi = 10.1126/science.1136259 | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5813 | pages = 825–828 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17289993| arxiv = astro-ph/0702351v1 | type = PDF|bibcode = 2007Sci...315..825M | s2cid = 16408991 }}

10³¹

|4{{e|31}} kg

|Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star ({{Solar mass|20}})Kaler, Jim. [http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html "Betelgeuse"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216023607/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html |date=2008-12-16 }} (2008). Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.

rowspan=2|10³²

|4–7{{e|32}} kg

|R136a1, the most massive of known stars (230 to 345 {{Solar mass}}){{cite journal |last1=Crowther |first1=Paul A. |display-authors=4 |last2=Schnurr |first2=Olivier |last3=Hirschi |first3=Raphael |last4=Yusof |first4=Norhasliza |last5=Parker |first5=Richard J. |last6=Goodwin |first6=Simon P. |last7=Kassim |first7=Hasan Abu |date=2010 |title=The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted {{Solar mass|150}} stellar mass limit |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=408 |issue=2 |pages=731–751 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=1007.3284 |bibcode = 2010MNRAS.408..731C |s2cid=53001712 }}

6–8{{e|32}} kg

|Hyades star cluster (300 to 400 {{Solar mass}})[http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/OpenClusters.html The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters]. Retrieved 2008-09-15

10³³

|1.6{{e|33}} kg

|Pleiades star cluster ({{Solar mass|800}}){{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = J. D. | last2 = Stauffer | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Monet | first3 = D. G. | last4 = Skrutskie | first4 = M. F. | last5 = Beichman | first5 = C. A. | title = The Mass and Structure of the Pleiades Star Cluster from 2MASS | doi = 10.1086/319965 | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 121 | issue = 4 | pages = 2053 | year = 2001 |arxiv = astro-ph/0101139 |bibcode = 2001AJ....121.2053A | s2cid = 17994583 }}

10³⁴

rowspan=3|10³⁵

|~10³⁵ kg

|Typical globular cluster in the Milky Way (overall range: 3{{e|3}} to 4{{e|6}} {{Solar mass}}){{cite web |url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii |title=Globular cluster parameters |publisher=Oleg Y. Gnedin and Jeremia P. Ostriker |access-date=2011-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523233550/http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii |archive-date=2011-05-23 |url-status=dead }}

2{{e|35}} kg

|Low end of mass range for giant molecular clouds (1{{e|5}} to 1{{e|7}} {{Solar mass}}){{cite web |url= http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/molecular_clouds.html |title= Cool Cosmos |publisher= Infrared Processing and Analysis Center |access-date= 2011-10-16 }}{{cite web |url= http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |title = Milky Way Galaxy: Molecular Clouds |publisher= The Astrophysics Spectator |access-date= 2011-10-16 }}

7.3{{e|35}} kg

|Jeans mass of a giant molecular cloud at 100 K and density 30 atoms per cubic centimeter;{{cite web |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |title=Molecular Clouds |work=The Astrophysics Spectator. Issue 5.02 |date=January 30, 2008 |access-date=2008-09-15 |quote=A cool cloud with a temperature of 100K and a density of 30 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter has a Jeans length of approximately 50 parsecs and a Jeans mass of approximately 365,000 solar masses. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204133518/https://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |archive-date=2008-02-04}}
possible example: Orion molecular cloud complex

= 1036 to 1041 kg =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan="4" \|10³⁶ \|1.79{{e\|36}} kg \|The entire Carina complex.
2.4{{e\|36}} kg \|The Gould Belt of stars, including the Sun ({{Solar mass\|1.2{{e\|6}}}}){{cite journal \| last1 = Olano \| first1 = C. A. \| date = 1982 \| title = On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt\| bibcode=1982A&A...112..195O\| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume = 112 \| issue = 2\| pages = 195–208 }}
7–8{{e\|36}} kg \|The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* ({{Solar mass\|3.7±0.2{{e\|6}}}}){{Cite journal \| last1 = Ghez \| first1 = A. M. \| last2 = Salim \| first2 = S. \| last3 = Hornstein \| first3 = S. D. \| last4 = Tanner \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Lu \| first5 = J. R. \| last6 = Morris \| first6 = M. \| last7 = Becklin \| first7 = E. E. \| last8 = Duchene \| first8 = G. \| doi = 10.1086/427175 \| title = Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole \| journal = The Astrophysical Journal \| volume = 620 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 744–757 \| year = 2005 \|arxiv = astro-ph/0306130 \|bibcode = 2005ApJ...620..744G \| s2cid = 8656531 }}
8{{e\|36}} kg \|Omega centauri, the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, containing approximately 10 million stars.
10³⁷ \| \|
10³⁸ \| \|
10³⁹ \| \|
10⁴⁰ \| \|
rowspan="2"\|10⁴¹ \| 1.98{{e\|41}} kg \|Phoenix A, the largest supermassive black hole, weighing 100 billion solar masses ({{Solar mass\|1{{e\|11}}}})
4{{e\|41}} kg \|Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy{{cite web\|url=http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr123/Notes/Chapter23.html#mass\|title=The Milky Way Galaxy\|quote=total mass (within 15 kpc) = 2 x 10^11 solar masses\|author=Jim Brau\|access-date=2011-09-12\|author-link=James E. Brau}}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan="4" |10³⁶

|1.79{{e|36}} kg

|The entire Carina complex.

2.4{{e|36}} kg

|The Gould Belt of stars, including the Sun ({{Solar mass|1.2{{e|6}}}}){{cite journal | last1 = Olano | first1 = C. A. | date = 1982 | title = On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt| bibcode=1982A&A...112..195O| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 112 | issue = 2| pages = 195–208 }}

7–8{{e|36}} kg

|The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* ({{Solar mass|3.7±0.2{{e|6}}}}){{Cite journal | last1 = Ghez | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Salim | first2 = S. | last3 = Hornstein | first3 = S. D. | last4 = Tanner | first4 = A. | last5 = Lu | first5 = J. R. | last6 = Morris | first6 = M. | last7 = Becklin | first7 = E. E. | last8 = Duchene | first8 = G. | doi = 10.1086/427175 | title = Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 620 | issue = 2 | pages = 744–757 | year = 2005 |arxiv = astro-ph/0306130 |bibcode = 2005ApJ...620..744G | s2cid = 8656531 }}

8{{e|36}} kg

|Omega centauri, the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, containing approximately 10 million stars.

10³⁷

10³⁸

10³⁹

10⁴⁰

rowspan="2"|10⁴¹

| 1.98{{e|41}} kg

|Phoenix A, the largest supermassive black hole, weighing 100 billion solar masses ({{Solar mass|1{{e|11}}}})

4{{e|41}} kg

|Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy{{cite web|url=http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr123/Notes/Chapter23.html#mass|title=The Milky Way Galaxy|quote=total mass (within 15 kpc) = 2 x 10^11 solar masses|author=Jim Brau|access-date=2011-09-12|author-link=James E. Brau}}

=The most massive things: 1042 kg and greater =

class="wikitable"
Factor (kg) !Value !Item
rowspan=2\|10⁴² \|1.2{{e\|42}} kg \|Milky Way galaxy ({{Solar mass\|5.8{{e\|11}}}}){{cite journal \| last1 = Karachentsev \| first1 = I. D. \| last2 = Kashibadze \| first2 = O. G. \| date = 2006 \| title = Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field \| bibcode=2006Ap.....49....3K \| journal = Astrophysics \| volume = 49 \| issue = 1\| pages = 3–18 \| doi = 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 \| s2cid = 120973010 }}
2–3{{e\|42}} kg \|Local Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way ({{Solar mass\|1.29±0.14{{e\|12}}}})
10⁴³ \|5.37{{e\|43}} kg \|ESO 146-5, the heaviest known galaxy in the universeDurrer, R., & Parnovsky, S. (2023). Catastrophic Dark Matter Particle Capture, 11. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.08843.pdf
10⁴⁴ \| \|
10⁴⁵ \|1–2{{e\|45}} kg \|Local or Virgo Supercluster of galaxies, including the Local Group ({{Solar mass\|1{{e\|15}}}}){{cite journal \| last1 = Einasto \| first1 = M. \| display-authors = 4 \| last2 = Saar \| first2 = E. \| last3 = Liivamägi \| first3 = L. J. \| last4 = Einasto \| first4 = J. \| last5 = Tago \| first5 = E. \| last6 = Martínez \| first6 = V. J. \| last7 = Starck \| first7 = J.-L. \| last8 = Müller \| first8 = V. \| last9 = Heinämäki \| first9 = P. \| last10 = Nurmi \| first10 = P. \| last11 = Gramann \| first11 = M. \| last12 = Hütsi \| first12 = G. \| year = 2007 \| title = The richest superclusters: I. Morphology \| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume = 476 \| issue = 2\| pages = 697–711 \| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20078037 \| bibcode=2007A&A...476..697E\|arxiv = 0706.1122 \| s2cid = 15004251 }}
10⁴⁶ \| \|
10⁴⁷ \|2{{e\|47}} kg \|Laniakea Supercluster of galaxies, which encompasses the Virgo supercluster
10⁴⁸ \|2{{e\|48}} kg \|Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament that includes the Laniakea Supercluster.
10⁴⁹ \|4{{e\|49}} kg \|Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, the largest structure in the known universe
10⁵⁰ \| \|
10⁵¹ \| \|
rowspan=2\|10⁵² \|4.4506{{e\|52}} kg \|Mass of the observable universe as estimated by NASA
1.4{{e\|53}} kg \|Mass of the observable universe as estimated by the U.S. National Solar Observatory{{cite web\|url=http://people.cs.umass.edu/~immerman/stanford/universe.html\|title=Mass, Size, and Density of the Universe}}

class="wikitable"

Factor (kg)

!Value

!Item

rowspan=2|10⁴²

|1.2{{e|42}} kg

|Milky Way galaxy ({{Solar mass|5.8{{e|11}}}}){{cite journal | last1 = Karachentsev | first1 = I. D. | last2 = Kashibadze | first2 = O. G. | date = 2006 | title = Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field | bibcode=2006Ap.....49....3K | journal = Astrophysics | volume = 49 | issue = 1| pages = 3–18 | doi = 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 | s2cid = 120973010 }}

2–3{{e|42}} kg

|Local Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way ({{Solar mass|1.29±0.14{{e|12}}}})

10⁴³

|5.37{{e|43}} kg

|ESO 146-5, the heaviest known galaxy in the universeDurrer, R., & Parnovsky, S. (2023). Catastrophic Dark Matter Particle Capture, 11. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.08843.pdf

10⁴⁴

10⁴⁵

|1–2{{e|45}} kg

|Local or Virgo Supercluster of galaxies, including the Local Group ({{Solar mass|1{{e|15}}}}){{cite journal | last1 = Einasto | first1 = M. | display-authors = 4 | last2 = Saar | first2 = E. | last3 = Liivamägi | first3 = L. J. | last4 = Einasto | first4 = J. | last5 = Tago | first5 = E. | last6 = Martínez | first6 = V. J. | last7 = Starck | first7 = J.-L. | last8 = Müller | first8 = V. | last9 = Heinämäki | first9 = P. | last10 = Nurmi | first10 = P. | last11 = Gramann | first11 = M. | last12 = Hütsi | first12 = G. | year = 2007 | title = The richest superclusters: I. Morphology | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 476 | issue = 2| pages = 697–711 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20078037 | bibcode=2007A&A...476..697E|arxiv = 0706.1122 | s2cid = 15004251 }}

10⁴⁶

10⁴⁷

|2{{e|47}} kg

|Laniakea Supercluster of galaxies, which encompasses the Virgo supercluster

10⁴⁸

|2{{e|48}} kg

|Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament that includes the Laniakea Supercluster.

10⁴⁹

|4{{e|49}} kg

|Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, the largest structure in the known universe

10⁵⁰

10⁵¹

rowspan=2|10⁵²

|4.4506{{e|52}} kg

|Mass of the observable universe as estimated by NASA

1.4{{e|53}} kg

|Mass of the observable universe as estimated by the U.S. National Solar Observatory{{cite web|url=http://people.cs.umass.edu/~immerman/stanford/universe.html|title=Mass, Size, and Density of the Universe}}

Notes

External links

[http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/massunits.html Mass units conversion calculator]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080401234327/http://www.pixeling.net/conversions/mass.htm Mass units conversion calculator JavaScript]

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Mass

Category:Mass

Orders of magnitude (mass)#The most massive things: 1042 kg and greater

Units of mass

=Other units=

=The least massive things: below 10<sup>−24</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−24</sup> to 10<sup>−18</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−18</sup> to 10<sup>−12</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−12</sup> to 10<sup>−6</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−6</sup> to 1 kg =

= 1 kg to 10<sup>5</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>17</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>23</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>24</sup> to 10<sup>29</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>30</sup> to 10<sup>35</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>36</sup> to 10<sup>41</sup> kg =

=The most massive things: 10<sup>42</sup> kg and greater =

See also

Notes

External links

Orders of magnitude (mass)#The most massive things: 1042 kg and greater

Units of mass

=Other units=

=The least massive things: below 10<sup>&minus;24</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−24</sup> to 10<sup>−18</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−18</sup> to 10<sup>−12</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−12</sup> to 10<sup>−6</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>−6</sup> to 1 kg =

= 1 kg to 10<sup>5</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>17</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>23</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>24</sup> to 10<sup>29</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>30</sup> to 10<sup>35</sup> kg =

= 10<sup>36</sup> to 10<sup>41</sup> kg =

=The most massive things: 10<sup>42</sup> kg and greater =

See also

Notes

External links

=The least massive things: below 10<sup>−24</sup> kg =