SAP30

Histone acetylation plays a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are catalyzed by multisubunit complexes. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the histone deacetylase complex, which includes SIN3A, SAP18, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46, RbAp48, and other polypeptides. This complex is active in deacetylating core histone octamers, but inactive in deacetylating nucleosomal histones. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3.

Mammals have one paralog of SAP30, named SAP30-like (SAP30L), which shares 70% sequence identity with SAP30.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindfors K, Viiri KM, Niittynen M, Heinonen TY, Mäki M, Kainulainen H | title = TGF-beta induces the expression of SAP30L, a novel nuclear protein | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 53 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14680513 | pmc = 319701 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-4-53 | doi-access = free }} SAP30 and SAP30L together constitute a well-conserved SAP30 protein family. Also SAP30L interacts with several components of the Sin3A corepressor complex and induces transcriptional repression via recruitment of Sin3A and histone deacetylases.{{cite journal | vauthors = Viiri KM, Korkeamäki H, Kukkonen MK, Nieminen LK, Lindfors K, Peterson P, Mäki M, Kainulainen H, Lohi O | title = SAP30L interacts with members of the Sin3A corepressor complex and targets Sin3A to the nucleolus | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = 11 | pages = 3288–98 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16820529 | pmc = 1500868 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl401 }}

Proteins of the SAP30 family (SAP30 proteins) have a functional nucleolar localization signal and they are able to target Sin3A to the nucleolus. SAP30 proteins have sequence-independent contact with DNA by their N-terminal zinc-dependent module and their acidic central region contributes to histone and nucleosome interactions. The DNA binding of SAP30 proteins is regulated by the nuclear signalling lipids, phosphoinositides (PI).{{cite journal | vauthors = Viiri KM, Jänis J, Siggers T, Heinonen TY, Valjakka J, Bulyk ML, Mäki M, Lohi O | title = DNA-binding and -bending activities of SAP30L and SAP30 are mediated by a zinc-dependent module and monophosphoinositides | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 342–56 | date = Jan 2009 | pmid = 19015240 | pmc = 2612513 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.01213-08 }} SAP30 proteins provide the first example in which the DNA and PIs seem to stand in a mutually antagonizing interrelationship in regard to their interaction with zinc finger proteins and thus exemplifies the molecular mechanism how these lipids can contribute for gene regulation.{{Cite web |url=http://acta.uta.fi/teos.php?id=11179 |title=Haku Tampereen yliopiston väitöskirjatietokannasta |access-date=2009-04-24 |archive-date=2011-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525074100/http://acta.uta.fi/teos.php?id=11179 |url-status=dead }}

SAP30 has been shown to interact with:

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• HDAC1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang NE, Lin CH, Lin YS, Yu WC | title = Modulation of YY1 activity by SAP30 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 306 | issue = 1 | pages = 267–75 | date = Jun 2003 | pmid = 12788099 | doi = 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00966-5}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Hampsey M, Reinberg D | title = SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 1 | issue = 7 | pages = 1021–31 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9651585 | doi = 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80102-1| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Bird A, Reinberg D | title = Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 13 | issue = 15 | pages = 1924–35 | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10444591 | pmc = 316920 | doi = 10.1101/gad.13.15.1924}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Swanson KA, Knoepfler PS, Huang K, Kang RS, Cowley SM, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Radhakrishnan I | title = HBP1 and Mad1 repressors bind the Sin3 corepressor PAH2 domain with opposite helical orientations | journal = Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 8 | pages = 738–46 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15235594 | doi = 10.1038/nsmb798 | s2cid = 44324333 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Yochum GS, Ayer DE | title = Pf1, a novel PHD zinc finger protein that links the TLE corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase complex | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 13 | pages = 4110–8 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11390640 | pmc = 87072 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.13.4110-4118.2001 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuzmichev A, Zhang Y, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D | title = Role of the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex in growth regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1) | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 835–48 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11784859 | pmc = 133546 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.22.3.835-848.2002}}
• Histone deacetylase 2,
• ING1 and
• Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Underhill C, Qutob MS, Yee SP, Torchia J | title = A novel nuclear receptor corepressor complex, N-CoR, contains components of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex and the corepressor KAP-1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 51 | pages = 40463–70 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11013263 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007864200 | doi-access = free }}
• RBBP4,
• RBBP7,
• SIN3A,{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleischer TC, Yun UJ, Ayer DE | title = Identification and characterization of three new components of the mSin3A corepressor complex | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 10 | pages = 3456–67 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12724404 | pmc = 164750 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.23.10.3456-3467.2003}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Laherty CD, Billin AN, Lavinsky RM, Yochum GS, Bush AC, Sun JM, Mullen TM, Davie JR, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Ayer DE, Eisenman RN | title = SAP30, a component of the mSin3 corepressor complex involved in N-CoR-mediated repression by specific transcription factors | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–42 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9702189 | doi = 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80111-2| doi-access = free }} and
• YY1.

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{{Reflist}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ayer DE, Lawrence QA, Eisenman RN | title = Mad-Max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor Sin3 | journal = Cell | volume = 80 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–76 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7889570 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90355-0 | s2cid = 8749951 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D | title = Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex | journal = Cell | volume = 89 | issue = 3 | pages = 357–64 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9150135 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80216-0 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Hampsey M, Reinberg D | title = SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 1 | issue = 7 | pages = 1021–31 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9651585 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80102-1 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Laherty CD, Billin AN, Lavinsky RM, Yochum GS, Bush AC, Sun JM, Mullen TM, Davie JR, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Ayer DE, Eisenman RN | title = SAP30, a component of the mSin3 corepressor complex involved in N-CoR-mediated repression by specific transcription factors | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–42 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9702189 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80111-2 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, LeRoy G, Seelig HP, Lane WS, Reinberg D | title = The dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen Mi2 is a component of a complex containing histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling activities | journal = Cell | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 279–89 | date = Oct 1998 | pmid = 9790534 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81758-4 | s2cid = 18786866 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL | title = Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex | journal = Nature | volume = 395 | issue = 6705 | pages = 917–21 | date = Oct 1998 | pmid = 9804427 | doi = 10.1038/27699 | bibcode = 1998Natur.395..917T | s2cid = 4355885 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hsieh JJ, Zhou S, Chen L, Young DB, Hayward SD | title = CIR, a corepressor linking the DNA binding factor CBF1 to the histone deacetylase complex | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–8 | date = Jan 1999 | pmid = 9874765 | pmc = 15086 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.1.23 | bibcode = 1999PNAS...96...23H | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Boutell JM, Thomas P, Neal JW, Weston VJ, Duce J, Harper PS, Jones AL | title = Aberrant interactions of transcriptional repressor proteins with the Huntington's disease gene product, huntingtin | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 8 | issue = 9 | pages = 1647–55 | date = Sep 1999 | pmid = 10441327 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/8.9.1647 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Bird A, Reinberg D | title = Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 13 | issue = 15 | pages = 1924–35 | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10444591 | pmc = 316920 | doi = 10.1101/gad.13.15.1924 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Krithivas A, Young DB, Liao G, Greene D, Hayward SD | title = Human herpesvirus 8 LANA interacts with proteins of the mSin3 corepressor complex and negatively regulates Epstein-Barr virus gene expression in dually infected PEL cells | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 74 | issue = 20 | pages = 9637–45 | date = Oct 2000 | pmid = 11000236 | pmc = 112396 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.74.20.9637-9645.2000 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Underhill C, Qutob MS, Yee SP, Torchia J | title = A novel nuclear receptor corepressor complex, N-CoR, contains components of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex and the corepressor KAP-1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 51 | pages = 40463–70 | date = Dec 2000 | pmid = 11013263 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007864200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Humphrey GW, Wang Y, Russanova VR, Hirai T, Qin J, Nakatani Y, Howard BH | title = Stable histone deacetylase complexes distinguished by the presence of SANT domain proteins CoREST/kiaa0071 and Mta-L1 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 9 | pages = 6817–24 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11102443 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007372200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Skowyra D, Zeremski M, Neznanov N, Li M, Choi Y, Uesugi M, Hauser CA, Gu W, Gudkov AV, Qin J | title = Differential association of products of alternative transcripts of the candidate tumor suppressor ING1 with the mSin3/HDAC1 transcriptional corepressor complex | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 12 | pages = 8734–9 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11118440 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007664200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yochum GS, Ayer DE | title = Pf1, a novel PHD zinc finger protein that links the TLE corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase complex | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 13 | pages = 4110–8 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11390640 | pmc = 87072 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.13.4110-4118.2001 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kuzmichev A, Zhang Y, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D | title = Role of the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex in growth regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1) | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 835–48 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11784859 | pmc = 133546 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.3.835-848.2002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Saito M, Ishikawa F | title = The mCpG-binding domain of human MBD3 does not bind to mCpG but interacts with NuRD/Mi2 components HDAC1 and MTA2 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 38 | pages = 35434–9 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12124384 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M203455200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Wysocka J, Myers MP, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Herr W | title = Human Sin3 deacetylase and trithorax-related Set1/Ash2 histone H3-K4 methyltransferase are tethered together selectively by the cell-proliferation factor HCF-1 | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 17 | issue = 7 | pages = 896–911 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12670868 | pmc = 196026 | doi = 10.1101/gad.252103 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Huang NE, Lin CH, Lin YS, Yu WC | title = Modulation of YY1 activity by SAP30 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 306 | issue = 1 | pages = 267–75 | date = Jun 2003 | pmid = 12788099 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00966-5 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sironi E, Cerri A, Tomasini D, Sirchia SM, Porta G, Rossella F, Grati FR, Simoni G | title = Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4q32-35 in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: evidence for the involvement of p33ING2/ING1L and SAP30 genes | journal = Journal of Cutaneous Pathology | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 318–22 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 15005689 | doi = 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.0187.x | s2cid = 2520678 }}

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