Shell plc

File:KITLV - 26871 - Kleingrothe, C.J. - Medan - Burning of natural gases at an oil drilling site, presumably at Pangkalan Brandan, East Coast of Sumatra - circa 1905.tif, North Sumatra, is considered to be the origin of the Royal Dutch Shell, c. 1905]]

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File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Afscheepsteiger Tarakan 14 TMnr 10010382.jpg (now Indonesia), c. 1925]]

The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in April 1907 through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company ({{langx|nl|Koninklijke Nederlandse Petroleum Maatschappij}}) of the Netherlands and The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Limited of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil.{{cite book|author=Fred Aftalion|title=A History of the International Chemical Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTP1MFJw8CsC&pg=PA142|year=2001|publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation|isbn=978-0-941901-29-1|page=142|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128120644/https://books.google.com/books?id=zTP1MFJw8CsC&pg=PA142|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=live}} The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra,{{sfn|Merrillees|2015|p=60}} and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding. The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company (the quotation marks were part of the legal name) was a British company, founded in 1897 by Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted, and his brother Samuel Samuel.{{Cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/dir_our_history_14112006.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011102905/http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/dir_our_history_14112006.html|url-status=dead|title=Royal Dutch Shell: History|archive-date=11 October 2008}} Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London,{{cite book|author=Mark Forsyth|title=The Etymologicon: A Circular Stroll through the Hidden Connections of the English Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KUZxTvay3PMC|year=2011|publisher=Icon Books|isbn=978-1-84831-319-4|page=140|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128120639/https://books.google.com/books?id=KUZxTvay3PMC|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=live}} which expanded in 1833 to import and sell seashells, after which the company "Shell" took its name.{{cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/the-beginnings.html|title=The beginnings|work=shell.com|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331024927/http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/the-beginnings.html|archive-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live}}{{cite book|last1=Falola|last2=Genova|first1=Toyin|first2=Ann|title=The Politics of the Global Oil Industry: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWasJHiT-kC&q=marcus+samuel+sold+shells&pg=PA30|year=2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|page=30|isbn=9780275984007|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128120639/https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWasJHiT-kC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=marcus+samuel+sold+shells&source=bl&ots=spB9T3LJjT&sig=iI8KbrjxYzslXq6Pl27xah1BcKE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DXO1U7OWIZe2yASP5oKADg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=marcus%20samuel%20sold%20shells&f=false|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=live}}{{cite book |last1=Yergin |first1=Daniel |title=The Prize, The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power |date=1991 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780671799328 |pages=63–77,86–87,114–127}}

For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. The terms of the merger gave 60 percent stock ownership of the new group to Royal Dutch, and 40 percent to Shell. Both became holding companies for Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, containing the production and refining assets, and Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company, containing the transport and storage assets.{{cite book|author=F. C. Gerretson|title=History of the Royal Dutch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IsoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA346|year=1953|publisher=Brill Archive|page=346|id=GGKEY:NNJNHTLUZKG|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128120639/https://books.google.com/books?id=IsoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA346|archive-date=28 January 2016|url-status=live}} National patriotic sensibilities would not permit a full-scale merger or takeover of either of the two companies. The Dutch company, Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij at The Hague, was in charge of production and manufacture.{{cite book|author=F. C. Gerretson|title=History of the Royal Dutch|year=1953|publisher=Brill Archive|page=346|id=GGKEY:NNJNHTLUZKG}} The British Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company was based in London, to direct the transport and storage of the products.

In 1912, Royal Dutch Shell purchased the Rothschilds' Russian oil assets in a stock deal. The Group's production portfolio then consisted of 53 percent from the East Indies, 29 percent from the Russian Empire, and 17 percent from Romania.{{cite book |last1=Yergin |first1=Daniel |title=The Prize, The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power |date=1991 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=9780671799328 |pages=133}}

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During the First World War, Shell was the main supplier of fuel to the British Expeditionary Force.{{cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/early-20th-century.html|title=The early 20th century|work=shell.com|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331032656/http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/early-20th-century.html|archive-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live}} It was also the sole supplier of aviation fuel and supplied 80 percent of the British Army's TNT. It also volunteered all of its shipping to the British Admiralty.

The German invasion of Romania in 1916 saw 17% of the group's worldwide production destroyed. In 1919, Shell took control of the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company and in 1921 formed Shell-Mex Limited, which marketed products under the "Shell" and "Eagle" brands in the United Kingdom. During the Genoa Conference of 1922 Royal Dutch Shell was in negotiations for a monopoly over Soviet oilfields in Baku and Grosny, although the leak of a draft treaty led to breakdown of the talks.{{Cite book|last=Steiner|first=Zara|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/86068902|title=The lights that failed : European international history, 1919–1933|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-151881-2|location=Oxford|oclc=86068902|access-date=9 October 2021|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006194701/https://www.worldcat.org/title/lights-that-failed-european-international-history-1919-1933/oclc/86068902|url-status=live}} In 1929, Shell Chemicals was founded. By the end of the 1920s, Shell was the world's leading oil company, producing 11 percent of the world's crude oil supply and owning 10 percent of its tanker tonnage.

During the Spanish Civil War the company sold oil to the Nationalist side of Francisco Franco.{{cite book |last1=Casanova |first1=Julián |title=The Spanish Republic and Civil War |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=233}}

File:Куда бы вы ни поехали, вы можете быть уверены в Shell.jpg]]

Located in the north bank of the River Thames in London, Shell Mex House was completed in 1931, and was the head office for Shell's marketing activity worldwide. In 1932, partly in response to the difficult economic conditions of the Great Depression, Shell-Mex merged its UK marketing operations with those of BP (British Petroleum) to create Shell-Mex & BP,Reference and contact details: GB 1566 SMBP Title:Shell-Mex and BP Archive Dates of Creation: 1900–1975 Held at: BP Archive GB 1566 SMBP a company that traded until the brands separated in 1975. Royal Dutch Company ranked 79th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) Harvard Business School p.619

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The 1930s saw Shell's Mexican assets seized by the local government. After the invasion of the Netherlands by Nazi Germany in 1940, the head office of the Dutch companies was moved to Curaçao. In 1945, Shell's Danish headquarters in Copenhagen, at the time being used by the Gestapo, was bombed by Royal Air Force De Havilland Mosquitoes in Operation Carthage.{{cite web |url= http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/shell/shell.html |title= The Bombing of the Shellhus on March 21, 1945 |website= milhist.dk |first= Klaus |last= Velschow |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023949/http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/shell/shell.html |archive-date= 10 April 2014 |url-status= dead |access-date= 21 April 2015 |df= dmy-all }}

In 1937, Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 23.75 percent owned by Royal Dutch Shell plc,{{Cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line |title=United States Office of the Historian: The 1928 Red Line Agreement |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717191817/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line |archive-date=17 July 2019 |url-status=live }} signed an oil concession agreement with the Sultan of Muscat. In 1952, IPC offered financial support to raise an armed force that would assist the Sultan in occupying the interior region of Oman, an area that geologists believed to be rich in oil. This led to the 1954 outbreak of the Jebel Akhdar War in Oman that lasted for more than 5 years.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkUhBQAAQBAJ&q=moff%20oman&pg=PT43|title=Oman's Insurgencies: The Sultanate's Struggle for Supremacy|first=J. E.|last=Peterson|date=2 January 2013|publisher=Saqi|isbn=9780863567025|access-date=29 April 2018|via=Google Books|archive-date=17 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111151/https://books.google.com/books?id=wkUhBQAAQBAJ&q=moff%20oman&pg=PT43|url-status=live}}

File:Tankstationmijnsheerenland.png filling station and garage in Mijnsheerenland, the Netherlands, late-1970s]]

Around 1952, Shell was the first company to purchase and use a computer in the Netherlands.[http://www.xs4all.nl/~onnoz/miracle/ The Ferranti Mark 1* that went to Shell labs in Amsterdam, Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412161507/http://www.xs4all.nl/~onnoz/miracle/ |date=12 April 2010 }} (Dutch only) The computer, a Ferranti Mark 1*, was assembled and used at the Shell laboratory in Amsterdam. In 1970, Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in 1994.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mining-conglomerates-analysis-idUSTRE68Q2NH20100927?pageNumber=2|title=Analysis: Cash bounty lures miners into risky empire-building|access-date=22 April 2011|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619225601/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/09/27/us-mining-conglomerates-analysis-idUSTRE68Q2NH20100927?pageNumber=2|archive-date=19 June 2013|url-status=live}}

In 1989, Shell redesigned a $3-billion natural gas platform in the North Sea, raising its height one to two meters, to accommodate an anticipated sea level rise due to global warming.{{cite news |last1=Lieberman |first1=Amy |last2=Rust |first2=Susanne |date=31 December 2015 |title=Big Oil braced for global warming while it fought regulations |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=http://graphics.latimes.com/oil-operations/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121025207/http://graphics.latimes.com/oil-operations/ |archive-date=21 January 2016}}

In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform would have been environmentally better.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/218527.stm Brent Spar's long saga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331041643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/218527.stm |date=31 March 2008 }} BBC News, 1998 Shell subsequently published an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development, supported by executive speeches reinforcing this commitment.{{cite web |last= Ek Kia |first= Tan |title= Sustainable Development in Shell |date= 19 April 2005 |url= http://www.shellchemicals.com/chemicals/pdf/speeches/sydney_speech_april_2005.pdf |access-date= 30 August 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926070114/http://www.shellchemicals.com/chemicals/pdf/speeches/sydney_speech_april_2005.pdf |archive-date= 26 September 2007 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all}} Shell was subsequently criticised by the European Commission and five European Union members after deciding to leave part of its decommissioned oil rigs standing in the North Sea. Shell argued that removing them would be too costly and risky. Germany said that the estimated 11,000 tonnes of raw oil and toxins remaining in the rigs would eventually seep into the sea, and called it a 'ticking timebomb'.{{Cite web |url =https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/sep/04/uk-facing-eu-outrage-over-timebomb-of-north-sea-oil-rigs |title= UK facing EU outrage over 'timebomb' of North Sea oil rigs |date=4 September 2019 |website=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905000116/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/sep/04/uk-facing-eu-outrage-over-timebomb-of-north-sea-oil-rigs |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019}}

On 15 January 1999, off the Argentinian town of Magdalena, Buenos Aires, the Shell tanker Estrella pampeana collided with a German cargo ship, emptying its contents into the lake, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals. Over a decade after the spill, a referendum held in Magdalena determined the acceptance of a US$9.5 million compensatory payout from Shell.{{cite web |date=18 May 2009 |title=Argentinian town agrees to damages for oil spill |url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/argentinian-town-agrees-damages-oil-spill |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917120313/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/argentinian-town-agrees-damages-oil-spill |archive-date=17 September 2009 |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=Radio Netherlands Worldwide }} Shell denied responsibility for the spill, but an Argentine court ruled in 2002 that the corporation was responsible.{{cite web |date=22 November 2002 |title=Court rules Shell must spend US$35mn on Magdalena clean-up |url=http://www.bnamericas.com/news/oilandgas/Court_rules_Shell_must_spend_US*35mn_on_Magdalena_clean-up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303105042/http://www.bnamericas.com/news/oilandgas/Court_rules_Shell_must_spend_US*35mn_on_Magdalena_clean-up |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=3 March 2014 |work=BNamericas }}

File:ShellgebouwAmsterdam.JPG, c. 2000]]

File:Shell Refueller.JPG, 2005]]

In 2002, Shell acquired Pennzoil-Quaker State through its American division for US$22 per share, or about US$1.8 billion. Through its acquisition of Pennzoil, Shell became a descendant of Standard Oil. With its acquisition, Shell inherited multiple auto part brands including Jiffy Lube, Rain-X, and Fix-a-Flat. The company was notably late in its acquisition as seen by journalists, with Shell seen as streamlining its assets around the same time of other major mergers and acquisitions in the industry, such as BP's purchase of Amoco and the merger of Exxon and Mobil.{{Cite news|title=Shell Oil To Acquire Pennzoil|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/26/business/shell-oil-to-acquire-pennzoil.html|access-date=13 October 2022|date=26 March 2002|newspaper=New York Times|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007035147/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/26/business/shell-oil-to-acquire-pennzoil.html|url-status=live}}

File:Shell Gas Station at Gaya Street Sunday Market, Kota Kinabalu 24.jpg]]

In 2004, Shell overstated its oil reserves, resulting in loss of confidence in the group, a £17 million fine by the Financial Services Authority and the departure of the chairman Philip Watts. A lawsuit resulted in the payment of $450 million to non-American shareholders in 2007.{{Cite news|title=Shell Settles With Europe on Overstated Oil Reserves|author=G. Thomas Sims|date=12 April 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/business/12shell.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102172034/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/business/12shell.html|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/may/31/royal-dutch-shell-compensation-shareholders|title=Royal Dutch Shell to compensate shareholders for reserves scandal|author=Jill Treanor|work=The Guardian|date=31 May 2009|location=London|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102174359/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/may/31/royal-dutch-shell-compensation-shareholders|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3524438.stm|title=Shell's slippery slope|author=Tim Fawcett|work=BBC News|date=18 March 2004|access-date=24 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111074859/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3524438.stm|archive-date=11 January 2009|url-status=live}}

As a result of the scandal, the corporate structure was simplified. Two classes of ordinary shares, A (code RDSA) and B (code RDSB), identical but for the tax treatment of dividends, were issued for the company.{{Cite web|url=https://www.joshuakennon.com/royal-dutch-shell-class-a-vs-class-b-shares/|title=Royal Dutch Shell Class A vs Class B Shares|first=Joshua|last=Kennon|date=9 July 2013 |access-date=19 June 2020|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621050824/https://www.joshuakennon.com/royal-dutch-shell-class-a-vs-class-b-shares/|url-status=live}}

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In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the LSE, a secondary listing on Euronext Amsterdam, its headquarters and tax residency in The Hague, Netherlands and its registered office in London. The company was already incorporated in 2002 as Forthdeal Limited, a shelf corporation incorporated by Swift Incorporations Limited and Instant Companies Limited, both based in Bristol. The unification was completed on 20 July 2005 and the original owners delisted their companies from the respective exchanges. On 20 July 2005, The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company plc was delisted from the LSE,[http://www.shell.com/home/content/investor/shareholder_information/unification_archive/st_archive/share_capital_history/ The Shell Transport & Trading Company plc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522212951/http://www.shell.com/home/content/investor/shareholder_information/unification_archive/st_archive/share_capital_history/ |date=22 May 2012 }} delisted from LSE, changing its name to The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited{{cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00054485/filing-history?page=5 |title=Directors' Report and Accounts 2005|publisher=Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited|access-date=26 March 2025}} whereas Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange on 18 November 2005.{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/rules/delist/1-03788_111805.pdf|title=N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij (English translation, Royal Dutch Petroleum Company) to Withdraw its Ordinary Shares, par value 0.56 Euro, from NYSE|access-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109153338/https://www.sec.gov/rules/delist/1-03788_111805.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2018|url-status=live}} The shares of the company were issued at a 60/40 advantage for the shareholders of Royal Dutch in line with the original ownership of the Shell Group.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4628983.stm Shell shareholders agree merger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214094846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4628983.stm |date=14 December 2007 }} BBC News, 2005

During the 2009 Iraqi oil services contracts tender, a consortium led by Shell (45%) and which included Petronas (30%) was awarded a production contract for the "Majnoon field" in the south of Iraq, which contains an estimated {{convert|12.6|Goilbbl|m3}} of oil.{{cite news|title=Iraq holds oil auction, Shell wins giant field|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-44646120091211|access-date=22 August 2012|work=Reuters|date=11 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619230728/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/12/11/idINIndia-44646120091211|archive-date=19 June 2013|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/natural_resources/article6954091.ece|title=Shell secures vital toehold in 'the new Iraq' where oil is ready to flow|access-date=22 April 2011|work=The Times|date=12 December 2009|location=London|first=Robin|last=Pagnamenta|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712060026/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/natural_resources/article6954091.ece|archive-date=12 July 2012|url-status=bot: unknown}} The "West Qurna 1 field" production contract was awarded to a consortium led by ExxonMobil (60%) and included Shell (15%).2009 Iraqi oil services contracts tender

In February 2010, Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cosan-shell-idUSTRE6101TW20100201|title=Shell bets on ethanol in $21 billion deal with Brazil's Cosan|access-date=22 April 2011|work=Reuters|date=1 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015084623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/02/01/us-cosan-shell-idUSTRE6101TW20100201|archive-date=15 October 2011|url-status=live}} In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale.{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/energy-and-clean-tech/2010/03/lpg-business-gas-shell-capital|title=Shell to fund capital spending by selling LPG assets|date=1 March 2010|access-date=11 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605055332/http://www.newstatesman.com/energy-and-clean-tech/2010/03/lpg-business-gas-shell-capital|archive-date=5 June 2011|url-status=live}} In June 2010, Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields.{{cite web |url=http://www.infogrok.com/index.php/energy-companies/shell-acquires-east-resources-tight-gas-fields.html |title=Shell Acquires East Resources' Tight Gas Fields |publisher=Infogrok.com |date=31 May 2010 |access-date=17 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227073518/http://www.infogrok.com/index.php/energy-companies/shell-acquires-east-resources-tight-gas-fields.html |archive-date=27 February 2012 }}

Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and canceled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana. A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in January 2014, prior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was 38 percent lower than in 2012—the value of Shell's shares fell by 3 percent as a result. Following the sale of the majority of its Australian assets in February 2014, the corporation plans to sell a further US$15 billion worth of assets in the period leading up to 2015, with deals announced in Australia, Brazil and Italy.{{cite news |author=James Paton |date=21 February 2014 |title=Vitol to Pay Shell A$2.9 Billion for Australian Assets |newspaper=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-20/vitol-to-pay-a-2-9-billion-for-shell-s-australian-gas-stations.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222194512/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-20/vitol-to-pay-a-2-9-billion-for-shell-s-australian-gas-stations.html |archive-date=22 February 2014}}

Shell announced on 8 April 2015 it had agreed to buy BG Group for £47 billion (US$70 billion), subject to shareholder and regulatory approval.{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-royal-dutch-shell-bg-group-20150408-story.html|title=Shell-BG tie-up could challenge market leader Exxon Mobil|work=Los Angeles Times|author=Tiffany Hsu|date=8 April 2015|access-date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408101727/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-royal-dutch-shell-bg-group-20150408-story.html|archive-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live}} The acquisition was completed in February 2016, resulting in Shell surpassing Chevron Corporation and becoming the world's second largest non-state oil company.{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-15/shell-surpasses-chevron-to-become-no-2-oil-company-chart|title=Shell Surpasses Chevron to Become No. 2 Oil Company: Chart|author=Rakteem Katakey|date=15 February 2016|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=11 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125044013/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-15/shell-surpasses-chevron-to-become-no-2-oil-company-chart|archive-date=25 November 2016|url-status=live}}

On 7 June 2016, Shell announced that it would build an ethane cracker plant near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, after spending several years doing an environmental cleanup of the proposed plant's site.[http://www.shell.com/media/news-and-media-releases/2016/shell-final-investment-decision-petrochemicals-complex-pennsylvania.html Shell takes final investment decision to build a new petrochemicals complex in Pennsylvania, US] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611103942/http://www.shell.com/media/news-and-media-releases/2016/shell-final-investment-decision-petrochemicals-complex-pennsylvania.html |date=11 June 2016 }} Royal Dutch Shell (06/07/2016)

In January 2017, Shell agreed to sell £2.46bn worth of North Sea assets to oil exploration firm Chrysaor.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38807175|title=Shell sells North Sea assets worth £2.46bn to Chrysaor|work=BBC News|date=31 January 2017|access-date=10 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222112208/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38807175|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live}} In 2017, Shell sold its oil sands assets to Canadian Natural Resources in exchange of approximately 8.8% stake in that company. In May 2017, it was reported that Shell plans to sell its shares in Canadian Natural Resources fully exiting the oil sands business.{{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-divestiture-canada-analysis-idUSKBN18L014 | title = Shell, ConocoPhillips oil sands share selloff risks flooding market | first = Nia | last = Williams | work = Reuters | date = 24 May 2017 | access-date = 10 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170607110517/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-divestiture-canada-analysis-idUSKBN18L014 | archive-date = 7 June 2017 | url-status = live }}

On 5 November 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Argentine Energy Minister Juan José Aranguren was revealed to have managed the offshore companies 'Shell Western Supply and Trading Limited' and 'Sol Antilles y Guianas Limited', both subsidiaries of Shell. One is the main bidder for the purchase of diesel oil by the government through the state owned CAMMESA (Compañía Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Eléctrico).{{cite news|title=Aranguren: su paso por una offshore de Shell a la que el Estado le compró gasoil por US$ 150 M|url=http://www.perfil.com/paradisepapers/paradise-papers-aranguren-su-paso-por-una-offshore-de-shell-a-la-que-el-estado-le-compro-gasoil-por-us-150-m.phtml|access-date=7 November 2017|work=Perfil|date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107155244/http://www.perfil.com/paradisepapers/paradise-papers-aranguren-su-paso-por-una-offshore-de-shell-a-la-que-el-estado-le-compro-gasoil-por-us-150-m.phtml|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}

On 30 April 2020, Shell announced that it would cut its dividend for the first time since the Second World War, due to the oil price collapse following the reduction in oil demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shell stated that their net income adjusted for the cost of supply dropped to US$2.9 billion in three months to 31 March. This compared with US$5.3 billion in the same period the previous year.{{Cite news|last=Raval|first=Anjli|date=30 April 2020|title=Shell cuts dividend for first time since second world war|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e9419b9-63d7-4671-9dd5-527b57434777|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501110845/https://www.ft.com/content/9e9419b9-63d7-4671-9dd5-527b57434777|url-status=live}} On 30 September 2020, the company said that it would cut up to 9,000 jobs as a result of the economic effects caused by the pandemic and announced a "broad restructuring".{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/shell-to-cut-up-to-9-000-jobs-11601457301?mod=business_lead_pos12|title=Shell to Cut Up to 9,000 Jobs|work=The Wall Street Journal|last=McFarlane|first=Sarah|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818064244/https://www.wsj.com/articles/shell-to-cut-up-to-9-000-jobs-11601457301?mod=business_lead_pos12|url-status=live}} In December 2020, Shell forecast another write-down of $3.5–4.5 billion for the fourth quarter due to lower oil prices, following $16.8 billion of impairment in the second quarter.{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-gas-stock-roundup-exxon-132201930.html|title=Oil & Gas Stock Roundup: Exxon Ups Emission Goal, Shell's Q4 Update, Flurry of M&A|date=23 December 2020|publisher=Yahoo Finance|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102191553/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-gas-stock-roundup-exxon-132201930.html|url-status=live}}

In February 2021, Shell announced a loss of $21.7 billion in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,{{Cite news|date=4 February 2021|title=Royal Dutch Shell sees huge loss as pandemic hits oil demand|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55931523|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205172519/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55931523|url-status=live}} despite reducing its operating expenses by 12%, or $4.5 billion, according to a Morningstar analysis cited by Barron's.{{Cite web|last=Good|first=Allen|date=8 February 2021|title=Shell Increases Dividend Again With Q4 Results; Attention Turns to Upcoming Strategic Update|url=https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/xnys/rds.a/quote|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Morningstar.com|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129045455/https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/xnys/rds.a/quote|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Constable|first=Simon|date=11 February 2021|title=Oil Prices Are Rebounding. Why Royal Dutch Shell Stock Is Looking Cheap.|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/oil-prices-are-rebounding-why-royal-dutch-shell-stock-looks-attractive-51613035800|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Barrons.com|language=en-US|archive-date=11 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211093653/https://www.barrons.com/articles/oil-prices-are-rebounding-why-royal-dutch-shell-stock-looks-attractive-51613035800|url-status=live}}

In November 2021, Shell announced that it is planning to relocate their headquarters to London, abandon its dual share structure, and change its name from Royal Dutch Shell plc to Shell plc.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-59288593|title=Shell plans to move headquarters to the UK|newspaper=BBC|date=15 November 2021|access-date=15 November 2021|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115090320/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-59288593|url-status=live}} The company's name change was registered in the Companies House on 21 January 2022.

In December 2021, Shell pulled out of the Cambo oil field, off the Shetland Islands, claiming that "the economic case for investment in this project is not strong enough at this time, as well as having the potential for delays". The proposed oilfield had been the subject of intense campaigning by environmentalists in the run-up to the COP26 UN climate summit in Glasgow in November 2021.{{Cite web|date=2 December 2021|title=Shell pulls out of Cambo oilfield project|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/02/shell-pulls-out-of-cambo-oilfield-project|access-date=31 January 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131174056/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/02/shell-pulls-out-of-cambo-oilfield-project|url-status=live}}

On 4 March 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in the midst of the growing boycott of Russian economy and related divestments, Shell bought a cargo of discounted Russian crude oil.{{Cite news |last=Payne |first=Julia |date=4 March 2022 |title=Shell buys cargo of Russian crude loading mid-March from Trafigura |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-buys-cargo-russian-crude-loading-mid-march-trafigura-2022-03-04/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308233842/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-buys-cargo-russian-crude-loading-mid-march-trafigura-2022-03-04/ |url-status=live }} The next day, following criticism from Ukraine's Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba, Shell defended the purchase as a short term necessity, but also announced that it intended to reduce such purchases, and it would put profits from any Russian oil it purchases into a fund that would go towards humanitarian aid to Ukraine.{{Cite news |last=Bousso |first=Ron |date=5 March 2022 |title=Shell to put profits from Russian oil trade into Ukraine aid fund |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/shell-put-profits-russian-oil-trade-into-ukraine-aid-fund-2022-03-05/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308202254/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/shell-put-profits-russian-oil-trade-into-ukraine-aid-fund-2022-03-05/ |url-status=live }} On 8 March, Shell announced that it would stop buying Russian oil and gas and close its service stations in the country.{{Cite news |date=8 March 2022 |title=Ukraine war latest: Shell to stop buying Russian oil and gas |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a29d2d7d-fb07-4976-bd76-45100df07bbf |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307235949/https://www.ft.com/content/a29d2d7d-fb07-4976-bd76-45100df07bbf |url-status=live }}

In 2022, the major oil and gas companies, including Shell,{{cite news |title=Shell makes record profits as Ukraine war shakes energy markets |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b2713bd1-afa5-4638-ab2d-be0c4e8a7ab7 |work=Financial Times |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627130650/https://www.ft.com/content/b2713bd1-afa5-4638-ab2d-be0c4e8a7ab7 |url-status=live }} reported sharp rises in interim revenues and profits.{{cite news |title=Oil giants reap record profits as war rages in Ukraine, energy prices soar: Here's how much they made |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2022/05/07/oil-company-record-profits-2022/9686761002/ |work=USA Today |date=7 May 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611082454/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2022/05/07/oil-company-record-profits-2022/9686761002/ |url-status=live }} In fact, this rise in profit for Shell was so sharp, that 2022 was the company's best year, as Shell recorded double the profits from 2021, and the highest profit in its entire history.{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64489147 | title=Shell reports highest profits in 115 years | date=2 February 2023 | publisher=BBC News | access-date=2 February 2023 | archive-date=2 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202084424/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64489147 | url-status=live }}

In November 2024, Shell won a case in the Hague court of appeal against Friends of the Earth which would have required Shell to cut its carbon emissions by 45%, in line with the Paris Climate Accords.{{Cite web |date=12 November 2024 |title=Shell wins landmark climate case against green groups in Dutch appeal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx240l9xq2yo |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}

{{Big Oil}}

The key trends of Shell are (as at the financial year ending 31 December):{{Cite web |title=Shell (ex Royal Dutch Shell) A Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Shell-ex-Royal-Dutch-Shell-A-Aktie/GB00BP6MXD84 |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}

On 4 August 2005, the board of directors announced the appointment of Jorma Ollila, chairman and CEO of Nokia at the time, to succeed Aad Jacobs as the company's non-executive chairman on 1 June 2006. Ollila is the first Shell chairman to be neither Dutch nor British. Other non-executive directors include Maarten van den Bergh, Wim Kok, Nina Henderson, Lord Kerr, Adelbert van Roxe, and Christine Morin-Postel.{{cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/directors?s=RDSA:LSE|title=Royal Dutch Shell: Directors & Officers|publisher=FT.com|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062028/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/directors?s=RDSA:LSE|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}

Since 3 January 2014, Ben van Beurden has been CEO of Shell.{{cite news|title=Royal Dutch Shell issues shock profit warning|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/royal-dutch-shell-issues-shock-profit-warning-9066193.html|access-date=24 February 2014|newspaper=The Independent|date=17 January 2014|author=Tom Bawden|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223063400/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/royal-dutch-shell-issues-shock-profit-warning-9066193.html|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=live}} His predecessor was Peter Voser who became CEO of Shell on 1 July 2009.{{Cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/media/news_and_library/press_releases/2008/peter_voser_ceo_29102008.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102063622/http://www.shell.com/home/content/media/news_and_library/press_releases/2008/peter_voser_ceo_29102008.html|url-status=dead|title=Shell press release|archive-date=2 November 2008}}

Following a career at the corporation, in locations such as Australia and Africa, Ann Pickard was appointed as the executive vice president of the Arctic at Royal Dutch Shell, a role that was publicized in an interview with McKinsey & Company in June 2014.{{cite web|author1=Rik Kirkland|title=Leading in the 21st century: An interview with Shell's Ann Pickard|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/Insights/Leading_in_the_21st_century/Leading_in_the_21st_century_An_interview_with_Shells_Ann_Pickard?cid=other-eml-alt-mip-mck-oth-1406|website=McKinsey & Company|access-date=20 June 2014|date=June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118104426/http://www.mckinsey.com/Insights/Leading_in_the_21st_century/Leading_in_the_21st_century_An_interview_with_Shells_Ann_Pickard?cid=other-eml-alt-mip-mck-oth-1406|archive-date=18 January 2015|url-status=live}}

In January 2023, Wael Sawan succeeded Ben van Beurden as CEO.{{cite news |last1=Sweney |first1=Mark |title=Shell appoints Wael Sawan to replace outgoing chief Ben van Beurden |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/sep/15/shell-appoints-wael-sawan-to-replace-outgoing-chief-ben-van-beurden |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=15 September 2022 |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915065332/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/sep/15/shell-appoints-wael-sawan-to-replace-outgoing-chief-ben-van-beurden |url-status=live }}

{{Main|List of chairmen of Shell}}

The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company.{{cite web|title=About Shell – The history of the Shell logo |work=About Shell |publisher=Shell International B.V. |date=15 June 2007 |url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/history_of_pecten/ |access-date=10 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713171251/http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/history_of_pecten/ |archive-date=13 July 2010 }}

In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel Sr., founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oil from the region and commissioned the world's first purpose-built oil tanker, the Murex (Latin for a type of snail shell), to enter this market; by 1907 the company had a fleet. Although for several decades the company had a refinery at Shell Haven on the Thames, there is no evidence of this having provided the name.{{cite web|url=http://www.shell.co.uk/media/2011-media-releases/shell-haven.html|title=Shell Haven celebrate a new jetty facility|publisher=Shell|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062015/http://www.shell.co.uk/media/2011-media-releases/shell-haven.html|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}

The Shell logo is one of the most familiar commercial symbols in the world. This logo is known as the "pecten" after the sea shell Pecten maximus (the giant scallop), on which its design is based. The yellow and red colours used are thoughtBusiness Superbrands, Editor: Marcel Knobil, Author James Curtis (2000), Superbrands Ltd. {{ISBN|978-0-9528153-4-1}}, p. 93. to relate to the colours of the flag of Spain, as Shell built early service stations in California, previously a Spanish colony. The current revision of the logo was designed by Raymond Loewy in 1971.{{cite web|url=http://www.designboom.com/portrait/loewy.html|title=raymod loewy logos|work=designboom.com|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219080558/http://www.designboom.com/portrait/loewy.html|archive-date=19 February 2015|url-status=live}}

The slash was removed from the name "Royal Dutch/Shell" in 2005, concurrent with moves to merge the two legally separate companies (Royal Dutch and Shell) to the single legal entity which exists today.{{cite web |url=http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/1980s-to-new-century.html |title=1980s to the new millennium |publisher=Shell Global |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011200615/http://www.shell.com/global/aboutshell/who-we-are/our-history/1980s-to-new-century.html |archive-date=11 October 2013 |url-status=live }}

On 15 November 2021, Royal Dutch Shell plc announced plans to change its name to Shell plc.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/shell-proposes-single-share-structure-tax-residence-uk-2021-11-15/|title=Shell ditches the Dutch, seeks move to London in overhaul|last1=Nasralla|first1=Shadia|last2=Ravikumar|first2=Sachin|work=Reuters|date=15 November 2021|access-date=16 November 2021|archive-date=16 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116010259/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/shell-proposes-single-share-structure-tax-residence-uk-2021-11-15/|url-status=live}}

File:Shell logo 1900.png|1900–04

File:Shell logo 1904.png|1904–09

File:Shell logo 1909.png|1909–30

File:Shell logo 1930.png|1930–48

File:Shell logo 1948.png|1948–55

File:Logo Shell 1973.jpg|1955–70

File:Shell_logo.svg|1971–present{{refn|Designed by Raymond Loewy.|group=n|name=loew}}

;Notes

{{reflist|group=n}}

File:Mars Tension-leg Platform.jpg operated as a joint venture between Shell and BP in the Gulf of Mexico.]]

Shell is organised into four major business groupings:{{cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/about-us/what-we-do.html|title=What we do|publisher=Shell|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507124209/http://www.shell.com/about-us/what-we-do.html|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}

• Upstream – manages the upstream business. It searches for and recovers crude oil and natural gas and operates the upstream and midstream infrastructure necessary to deliver oil and gas to the market. Its activities are organised primarily within geographic units, although there are some activities that are managed across the business or provided through support units.
• Integrated Gas and New Energies – manages to liquefy natural gas, converting gas to liquids and low-carbon opportunities.
• Downstream – manages Shell's manufacturing, distribution, and marketing activities for oil products and chemicals. Manufacturing and supply include refinery, supply, and shipping of crude oil.
• Projects and technology – manages the delivery of Shell's major projects, provides technical services and technology capability covering both upstream and downstream activities. It is also responsible for providing functional leadership across Shell in the areas of health, safety and environment, and contracting and procurement.

File:Shell Pernis refinery 2019.jpg, 2019]]

File:Shell filling station, Greece.jpg owned by Shell. Shell and local subsidiaries own and operate thousands of filling stations worldwide.]]

Shell's primary business is the management of a vertically integrated oil company. The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketing established the core competencies on which the company was founded. Similar competencies were required for natural gas, which has become one of the most important businesses in which Shell is involved, and which contributes a significant proportion of the company's profits. While the vertically integrated business model provided significant economies of scale and barriers to entry, each business now seeks to be a self-supporting unit without subsidies from other parts of the company.{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/13396061|title=Vertical integration|newspaper=The Economist|date=30 March 2009|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520062103/http://www.economist.com/node/13396061|archive-date=20 May 2017|url-status=live}}

Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central offices in The Hague. The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the "exploration and production" sector.{{cite web|url=http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/|title=Industry Overview|publisher=Petroleum Services Association of Canada|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508053546/http://www.psac.ca/business/industry-overview/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}

Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generate the majority of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its various oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales, and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen. The practice in Shell was that these businesses were essentially local and that they were best managed by local "operating companies" – often with middle and senior management reinforced by expatriates.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/facelift-for-shell-logo-in-pounds-500m-new-look-drive-petrol-giant-plans-to-update-outlets-in-100-1464484.html|title=Facelift for Shell logo in pounds 500m 'new look' drive: Petrol giant plans to update outlets in 100 countries ready for next century|date=30 August 1993|work=The Independent|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412142831/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/facelift-for-shell-logo-in-pounds-500m-new-look-drive-petrol-giant-plans-to-update-outlets-in-100-1464484.html|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}

File:MotoGP 2011 Malaysia Test 1.jpg MotoGP 2011 Malaysia Test 1]]

Shell has a long history of motorsport sponsorship, most notably Scuderia Ferrari (1951–1964, 1966–1973 and 1996–present), BRM (1962–1966 and 1968–1972), Scuderia Toro Rosso (2007–2013 and 2016), McLaren (1967–1968 and 1984–1994), Lotus (1968–1971), Ducati Corse (since 1999), Team Penske (2011–present), Hyundai Motorsport (since 2005), AF Corse, Risi Competizione, BMW Motorsport (2015–present with also Pennzoil) and Dick Johnson Racing (1987–2004 and 2017–present).{{cite news|url=http://www.motorsport.com/v8supercars/news/shell-to-become-full-time-djr-team-penske-backer-834696/|title=Shell to become full-time DJR Team Penske backer|work=Motorsport.com|date=3 October 2016|access-date=16 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116102339/http://www.motorsport.com/v8supercars/news/shell-to-become-full-time-djr-team-penske-backer-834696/|archive-date=16 November 2016|url-status=live}}

Starting in 2023, Shell became the official fuel for IndyCar Series, supplying E100 race fuel for all teams.{{cite news|url=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/05/indycar-to-use-fully-renewable-shell-fuel-in-2023/|title=IndyCar to use fully renewable Shell fuel in 2023|date=28 May 2022|newspaper=The Chequered Flag|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903111555/https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/05/indycar-to-use-fully-renewable-shell-fuel-in-2023/|url-status=live}}

In motorcycle racing, Shell and Ducati have been working together globally for a very long time. Shell has indeed been working with Ducati since 1999, through the first support in the Superbike. The support continues to win more than 150 races, including seven MotoGP world champions. Both in lubricants and fuel products which have now been established for 25 years. This long-term cooperation contract has just been extended in the Netherlands at 2024 and will continue until the end of 2027.{{cite news|url=https://www.ducati.com/gb/en/news/ducati-and-shell-renew-their-global-technical-partnership-with-a-development-focus-on-high-performance-engine-lubricants|title=Ducati and Shell renew their global technical partnership with a development focus on high-performance engine lubricants|work=ducati.com|date=4 April 2024|access-date=23 May 2024}}

File:Kulluk-aground-sitkalidak.jpg

Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the "Kulluk" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship.{{cite news |date=17 March 2006 |title=Shell initiates Beaufort Sea oil exploration |work=Offshore Magazine |publisher=Pennwell Corporation |url=http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/2006/03/shell-initiates-beaufort-sea-oil-exploration.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605084856/http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/2006/03/shell-initiates-beaufort-sea-oil-exploration.html |archive-date=5 June 2013}}{{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Alan |date=4 February 2007 |title=Shell proposes 18 wells |volume=12 |work=Petroleum News |issue=5 |url=http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/761266456.shtml |url-status=live |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022061040/http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/761266456.shtml |archive-date=22 October 2013}} At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea.{{cite web |author1=Jon Birger |date=3 January 2013 |title=What I learned aboard Shell's grounded Alaskan oil rig |url=http://fortune.com/2013/01/03/what-i-learned-aboard-shells-grounded-alaskan-oil-rig/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132911/http://fortune.com/2013/01/03/what-i-learned-aboard-shells-grounded-alaskan-oil-rig/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 June 2014 |website=Fortune Magazine}} However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits.{{cite news |last=Eaton |first=Joe |date=27 July 2012 |title=Shell Scales Back 2012 Arctic Drilling Goals |work=National Geographic |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/shell-2012-arctic-drilling-goals/ |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227171326/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/shell-2012-arctic-drilling-goals/ |archive-date=27 February 2013}}

{{cite news |last=Demer |first=Lisa |date=27 June 2012 |title=Shell drill rigs depart Seattle for Arctic waters in Alaska |newspaper=Anchorage Daily News |url=http://www.adn.com/2012/06/27/2521835/shell-drill-rigs-leave-seattle.html |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003061040/http://www.adn.com/2012/06/27/2521835/shell-drill-rigs-leave-seattle.html |archive-date=3 October 2012 }}

{{cite web |author1=Jerry Beilinson |date=1 January 2013 |title=What Shell's Kulluk Oil Rig Accident Means for Arctic Drilling |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/coal-oil-gas/kulluk-oil-rig-accident-arctic-drilling-14928526 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109212203/http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/coal-oil-gas/kulluk-oil-rig-accident-arctic-drilling-14928526 |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=20 June 2014 |website=Popular Mechanics |publisher=Hearst Communication, Inc}} The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is "too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations".{{Cite news |author=Phil Radford |date=24 May 2010 |title=[BP]resident Obama: Where Does BP Begin and Obama End? |newspaper=The Huffington Post |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-radford/bpresident-obama---where_b_587756.html |url-status=live |access-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022165125/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-radford/bpresident-obama---where_b_587756.html |archive-date=22 October 2013}}

Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel, and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment. Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid-2012 and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the "Kulluk" incident at the end of the year. Shell had invested nearly US$5 billion by this stage of the project.

As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the rig. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season".

It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid-2013, following the "Kulluk" incident, and, in February 2013, the corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast in 2013, and will instead prepare for future exploration.{{cite news |author=Mat Smith |date=27 February 2013 |title=Shell halts Arctic drill plans for 2013 |agency=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/27/us/shell-alaska/index.html?hpt=us_c2 |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017122640/http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/27/us/shell-alaska/index.html?hpt=us_c2 |archive-date=17 October 2013}} In January 2014, the corporation announced the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic, with chief executive van Beurden explaining that the project is "under review" due to both market and internal issues.{{cite news |author=Terry Macalister |date=30 January 2014 |title=Shell shelves plan to drill in Alaskan Arctic this summer |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/30/shell-shelves-alaskan-arctic-drilling-oil |url-status=live |access-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302181906/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/30/shell-shelves-alaskan-arctic-drilling-oil |archive-date=2 March 2014}}

A June 2014 interview with Pickard indicated that, following a forensic analysis of the problems encountered in 2012, Shell will continue with the project and Pickard stated that she perceives the future of the corporation activity in the Arctic region as a long-term "marathon". Pickard stated that the forensic "look back" revealed "there was an on/off switch" and further explained:

In other words, don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the legal environment to go forward. Don't spend the money unless you're sure you're going to have the permit. No, I can't tell you that I'm going to have that permit until June, but we need to plan like we're going to have that permit in June. And so probably the biggest lesson is to make sure we could smooth out the on/off switches wherever we could and take control of our own destiny.

Based upon the interview with Pickard, Shell is approaching the project as an investment that will reap energy resources with a lifespan of around 30 years.

According to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management report in 2015 the chances of a major spill in a deep-sea Arctic drilling is 75% before century's end.[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/15/seattle-kayak-activists-detained-blocking-shell-arctic-oil-rig Shell's Arctic oil rig departs Seattle as 'kayaktivists' warn of disaster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225120126/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/15/seattle-kayak-activists-detained-blocking-shell-arctic-oil-rig|date=25 February 2017}} The Guardian 15 June 2015

In 2010, Greenpeace activists painted "No Arctic Drilling" using spilled BP oil on the side of a ship in the Gulf of Mexico that was en route to explore for Arctic oil for Shell. At the protest, Phil Radford of Greenpeace called for "President Obama [to] ban all offshore oil drilling and call for an end to the use of oil in our cars by 2030".

On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska.[http://yle.fi/uutiset/activists_protest_at_shells_finnish_icebreaker_rental/5077036 Activists protest at Shell's Finnish icebreaker rental] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517043637/http://yle.fi/uutiset/activists_protest_at_shells_finnish_icebreaker_rental/5077036|date=17 May 2013}}. YLE, 16 March 2012. {{retrieved|access-date=24 October 2012}} Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat leader and the former mayor of the North Slope Borough, who expressed that he was conflicted about Shell's plans in the Arctic, as he was concerned that an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat peoples hunting-and-fishing culture, but his borough also received major tax revenue from oil and gas production; additionally, further revenue from energy activity was considered crucial to the future of the living standard in Itta's community.

In July 2012, Greenpeace activists shut down 53 Shell petrol stations in Edinburgh and London in a protest against the company's plans to drill for oil in the Arctic. Greenpeace's "Save the Arctic" campaign aims to prevent oil drilling and industrial fishing in the Arctic by declaring the uninhabited area around the North Pole a global sanctuary.{{cite news |author=Laurie Tuffrey |title=Greenpeace activists shut down 74 UK Shell petrol stations |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jul/16/greenpeace-activists-shell-petrol |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128120640/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jul/16/greenpeace-activists-shell-petrol |archive-date=28 January 2016}}

A review was announced after the Kulluk oil rig ran aground near Kodiak Island in December 2012.{{cite news |author=Dan Joling |date=8 January 2013 |title=Salazar announces Arctic offshore drilling review; Coast Guard investigates Shell grounding |newspaper=The Morning Call |agency=The Associated Press |url=http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-us--shell-arctic-drill-ship-20130108,0,4095375.story |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216103640/http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-us--shell-arctic-drill-ship-20130108,0,4095375.story |archive-date=16 February 2013 }}

In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling Americans' rights".{{cite news |author=Phil Radford and Benjamin Jealous |date=17 June 2013 |title=How Shell is trying to send a chill through activist groups across the country |agency=Grist.org |url=http://grist.org/article/how-shell-is-trying-to-send-a-chill-through-activist-groups-across-the-country/ |url-status=live |access-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006211034/http://grist.org/article/how-shell-is-trying-to-send-a-chill-through-activist-groups-across-the-country/ |archive-date=6 October 2013}} According to Greenpeace, Shell lodged a request with Google to take down video footage of a Greenpeace protest action that occurred at the Shell-sponsored Formula One (F1) Belgian Grand Prix on 25 August 2013, in which "SaveTheArctic.org" banners appear at the winners' podium ceremony. In the video, the banners rise up automatically—activists controlled their appearance with the use of four radio car antennas—revealing the website URL, alongside an image that consists of half of a polar bear's head and half of the Shell logo.{{cite news |date=27 August 2013 |title=Greenpeace protest at Shell Belgian F1 Grand Prix event – video |newspaper=The Guardian |format=Video upload |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2013/aug/27/shell-belgian-f-1-grand-prix-greenpeace-protest |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095324/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2013/aug/27/shell-belgian-f-1-grand-prix-greenpeace-protest |archive-date=7 April 2014}}

Shell then announced a "pause" in the timeline of the project in early 2013 and, in September 2015, the corporation announced the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic.{{cite news |date=28 September 2015 |title=Shell abandons Alaska Arctic drilling |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/28/shell-ceases-alaska-arctic-drilling-exploratory-well-oil-gas-disappoints |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308133506/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/28/shell-ceases-alaska-arctic-drilling-exploratory-well-oil-gas-disappoints |archive-date=8 March 2017}}

A June 2014 interview with the corporation's new executive vice president of the Arctic indicated that Shell will continue with its activity in the region.

In Seattle protests began in May 2015 in response to the news that the Port of Seattle made an agreement with Shell to berth rigs at the Port's Terminal 5 during the off-season of oil exploration in Alaskan waters. The arrival of Shell's new Arctic drilling vessel, Polar Pioneer ({{IMO Number|8754140}}), a semi-submersible offshore drilling rig, was greeted by large numbers of environmental protesters paddling kayaks in Elliott Bay.{{cite news |last1=Beekman |first1=Daniel |date=14 May 2015 |title=More protests planned after giant oil rig muscles in |work=The Seattle Times |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/protesters-launching-kayaks-to-unwelcome-oil-rig-to-seattle/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529102335/http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/protesters-launching-kayaks-to-unwelcome-oil-rig-to-seattle/ |archive-date=29 May 2015}}{{cite news |date=17 May 2015 |title='Paddle in Seattle' Arctic oil drilling protest |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-32770382 |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608055526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-32770382 |archive-date=8 June 2015}}

On 6 May 2015, it was reported that during a coast guard inspection of Polar Pioneer, a piece of anti-pollution gear failed, resulting in fines and delay of the operation.{{cite web |author=Vice |date=6 May 2015 |title=Shell Plans to Drill in the Arctic This Summer and It's Already Failed a Coast Guard Inspection |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/shell-plans-to-drill-in-the-arctic-this-summer-and-its-already-failed-a-coast-guard-inspection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517233627/https://news.vice.com/article/shell-plans-to-drill-in-the-arctic-this-summer-and-its-already-failed-a-coast-guard-inspection |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015}} Oil executives from Total and Eni interviewed by the New York Times, expressed scepticism about Shell's new ambitions for offshore drilling in the Arctic, and cited economic and environmental hurdles. ConocoPhillips and Equinor (formerly Statoil) suspended Arctic drilling earlier, after Shell's failed attempt in 2012.{{cite news |date=12 May 2015 |title=Shell's Record Adds to the Anger of Those Opposing Arctic Drilling |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/us/shells-record-adds-to-the-anger-of-those-opposing-arctic-drilling.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126031754/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/us/shells-record-adds-to-the-anger-of-those-opposing-arctic-drilling.html |archive-date=26 January 2017}}

{{main|Shell Australia}}

On 20 May 2011, Shell's final investment decision for the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility was finalized following the discovery of the remote offshore Prelude field—located off Australia's northwestern coast and estimated to contain about 3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent reserves—in 2007. FLNG technology is based on liquefied natural gas (LNG) developments that were pioneered in the mid-20th century and facilitates the exploitation of untapped natural gas reserves located in remote areas, often too small to extract any other way.{{cite web |author1=Peter Staas |date=3 June 2011 |title=Shell's Prelude FLNG Project: An Offshore Revolution? |url=http://www.investingdaily.com/13544/shells-prelude-flng-project-an-offshore-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054258/http://www.investingdaily.com/13544/shells-prelude-flng-project-an-offshore-revolution/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |website=Investing Daily |publisher=Capitol Information Group, Inc}}{{cite news |date=3 December 2013 |title=Shell's massive Prelude hull world's biggest-ever floating vessel and first ocean-based LNG plant |work=Financial Post |url=http://business.financialpost.com/2013/12/03/record-breaking-lng-ship-launched-bigger-one-planned/?__federated=1 |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810144550/http://business.financialpost.com/2013/12/03/record-breaking-lng-ship-launched-bigger-one-planned/?__federated=1 |archive-date=10 August 2014}}

The floating vessel to be used for the Prelude field, known as Prelude FLNG, is promoted as the longest floating structure in the world and will take in the equivalent of 110,000 barrels of oil per day in natural gas—at a location 200 km (125 miles) off the coast of Western Australia—and cool it into liquefied natural gas for transport and sale in Asia. The Prelude is expected to start producing LNG in 2017{{cite web |date=14 April 2016 |title=Shell's Prelude FLNG to start production in 2017? |url=https://www.lngworldnews.com/shells-prelude-flng-to-start-production-in-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412063138/https://www.lngworldnews.com/shells-prelude-flng-to-start-production-in-2017/ |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=11 April 2017 |publisher=LNG World News}}—analysts estimated the total cost of construction at more than {{USD|12 billion}}.{{cite news |author1=Ross Kelly |date=19 June 2014 |title=GDF Suez, Santos Halt Innovative LNG Plan in Australia |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/gdf-suez-retreats-from-australian-floating-lng-project-1403167709 |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805165913/http://online.wsj.com/articles/gdf-suez-retreats-from-australian-floating-lng-project-1403167709 |archive-date=5 August 2014}}

Following the decision by the Shell fuel corporation to close its Geelong Oil Refinery in Australia in April 2013, a third consecutive annual loss was recorded for Shell's Australian refining and fuel marketing assets. Revealed in June 2013, the writedown is worth A$203 million and was preceded by a A$638m writedown in 2012 and a A$407m writedown in 2011, after the closure of the Clyde Refinery in Sydney.{{cite news |author=Matt Chambers |date=4 June 2013 |title=Geelong refinery writedown hits Shell for $203m |newspaper=The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/geelong-refinery-writedown-hits-shell-for-203m/story-fn91v9q3-1226656526907?net_sub_uid=44933799 |access-date=6 June 2013}}

In February 2014, Shell sold its Australian refinery and petrol stations for US$2.6 billion (A$2.9 billion) to Swiss company Vitol.{{cite news |title=Shell and Cosan join forces for $ 12 billion ethanol venture (Ecoseed) |url=https://caelusconsulting.wordpress.com/2010/09/03/shell-and-cosan-join-forces-for-12-billion-ethanol-venture-ecoseed/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134739/https://caelusconsulting.wordpress.com/2010/09/03/shell-and-cosan-join-forces-for-12-billion-ethanol-venture-ecoseed/ |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}

At the time of the downstream sale to Vitol, Shell was expected to continue investment into Australian upstream projects, with projects that involve Chevron Corp., Woodside Petroleum and Prelude. In June 2014, Shell sold 9.5% of its 23.1% stake in Woodside Petroleum and advised that it had reached an agreement for Woodside to buy back 9.5% of its shares at a later stage. Shell became a major shareholder in Woodside after a 2001 takeover attempt was blocked by then federal Treasurer Peter Costello and the corporation has been open about its intention to sell its stake in Woodside as part of its target to shed assets. At a general body meeting, held on 1 August 2014, 72 percent of shareholders voted to approve the buy-back, short of the 75 percent vote that was required for approval. A statement from Shell read: "Royal Dutch Shell acknowledges the outcome of Woodside Petroleum Limited's shareholders' negative vote on the selective buy-back proposal. Shell is reviewing its options in relation to its remaining 13.6 percent holding".{{cite news |title=Shareholders reject Woodside plans to repurchase stake from Shell |publisher=Perth Herald |url=http://www.perthherald.com/index.php/sid/224358087/scat/9d7afd9766a94f28/ht/Shareholders-reject-Woodside-plans-to-repurchase-stake-from-Shell |url-status=dead |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810232048/http://www.perthherald.com/index.php/sid/224358087/scat/9d7afd9766a94f28/ht/Shareholders-reject-Woodside-plans-to-repurchase-stake-from-Shell |archive-date=10 August 2014}}

{{Main|Brunei Shell Petroleum}}

Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) is a joint venture between the Government of Brunei and Shell.{{Cite web |last=Gross and Walker |date=25 April 2019 |title=Shell faces pressure on gay rights over Brunei venture |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3e506390-5f8d-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920233809/https://www.ft.com/content/3e506390-5f8d-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=27 July 2019 |website=Financial Times |language=en-GB}} The British Malayan Petroleum Company (BMPC), owned by Royal Dutch Shell, first found commercial amounts of oil in 1929.{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://www.shell.com.bn/about-us/who-we-are.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727223031/https://www.shell.com.bn/about-us/who-we-are.html |archive-date=27 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2019 |website=shell.com.bn |language=en}} It currently produces 350,000 barrels of oil and gas equivalent per day.{{Cite web |title=Overview of our Business |url=http://www.bsp.com.bn/main/about-bsp/overview-of-our-business |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727223026/http://www.bsp.com.bn/main/about-bsp/overview-of-our-business |archive-date=27 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2019 |website=bsp.com.bn}} BSP is the largest oil and gas company in Brunei, a sector which contributes 90% of government revenue.{{Cite web |date=21 March 2019 |title=One of Southeast Asia's smallest countries is diversifying its economy |url=https://logisticsofthings.dhl/one-of-southeast-asias-smallest-countries-is-diversifying-its-economy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727223028/https://logisticsofthings.dhl/one-of-southeast-asias-smallest-countries-is-diversifying-its-economy/ |archive-date=27 July 2019 |access-date=27 July 2019 |website=DHL Logistics of Things |language=en}} In 1954, the BMPC in Seria had a total of 1,277 European and Asian staff.{{Cite book |last=Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO7YEBIDhlMC&q=1953+Seria+Brunei |title=Annual Report – State of Brunei |date=1954 |pages=13 |language=en |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111231/https://books.google.com/books?id=pO7YEBIDhlMC&q=1953+Seria+Brunei |url-status=live }}

The company has upstream operations in unconventional oil and gas in China. Shell has a joint venture with PetroChina at the Changbei tight gas field in Shaanxi, which has produced natural gas since 2008. The company has also invested in exploring for shale oil in Sichuan.{{cite news |date=2 March 2007 |title=Shell starts Changbei field gas production |work=Oil & Gas Journal |url=https://www.ogj.com/articles/2007/03/shell-starts-changbei-field-gas-production.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803224325/https://www.ogj.com/articles/2007/03/shell-starts-changbei-field-gas-production.html |archive-date=3 August 2018}} The other unconventional resource which Shell invested in in China was shale. The company was an early entrant in shale oil exploration in China but scaled down operations in 2014 due to difficulties with geology and population density.{{cite news |date=5 September 2014 |title=Shell trims China shale venture on Sichuan population challenges |work=World Oil |url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2014/9/5/shell-trims-china-shale-venture-on-sichuan-population-challenges |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803224121/https://www.worldoil.com/news/2014/9/5/shell-trims-china-shale-venture-on-sichuan-population-challenges |archive-date=3 August 2018}} It has a joint venture to explore for oil shale in Jilin through a joint venture with Jilin Guangzheng Mineral Development Company Limited.{{Cite press release |title=Jilin and Shell sign oil shale agreement |publisher=Shell China |url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/china-en/news_and_library/press_releases/2005/sure_jvc_0109.html |date=1 September 2005 |access-date=25 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108205502/http://www.shell.com/home/content/china-en/news_and_library/press_releases/2005/sure_jvc_0109.html |archive-date=8 January 2009}}

In May 2024, Shell announced an exit from China power market business to focus on more profitable operations.{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-exits-china-power-market-businesses-2024-05-01/|title=Shell exits China power market businesses |publisher= Reuters|date=1 May 2024|access-date=1 May 2024}}

Bloomberg reported in May 2025 that Shell considered an acquisition of fellow British oil company BP.{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-03/shell-is-said-to-study-merits-of-bp-deal-as-rival-s-stock-slumps|title=Shell Is Studying Merits of BP Deal as Rival's Stock Slumps|newspaper=Bloomberg|access-date=5 May 2025}}

Shell has been active in Hong Kong for a century, providing Retail, LPG, Commercial Fuel, Lubricants, Bitumen, Aviation, Marine and Chemicals services, and products. Shell also sponsored the first Hong Kong-built aircraft, Inspiration, for its around-the-world trip.{{cite web |date=28 July 2016 |title='Inspiration' in the skies: first Hong Kong-made plane prepares for epic world tour |url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1995509/inspiration-skies-first-hong-kong-made-plane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731115634/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1995509/inspiration-skies-first-hong-kong-made-plane |archive-date=31 July 2016 |access-date=28 July 2016}}

Shell India has inaugurated its new lubricants laboratory at its Technology Centre in Bangalore.{{cite web |title=Shell opens its first lubricants lab in India, Bangalore |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/shell-opens-its-first-lubricants-lab-in-india-43067 |access-date=21 May 2019 |publisher=Auto Car Professional |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807043031/https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/shell-opens-its-first-lubricants-lab-in-india-43067 |url-status=live }}

Shell started operating in Indonesia since 1928. Shell started operating gas stations in Indonesia since 1 November 2005. Its first gas station was located in Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang. On 1 March 2006, Shell opened a gas station in Jakarta located on Jalan S. Parman (Slipi). As of 2022, the fuels that Shell sells in Indonesia are Shell Super, Shell V-Power, Shell V-Power Nitro+, Shell V-Power Diesel and Shell Diesel Extra.{{cite web |title=Shell to build grease manufacturing plant in Indonesia |url=https://www.shell.com/business-customers/lubricants-for-business/news-and-media-releases/2024/shell-to-build-grease-manufacturing-plant-in-indonesia.html |publisher=Shell.plc|date=4 March 2024}}

Shell first started trading in Ireland in 1902.Book "Down Many a Road", the story of Shell in Ireland from 1902 to 200 – Bob Montgomery Dreolín Publications 2002 {{ISBN|1-902773-11-X}} Shell E&P Ireland (SEPIL) (previously Enterprise Energy Ireland) is an Irish exploration and production subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell. Its headquarters are on Leeson Street in Dublin. It was acquired in May 2002.{{Cite web |title=Shell in Ireland |url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/ie-en/about_shell/shell_businesses/ep/corrib/about/history/key_dates.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808064950/http://www.shell.com/home/content/ie-en/about_shell/shell_businesses/ep/corrib/about/history/key_dates.html |archive-date=8 August 2009}} Its main project is the Corrib gas project, a large gas field off the northwest coast, for which Shell has encountered controversy and protests in relation to the onshore pipeline and licence terms.{{Cite web |title=Corrib |url=http://subseaiq.com/data/Project.aspx?project_id=327 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716161451/http://subseaiq.com/(S(fb3fxnyuiy0jer550dq5o455))/data/Project.aspx?project_id=327 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=9 August 2010 |work=SubseaIQ |publisher=Bishop Interactive}}

In 2005, Shell disposed of its entire retail and commercial fuels business in Ireland to Topaz Energy Group. This included depots, company-owned petrol stations and supply agreements stations throughout the island of Ireland.{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.ie/archive/article/2005/dec/25/making-a-big-deal-the-movers-and-shakers-in-irish-/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530054949/http://www.tribune.ie/archive/article/2005/dec/25/making-a-big-deal-the-movers-and-shakers-in-irish-/|url-status=dead|title=Making a big deal: the movers and shakers in Irish business|archivedate=30 May 2011}} The retail outlets were re-branded as Topaz in 2008/9.{{cite web |last=Hennessy |first=Niamh |date=20 February 2008 |title=Topaz spending €50m re-branding Shell and Statoil stations nationwide |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2008/02/20/story55653.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709033421/http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2008/02/20/story55653.asp |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=17 May 2012 |publisher=Archives.tcm.ie}}

The Topaz fuel network was subsequently acquired in 2015 by Couchetard{{cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/couche-tard-acquires-topaz-irelands-largest-convenience-and-fuel-retailer-559940151.html |title=Couche-Tard acquires Topaz, Ireland's largest convenience and fuel retailer |website=PR Newswire |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513081503/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/couche-tard-acquires-topaz-irelands-largest-convenience-and-fuel-retailer-559940151.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=live}} and these stations began re-branding to Circle K in 2018.{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Mark |title=Circle K to pump €55m into Topaz rebrand and new forecourts |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/circle-k-to-pump-55m-into-topaz-rebrand-and-new-forecourts-1.3460053 |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025643/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/circle-k-to-pump-55m-into-topaz-rebrand-and-new-forecourts-1.3460053 |url-status=live }}

File:Piazza san jacopino, edificio 05.JPG)]]

Shell's activities in Italy began on 13 July 1912, with the creation of "Nafta","Nafta-Società Italiana pel Petrolio ed Affini" based in La Spezia, founded after taking advantage of the weakness of the former Standard Oil Trust, dissolved the previous year.{{cite book |date=1992 |publisher=IP |title=Italiana Petroli. 80 anni di attività 1912–1992}}

During the First World War, Nafta abandoned the private sector, focusing on the war supplies to the Italian state. During the conflict, the company expanded, with the opening of new plants in Naples and Augusta and, after the end of hostilities, with the exploitation of further internal deposits.{{cite book |date=June 1922 |title=Nafta-Società Italaia pel Petrolio e Affini; volumetto conservato presso il Museo Fisogni}}

In the first post-war period, the company controlled the Italian internal market together with the SIAP, the local branch of the Standard of New Jersey (Esso). In 1921, under pressure from the CEO Giovanni Attilio Pozzo (then also elected president in 1923), the share capital was increased reaching 100 million lire. The products sold at the time included "Bentero Shell" and "Aureola Petroli".

In 1922, despite the difficult economic situation of the country, the company grew, and the new Vado Ligure plant was inaugurated. The inauguration, however, caused a short political clash between the Prime Minister Facta and the socialist deputy Tonello, who in a parliamentary question harshly criticized the official telegram sent by Facta to "Nafta" on the occasion of the ceremony. In the same year, the works for a coastal system in Venice also continued.

The birth of Agip created some disagreements between Nafta and the Ministry of the National Economy, which in 1926 asked the Prefects to subordinate the release of new concessions for the plant of petrol stations to an approval estimate of Agip; the question was resolved peacefully in 1927 on the initiative of the Italian company itself.

At the end of the decade, taking advantage of a particularly advantageous legislation, the company launched into the refining sector, with the establishment of subsidiary companies in La Spezia.

On 27 April 1939, Pozzo left "Nafta", after twenty years at the head of the company. The company controlled about 20% of the Italian market at the time.

On 8 August 1940, following Italy's entry into the Second World War, Nafta was seized and placed under the management of Agip, followed the following year by the US companies operating in Italy (SIAP, Vacuum, Texaco). On 30 July 1942 foreign oil companies were officially transferred to Agip, although the integration of their activities was somewhat complex and remained substantially unfinished. On 22 October 1945, after the end of hostilities, the measures were abandoned and the NAFTA and the other companies, under the guidance of the Italian Petroli Committee, returned to normal activity.

In 1949 the company, now fully restored, was renamed "Shell Italiana S.p.A". with a share capital of more than 2 billion lira. Still in the early 1960s, Shell covered about 20% of the Italian oil needs.

The Italian Shell was the first company to be advertised with Carosello.{{cite web |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=it |title=Puntata di domenica 3 febbraio 1957 – Il mito di Carosello |url=https://carosello.tv/puntata/03-02-1957/}}{{cite web |access-date=6 November 2020 |title=Shell - per guidare meglio - guida a destra o guida a sinistra - YouTube |website=YouTube |date=17 April 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjDXBZidd8U}}

In 1959 the company purchased the former Condor refinery of Rho and in 1967 it built a large plant in Taranto, whose works began in 1964 with an initial investment of 25 billion lire.{{cite journal |date=16 April 1964 |journal=Rassegna Petrolifera |number=787 |title=Nuova raffineria Shell in costruzione a Taranto |volume=rivista conservata presso il Museo Fisogni}}

Shell remained active in the country until April 1974 when, following difficulties in the oil sector caused by the Kippur War and the general conditions of the Italian economy, now not very favorable, the old company was sold to Eni, which became Italiana Petroli (IP). The company then returned to the fuel distribution in 1980,{{cite journal |author=Giorgio Carlevaro |date=2021 |journal=Muoversi |number=2 |title=Cosa è rimasto dopo il "viavai" dei marchi sulla rete carburanti}} with the acquisition of the Conoco network,{{cite news |date=6 June 1980 |periodical=Stampa Sera |title=La Shell torna in Italia}} while in 1987 the joint venture with Montedison which led to the creation of MonteShell.{{cite journal |date=19 September 1987 |journal=La Stampa |title=È nata la Monteshell}}

In July 2014 Shell gave its network of service stations and fuel deposits in Italy to the Kuwait Petroleum Italia (Q8).{{cite web |access-date=31 December 2020 |date=20 February 2014 |language=it |title=Addio agli 830 distributori Shell in Italia: diventeranno tutti Q8 |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-02-20/addio-830-distributori-shell-italia-diventeranno-tutti-q8-183834.shtml?uuid=ABnILwx |website=Il Sole 24 ORE}}

In 2022 an agreement was announced with the Pad Multiegy company, for the brand to be restored and Shell products to be sold in over 500 Italian service stations,{{cite web |access-date=2022-02-12 |language=it-IT |title=Shell torna sul mercato della mobilità in Italia grazie all'accordo con PAD Multienergy |url=https://www.areadiservizio.eu/2022/02/11/shell-torna-sul-mercato-della-mobilita-in-italia-grazie-allaccordo-con-pad-multienergy/ |website=Area di Servizio {{!}} Carburanti Autolavaggi Detailing|date=11 February 2022 }} the first of which was inaugurated in March 2022.{{cite web |access-date=2022-04-06 |language=it |title=Shell, al via il primo punto vendita in Italia {{!}} Staffetta Quotidiana |url=https://www.staffettaonline.com/articolo.aspx?id=363475 |website=staffettaonline.com|date=21 March 2022 }}

In Italy today Shell operates through Shell Italia S.p.A. controlled by Shell Italia Finanza S.p.A. The main locations are in Sesto San Giovanni and Rome.{{cite web |access-date=21 April 2020 |title=Shell Italia |url=https://www.shell.it/}}

File:Sandakan Sabah Shell-Station-Labuk Road-01.jpg filling station in Sabah, Malaysia]]

Shell discovered the first oil well in Borneo in 1910, in Miri, Sarawak. Today, the oil well is a state monument known as the Grand Old Lady. In 1914, following this discovery, Shell built Borneo's first oil refinery and laid a submarine pipeline in Miri.{{cite web |title='Inspiration' in the skies: first Hong Kong-made plane prepares for epic world tour |url=http://www.shell.com.my/aboutshell/who-we-are/history/malaysia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327090549/http://www.shell.com.my/aboutshell/who-we-are/history/malaysia.html |archive-date=27 March 2016 |access-date=28 July 2016}}26 July 2016, Reuters.

{{Main|Shell Nigeria}}

Shell began production in Nigeria in 1958.{{cite web|title=Post-war expansion|url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/post_war_expansion/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203143853/http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/post_war_expansion/|archive-date=3 December 2010|access-date=9 December 2010|publisher=Shell}} In Nigeria, Shell told US diplomats that it had placed staff in all the main ministries of the government.{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/08/wikileaks-cables-shell-nigeria-spying |title=WikiLeaks cables: Shell's grip on Nigerian state revealed |first=David |last=Smith |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 December 2010 |access-date=9 December 2010 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911070039/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/08/wikileaks-cables-shell-nigeria-spying |archive-date=11 September 2013 |url-status=live }} Shell continues however upstream activities/extracting crude oil in the oil-rich Niger Delta as well as downstream/commercial activities in South Africa. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested.{{Cite web|title=Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd sets out its future intent for Nigeria|url=https://www.euro-petrole.com/shell-petroleum-development-company-of-nigeria-ltd-sets-out-its-future-intent-for-nigeria-n-i-7880|access-date=24 September 2021|website=www.euro-petrole.com|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924163135/https://www.euro-petrole.com/shell-petroleum-development-company-of-nigeria-ltd-sets-out-its-future-intent-for-nigeria-n-i-7880|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|date=10 October 2013|title=Shell Nigeria selling 4 delta oil blocks – sources|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKL6N0I02KM20131010|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924161626/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKL6N0I02KM20131010|url-status=live}} In August 2014, the company disclosed it was in the process of finalizing the sale of its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.{{cite news|title=Stakes in four Nigerian oil fields being sold by Shell|url=http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307|date=27 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|publisher=Nigeria Sun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831130922/http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}} On 29 January 2021 a Dutch court ruled that Shell was responsible for multiple oil leaks in Nigeria.{{Cite news|last=Meijer|first=Bart H.|date=29 January 2021|title=Environmentalists, farmers win Dutch court case over Shell Nigeria spills|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-nigeria-court-idUSKBN29Y1D2|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=8 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408020027/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-nigeria-court-idUSKBN29Y1D2|url-status=live}}

The actions of companies like Shell has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes.Shell International Petroleum Company, Developments in Nigeria (London: March 1995) The heavy contamination of the air, ground and water with toxic pollutants by the oil industry in the Niger Delta is often used as an example of ecocide.{{Cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title='Ecocide' movement pushes for a new international crime: Environmental destruction |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ecocide-movement-pushes-new-international-crime-environmental-destruction-n1263142 |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Fighting ecocide in Nigeria |url=https://theecologist.org/2014/feb/05/fighting-ecocide-nigeria |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=theecologist.org |date=5 February 2014 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Ogoni: An Ecocide in the Making? |url=https://unpo.org/article/19131 |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}{{Cite news |date=22 August 2011 |title=How an ecocide law could prevent another Nigerian oil disaster |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/aug/22/ecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster |access-date=6 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}} This has led to mass protests from the Niger Delta inhabitants, Amnesty International, and Friends of the Earth the Netherlands against Shell. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental and human rights groups.{{cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Niger Delta: Shell's manifestly false claims about oil pollution exposed, again |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/shell-false-claims-about-oil-pollution-exposed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107212639/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/shell-false-claims-about-oil-pollution-exposed/ |archive-date=7 January 2016 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=Amnesty International}} In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.{{Citation |title=Shell Nigeria case: Court acquits firm on most charges |date=30 January 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21258653 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113643/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21258653 |location=United Kingdom |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |url-status=live}}

On 27 August 2007, Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country.{{Cite press release |title=7-Eleven and Shell join forces at 269 petrol stations |publisher=Shell International B.V. |date=27 August 2007 |url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/media-en/news_and_library/press_releases/2007/shell_scandinavia_08271054.html |access-date=30 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829142427/http://www.shell.com/home/content/media-en/news_and_library/press_releases/2007/shell_scandinavia_08271054.html |archive-date=29 August 2007}} In April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations.{{Cite press release |title=Shell reviewing portfolio of LPG businesses |publisher=Shell International B.V. |date=6 May 2010 |url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/investor/news_and_library/press_releases/2010/shell_reviewing_portfolio_lpg_businesses_06052010.html |access-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517091006/http://www.shell.com/home/content/investor/news_and_library/press_releases/2010/shell_reviewing_portfolio_lpg_businesses_06052010.html |archive-date=17 May 2010}}{{Cite press release |title=Shell Etsii mahdollista ostajaa Suomen toiminnoilleen |publisher=Shell Finland |date=6 April 2010 |url=http://www.shell.fi/home/content/fin/aboutshell/media_centre/news_and_media_releases/2010/tiedote060410.html |access-date=19 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}} In October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy.{{Cite press release |title=Keele buys Shell's Finnish and Swedish businesses |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=27 October 2010 |url=http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/domestic-news/business/13000-keele-buys-shells-finnish-and-swedish-businesses-.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801073614/http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/domestic-news/business/13000-keele-buys-shells-finnish-and-swedish-businesses-.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2012 |access-date=20 December 2011}} Shell gas stations in Norway were taken over by St1 in 2015, but continued operating under the Shell brand until 2025.{{cite press release|title=Etter over 100 år skrus skiltene ned: Shells beninstasjoner forsvinner|publisher=E24|date=2 April 2025|url=https://e24.no/naeringsliv/i/8qKyKW/etter-over-100-aar-skrus-skiltene-ned-shells-beninstasjoner-forsvinner|access-date=3 April 2025}}

{{Main|Shell USA|Shell Canada}}

File:Shell gas sign.JPG]]

Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell US business in the United States was substantially independent. Its stock was traded on the NYSE, and the group's central office had little direct involvement in running the operation. However, in 1984, Shell made a bid to purchase those shares of Shell Oil Company it did not own (around 30%) and, despite opposition from some minority shareholders which led to a court case, Shell completed the buyout for a sum of $5.7 billion.{{cite news |author=Thomas C. Hayes |date=13 December 1990 |title=Shell Oil Shareholders Awarded $110 Million |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/13/business/shell-oil-shareholders-awarded-110-million.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514143011/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/13/business/shell-oil-shareholders-awarded-110-million.html |archive-date=14 May 2013}}

File:ShellPhiljf539.JPG, Philippines)]]

Royal Dutch Shell operates in the Philippines under its subsidiary, Shell Pilipinas Corporation or SPC. Its headquarters is in Taguig and it has facilities in the Pandacan oil depot and other key locations.{{cite web |url=http://www.shell.com.ph/ |title=Shell Pilipinas Corporation |publisher=Shell.com.ph |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505062236/http://www.shell.com.ph/ |archive-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=live }}

In January 2010, the Bureau of Customs claimed 7.34 billion pesos worth of unpaid excise taxes against Pilipinas Shell for importing Catalytic cracked gasoline (CCG) and light catalytic cracked gasoline (LCCG) stating that those imports are bound for tariff charges.{{cite web |url=http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=201001190403dowjonesdjonline000128&title=pilipinas-shell-warns-refinery-may-shutdown-over-tax-dispute |title=Nasdaq.com |publisher=Nasdaq.com |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611010554/http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=201001190403dowjonesdjonline000128&title=pilipinas-shell-warns-refinery-may-shutdown-over-tax-dispute |archive-date=11 June 2011 |url-status=live }}

In August 2016, Pilipinas Shell filed an application to sell US$629 million worth of primary and secondary shares to the investing public (registration statement) with the SEC. This was a prelude to filing its IPO listing application with the Philippine Stock Exchange. On 3 November 2016 the Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation was officially listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol SHLPH after they held its initial public offering on 19 to 25 October of the same year.{{cite news | url= http://business.inquirer.net/215746/pse-oks-pilipinas-shells-p29-7b-ipo | title= Report: PSE oks Pilipinas Shell's P30B IPO | newspaper= Upstream Online | publisher= Philippine Daily Inquirer | date= 29 September 2016 | access-date= 29 September 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160930164654/http://business.inquirer.net/215746/pse-oks-pilipinas-shells-p29-7b-ipo | archive-date= 30 September 2016 | url-status= live }}

Due to the economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the global, regional and local economies, continually low refining margins, and competition with imported refined products, the management of Pilipinas Shell announced in August 2020 that the 110,000 bbl/d refinery in Tabangao, Batangas, which started operations in 1962, will be shutting down permanently and turned into an import terminal instead.{{Cite web|url=https://business.inquirer.net/305173/shell-permanently-shutting-down-batangas-refinery|title=Shell permanently shuts down Batangas refinery|first=Ronnel W.|last=Domingo|date=13 August 2020|website=INQUIRER.net|access-date=28 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170755/https://business.inquirer.net/305173/shell-permanently-shutting-down-batangas-refinery|url-status=live}}

In February 2022, Shell exited all its joint ventures with Gazprom because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Shell выходит из совместных предприятий с Газпромом |url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/825293 |publisher=Интерфакс |language=ru |access-date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301082247/https://www.interfax.ru/business/825293 |url-status=live }} and, in March 2022, Shell announced that it would stop buying oil from Russia and close all its service stations there.{{cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Shell sorry and pledges to stop buying Russian oil |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60661611 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=BBC News |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308110449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60661611 |url-status=live }} In April 2022, it emerged that Shell was to book up to $5 billion in impairment charges from exiting its interests in Russia.{{Cite news |last=Godsen |first=Emily |title=Shell writes down up to $5bn from Russia exit |date=7 April 2022 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/article/shell-writes-down-up-to-5bn-from-russia-exit-mqcmtmtgk |via=www.thetimes.co.uk |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407152210/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shell-writes-down-up-to-5bn-from-russia-exit-mqcmtmtgk |url-status=live }}

Singapore is the main centre for Shell's petrochemical operations in the Asia Pacific region. Shell Eastern Petroleum limited (SEPL) have their refinery located in Singapore's Pulau Bukom island. They also operate as Shell Chemicals Seraya in Jurong Island.{{cite web|url=http://www.chemicals-technology.com/projects/shell/shell2.html|title=Shell Eastern Petroleum Ltd (SEPL), Singapore|publisher=ChemicalsTechnology|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061619/http://www.chemicals-technology.com/projects/shell/shell2.html|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}} In November 2020, Shell announced that, as part of efforts to curtail pollution emissions, it will cut its oil-processing capacity in Singapore.{{Cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Shell to Cut About 500 Singapore Refinery Jobs|work=BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/shell-to-cut-about-500-singapore-refinery-jobs-1.1520202|access-date=10 November 2020|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117160623/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/shell-to-cut-about-500-singapore-refinery-jobs-1.1520202|url-status=live}}

File:Shell Gas Station in Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg, Cape Town]]

Shell Downstream SA (SDSA) was created through a merger of Shell South Africa and BBBEE company Thebe Investment Corporation. The South African Department of Mineral Resources and Energy granted Shell exploration rights in the country, and it has been operating in South Africa since 1902.{{cite web|url= https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/771037/what-will-happen-to-shell-petrol-stations-in-south-africa/ |title= What will happen to Shell petrol stations in South Africa |author= Staff Writer |publisher= BusinessTech |date= |access-date= 29 April 2025 }}

Shell has 591 retail outlets in South Africa - one of the company's largest markets. This makes it the third-largest gas retailer in South Africa, after Engen and Astron Energy. It also operates explorative and extractive activities in the Karoo and off the Wild Coast. The company also owns an oil refinery in Durban, which has been closed since the end of March 2022. On 6 May 2024, Shell indicated its intent to exit the South African downstream market. This includes its refining, transport, and retail offerings. It is as yet unknown what will happen to its gas stations.{{cite web|url= https://businesstech.co.za/news/energy/773706/shell-kisses-south-african-service-stations-and-refinery-goodbye/ |title= Shell kisses South African service stations and refinery goodbye |author= Staff Writer |publisher= BusinessTech |date= 27 May 2024 |access-date= 29 April 2025 }}

Prior to the 1960s, Shell was one of the major multinational corporations operating in Sri Lanka, alongside companies like Esso and Caltex. These companies played pivotal roles in importing, distributing, and retailing petroleum products across the country. However, in 1962, under the leadership of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the Sri Lankan government nationalized the assets of these oil giants. This move aimed to reduce foreign dominance in key economic sectors and led to the establishment of the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC), granting it exclusive rights over the importation, sale, export, and distribution of most petroleum products in Sri Lanka.{{Cite journal |last=Amerasinghe |first=Chittharanjan |date=1964 |title=The Ceylon Oil Expropriations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/ceylon-oil-expropriations/36A1188266D002CFBC109CA9FB0BA412 |journal=American Journal of International Law |language=en |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=445–450 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000759859 |issn=0002-9300|url-access=subscription }}

After a period of reduced presence, Shell re-entered the Sri Lankan market in the mid-1990s. In 1996, Shell acquired a 51% stake in the Colombo Gas Company for $37 million, marking its significant return to the country's energy sector. This acquisition led to the establishment of Shell Gas Lanka Limited, which managed the importation, storage, and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Sri Lanka.{{Cite web |last=Reuters |date=November 3, 2010 |title=Sri Lanka buys back gas business from Shell for $63 mln |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/energy/sri-lanka-buys-back-gas-business-from-shell-for-63-mln-idUSSGE6A20DK/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Reuters}}

In recent years, Shell has signaled its intent to re-establish a presence in Sri Lanka's fuel retailing market. In collaboration with RM Parks and Tristar, Shell announced plans to introduce Shell-branded fuel stations in the country, marking a significant return to the Sri Lankan energy landscape. On 26 February 2025, Shell marked its return to Sri Lanka's fuel retail market by inaugurating its first Shell-branded fuel station in over six decades. This station is located at the B.S. Cooray Filling Station in Ambathale, Colombo District.{{Cite web |last=First |first=News |title=Shell Returns: First Fuel Station in Over Six Decades Opens in Sri Lanka |url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2025/02/26/shell-returns-first-fuel-station-in-over-six-decades-opens-in-sri-lanka?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=english.newsfirst.lk |language=en}}

In the UK sector of the North Sea Shell employs around 4,500 staff in Scotland as well as an additional 1,000 service contractors: however in August 2014 it announced it was laying off 250 of them, mainly in Aberdeen.{{cite news|title=Reorganisation of North Sea operation to see Shell slash 250 jobs|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/shell-cut-250-onshore-jobs-091711459.html|access-date=8 August 2014|work=Yahoo Finance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714044647/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/shell-cut-250-onshore-jobs-091711459.html|archive-date=14 July 2015|url-status=live}} Shell paid no UK taxes on its North Sea operations over the period 2018 to 2021.{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=5 April 2022 |title=Shell reveals another tax-free year in UK North Sea |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/38068628-f1a7-4219-abca-ef421de4d237 |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405205056/https://www.ft.com/content/38068628-f1a7-4219-abca-ef421de4d237 |url-status=live }}

File:Panaga 25072021 (3).jpg, 2021]]

In the early 2000s Shell moved into alternative energy and there is now an embryonic "Renewables" business that has made investments in solar power, wind power, hydrogen, and forestry. The forestry business went the way of nuclear, coal, metals and electricity generation, and was disposed of in 2003. In 2006 Shell paid SolarWorld to take over its entire solar business{{cite web |title= SolarWorld Acquires Shell's Solar Business |publisher=RenewableEnergyWorld.com | date = 2 February 2006 |url= http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=42840 |access-date =18 August 2008}} and in 2008, the company withdrew from the London Array which when built was the world's largest offshore wind farm.[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2a5b99c-16ea-11dd-bbfc-0000779fd2ac.html Shell pulls out of key wind power project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501191942/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2a5b99c-16ea-11dd-bbfc-0000779fd2ac.html |date=1 May 2008 }}, Financial Times, 1 May 2008

Shell also is involved in large-scale hydrogen projects. HydrogenForecast.com describes Shell's approach thus far as consisting of "baby steps", but with an underlying message of "extreme optimism".{{cite web |last= Stanley |first= Dean |title= Shell Takes Flexible Approach to Fueling the Future | work = Executive View |publisher= Corland Publishing |url= http://www.hydrogenforecast.com/ArticleDetails.php?articleID=250 |access-date= 30 August 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070820202251/http://hydrogenforecast.com/ArticleDetails.php?articleID=250 |archive-date= 20 August 2007 |url-status=dead |df= dmy-all}}

In 2015, the company announced plans to install hydrogen fuel pumps across Germany, planning on having 400 locations in operation by 2023.{{Cite web|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2015/10/14/germany-to-install-network-of-hydrogen-cars-fuelling-pumps/|title=Shell to install hydrogen fuel pumps in Germany|date=14 October 2015|website=Energy Live News|language=en-US|access-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513221938/https://www.energylivenews.com/2015/10/14/germany-to-install-network-of-hydrogen-cars-fuelling-pumps/|archive-date=13 May 2019|url-status=live}}

Shell holds 44% of Raízen, a joint venture with Brazilian sugarcane producer Cosan which is the third-largest Brazil-based energy company by revenues and a major producer of ethanol.{{cite web|url=http://ecoseed.org/en/business/renewable-energy/article/95-renewable-energy/7903-shell-and-cosan-join-forces-for-$-12-billion-ethanol-venture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908222405/http://ecoseed.org/en/business/renewable-energy/article/95-renewable-energy/7903-shell-and-cosan-join-forces-for-$-12-billion-ethanol-venture|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 September 2010|title=Shell and Cosan join forces for $ 12 billion ethanol venture – Renewable Energy – GREEN NEWS – ECOSEED Global Green News Portal|date=8 September 2010|access-date=13 May 2019}} In 2015, the company partnered with Brazilian start-up company Insolar to install solar panels in Rio de Janeiro to deliver electricity to the Santa Marta neighbourhood.{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/12/151218-sponsor-content-shell-and-brazilian-startup-light-up-santa-marta-community/|title=Shell and Brazilian Start-Up Light Up Santa Marta Community|date=18 December 2015|website=National Geographic News|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506223020/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/12/151218-sponsor-content-shell-and-brazilian-startup-light-up-santa-marta-community/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=dead}}

Shell is the operator and major shareholder of The Shell Canada Quest Energy project, based within the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, located near Fort McMurray, Alberta.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/funding/cef/18168|title=Shell Canada Energy Quest Project|last=Canada|first=Natural Resources|date=23 February 2016|website=nrcan.gc.ca|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425182004/https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/funding/cef/18168|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=live}} It holds a 60% share, alongside Chevron Canada Limited, which holds 20%, and Marathon Canadian Oil Sands Holding Limited, which holds the final 20%.{{Cite web|url=http://publications.gc.ca/site/archivee-archived.html?url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/rncan-nrcan/m159/M159-11-2013-eng.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727213944/http://publications.gc.ca/site/archivee-archived.html?url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/rncan-nrcan/m159/M159-11-2013-eng.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 July 2020|title=Information archivée dans le Web|last=Government of Canada|first=Public Services and Procurement Canada|website=publications.gc.ca|access-date=25 April 2019}} Commercial operations launched in November 2015. It was the world's first commercial-scale oil and sand carbon capture storage (CCS) project. It is expected to reduce CO₂ emissions in Canada by 1.08 million tonnes per year.{{Cite web|url=https://www.alberta.ca/carbon-capture-and-storage.aspx|title=Carbon capture and storage|website=alberta.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429180625/https://www.alberta.ca/carbon-capture-and-storage.aspx|archive-date=29 April 2019|url-status=live}}

In December 2016, Shell won the auction for the 700 MW Borssele III & IV offshore wind farms at a price of 5.45 c/kWh, beating 6 other consortia.{{cite web |url= http://www.offshorewind.biz/2016/12/12/oil-gas-giant-to-build-dutch-borssele-iii-iv-offshore-wind-farms/ |title= Oil & Gas Giant to Build Dutch Borssele III & IV Offshore Wind Farms |work=Offshore Wind |date=12 December 2016 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161215174611/http://www.offshorewind.biz/2016/12/12/oil-gas-giant-to-build-dutch-borssele-iii-iv-offshore-wind-farms/ |archive-date=15 December 2016 |url-status=live}} In June 2018, it was announced that the company and its co-investor Partners Group had secured $1.5bn for the project, which also involves Eneco, Van Oord, and Mitsubishi/DGE.{{Cite news |url= https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-windfarm-borssele-idUKKBN1JO2DZ |title=Shell-Partners consortium ready to build Dutch offshore wind farm |date=28 June 2018 |work=Reuters |access-date=13 May 2019 |language=en |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513221942/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-windfarm-borssele-idUKKBN1JO2DZ |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}

File:Shell Recharge Waitrose car park rapid speed EVSEs Cirencester (March 2023).jpg

In October 2017, it bought Europe's biggest vehicle charging network, "NewMotion".{{Cite news |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-newmotion-m-a-shell-idUKKBN1CH1R5 |title=Shell buys NewMotion charging network in first electric vehicle deal |date=12 October 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=29 January 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129142523/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-newmotion-m-a-shell-idUKKBN1CH1R5 |url-status=dead }}

In November 2017, Shell's CEO Ben van Beurden announced Shell's plan to cut half of its carbon emissions by 2050, and 20 percent by 2035. In this regard, Shell promised to spend $2 billion annually on renewable energy sources. Shell began to develop its wind energy segment in 2001, the company now operates six wind farms in the United States and is part of a plan to build two offshore wind farms in the Netherlands.{{cite news |url= http://www.timesonline.com/news/20171130/royal-dutch-shell-announces-plans-to-combat-climate-change |title= Royal Dutch Shell announces plans to combat climate change |date= 30 November 2017 |author= Jared Stonesifer |work= The Times online |access-date= 1 December 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232939/http://www.timesonline.com/news/20171130/royal-dutch-shell-announces-plans-to-combat-climate-change |archive-date= 1 December 2017 |url-status= live }}

In December 2017, the company announced plans to buy UK household energy and broadband provider First Utility.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/dec/21/shell-to-supply-energy-to-uk-households-after-takeover-of-first-utility|title=Shell to supply energy to UK households after takeover of First Utility|last=Vaughan|first=Adam|date=21 December 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 May 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502001231/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/dec/21/shell-to-supply-energy-to-uk-households-after-takeover-of-first-utility|archive-date=2 May 2019|url-status=live}} In March 2019 it rebranded to Shell Energy and announced that all electricity would be supplied from renewable sources.{{Cite web|url=https://www.choose.co.uk/news/2019/first-utility-rebrands-shell-energy/|title=StackPath|website=choose.co.uk|access-date=2 May 2019|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815141615/https://www.choose.co.uk/news/2019/first-utility-rebrands-shell-energy/|url-status=live}}

In December 2018, the company announced that it had partnered with SkyNRG to begin supplying sustainable aviation fuel to airlines operating out of San Francisco Airport (SFO), including KLM, SAS, and Finnair.{{Cite web|url=https://www.flysfo.com/media/press-releases/sfo-announces-landmark-agreement-use-sustainable-aviation-fuels|title=SFO Announces Landmark Agreement for Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels {{!}} San Francisco International Airport|website=FlySFO {{!}} San Francisco International Airport|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425194241/https://www.flysfo.com/media/press-releases/sfo-announces-landmark-agreement-use-sustainable-aviation-fuels|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://biofuels-news.com/display_news/14217/shell_starts_supplying_sustainable_fuel_at_californian_airport/|title=Shell starts supplying sustainable fuel at Californian airport {{!}} Biofuels International Magazine|website=Biofuels International|date=12 December 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425193620/https://biofuels-news.com/display_news/14217/shell_starts_supplying_sustainable_fuel_at_californian_airport/|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=live}} In the same month, the company announced plans to double its renewable energy budget to investment in low-carbon energy to $4 billion US each year, with an aim to spend up to $2 billion US on renewable energy by 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy-reporters.com/environment/shell-set-to-double-renewable-budget/|title=Shell set to double renewable budget|date=27 December 2018|website=Energy Reporters|language=en-US|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506223042/https://www.energy-reporters.com/environment/shell-set-to-double-renewable-budget/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=live}}

In January 2018, the company acquired a 44% interest in Silicon Ranch, a solar energy company run by Matt Kisber, as part of its global New Energies project.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/business/manufacturing/energy/article/20988737/shell-takes-big-stake-in-silicon-ranch|title=Shell takes big stake in Silicon Ranch|website=Nashville Post|date=15 January 2018 |language=en|access-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430032335/https://www.nashvillepost.com/business/manufacturing/energy/article/20988737/shell-takes-big-stake-in-silicon-ranch|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}} The company took over from Partners Group, paying up to an estimated $217 million for the minority interest.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2018/01/15/phil-bredesen-silicon-ranch-solar-shell-investment-up-217-m/1033391001/|title=Bredesen's Silicon Ranch solar company gains Shell investment of up to $217M|website=The Tennessean|language=en|access-date=29 April 2019|archive-date=17 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111153/https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2018/01/15/phil-bredesen-silicon-ranch-solar-shell-investment-up-217-m/1033391001/|url-status=live}}

In February 2019, the company acquired German solar battery company Sonnen.{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-sonnen-m-a-shell-idUKKCN1Q4199|title=Shell buys German solar battery maker sonnen|date=15 February 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=30 April 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430213621/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-sonnen-m-a-shell-idUKKCN1Q4199|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=dead}} It first invested in the company in May 2018 as part of its New Energies project.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/12f343d6-3100-11e9-8744-e7016697f225|title=Shell acquires German battery start-up Sonnen|last=McGee|first=Patrick|date=15 February 2019|website=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430214009/https://www.ft.com/content/12f343d6-3100-11e9-8744-e7016697f225|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}} As of late 2021, the company had 800 employees and has installed 70.000 home battery systems.{{Cite web|title=sonnen|url=https://sonnenusa.com/en/vision/|access-date=23 December 2021|website=sonnen|language=en|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223223540/https://sonnenusa.com/en/vision/|url-status=live}}

On 27 February 2019, the company acquired British VPP operator Limejump for an undisclosed amount.{{Cite web|last=Limejump|title=Super-charged for the future|url=https://www.limejump.com/knowledge-hub/limejump-acquired-by-shell/|access-date=22 December 2021|website=Limejump|language=en-GB|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222143208/https://www.limejump.com/knowledge-hub/limejump-acquired-by-shell/|url-status=live}}

In July 2019, Shell installed their first 150 kW electric car chargers at its London petrol stations with payments handled via SMOOV. They also plan to provide 350 kW chargers in Europe by entering into an agreement with IONITY.{{Cite web|url=https://www.drivingelectric.com/news/1169/shell-installs-first-150kw-charger-uk-forecourt|title=Shell installs first 150kW charger at UK forecourt|date=4 July 2019|publisher=Driving Electric|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112130944/https://www.drivingelectric.com/news/1169/shell-installs-first-150kw-charger-uk-forecourt|url-status=live}}

On 26 January 2021, Shell said it would buy 100 per cent of Ubitricity, owner of the largest public charging network for electric vehicles in the United Kingdom, as the company expands its presence along the power supply chain.{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Shell buys UK's biggest electric vehicle charging network Ubitricity|url=https://www.uktech.news/news/shell-buys-uks-biggest-electric-vehicle-charging-network-ubitricity-20210126|access-date=29 January 2021|website=UKTN (UK Tech News)|language=en-GB|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126205701/https://www.uktech.news/news/shell-buys-uks-biggest-electric-vehicle-charging-network-ubitricity-20210126|url-status=live}} In 2023, Shell announced that it would rebrand its Ubitricity chargepoints under its Shell Recharge brand.{{cite web |title=Shell Recharge rebranding: What does it mean? |url=https://ubitricity.com/en/driver/shell-recharge-rebranding/ |website=ubitricity.com |access-date=16 February 2024}}

On 25 February 2021, Shell announced the acquisition of German Virtual Power Plant (VPP) company Next Kraftwerke for an undisclosed amount. Next Kraftwerke connects renewable electricity generation- and storage projects to optimize the usage of those assets. The company mostly operates in Europe.{{Cite web|title=Shell acquires Next Kraftwerke to strengthen position in renewable energy trading|url=https://www.next-kraftwerke.com/news/shell-next-kraftwerke|access-date=22 December 2021|website=www.next-kraftwerke.com|language=en-US|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222142347/https://www.next-kraftwerke.com/news/shell-next-kraftwerke|url-status=live}}

In November 2022, it was announced Shell's wholly-owned subsidiary, Shell Petroleum NV, had acquired the Odense-headquartered renewable natural gas producer, Nature Energy Biogas A/S for nearly US$2 billion.{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=Shell to acquire Nature Energy |url=https://www.hydrocarbonengineering.com/gas-processing/29112022/shell-to-acquire-nature-energy/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=Hydrocarbon Engineering |language=en |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129142349/https://www.hydrocarbonengineering.com/gas-processing/29112022/shell-to-acquire-nature-energy/ |url-status=live }}

Shell is mainly owned by institutional investors. The 10 largest shareholder of Shell plc. in early 2024 were:

• BlackRock Investment Management UK (4.061%)
• Vanguard (3.710%)
• Norges Bank (3.013%)
• BlackRock Fund Advisors (2.865%)
• BlackRock Advisors UK (1.352%)
• Legal & General (1.315%)
• State Street Global Advisors (1.278%)
• Clearstream Banking S.A. (1.168%)
• Vanguard Global Advisors (0.9965%)
• Geode Capital Management (0.7262%)

File:Presentation of Shell Oil Company contribution to National Fish and Wildlife Foundation at the Foundation's Celebrating the Great Outdoors fundraising event, co-hosted by ESPN Outdo - DPLA - 7bd3c75e1f0b4d0aab802890eab2f85b.jpg

In 2020, the Northern Lights CCS project was announced, which is a joint project between Equinor, Shell and Total, operating in the European Union (Norway) and aiming to store liquid {{CO2}} beneath the seabed.{{Cite web |last=Rokke |first=Nils |title=Norway To Build $3 Billion 'Longship' Carbon Dioxide Capture Project |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nilsrokke/2020/09/21/norways-18-billion-ccs-proposal-is-great-news-for-the-climate/ |website=Forbes |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926093452/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nilsrokke/2020/09/21/norways-18-billion-ccs-proposal-is-great-news-for-the-climate/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Full-scale CCS project in Norway – Longship | Reaching the climate goals |url=https://ccsnorway.com/ |website=Fullskala |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925073822/https://ccsnorway.com/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Minister |first=The Office of the Prime |date=21 September 2020 |title=The Government launches 'Longship' for carbon capture and storage in Norway |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/the-government-launches-longship-for-carbon-capture-and-storage-in-norway/id2765288/ |website=Government.no |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927024317/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/the-government-launches-longship-for-carbon-capture-and-storage-in-norway/id2765288/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Norway to Launch $2,7B Carbon Capture and Storage Project 'Longship' |url=https://www.oedigital.com/news/481822-norway-to-launch-2-7b-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-longship |website=Offshore Engineer Magazine |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923144418/https://www.oedigital.com/news/481822-norway-to-launch-2-7b-carbon-capture-and-storage-project-longship |url-status=live }}

Environmentalists have expressed concern that Shell is processing oil from the Amazon region of South America. In the United States, the Martinez refinery (CA) and the Puget Sound Refinery (WA) carry Amazonian oil. In 2015, 14% of the Martinez refinery's gross, at 19,570 barrels per day, came from the Amazon.{{cite web |title=From Well to Wheel: The Social, Environmental, and Climate Costs of Amazon Crude |url=http://amazonwatch.org/news/2016/0928-from-well-to-wheel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328021900/http://amazonwatch.org/news/2016/0928-from-well-to-wheel |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=27 March 2017 |website=Amazon Watch|date=28 September 2016 }}

In December 2021, Royal Dutch Shell decided to move ahead with seismic tests to explore for oil in humpback whale breeding grounds along South Africa's eastern coastline.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/dec/03/shell-go-ahead-seismic-tests-whale-breeding-grounds-court-oil-south-africa|title=Shell to go ahead with seismic tests in whale breeding grounds after court win|date=3 December 2021|website=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204162931/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/dec/03/shell-go-ahead-seismic-tests-whale-breeding-grounds-court-oil-south-africa|url-status=live}} On 3 December 2021, a South African high court struck down an urgent application brought by environmentalists to stop the project, which will involve a vessel regularly firing an air gun that produces a very powerful shock wave underwater to help map subsea geology. According to Greenpeace Africa and the South African Deep Sea Angling Association, this could cause "irreparable harm" to the marine environment, especially to migrating humpback whales in the area.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-wins-court-case-start-seismic-surveys-offshore-south-africa-2021-12-03/|title=Shell wins court case to start seismic surveys offshore South Africa|newspaper=Reuters|date=3 December 2021|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204162931/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-wins-court-case-start-seismic-surveys-offshore-south-africa-2021-12-03/|url-status=live}}

Measured by both its own emissions, and the emissions of all the fossil fuels it sells, Shell was the ninth-largest corporate producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the period 1988–2015.{{Cite news |last=Riley |first=Tess |date=10 July 2017 |title=Just 100 companies responsible for 71% of global emissions, study says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118063050/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=17 June 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} The burning of the fossil fuels produced by Shell are responsible for 1.67% of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions from 1988 to 2015.{{cite news |title=Top 100 producers and their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1988–2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118063050/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=29 October 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian}}

In the past, Shell has been a part of lobbying and trade groups that are against climate policy and promote climate skepticism.{{Cite web |last1=Waldman |first1=Scott |author2=E&E News |title=Shell Grappled with Climate Change 20 Years Ago, Documents Show |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/shell-grappled-with-climate-change-20-years-ago-documents-show/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}

In 2017, a public information film ("Climate of Concern") unseen for years resurfaced and showed Shell had clear grasp of global warming 26 years earlier but has not acted accordingly since, said critics.{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |last2=Mommers |first2=Jelmer |date=28 February 2017 |title='Shell knew': oil giant's 1991 film warned of climate change danger |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/shell-knew-oil-giants-1991-film-warned-climate-change-danger |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174806/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/shell-knew-oil-giants-1991-film-warned-climate-change-danger |archive-date=24 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 |work=The Guardian}}{{cite news |last1=Mommers |first1=Jelmer |last2=Carrington |first2=Damian |date=28 February 2017 |title=If Shell knew climate change was dire 25 years ago, why still business as usual today? |url=https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061357/https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |archive-date=26 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 |work=The Correspondent}}{{cite news |last=Mommers |first=Jelmer |date=28 February 2017 |title=Shell made a film about climate change in 1991 (then neglected to heed its own warning) |url=https://thecorrespondent.com/6285/shell-made-a-film-about-climate-change-in-1991-then-neglected-to-heed-its-own-warning/692663565-875331f6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151247/https://thecorrespondent.com/6285/shell-made-a-film-about-climate-change-in-1991-then-neglected-to-heed-its-own-warning/692663565-875331f6 |archive-date=26 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 |work=The Correspondent}} During the years of 2010–2018, only 1% of Shell's long-term investments were dedicated to sources of low-carbon energy such as wind and solar. In the years of 2015–2017, just 0.4% of its revenue was put towards low-carbon technology.{{Cite web |title=The Greenwashing Files – Shell {{!}} ClientEarth |url=https://www.clientearth.org/projects/the-greenwashing-files/shell/ |access-date=4 March 2024 |website=www.clientearth.org |language=en-US}}

Shell failed to meet its own target in 2020 to spend $6 billion on renewable energy. It is also estimated that Shell is not on track to meet its own investment target for 2025, and that the company needs to direct over half of its capital expenditures (nearly $10 billion per year) to zero carbon investments to meet its long-term net-zero targets. In April 2020, Shell announced plans to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or sooner.{{cite news |last1=Ambrose |first1=Jillian |date=16 April 2020 |title=Shell unveils plans to become net-zero carbon company by 2050 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/apr/16/shell-unveils-plans-to-become-net-zero-carbon-company-by-2050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102171523/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/apr/16/shell-unveils-plans-to-become-net-zero-carbon-company-by-2050 |archive-date=2 November 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=The Guardian}} They also pledged to reduce carbon intensity of all energy products by 20% by 2030, and 45% by 2035 (compared to 2016 levels.){{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Mei |last2=Trencher |first2=Gregory |last3=Asuka |first3=Jusen |date=February 2022 |title=The clean energy claims of BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil and Shell: A mismatch between discourse, actions and investments |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=17 |issue=2 |language=English |pages=e0263596 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0263596|doi-access=free |pmid=35171938 |pmc=8849545 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1763596L |id={{ProQuest|2629381397}} }} However, internal documents from the company released by the Democratic-led House committee reveal a private 2020 communication saying Shell does not have any plans to bring emissions to zero for next 10–20 years.{{cite news |last1=Milman |first1=Oliver |title=Criticism intensifies after big oil admits 'gaslighting' public over green aims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/17/oil-companies-exxonmobil-chevron-shell-bp-climate-crisis |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917224357/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/17/oil-companies-exxonmobil-chevron-shell-bp-climate-crisis |url-status=live }}

In March 2024, Shell CEO Wael Sawan announced that the company would moderate its near-term carbon emissions reduction targets, revising its reduction in net carbon intensity of third-party use of products down to 15% from 20% and dropping its target of a 45% reduction in carbon emissions by 2035 from a 2016 baseline.{{cite news|last=Meredith|first=Sam|date=14 March 2024|title=Oil giant Shell waters down its near-term emission cuts in strategy update|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/14/oil-giant-shell-waters-the-down-pace-of-its-near-term-emission-cuts.html|access-date=14 March 2024}}{{cite news|last=Laursen|first=Christian Moess|date=14 March 2024|title=Shell to Slow Pace of Carbon-Emission Cuts|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=News Corp|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/shell-to-slow-pace-of-carbon-emission-cuts-4b24acce|access-date=14 March 2024}}

Shell plc reported 58 million metric tons of emissions from its operations in 2024 with 50 million metric tons coming from Scope 1 sources and 8 million metric tons coming from Scope 2 sources. This high level of emissions is a result of Shell plc's main business activities, which include gas production and oil refining. Actually, industries with a high environmental risk account for 100% of the company's revenue, with consumable fuels making up 89.7% of this total.Bloomberg Finance L.P., 2025, Accessed April 08 2025 Even if Shell cut methane emissions by 19.5% and gas flaring by 14.3% in a single year, its green revenue is still only 0.2%. Additionally, there are extremely high environmental risks associated with the company's value chain, particularly with regard to greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem change.

Shell's company faces risks and challenges as a result of climate change. The corporation works in high-risk industries that could be impacted by public opinion and laws related to climate change. The fact that 3% of Shell's assets are located in pristine areas, for instance, may cause future disputes and more strict laws. Shell has declared a transition strategy and a target of achieving net zero emissions by 2050 in order to address these threats. By 2024, Shell had exceeded its goal of reducing emissions by 30% over a 14-year period. Its emissions, particularly those from Scope 3, are still greater than some industry standards, nonetheless.

{{main|Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell}}

On 5 April 2019, Milieudefensie (Dutch for "environmental defense"), together with six NGOs and more than 17,000 citizens, sued Shell, accusing the company of harming the climate despite knowing about global warming since 1986.{{cite web |title=Milieudefensie et al. v. Royal Dutch Shell plc. |url=http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/milieudefensie-et-al-v-royal-dutch-shell-plc/ |website=Climate Change Litigation |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110225537/http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/milieudefensie-et-al-v-royal-dutch-shell-plc/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |author1=Jelmer Mommers |author2=Damian Carrington |title=If Shell knew climate change was dire 25 years ago, why still business as usual today? |url=https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |website=The Correspondent |access-date=10 January 2020 |ref=TheCorrespondent |date=28 February 2017 |archive-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061357/https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |url-status=live }} In May 2021, the district court of The Hague ruled that Shell must reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 45% by 2030 (compared to 2019 levels).{{Cite web|url=https://nos.nl/l/2382398|title=Milieudefensie wint rechtszaak tegen Shell: CO2-uitstoot moet sneller dalen|website=nos.nl|date=26 May 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-date=17 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111212/https://nos.nl/artikel/2382398-milieudefensie-wint-rechtszaak-tegen-shell-co2-uitstoot-moet-sneller-dalen|url-status=live}}

Shell contested the 2021 ruling, contendeding that the ruling exceeded judicial authority and could lead to counterproductive outcomes. The outcome was anticipated to significantly impact Shell's operations and influence European energy companies' climate policies.{{cite news|title=Shell appeal against landmark climate ruling kicks off in Dutch court |date= 1 April 2024 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ac1623a4-d87a-4ad5-9328-59c09f381a8f |website=Financial Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426093614/https://www.ft.com/content/ac1623a4-d87a-4ad5-9328-59c09f381a8f |archive-date=26 April 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024}} On 12 November 2024, The Hague's appeals court dismissed the 2021 ruling that had required Shell to cut its absolute carbon emissions by 45% by 2030, relative to 2019 levels, including emissions resulting from the use of its products.{{Cite web |title=Shell wins landmark climate case against green groups in Dutch appeal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx240l9xq2yo |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=www.bbc.com |date=12 November 2024 |language=en-GB}}

• Shell was responsible for around 21,000 gallons of oil spilled near Tracy, California, in May 2016 due to a pipeline crack.{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Oil-pipeline-near-Tracy-spills-thousands-of-7940489.php|title=Oil pipeline near Tracy spills thousands of gallons of crude|newspaper=Sfgate |date=24 May 2016|access-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922075735/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Oil-pipeline-near-Tracy-spills-thousands-of-7940489.php|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live |last1=Alexander |first1=By Kurtis }}
• Shell was responsible for an 88,200-gallon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in May 2016.{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/shell-oil-spill-gulf-mexico_us_57353058e4b060aa7819ee00 |title=Shell Oil Spill Dumps Thousands Of Barrels Of Crude Into Gulf Of Mexico |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=11 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515080146/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/shell-oil-spill-gulf-mexico_us_57353058e4b060aa7819ee00 |archive-date=15 May 2016 |url-status=live }}
• Two ruptures in a Shell Oil Co. pipeline in Altamont, California – one in September 2015 and another in May 2016 – led to questions on whether the Office of the State Fire Marshal, charged with overseeing the pipeline, was doing an adequate job.{{cite web|url=https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/state-outsources-east-bay-pipeline-spill-investigation-to-oil-company/|title=Critics Question State Pipeline Oversight After 2 Altamont Oil Spills|date=10 October 2016|publisher=KQUED|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316213535/https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/state-outsources-east-bay-pipeline-spill-investigation-to-oil-company/|archive-date=16 March 2017|url-status=live}}
• On 29 January 2021, a Dutch court ordered Royal Dutch Shell plc's Nigerian unit to compensate for oil spills in two villages over 13 years ago. Shell Nigeria is liable for damages from pipeline leaks in the villages of Oruma and Goi, the Hague Court of Appeals said in a ruling. Shell said that it should not be liable, as the spills were the result of sabotage.{{Cite web|title=Shell Loses Dutch Court Case Over Nigeria Oil Spills|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/dutch-court-orders-shell-nigeria-to-compensate-for-oil-spills|access-date=29 January 2021|website=BloombergQuint|date=29 January 2021 |language=en|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208154311/https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/dutch-court-orders-shell-nigeria-to-compensate-for-oil-spills|url-status=live}}

File:Shell kantoor Den Haag.JPG]]

On 2 September 2002, Shell chairman Philip Watts accepted the "Greenwash Lifetime Achievement Award" from the Greenwash Academy's Oscar Green, near the World Summit on Sustainable Development.{{Cite web|date=2 September 2002|title=Shell accepts greenwash lifetime achievement award|url=https://www.foei.org/press_releases/archive-by-subject/economic-justice-resisting-neoliberalism-press/shell-accepts-greenwash-lifetime-achievement-award|access-date=24 February 2022|website=Friends of the Earth International|language=en-US|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224123206/https://www.foei.org/press_releases/archive-by-subject/economic-justice-resisting-neoliberalism-press/shell-accepts-greenwash-lifetime-achievement-award|url-status=live}}

In 2007, British ASA ruled against a Shell ad involving chimneys spewing flowers, which depicted Shell's waste management policies, claiming it was misleading the public about Shell's environmental impact.{{Cite news|date=5 July 2007|title=Royal Dutch/Shell told to stop using environment ads|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/royaldutch-environment-idUKL0587889820070705|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224130201/https://www.reuters.com/article/royaldutch-environment-idUKL0587889820070705|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|date=7 November 2007|title=Shell press ad censured by ASA|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/nov/07/asa.advertising|access-date=24 February 2022|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224130204/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/nov/07/asa.advertising|url-status=live}}

In 2008, the British ASA ruled that Shell had misled the public in an advertisement when it claimed that a $10 billion oil sands project in Alberta, Canada, was a "sustainable energy source".{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/aug/13/corporatesocialresponsibility.fossilfuels |title= Shell rapped by ASA for 'greenwash' advert |date=13 August 2008 |first=John |last=Vidal |location=London |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160817122552/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/aug/13/corporatesocialresponsibility.fossilfuels|archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Advertising not sustainable, authority tells Shell|url=https://www.wwf.mg/?145707%2FAdvertising-not-sustainable-authority-tells-Shell|access-date=24 February 2022|website=www.wwf.mg|language=fr|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224123204/https://www.wwf.mg/?145707%2FAdvertising-not-sustainable-authority-tells-Shell|url-status=live}}

In 2021, Netherlands officials told Shell to stop running a campaign which claimed customers could turn their fuel "carbon neutral" by buying offsets, as it was concluded that this claim was devoid of evidence.{{Cite web|last=George|first=Sarah|date=2 September 2021|title=Shell's carbon offsetting ad is greenwashing, rules Dutch watchdog|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/all/news/shells-promotion-of-carbon-offsets-is-greenwashing-rules-dutch-watchdog/|access-date=24 February 2022|website=www.euractiv.com|language=en-GB|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224125056/https://www.euractiv.com/section/all/news/shells-promotion-of-carbon-offsets-is-greenwashing-rules-dutch-watchdog/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Netherlands Officials Tell Shell to Stop Greenwashing Ad Campaign|url=https://gizmodo.com/netherlands-officials-tell-shell-to-stop-its-ads-greenw-1847613583|access-date=24 February 2022|website=Gizmodo|date=3 September 2021|language=en-us|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224125056/https://gizmodo.com/netherlands-officials-tell-shell-to-stop-its-ads-greenw-1847613583|url-status=live}}

In December 2022, U.S. House Oversight and Reform Committee Chair Carolyn Maloney and U.S. House Oversight Environment Subcommittee Chair Ro Khanna sent a memorandum to all House Oversight and Reform Committee members summarizing additional findings from the committee's investigation into the fossil fuel industry disinformation campaign to obscure the role of fossil fuels in causing global warming, and that upon reviewing internal company documents, accused Shell along with BP, Chevron Corporation, and ExxonMobil of greenwashing their Paris Agreement carbon neutrality pledges while continuing long-term investment in fossil fuel production and sales, for engaging in a campaign to promote the use of natural gas as a clean energy source and bridge fuel to renewable energy, and of intimidating journalists reporting about the companies' climate actions and of obstructing the committee's investigation, which ExxonMobil, Shell, and the American Petroleum Institute denied.{{cite news|last=Clifford|first=Catherine|date=9 December 2022|title=Democratic lawmakers accuse big oil companies of 'greenwashing'|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/09/democratic-lawmakers-accuse-big-oil-of-greenwashing.html|access-date=10 December 2022}}{{cite report|last1=Maloney|first1=Carolyn|last2=Khanna|first2=Ro|title=MEMORANDUM – Re: Investigation of Fossil Fuel Industry Disinformation|date=9 December 2022|publisher=U.S. House Oversight and Reform Committee|url=https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2022-12-09.COR_Supplemental_Memo-Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Disinformation.pdf|access-date=10 December 2022|archive-date=28 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228070207/https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2022-12-09.COR_Supplemental_Memo-Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Disinformation.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite episode|title=The Power of Big Oil|title-link=The Power of Big Oil|series=FRONTLINE|series-link=Frontline (American TV program)|network=PBS|station=WGBH|season=40|number=10–12|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-power-of-big-oil/?|access-date=8 July 2022}}

A number of incidents over the years led to criticism of Shell's health and safety record, including repeated warnings by the UK Health and Safety Executive about the poor state of the company's North Sea platforms.{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/mar/05/oilandpetrol.news |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Terry |last=MacAlister |title=Shell safety record in North Sea takes a hammering |date=5 March 2007 |access-date= 13 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170102173324/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/mar/05/oilandpetrol.news |archive-date=2 January 2017 |url-status=live}}

Shell already had previous experience exiting markets that were subject to sanctions pressure from NATO or EU member states. In particular, in 2013, Shell announced that it was suspending its operations in Syria.{{cite news|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/shell-prekrashchaet-rabotu-v-sirii-za-sanktsiy-evrosoyuz-03122011134800|title=Shell припиняє роботу в Сирії через санкції Євросоюзу|date=3 December 2011|newspaper=RBC-Ukraine|access-date=25 April 2023}} On 8 March 2022, Shell announced its intention to phase out all Russian hydrocarbon production and acquisition projects, including crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG). In early 2022, the company was criticized by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine for its slow response to the Russian invasion.{{cite news|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-kuleba-shell-rosiiska-nafta/31737724.html|title=Kuleba criticized Shell: "doesn't Russian oil smell like the blood of Ukrainians?"|date=5 March 2022|publisher=Radio Svoboda|access-date=25 April 2023}} As of April 2023, Shell still had shares in Russian companies, such as 27.5% in Sakhalin Energy Investment Company (SEIC), a joint venture with Gazprom (50%), Mitsui (12.5%) and Mitsubishi (10%).{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/apr/12/shell-sakhalin-2-gas-project-stake|title=Shell may get nearly £1bn from sale of stake in Russian gas project|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 April 2023|access-date=25 April 2023}}

This domain name was first registered by a former marketing manager for Royal Dutch Shell plc, Alfred Donovan, and has been used as a "gripe site".{{cite news | title=Shell Wages Legal Fight Over Web Domain Name | url=http://www.shellnews.net/PDFs/WallStreetJourn2June2005.pdf | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | first=Chip | last=Cummins | date=2 June 2005 | accessdate=23 June 2009 | archive-date=15 August 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815210536/http://shellnews.net/PDFs/WallStreetJourn2June2005.pdf | url-status=live }} It avoids being an illegal cybersquatter as long as it is non-commercial, active, and no attempt is made to sell the domain name, as determined by WIPO proceedings.{{cite web | title=WIPO ADMIN PANEL DECISION | url=http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2005/d2005-0538.html | publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization | first=Daniel J | last=Gervais | date=8 August 2005 | accessdate=23 June 2009 | archive-date=8 July 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708135616/http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2005/d2005-0538.html | url-status=live }} In 2005, Donovan said he would relinquish the site to Shell after it "gets rid of all the management he deems responsible for its various recent woes".{{cite news | last=Walsh | first=Dominic | title=In a Spin on Report | url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article555591.ece | date=16 August 2005 | newspaper=The Times | access-date=2 May 2009 | location=London | archive-date=12 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612023745/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article555591.ece | url-status=dead }} The site has been recognized by several media outlets for its role as an Internet leak. In 2008, the Financial Times published an article based on a letter published by royaldutchshellplc.com,{{Cite news|title=Shell pension scheme value falls 40%|url=https://www.ft.com/content/09b3abec-c899-11dd-b86f-000077b07658|access-date=3 June 2020|newspaper=Financial Times|date=12 December 2008|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517132043/https://www.ft.com/content/09b3abec-c899-11dd-b86f-000077b07658|url-status=live}} which Reuters and The Times also covered shortly thereafter.{{Cite news|date=12 December 2008|title=UPDATE 4-Shell's pension underfunded, contributions rise|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/shell-pension-idINLC63507620081212|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603030224/https://www.reuters.com/article/shell-pension-idINLC63507620081212|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Stiff|first=Peter|title=HSBC hit by fear factor as downturn spreads to Asia|newspaper=The Times|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/hsbc-hit-by-fear-factor-as-downturn-spreads-to-asia-xw62vggs78j|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603030224/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hsbc-hit-by-fear-factor-as-downturn-spreads-to-asia-xw62vggs78j|url-status=live}} On 18 October 2006, the site published an article stating that Shell had for some time been supplying information to the Russian government relating to Sakhalin II.{{cite web | first=Derek | last=Brower | title=Rise of the Gripe Site | url=http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=8209 | date=1 February 2007 | publisher=Prospect | accessdate=2 May 2009 | archive-date=25 May 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525045725/http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=8209 | url-status=live }} The Russian energy company Gazprom subsequently obtained a 50% stake in the Sakhalin-II project.{{cite news | first=Terry | last=Macalister | title=Thin Smile from Shell as it Sells Sakhalin Stake | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/apr/19/oilandpetrol.news | date=19 April 2007 | newspaper=The Guardian | accessdate=2 May 2009 | location=London | archive-date=6 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406015825/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/apr/19/oilandpetrol.news | url-status=live }} Other instances where the site has acted as an Internet leak include a 2007 IT outsourcing plan,{{cite news | first=Tom | last=Bergin | title=Shell to Cut Thousands of IT Jobs | url=http://www.itpro.co.uk/news/154929/shells-it-outsourcing-plans-lambasted.html | date=21 December 2007 | agency=Reuters | accessdate=2 May 2009 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204171136/http://www.itpro.co.uk/news/154929/shells-it-outsourcing-plans-lambasted.html | archivedate=4 December 2008 }} as well as a 2008 internal memo where CEO Jeroen van der Veer expressed disappointment in the company's share-price performance.{{Cite news|last=Chazan|first=Guy|date=18 March 2008|title=Shell Addresses Output Issue|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120577892806742507|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603030230/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120577892806742507|url-status=live}}

The gripe site has also been recognized as a source of information regarding Shell by several news sources. In the 2006 Fortune Global 500 rankings, in which Royal Dutch Shell placed third, royaldutchshellplc.com was listed alongside shell.com as a source of information.{{cite magazine | title=Executive Bookmark | url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/07/24/8381730/index.htm | date=24 July 2006 | magazine=Fortune | accessdate=4 May 2009 | archive-date=25 May 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525085402/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/07/24/8381730/index.htm | url-status=live }} In 2007, the site was described as "a hub for activists and disgruntled former employees".{{cite news | last= Garside| first= Juliette| title=Online Revolutionaries | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/migrationtemp/2815430/Online-revolutionaries.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/migrationtemp/2815430/Online-revolutionaries.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | date=10 September 2007 | newspaper=The Sunday Telegraph | accessdate=4 May 2009 | location=London}}{{cbignore}} A 2009 article called royaldutchshellplc.com "the world's most effective adversarial Web site".{{cite web | last=Eringer | first=Robert | title=Gripe Sites are All the Rage Now | url=http://shellnews.net/wikipedia/7FEBRUARY2009GRIPESanta%20Barbara%20News-Press.pdf | date=10 September 2007 | publisher=Santa Barbara News-Press | via=ShellNews.net | accessdate=4 May 2009 | archive-date=24 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724062937/http://shellnews.net/wikipedia/7FEBRUARY2009GRIPESanta%20Barbara%20News-Press.pdf | url-status=live }} The site has been described as "an open wound for Shell".

{{Portal|Companies|Energy}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij
• Chaco War
• Fossil fuels lobby
• Lensbury
• List of companies based in London
• Shell Guides, a series of guidebooks
• Shell V-Power
• Shell Service Station (Winston-Salem, North Carolina)
• St1

{{Div col end}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin}}

(In chronological order)

• {{Cite book |last1=Smith |first1=P. G. A. |title=The Shell That Hit Germany Hardest |date=2015 |orig-date=Originally published in London: Shell Marketing Co., 1919 |publisher=Forgotten Books |location=London |isbn=9781332281633 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rLFvswEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111243/https://books.google.com/books?id=rLFvswEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Shell ... Soldier and Civilian |date=1945 |publisher=Shell Union Oil Corporation |location=New York |oclc=1979498 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVgRAQAAMAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111211/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVgRAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Canada Oil. A Century of Progress |date=1951 |publisher=Shell Oil Company of Canada |location=Montréal |oclc=150432098 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTjMgEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111211/https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTjMgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=The Technical Man in Oil Production |date=1954 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Los Angeles |oclc=5731010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jdQAQAAMAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111232/https://books.google.com/books?id=2jdQAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Beaton |first1=Kendall |title=Enterprise in Oil, a History of Shell in the United States |date=1957 |publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts |location=New York |oclc=236680 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvSvXwAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111154/https://books.google.com/books?id=nvSvXwAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Dotreville |first1=P.V.B.A. |title=Belgian Shell Company, 1908–1958 |date=1958 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Brussels |oclc=66950829 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3E1GwAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111236/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3E1GwAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Renseignements généraux sur la Shell Oil Company of Canada, Limited, 50e anniversaire, 1911–1961 |date=1961 |publisher=Shell Oil Company of Canada |location=Toronto |oclc=503096409 |language=fr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Vf6SAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111213/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Vf6SAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Forbes |first1=R. J. |title=A Chronology of Oil: With Special Reference to the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies |date=1965 |publisher=Bataafse Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij (Royal Dutch/Shell Group) |location=Den Haag |oclc=65917520 |edition=2nd, rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofrkzAEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111233/https://books.google.com/books?id=ofrkzAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Wells |first1=Barbara |title=Shell at Deer Park: The Story of the First Fifty Years |date=1979 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Houston |oclc=991773301 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-KvGQAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111224/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-KvGQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Shell Oil Company: A Story of Achievement |date=1984 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Houston |oclc=20438979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uA-wtgAACAAJ |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111215/https://books.google.com/books?id=uA-wtgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Shell: 75 Years Serving America |date=1987 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Houston}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Schroeder |first1=John G. |title=Shell at Wood River: 75 Years of Progress |date=1993 |publisher=Shell Oil Company |location=Wood River. IL, USA |oclc=30772350 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nl-FGQAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111227/https://books.google.com/books?id=nl-FGQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Montgomery |first1=Bob |title=Down Many a Road: The Story of Shell in Ireland 1902–2002 |date=2002 |publisher=Dreoilín Publications |location=Tankardstown |isbn=190277311X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vm8cSQAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111236/https://books.google.com/books?id=vm8cSQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Hutchins |first1=H. R. (Holly) |title=Shell Deer Park: Celebrating 75 Years: People Making a Difference |date=2004 |publisher=Shell Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership and Shell Deer Park Chemical Plant |location=Deer Park, TX |oclc=780701509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPJIMwEACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111156/https://books.google.com/books?id=iPJIMwEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Jonker |first1=Joost |last2=van Zanden |first2=Jan Luiten |author-link2=Jan Luiten van Zanden |title=From Challenger to Joint Industry Leader, 1890–1939: A History of Royal Dutch Shell, volume 1 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199298785 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCUeAQAAMAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111235/https://books.google.com/books?id=qCUeAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Howarth |first1=Stephen |last2=Jonker |first2=Joost |title=Powering the Hydrocarbon Revolution, 1939–1973: A History of Royal Dutch Shell, volume 2 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199298792 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JCUeAQAAMAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111204/https://books.google.com/books?id=JCUeAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Sluyterman |first1=Keetie E. |title=Keeping Competitive in Turbulent Markets, 1973–2007: A History of Royal Dutch Shell, volume 3 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199298808 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0lCtAEACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111204/https://books.google.com/books?id=U0lCtAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=van Zanden |first1=Jan Luiten |author-link1=Jan Luiten van Zanden |title=A History of Royal Dutch Shell. Appendices. Figures and explanations, collective bibliography and index |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199234400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l58TAQAAIAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111157/https://books.google.com/books?id=l58TAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Manvelov |first1=N. V. |title=125 Years of Shell in Russia: 1892–2017 |date=2017 |location=Moscow |publisher=Factotums |isbn=9785990887848 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NyetQEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111236/https://books.google.com/books?id=6NyetQEACAAJ |url-status=live }}

{{Refend}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book |author1=African National Congress |title=Fuelling Apartheid |date=1980 |publisher=United Nations Centre Against Apartheid, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs |location=New York |oclc=77008976 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NqZtgAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111236/https://books.google.com/books?id=9NqZtgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=A Criminal Enterprise?: Shell's Involvement in Human Rights Violations in Nigeria in the 1990s |date=2017 |publisher=Amnesty International |location=London |oclc=1022200039 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hUQ6tAEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111211/https://books.google.com/books?id=hUQ6tAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Negligence in the Niger Delta: Decoding Shell and Eni's Poor Record on Oil Spills |date=2018 |publisher=Amnesty International |location=London |oclc=1051890064 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5ffvQEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111235/https://books.google.com/books?id=A5ffvQEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Bailey |first1=Martin |title=Shell and BP in South Africa. |date=1978 |publisher=Haslemere Group/Anti-Apartheid |location=Birmingham |isbn=0905094026 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQAvAQAAIAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111231/https://books.google.com/books?id=VQAvAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Brakel |first1=Aat |title=People and Organizations Interacting |date=1985 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK |isbn=0471904767 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrS3AAAAIAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111237/https://books.google.com/books?id=XrS3AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Bridges |first1=Harry |title=The Americanization of Shell: The Beginnings and Early Years of Shell Oil Company in The United States |series=Newcomen address, 1971 |date=1972 |publisher=Newcomen Society in North America |location=New York |oclc=489377 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HDuFQgAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111233/https://books.google.com/books?id=HDuFQgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=Phil |title=Rebounding, Rebuilding, Renewing at Shell Oil: A Former CEO Reflects on Large-scale Change |series=Innovations in management series |date=1999 |publisher=Pegasus Communications |location=Waltham, MA, USA |isbn=1883823358 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAnYAAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111237/https://books.google.com/books?id=mAnYAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Cummins |first1=Ian |last2=Beasant |first2=John |title=Shell Shock: The Secrets and Spin of an Oil Giant |date=2005 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=184018941X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wq1AAAAIAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111159/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wq1AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Doran |first1=Peter B. |title=Breaking Rockefeller: The Incredible Story of the Ambitious Rivals Who Toppled an Oil Empire |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |location=New York |isbn=9780143130000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_e5DgAAQBAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111220/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_e5DgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Frynas |first1=Jedrzej George |title=Is Political Instability Harmful to Business?: The Case of Shell in Nigeria |series=University of Leipzig papers on Africa, Politics and economics series, no. 14 |date=1998 |publisher=Institut für Afrikanistik, Leipzig University |location=Leipzig |isbn=393263215X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e98lAAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111240/https://books.google.com/books?id=e98lAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite thesis |last1=Fuchs |first1=Tina |last2=Glas |first2=Miroslav |title=Problem ravnanja vodstva podjetij: primer Shell: diplomsko delo |trans-title=The Problem of Business Management Behavior: the Shell case |type=diploma thesis |date=2006 |publisher=Independently published |location=Ljubljana |oclc=441619660 |language=sl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5sfNQAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111159/https://books.google.com/books?id=r5sfNQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Glässer |first1=Wiebke |title=Marktmacht und Politik: das internationale Kartell der Ölgesellschaften 1960–1975 |trans-title=Market Power and Politics: The International Oil Company Cartel 1960–1975 |date=2019 |publisher=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |location=Berlin; Boston |isbn=9783110633221 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXicDwAAQBAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111200/https://books.google.com/books?id=NXicDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Goedman |first1=Jan |title=Naar een maatschappelijke planologie en planning: perspectieven voor een ruimtelijke theorie en politiek van de arbeid |trans-title=Towards a Societal Planning and Planning: Perspectives for a Spatial Theory and Politics of Work |date=1978 |publisher=Ekologische Uitgeverij |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9062240119 |language=nl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE0kAAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111215/https://books.google.com/books?id=gE0kAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Hall |first1=John |last2=(with Vaughn |first2=Patrica) |title=Riding the Winds of Change: The Chronicles of Jack Hall |date=1994 |publisher=ICAN Press |location=Chula Vista, CA, USA |isbn=1881116514 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVc1AAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111234/https://books.google.com/books?id=PVc1AAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Hendriks |first1=Frank |title=Shell: produktie, verwerking en verkoop: energie, metalen, bosbouw en zaaizaad: casestudies Curaçao, Zuid Afrika, Nigeria |trans-title=Shell: Production, Processing and Sales: Energy, Metals, Forestry and Seeds: case studies Curaçao, South Africa, Nigeria |date=1987 |publisher=Van Arkel |location=Utrecht |isbn=9062241514 |language=nl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibKfAAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111237/https://books.google.com/books?id=ibKfAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Hewitt |first1=John |title=The Shell Poster Book |date=1998 |publisher=Profile Books |location=London |isbn=1861970617 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQOgHAAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111238/https://books.google.com/books?id=EQOgHAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Howarth |first1=Stephen |title=Sea Shell: The Story of Shell's British Tanker Fleets 1892–1992 |date=1992 |publisher=Thomas Reed |location=London |isbn=094763732X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sYmNAAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111238/https://books.google.com/books?id=3sYmNAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Howarth |first1=Stephen |title=A Century in Oil: The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company, 1897–1997 |date=1997 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=0297822470 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DvdnQgAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111219/https://books.google.com/books?id=DvdnQgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Ibeanu |first1=Okechukwu |last2=Luckham |first2=Robin |author1-link=Okechukwu Ibeanu |title=Niger-Delta: Political Violence, Governance and Corporate Responsibility in a Petro-state |date=2006 |publisher=Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) |location=Abuja |isbn=1902296303 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FWkPgAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111221/https://books.google.com/books?id=4FWkPgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Jordan |first1=A. G. |title=Shell, Greenpeace, and the Brent Spar |date=2001 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Basingstoke, Hants, UK |isbn=0333745469 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mMJ1QgAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111208/https://books.google.com/books?id=mMJ1QgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=McCaughan |first1=Michael |title=The Price of Our Souls: Gas, Shell and Ireland |date=2008 |publisher=AFRI |location=Dublin |oclc=822888257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OA0wlAEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111248/https://books.google.com/books?id=OA0wlAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last=Merrillees |first=Scott |date=2015 |title=Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950–1980 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Equinox Publishing |isbn=9786028397308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akLWjgEACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111248/https://books.google.com/books?id=akLWjgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Nieuwenhuis |first1=Frans |title=Monseigneurs en managers: de Kerk van Rome en de Shell vergeleken |trans-title=Monseigneurs and Managers: the Church of Rome and the Shell compared |date=1995 |publisher=Ad. Donker |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9061004039 |language=nl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cCjZAAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111208/https://books.google.com/books?id=cCjZAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Francis |title=Corporate Social Responsibility and Shell in Ireland: A Thin Veneer |date=2011 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle upon Tyne |isbn=978-1443832212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0gJEXwAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111241/https://books.google.com/books?id=0gJEXwAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |author1=Ogoni Study Group (Port Harcourt, Nigeria) |title=Crisis in Ogoniland: The True Story |date=1995 |publisher=Ogoni Study Group |location=Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria |oclc=47997162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7FbAHAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111241/https://books.google.com/books?id=7FbAHAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Okonta |first1=Ike |last2=Douglas |first2=Oronto |title=Where Vultures Feast: Shell, Human Rights, and Oil in the Niger Delta |date=2003 |publisher=Verso |location=London; New York |isbn=1859844731 |edition=New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OS-fHCNRhvgC |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111227/https://books.google.com/books?id=OS-fHCNRhvgC |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Omoweh |first1=Daniel A. |title=Shell Petroleum Development Company, the state and underdevelopment of Nigeria's Niger Delta: a study in environmental degradation |date=2005 |publisher=Africa World Press |location=Trenton, NJ |isbn=0865439842 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9-CngEACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111236/https://books.google.com/books?id=u9-CngEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Osakwe |first1=Jimor |title=Justice and the Niger Delta Crises: Historical Analysis in Political and Socio-economic Philosophy |date=2002 |publisher=Independently published |location=Benin City, Nigeria |oclc=58833598 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZzlxAEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111215/https://books.google.com/books?id=PZzlxAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Priest |first1=Tyler |title=The Offshore Imperative: Shell Oil's Search for Petroleum in Postwar America |date=2007 |publisher=Texas A & M University Press |location=College Station, TX |isbn=9781585445684 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6xj0ICxLngC |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111235/https://books.google.com/books?id=P6xj0ICxLngC |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Reiss |first1=Bob |author1-link=Bob Reiss |title=The Eskimo and The Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America's Future |date=2012 |publisher=Business Plus |location=New York |isbn=9781455525249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSU2AQAAQBAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111322/https://books.google.com/books?id=RSU2AQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Rowell |first1=Andrew |last2=Goodall |first2=Andrea |title=Shell-Shocked: The Environmental and Social Costs of Living with Shell in Nigeria |date=1994 |publisher=Greenpeace International |location=Amsterdam |isbn=1871532809 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1UuAQAAIAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111237/https://books.google.com/books?id=G1UuAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Sampson |first1=Anthony |author1-link=Anthony Sampson |title=The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies And The World They Shaped |date=1975 |publisher=Viking Press |location=New York |isbn=067063591X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqu0AAAAIAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111230/https://books.google.com/books?id=hqu0AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }} ({{cite book |title=The Seven Sisters: The 100-year battle for the world's oil supply |author1=Also 4th, revised, edition |date=1991 |publisher=Bantam Books |location=New York |isbn=0553242377}})
• {{Cite book |last1=Saro-Wiwa |first1=Ken |author1-link=Ken Saro-Wiwa |title=Genocide in Nigeria: The Ogoni Tragedy |date=1992 |publisher=Saros International Publishers |location=London |isbn=1870716221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ml90AAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111230/https://books.google.com/books?id=ml90AAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Schubert |first1=Bianca |title=Shell in der Krise: zum Verhältnis von Journalismus und PR in Deutschland |trans-title=Shell in Crisis: On the Relationship between Journalism and PR in Germany |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Münster |isbn=3825851877 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLp_H6RapJMC |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111245/https://books.google.com/books?id=MLp_H6RapJMC |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Séguin Dulude |first1=Louise |last2=Desranleau |first2=Claude |last3=Fortier |first3=Yves |title=La R-D Du Groupe Royal Dutch/Shell Et Shell Canada Limitee: Des Priorites Globales Et Des Initiatives Locales / Royal Dutch/Shell Group and Shell Canada Limited R & D |series=Special Paper Series, Volume 91, Issue 1 |date=1991 |publisher=École des hautes études commerciales, Centre d'études en administration internationale |location=Montréal |isbn=2920296132 |language=en,fr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9pYSAAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111230/https://books.google.com/books?id=9pYSAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Veron |first1=J. Michael |title=Shell Game: One Family's Long Battle Against Big Oil |date=2007 |publisher=Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |isbn=978-1599210339 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfgrvgAACAAJ |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111222/https://books.google.com/books?id=WfgrvgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Verweij |first1=Myrthe |last2=Plantenga |first2=Bart |title=Leaking Pipelines: Shell in South Africa |date=2003 |publisher=Milieu defensie |location=Amsterdam |oclc=870109711 |language=en,nl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5WzPgAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111232/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5WzPgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Vorfelder |first1=Jochen |title=Brent Spar oder die Zukunft der Meere : Ein Greenpeace-Report |trans-title=Brent Spar or the Future of the Seas: A Greenpeace Report |date=1995 |publisher=C.H. Beck |location=München |isbn=3406392423 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Fp6tgAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111233/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Fp6tgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Wesseling |first1=Louis |title=Fuelling the War: Revealing an Oil Company's Role in Vietnam |date=2000 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |location=London; New York |isbn=9781860644573 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YpuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111243/https://books.google.com/books?id=9YpuAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Wilcox |first1=Fred A. |title=Shamrocks and Oil Slicks: A People's Uprising Against Shell Oil in County Mayo, Ireland |date=2019 |publisher=NYU Press |location=New York |isbn=9781583678466 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rGitDwAAQBAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111224/https://books.google.com/books?id=rGitDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Dick |title=Tankermen: A Seafarer's Recollections of a Life Afloat with "Shell" |date=1999 |publisher=Bernard Durnford Publishing |location=Bramber, West Sussex, UK |isbn=095356701X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Alc1PAAACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Alc1PAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |title=Fuelling Apartheid: Shell and the Military |date=1984 |publisher=Programme to Combat Racism, World Council of Churches; London: Christian concern for Southern Africa; Utrecht: Werkgroep Kairos |location=Geneva |oclc=494638741 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHQLnQEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111249/https://books.google.com/books?id=LHQLnQEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Yergin |first1=Daniel |author1-link=Daniel Yergin |title=The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power |date=1991 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0671502484}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Yergin |first1=Daniel |author1-link=Daniel Yergin |title=The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |isbn=9781594202834 |author-mask1=7}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Yeo |first=Ai Hoon |date=1988 |title=Enterprise in Oil: The History of Shell in Singapore, 1890-1960 |type=BA (Hons) thesis |publisher=National University of Singapore |docket= |oclc=982168866 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wB0EtAEACAAJ |access-date=10 January 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111242/https://books.google.com/books?id=wB0EtAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website}}

{{Finance links

|name = Royal Dutch Shell plc

|symbol = RDS.A

|sec_cik = 1306965

|hoovers = Royal_Dutch_Shell_plc.01e84f5552dabef3

}}

• {{OpenCorp}}
• {{Gutenberg author |id=1573|name=Shell Union Oil Corporation}}
• {{Internet Archive author |search=("Shell Union Oil Corporation" OR "Royal Dutch Shell")}}
• {{Librivox author |id=3062}}
• {{PM20|FID=co/019323|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

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