Pantelleria#History

With an area of {{cvt|83|km2|sqmi|frac=4}}, Pantelleria is the largest volcanic satellite island of Sicily. The last eruption occurred below sea level in 1891, and today phenomena related to volcanic activity are present, such as hot springs and fumaroles. The highest peak, the Montagna Grande, reaches {{cvt|836|m}} above sea level. The islanders speak Pantesco, a dialect of Sicilian influenced by Arabic.

Specchio di Venere lake is a soda lake.{{cite book |doi= 10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_192 |chapter= Soda Ocean Hypothesis |title= Encyclopedia of Geobiology |series= Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series |date= 2011 |last1= Kempe |first1= Stephan |last2= Kazmierczak |first2= Jozef |pages= 829–833 |isbn= 978-1-4020-9211-4 }}{{cite journal |last1=Cangemi |first1=Marianna |last2=Censi |first2=Paolo |last3=Reimer |first3=Andreas |last4=D'Alessandro |first4=Walter |last5=Hause-Reitner |first5=Dorothea |last6=Madonia |first6=Paolo |last7=Oliveri |first7=Ygor |last8=Pecoraino |first8=Giovannella |last9=Reitner |first9=Joachim |title=Carbonate precipitation in the alkaline lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, Italy) and the possible role of microbial mats |journal=Applied Geochemistry |date=April 2016 |volume=67 |pages=168–176 |doi=10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.02.012 |bibcode=2016ApGC...67..168C }}

{{anchor|Name|Etymology|Toponymy}}

File:Cossura Isis bronze coin.jpg

The Carthaginians knew the island as {{sc|yrnm}} ({{langx|xpu|𐤉𐤓𐤍𐤌}}){{sfnp|Huss|1985|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC&pg=PA568 568]}} or {{sc|ʾyrnm}} ({{lang|xpu|𐤀𐤉𐤓𐤍𐤌}}).{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911}}

The Greek geographers recorded it as Kossyra ({{langx|grc|Κόσσυρα}}) and Kossyros ({{lang|grc|Κόσσυρος}}),{{cite web|url=https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/graeca/Chronologia/S_ante06/Skylax/sky_p107.html|title=bibliotheca Augustana|website=www.hs-augsburg.de}} which became the Latin {{lang|la|Cossura}}.{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911}} This appears in Arabic as Qawṣirah ({{lang|ar|قوصرة}}) and Maltese as the former name {{lang|mt|Qawsra}}.

The original Arab name for the island was Bint al-Riyāḥ (Arabic: {{lang|ar|بنت الرياح}} and Maltese: Bint l-Irjieħ), meaning "Daughter of the Winds" after the strong gales that can arise off the north coast of Africa.

Its Sicilian name is {{lang|scn|Pantiddirìa}}, which gave rise to the present Maltese name {{lang|mt|Pantellerija}}.

File:Pantelleria Sese grande o Sese del Re (1017196158).jpg

The earliest evidence of human activity dates to the Neolithic, where it appears visitors to the island would arrive temporarily in order to extract obsidian for dispersion elsewhere in the central Mediterranean.{{cite journal |last1=Muntoni |first1=Italo M. |last2=Micheletti |first2=Francesca |last3=Mongelli |first3=Nicola |last4=Pallara |first4=Mauro |last5=Acquafredda |first5=Pasquale |title=First evidence in Italian mainland of Pantelleria obsidian: Highlights from WD-XRF and SEM-EDS characterization of Neolithic artefacts from Galliano necropolis (Taranto, Southern Italy) |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |date=October 2022 |volume=45 |pages=103553 |doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103553 |bibcode=2022JArSR..45j3553M }} The earliest permanent settlement would not begin until the Bronze Age, with the primary site, Mursia, being the only settlement known from the period.{{cite journal |last1=Marcucci |first1=Serena |title=La capanna B6 dell'abitato dell'Antica Età del Bronzo di Mursia (Pantelleria –TP) e le strutture produttive domestiche |journal=IpoTESI di Preistoria |date=22 December 2008 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=125–199 |doi=10.6092/issn.1974-7985/1359 }} The iconic Sesi, megalithic multi-burial structures, would be built during this period as well.{{cite web |title=Parco Archeologico dei Sesi {{!}} Pantelleria, Sicily {{!}} Attractions |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/sicily/pantelleria/attractions/parco-archeologico-dei-sesi/a/poi-sig/1622982/360023 |website=Lonely Planet }}

The original population of Pantelleria did not come from Sicily, but were of Iberian or Ibero-Ligurian ancestry. After a considerable interval, during which the island probably remained uninhabited, the Carthaginians took possession of it, no doubt owing to its importance as a station on the way to Sicily. This probably occurred around the beginning of the 7th century{{nbsp}}BC. Their acropolis was the twin hill of San Marco and Santa Teresa, {{cvt|2|km|mi|frac=4}} south of the present town of Pantelleria. The town has considerable remains of walls made of rectangular blocks of masonry and also of a number of cisterns. Punic tombs have been discovered, and the votive terra-cottas of a small sanctuary of the Punic period were found near the north coast.

The Romans occupied the island as the Fasti Triumphales record in 255{{nbsp}}BC, lost it again the next year, and recovered it in 217{{nbsp}}BC. It struck bronze coins, originally with a Punic inscription but changing to Latin by the 1st century{{nbsp}}BC.{{sfnp|Head & al.|1911}} Under the empire, it served as a place of banishment for prominent persons and members of the imperial family. The town enjoyed municipal rights.

In AD{{nbsp}}700, Arabs conquered the island. In 1123, Roger II of Sicily took the island, and in 1311 an Aragonese fleet under the command of Lluís de Requesens won a considerable victory here. Requesens's family became princes of Pantelleria until 1553, when a Turkish fleet commanded by Dragut sacked the island.{{cite book | last=Braudel | first=Fernand | title=The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II | publisher=Univ of California Press | publication-place=Berkeley, Calif | date=1995 | isbn=978-0-520-20330-3 | page=927}} A naval battle took place near the island in July 1586 when an armed English merchant fleet of five ships managed to repel an attack by eleven Spanish and Maltese galleys.

A Siculo-Arabic dialect similar to Maltese was the vernacular of the island until the late 18th century, when the Romance Sicilian superseded it. The modern Sicilian language in Pantelleria contains many Arabic loanwords, and most of the island's place names are of Semitic origin.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the British considered the possibility of taking over Pantelleria (together with Lampedusa and Linosa) so as to be able to supply Malta, but a royal commission stated in an 1812 report that there would be considerable difficulties in this venture.{{cite news|last1=Ganado|first1=Albert|title=Lampedusa's strong and long-standing relationships with Malta|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20131110/life-features/Lampedusa-s-strong-and-long-standing-relationships-with-Malta.494430|work=Times of Malta|date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921124955/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20131110/life-features/Lampedusa-s-strong-and-long-standing-relationships-with-Malta.494430|archive-date=21 September 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

Pantelleria's capture was regarded as crucial to Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943 as planes based on Pantelleria could readily reach Sicily. In Operation Corkscrew the Allies bombarded Pantelleria heavily from air and sea in the days before the invasion. The garrison surrendered as the landing troops approached. Pantelleria then became a vital base for Allied aircraft during the assault on Sicily.

A Middle Bronze Age village was on the west coast, {{cvt|3|km|mi|frac=2}} southeast of the harbour, with a rampart of small blocks of lava, about {{cvt|7.5|m|ft|0}} high, {{cvt|10|m|ft|0}} wide at the base and {{cvt|5|m|ft|0}} at the top, upon the undefended eastern side. Remains of huts were found there, with pottery, tools of obsidian, and other artifacts. These objects are in the museum at Syracuse.

To the southeast, in the district known as the Cunelie, are many tombs, known as sesi. They are similar in character to the nuraghe of Sardinia, though of smaller size, and consist of round or elliptical towers with sepulchral chambers in them, built of rough blocks of lava. Fifty-seven of them can still be traced. The largest is an ellipse of about {{cvt|18|x|20|m}}, but most of the sesi have a diameter of only {{cvt|6|-|7|m}}. The identical character of the pottery found in the sesi with that found in the prehistoric village proves that the former are the tombs of the inhabitants of the latter.

{{unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}

The island has scattered typical one-level buildings called dammuso of unknown but probably remote origins. A dammuso is a dry stone building with thick walls that usually appear black due to the extensive use of volcanic rock. They have characteristic domes on top painted white to avoid overheating. The domes collect rainwater that is directed to a large tank (usually below the building) or to the nearby soil for use in the dry season.

Most of the other constructions were destroyed during the Second World War. One notable exception is the castle Barbacane, a renaissance building formed by an irregularly quadrangular plan with internal court joined to a squared base tower.

File:Volcanic Rocks on Pantelleria in Italy 001.jpg

The island of Pantelleria is located above a drowned continental rift in the Strait of Sicily and has been the focus of intensive volcano-tectonic activity. The 15 kilometre-long ({{cvt|15|km|disp=output only}}) island is the emergent summit of a largely submarine edifice.{{Cite web |url=http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071 |title=Global Volcanism Program | Pantelleria | Summary |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604095939/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |url-status=dead }} Two large Pleistocene calderas dominate the island, the older of the two formed about 114,000 years ago and the younger Cinque Denti caldera formed about 45,000 years ago.{{cite journal |last1=Mahood |first1=Gail A. |last2=Hildreth |first2=Wes |title=Geology of the peralkaline volcano at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily |journal=Bulletin of Volcanology |date=June 1986 |volume=48 |issue=2–3 |pages=143–172 |doi=10.1007/BF01046548 |bibcode=1986BVol...48..143M }} The eruption that formed the Cinque Denti caldera produced the distinctive green tuff deposit that covers much of the island, and is found across the Mediterranean, as far away as the island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea.{{cite journal |last1=Margari |first1=V. |last2=Pyle |first2=D.M. |last3=Bryant |first3=C. |last4=Gibbard |first4=P.L. |title=Mediterranean tephra stratigraphy revisited: Results from a long terrestrial sequence on Lesvos Island, Greece |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |date=June 2007 |volume=163 |issue=1–4 |pages=34–54 |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.002 |bibcode=2007JVGR..163...34M }} Holocene eruptions have constructed pumice cones, lava domes, and short, blocky lava flows.{{Cite web |url=http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071&volpage=synsub |title=Global Volcanism Program | Pantelleria | Synonyms and Subfeatures |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820160056/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071&volpage=synsub |archive-date=20 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}

Later activity constructed the cone of Monte Gibele, part of which was subsequently uplifted to form Montagna Grande. Several vents are located on three sides of the uplifted Montagna Grande block on the southeast side of the island. A submarine eruption in 1891 from a vent off the northwest coast is the only confirmed historical activity.{{Cite web |url=http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071&volpage=erupt |title=Global Volcanism Program | Pantelleria | Eruptive History |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820160107/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0101-071&volpage=erupt |archive-date=20 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}

Currently the island is subsiding, and Montagna Grande is slowly sinking. This is thought to be caused by the magma beneath the volcano cooling and degassing.{{cite journal |last1=Mattia |first1=M. |last2=Bonaccorso |first2=A. |last3=Guglielmino |first3=F. |title=Ground deformations in the Island of Pantelleria (Italy): Insights into the dynamic of the current intereruptive period |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |date=November 2007 |volume=112 |issue=B11 |doi=10.1029/2006jb004781 |bibcode=2007JGRB..11211406M }} There are numerous hot springs and fumaroles on the island due to an active hydrothermal system. Favara Grande, in the south east of the island, is one of the best examples. The island is releasing a small amount of CO₂ through passive degassing.{{Cite conference

| publisher = Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo

| last = D'Alessandro

| first = W.

| title = Final report of Research Unit V3_7/02

| location = Palermo, Italy

| year = 2007

| hdl = 2122/4911}}

Total carbon stock in the first {{cvt|30|cm}} of soil of Pantelleria is about 230,000 tonnes.{{cite journal |last1=Saiano |first1=Filippo |last2=Oddo |first2=Giacomo |last3=Scalenghe |first3=Riccardo |last4=La Mantia |first4=Tommaso |last5=Ajmone-Marsan |first5=Franco |title=DRIFTS Sensor: Soil Carbon Validation at Large Scale (Pantelleria, Italy) |journal=Sensors |date=26 April 2013 |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=5603–5613 |doi=10.3390/s130505603 |doi-access=free |pmid=23624691 |pmc=3690017 |bibcode=2013Senso..13.5603S }}

The island is the type locality for pantellerite, a peralkaline rhyolite.

Pantelleria has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) characterized by very warm to hot, almost rainless and humid summers, very mild and frost-free winters, a powerful seasonal lag and a small diurnal temperature range. The constant sea breezes moderate the daytime summer temperatures. Coastal Pantelleria (along with Lampedusa, Kasos, Karpathos, Kastellorizo and coastal Malta) is one of the very few areas along the Mediterranean Sea coast that has never recorded frost. Below freezing temperatures and snow only occur, and sporadically, at Montagna Grande and higher elevations on the island. Despite the very dry summers and the fairly low annual precipitation, the dry season is noticeably short at four months, and the rainy season lasts at least eight months.

{{Weather box

|location = Pantelleria (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1971–2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 22.6

|Feb record high C = 25.2

|Mar record high C = 30.6

|Apr record high C = 32.0

|May record high C = 39.4

|Jun record high C = 42.6

|Jul record high C = 41.4

|Aug record high C = 41.8

|Sep record high C = 40.5

|Oct record high C = 34.8

|Nov record high C = 27.6

|Dec record high C = 25.4

|Jan high C = 14.0

|Feb high C = 14.0

|Mar high C = 15.6

|Apr high C = 18.1

|May high C = 22.5

|Jun high C = 26.4

|Jul high C = 28.8

|Aug high C = 29.4

|Sep high C = 26.7

|Oct high C = 23.2

|Nov high C = 18.7

|Dec high C = 15.3

|Jan mean C = 12.1

|Feb mean C = 11.9

|Mar mean C = 13.2

|Apr mean C = 15.2

|May mean C = 19.1

|Jun mean C = 22.8

|Jul mean C = 25.5

|Aug mean C = 26.3

|Sep mean C = 23.8

|Oct mean C = 20.7

|Nov mean C = 16.6

|Dec mean C = 13.5

|Jan low C = 10.2

|Feb low C = 9.7

|Mar low C = 10.7

|Apr low C = 12.3

|May low C = 15.7

|Jun low C = 19.2

|Jul low C = 22.1

|Aug low C = 23.1

|Sep low C = 20.9

|Oct low C = 18.2

|Nov low C = 14.5

|Dec low C = 11.6

|Jan record low C = 1.0

|Feb record low C = 2.0

|Mar record low C = 1.8

|Apr record low C = 4.6

|May record low C = 9.4

|Jun record low C = 11.0

|Jul record low C = 15.2

|Aug record low C = 15.0

|Sep record low C = 13.4

|Oct record low C = 9.0

|Nov record low C = 5.0

|Dec record low C = 2.6

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm =79.7

| Feb precipitation mm =63.2

| Mar precipitation mm =51.8

| Apr precipitation mm =35.1

| May precipitation mm =15.2

| Jun precipitation mm =8.5

| Jul precipitation mm =2.9

| Aug precipitation mm =7.8

| Sep precipitation mm =82.3

| Oct precipitation mm =91.7

| Nov precipitation mm =93.3

| Dec precipitation mm =92.75

| year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days =8.5

| Feb precipitation days =7.5

| Mar precipitation days =5.4

| Apr precipitation days =4.0

| May precipitation days =2.2

| Jun precipitation days =0.9

| Jul precipitation days =0.3

| Aug precipitation days =1.0

| Sep precipitation days =4.9

| Oct precipitation days =6.5

| Nov precipitation days =7.9

| Dec precipitation days =9.4

| year precipitation days =

| Jan dew point C =7.9

| Feb dew point C =7.0

| Mar dew point C =8.1

| Apr dew point C =9.9

| May dew point C =13.3

| Jun dew point C =16.1

| Jul dew point C =17.5

| Aug dew point C =19.2

| Sep dew point C =17.9

| Oct dew point C =15.6

| Nov dew point C =12.1

| Dec dew point C =9.2

|Jan sun = 125.5

|Feb sun = 146.2

|Mar sun = 186.1

|Apr sun = 208.5

|May sun = 259.2

|Jun sun = 286.6

|Jul sun = 319.3

|Aug sun = 306.4

|Sep sun = 231.3

|Oct sun = 196.6

|Nov sun = 148.7

|Dec sun = 124.1

|source 1 = NOAA (precipitation 1991–2020, sun and dew point 1981–2020){{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/Pantelleria_16470.csv |title=WMO Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Pantelleria |access-date=1 March 2024 |publisher= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |website=ncei.nooa.gov |format=CSV }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Italy/WMO_Normals_CliNo81-10.xls |title=WMO Climate Normals for 1981–2010: Pantelleria-16470 |publisher= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |website=ncei.nooa.gov |access-date=1 March 2024 |format=XLS }}

|source 2 = Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale{{cite web

| url = https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/SA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf

| title = Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia

| publisher=Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale

| access-date = 26 November 2024}}

}}

File:Pantelleria mappa.png

Pantelleria National Park (Italian: Parco Nazionale dell'Isola di Pantelleria) was established in 2016, and covers an area of {{convert|66.4|km2|sqmi|frac=16|abbr=on|sortable=on}}, or 80% of the island."Parco Nazionale Isola di Pantelleria in Italy". Protected Planet. Accessed 6 July 2020. [https://www.protectedplanet.net/parco-nazionale-isola-di-pantelleria-national-park]

Specchio di Venere (literally "Venus' mirror") is a natural lake formed in an extinct volcanic crater, and fed by rain and hot springs. The lake is {{cvt|12|m}} deep and is popular for swimming, hot springs, and mud bathing.

Other natural attractions are paths to the sea, a large network of trekking paths, hot springs, and a popular natural sauna fed by vapours filtering through rocks in a small cave. Also situated on the Island is Laghetto delle Ondine ("Pond of the ripples" or "Pond of the wavelets") a seawater lake which has developed into a very desired swimming hole.{{cite web|url=https://www.abitarepantelleria.com/en/blog/12-Gadir-s-baths-and-the-Laghetto-delle-Ondine-Ondine-swimming-hole|title=Gadir's baths and the Laghetto delle Ondine (Ondine swimming hole) – Abitare Pantelleria|website=abitarepantelleria.com|date=22 May 2023 }}

The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a population of Eleonora's falcons, with some 35–40 breeding pairs estimated in 1994.{{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/pantelleria-iba-italy|title= Pantelleria|author= |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 14 February 2021}}

The economy of Pantelleria consists mainly of agriculture and tourism.

File:Campi a Pantelleria.jpg

Pantelleria is noted for its sweet wines, Moscato di Pantelleria and Moscato Passito di Pantelleria, both made from the local Zibibbo grape.{{cite web

|url = http://italianmade.com/wine-details/moscato-di-pantelleria-19-457.html

|title = Moscato di Pantelleria (DOC)

|date = 11 October 2011

|publisher = Italian Trade Commission (ITC)

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120424101515/http://italianmade.com/wine-details/moscato-di-pantelleria-19-457.html

|archive-date = 24 April 2012

|df = dmy-all

}} In 2014, the traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the vite ad alberello (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO.[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/traditional-agricultural-practice-of-cultivating-the-vite-ad-alberello-head-trained-bush-vines-of-the-community-of-pantelleria-00720 UNESCO – Traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the ‘vite ad alberello’ (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria]

The island is served by Pantelleria Airport,{{cite web |url=https://www.aeroportodipantelleria.it/ |title=Aeroporto di Pantelleria |access-date=2022-03-13 |df=dmy-all }} which is served by DAT, connecting Trapani and Palermo and other companies in summer, connecting the island with Italian cities such as Milan, Rome, Venice and others. Ferries reach the island from Trapani, and it is near the main east–west route through the Mediterranean Sea.

File:Lago di Venere - Pantelleria, Trapani, Italia - 12 Agosto 2016.jpg|Specchio di Venere (Venus' mirror)

File:Specchio di Venere.jpg|Specchio di Venere (Venus' mirror), a soda lake

File:Evening - Port, Pantelleria, Trapani, Italy - August 20, 2016.jpg|Port

File:Reflection-pantelleria.jpg|A tourist resort near the sea

File:Pantelleria - Pantelleria, Trapani, Italy - August 17, 2016.jpg|Arid landscape during summer

• List of islands of Italy
• List of volcanoes in Italy
• Italy–Tunisia Delimitation Agreement

{{Reflist}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle=Pantelleria|volume=20|page=682}}
• {{citation |last=Head |first=Barclay |editor=Ed Snible |author2=G.F. Hill |author3=George MacDonald |author4=W. Wroth |display-authors=1 |display-editors=0 |url=http://snible.org/coins/hn/index.html |title=Historia Numorum |contribution=Islands Between Africa and Sicily |contribution-url=http://snible.org/coins/hn/zeugitana.html |pages=882–3 |date=1911 |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |ref={{harvid|Head & al.|1911}} }}.
• {{citation |last=Huss |first=Werner |title=Geschichte der Karthager |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC |publisher=C.H. Beck |location=Munich |date=1985 |isbn=9783406306549 }}. {{in lang|de}}

{{sisterlinks|Pantelleria|voy=Pantelleria}}

• [http://www.parconazionalepantelleria.it/Eindex.php parconazionalepantelleria.it]
• {{url|http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/traditional-agricultural-practice-of-cultivating-the-vite-ad-alberello-head-trained-bush-vines-of-the-community-of-pantelleria-00720|UNESCO – Traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the ‘vite ad alberello’ (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria}}

{{Portalbar|Geography|Islands|Italy}}

{{Islands of Italy in the Mediterranean}}

{{Phoenician cities and colonies}}

{{Province of Trapani}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Holocene volcanoes

Category:Inactive volcanoes

Category:Islands of Sicily

Category:Municipalities of the Province of Trapani

Category:Pleistocene calderas

Category:Calderas of Italy

Category:Volcanoes of Italy

Category:Wine regions of Italy

Category:Islands of Europe

Category:Phoenician colonies in Sicily

Category:Important Bird Areas of Italy

Category:Important Bird Areas of Mediterranean islands