Röddinge Formation
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Röddinge Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = Formation
| age = Late Sinemurian-Late Toarcian
~{{fossil range|195|175}}
| period = Pliensbachian
| prilithology = Limonite and Chamosite-cemented Quartz arenites containing abundant chamosite ooids.
| otherlithology = Berthierine, Siderite and Iron ooids.
| namedfor = Röddinge
| namedby =
| region = East Skåne County
| country = {{SWE}}
| coordinates =
| paleocoordinates =
| unitof = Vomb Trough
| subunits =
| underlies = *Mariedal Formation
| overlies = Unknown Hettangian deposits
| thickness = Up to {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| extent =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | Sweden
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | Sweden
| lat_deg = 55.58
| lon_deg = 13.83
| mark = Blue pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}
The Röddinge Formation is a geologic formation in Skåne County, southern Sweden. It is Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Toarcian) in age.{{citation |last1=Ahlberg |first1=Anders |first2=Ulf |last2=Sivhed |first3=Mikael |last3=Erlström |year=2003 |title=The Jurassic of Skåne, southern Sweden |url=https://eng.geus.dk/media/12537/nr1_p527-541.pdf |journal=Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin |volume=1 |pages=527–541 |doi=10.34194/geusb.v1.4682 |access-date=2020-07-09}} It is a unit with a limited degree of exposure, being identified mostly by its deposits on the Fyledalen Fault Zone, specially on Kurremölla, where is present the main fossil deposit.Norling, E., Ahlberg, A., Erlström, M. & Sivhed, U. 1993: Guide to the Upper Triassic and Jurassic geology of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca 82, 71 pp. It is a unit known mostly for large museum collections and estimated to have a thickness of several hundreds of meters.{{cite journal |last1=Reyment |first1=R. A. |title=On liassic ammonites from Skåne, southern Sweden |journal=Almqvist & Wiksell |date=1959 |volume=1 |issue=5 |page=105 |url=http://mmtk.ginras.ru/pdf/reyment,1959_lias_ammonites_sweden_.pdf |access-date=13 July 2021}} It is also known for its large iron deposits. It is correlated with the mostly marine Rya Formation of western Skåne County, the Volcanic deposits of the Djupadal Formation and specially the Sorthat Formation of Bornholm.{{cite journal |last1=Vajda |first1=V. |last2=Wigforss-Lange |first2=J. |title=Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas |journal=GFF |date=2009 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=5–23 |doi=10.1080/11035890902975309 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249070320 |access-date=14 January 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Michelsen |first1=O. |last2=Nielsen |first2=L. H. |last3=Johannessen |first3=P. N. |last4=Andsbjerg |first4=J. |last5=Surlyk |first5=F. |title=Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark |journal=Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin |date=2003 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=145–216 |doi=10.34194/geusb.v1.4651 |s2cid=126907584 |doi-access=free }} Most likely, the coarse-grained nature of the Röddinge Formation is linked to rapid erosion of a tectonically active hinterland.{{cite journal |last1=Grigelis |first1=A. |last2=Norling |first2=E. |title=Jurassic geology and foraminiferal faunas in the NW part of the East European Plalform: a Lithuanian-Swedish geotraverse study |journal=Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning |date=1999 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=1–108 |url=https://resource.sgu.se/dokument/publikation/ca/ca89rapport/ca89-rapport.pdf |access-date=15 January 2022}}
Lithology
A profile up to 300 m thick was described in 1968 from the Eriksdal-Kurremölla area, dated Pliensbachian-Toarcian.{{cite book |last1=Tralau |first1=Hans |title=Botanical investigations in the Fossil Flora of Eriksdal in Fyledalen, Scania |date=1968 |publisher=Sver. geol. unders |location=Stockholm |pages=185}} The Pliensbachian levels where dominated by sands and sandstones of marine origin, hosting a highly fossiliferous bed containing a rich mollusc fauna. A Sinemurian layer assigned to the formation was also found on other works.
The Röddinge formation has a great abundance of Limonite and Chamosite quartz arenites, fine-to medium-grained, with subordinate thin conglomerates. Sediments related to the unit are found consolidated by Berthierine or Siderite cement, with berthierine oolites being common on the layers. These ooids are rather small on most of the successions, around 0.3 mm in diameter and ellipsoidal in shape, having cores composed by detrital quartz or heavy minerals. The deposits of the formation evidence strong degradation by modern weathering and have a red, brown or yellow stain (iron hydroxides). The deposits not affected by erosion are known from boreholes and host greyish dark green facies due to the content of berthierine and siderite. The iron contents differ based on the weathering grade of the layers: on weathered sandstones is about 8–10%, then is in up to 20% in the oolites, and finally at the major fossiliferous deposit on Kurremölla a 1.7 m thick oolite bed has an iron content of up to 35%. Owing to this high content in iron, the Kurremölla locality was mined from 1930 to 1937, although there was not enough iron supply and enrichments were too dispersed in the source rock, which led to it not being economically viable to maintain the mining process for very long.{{cite book |last1=Hadding |first1=A. |title=Den järnmalmsförande lagerserien i sydöstra Skåne |date=1933 |publisher=Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie |location=Stockholm |pages=39}}{{cite journal |last1=Erlström |first1=M. |title=Chapter 24 Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden |journal=Geological Society, London, Memoirs |date=2020 |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=603–620 |doi=10.1144/m50-2016-25 |url=https://mem.lyellcollection.org/content/50/1/603 |access-date=14 January 2022}} The presence of mostly poor exposures has made mostly impossible to do detailed facies analysis, although it is suggested that the sediments come from prolonged reworking.
Fossils
The Röddinge formation is considered mostly a coeval developing unit with the Jurassic formations of Bornholm, as both where connected as part of the Fennoscandian mainland. The unit is considered to be part of the fluvial to deltaic system found also or Bornholm. However, as happened on the Hasle Formation, the Röddinge formation hosted a major marine ingression at least on the Lower-Middle Pliensbachian (jamesoni subzone), with both sharing the Ammonite fauna and the ecosystems.{{cite journal |last1=Barth |first1=G. |last2=Pieńkowski |first2=G. |last3=Zimmermann |first3=J. |last4=Franz |first4=M. |last5=Kuhlmann |first5=G. |title=Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Jurassic: high-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the Central European Basin |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |date=2018 |volume=469 |issue=1 |pages=341–369 |doi=10.1144/SP469.8 |bibcode=2018GSLSP.469..341B |s2cid=134043668 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322268601 |access-date=8 September 2021}} The main fossiliferous content of the formation comes from marine influence, clearly indicated by finds of ammonites and crinoids. After this event, in the Toarcian the formation developed along the Sorthat Formation, forming both part of the large deltaic system that ended on northern Germany.{{cite journal |last1=Sachs |first1=S. |last2=Hornung |first2=J. J. |last3=Lierl |first3=H. J |last4=Kear |first4=B. P. |title=Plesiosaurian fossils from Baltic glacial erratics: evidence of Early Jurassic marine amniotes from the southwestern margin of Fennoscandia |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |date=2016 |volume=434 |issue=1 |pages=149–163 |doi=10.1144/SP434.14|bibcode=2016GSLSP.434..149S |s2cid=130195351}} There is also suggestions that towards the west a lake system was developed, covering the marine basin after the local Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian regression. This lake system is evidenced on several boreholes, and was probably developed on the western lateral of the major fluvial system recorded locally and on Bornholm. Like the Sorthat Formation, this upper unit also hosts possible coal beds. Both, the lake and the fluvial system layers host iron ooids that indicate diagenetic precipitation, prior to and during sediment compaction. This is also found on the Rydebäck and Katslösa Members of the Rya Formation, and has been suggested that the volcanic activity developed on the coeval Djupadal Formation may have stimulated the process.
= Annelida =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Serpula
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Trace fossils; polychaete encrusters in rock | A sessile, marine annelid tube worm of the family Serpulidae. The holotype of this species was found on this layers, is also recovered on coeval strata of the Rya Formation. | {{cite book |last1=Moberg |first1=J.C. |title=Om Lias i sydöstra Skåne |date=1888 |publisher=Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie |location=Stockholm |pages=86}}{{cite book |last1=Troedsson |first1=Gustaf |title=On the Höganäs series of Sweden (RhaetoLias) |date=1951 |publisher=CWK Gleerup |location=Sweden |page=119 |edition=1 |url=https://paleoarchive.com/literature/Troedsson1951-HoganasSeriesSweden.pdf |access-date=19 January 2021}} | |
= Echinodermata =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Pentacrinites
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Columnals | A Crinoid, type member of the family Pentacrinitidae inside Isocrinida. A great amount of specimens are known from the layers, showing mostly of them signs of being washed by marine currents. | | |
= Bivalves =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Palaeoneilo
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine clam, incertae sedis inside Nuculanida. This species is known from Kurremölla and Kullemölla as well as on the Hasle Formation of the island of Bornholm, correlating both coeval deposits. | | |
| Rollieria
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine clam, incertae sedis inside Nuculanida. A lower jurassic genus pretty abundant on Kurremölla, more than on any other deposit on Skane. | | |
| Trigonia
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine clam, type member of the family Trigoniidae inside Trigoniida. Was first identified from Kurremölla but named from coeval specimens found on the Rya Formation. | | |
| Astarte
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine clam, type member of the family Astartidae inside Carditida. The holotype of A. angelini and A. deltoidea was identified on Kurremölla. | | |
| Tancredia
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine clam, type member of the family Tancrediidae inside Carditida. | | |
| Sphaeriola
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine clam, member of the family Lucinidae inside Lucinida. As the species name suggest, was found first on Kurremölla | | |
| Homomya
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine clam, member of the family Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida. | | |
| Grammatodon
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine clam, member of the family Parallelodontidae inside Arcida. | | |
| Tutcheria
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine clam, member of the family Carditidae inside Carditida. Mistake as Cardium sp., is the most abundant genus on the layer of the same name. | | |
| Terquemia
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine scallop, member of the family Prospondylidea inside Pterioida. | | |
| Oxytoma
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine scallop, type member of the family Oxytomidae inside Pectinida. | | |
| Entolium
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine scallop, type member of the family Entoliidae inside Pectinida. | | |
| Pseudomonotis
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine scallop, type member of the family Pseudomonotidae inside Pectinida. | | |
| Avicula
|
|
| Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian | Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings | Shells | A marine pearl oyster, member of the family Pteriidae inside Ostreida. | | |
= Gastropoda =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Turbo
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A marine Snail, type member of the family Turbinidae inside Turbinoidea. | | |
= Cephalopoda =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Uptonia
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | An ammonite, member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida. The main indicator of a coeval sea ingression. | | |
| Polymorphites
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | An ammonite, type member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida. | | |
| Pseudohastites
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Shells | A belemnite, member of the family Passaloteuthididae inside Belemnitida. | | |
= Chondrichthyes =
| class = "wikitable" |
| Genus
! Species ! Location ! Level ! Environment ! Material ! Notes ! References ! Images |
|---|
| Acrodus
|
|
| Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian | High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression | Teeth | A marine/brackish shark, type member of the family Acrodontidae inside Hybodontiformes. Indicator of marine conditions locally | | |
See also
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
- Rya Formation, Sweden
- Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
- Calcare di Sogno, Italy
- Sachrang Formation, Austria
- Saubach Formation, Austria
- Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany
- Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland
- Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia
- Lava Formation, Lithuania
{{div col end}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Mesozoic Sweden|state=expanded}}
Category:Geologic formations of Sweden
Category:Jurassic System of Europe