Outline of Puntland

{{Short description|Overview of and topical guide to Puntland}}

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Puntland ({{langx|so|Puntland}}, {{langx|ar|أرض البنط}}), officially the Puntland State ({{langx|so|Dawladda Puntland}}), A self-declared state in the East Africa, Puntland announced its independence from Somalia as of 1 April 2024.{{Cite news |title= Puntland to Operate Independently from Somalia After Law Change|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-01/puntland-to-operate-independently-from-somalia-after-law-change |access-date=2024-06-23 |newspaper=Bloomberg|date= 1 April 2024 }} The capital of Puntland is Garowe.

Citing a constitutional crisis in Somalia, the Puntland government withdrew its recognition of the Federal Government of Somalia and declared itself an independent state, invoking Article 4 of the Puntland Constitution. The region is located at the tip of the Horn of Africa.

A third of Somalia's population lives in the state,{{Cite web |url=http://www.sidint.net/background-considerations-on-somalia/ |title=Society for International Development Forum |access-date=2011-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724070427/http://www.sidint.net/background-considerations-on-somalia/ |archive-date=2011-07-24 |url-status=dead }} which contains about a third of the nation's geographical area.[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOMALIAEXTN/Resources/PuntlandFigures.pdf Puntland Facts & Figures 2003]

The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned by ancient Egyptian sources. However, the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in Somalia,Dan Richardson, Egypt, (Rough Guides: 2003), p.404Ian McMahan, Secrets of the Pharaohs, (HarperCollins: 1998), p.92 whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.David B. O'Connor, Stephen Quirke, Quir O'Connor, Mysterious lands, (UCL Press: 2003), p.64

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puntland. Part of Puntland is ex-Majertenia Sultanate, According to the Constitution of Puntland, Puntland consists of 9 regions:

1. Bari
2. Cayn
3. Haylaan
4. Karkaar
5. Mudug
6. Nugaal
7. Ra'as Aseir
8. Sanaag
9. Sool

In the colonial era, the region had relationships with the outside world. In 1870s some area signed treaty with Italy. The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations.[9] In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions.[10] The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests.[9] The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company.[10] An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Badhan fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.[9] With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of Italian colonial rule, both Kingdoms were eventually annexed in the early 20th century.[11] However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.

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