Snowdon#Use of Yr Wyddfa in English

File:Walter Crane King Arthur and the Giant Book I, Canto VIII.jpg battling a giant]]

The name "Snowdon" is first recorded in 1095 as Snawdune, and is derived from the Old English elements {{lang|ang|snaw}} and {{lang|ang|dun}}, meaning "snow hill".{{Cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Hywel Wyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vGxEAAAQBAJ |title=Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales |last2=Morgan |first2=Richard |date=2022-05-20 |publisher=Y Lolfa |isbn=978-1-80099-239-9 |page=443}}

The Welsh name of the mountain, {{lang|cy|Yr Wyddfa|italic=yes}}, is first recorded in Latin as {{lang|la|Weddua vaur|italic=yes}} in 1284. This is probably an approximation of {{lang|cy|Pen y Wyddfa Fawr|italic=yes}}. The element {{lang|cy|gwyddfa|italic=yes}} in this context means 'height, promontory', and also appears in the Welsh name for the town of Mold, {{lang|cy|Yr Wyddgrug|italic=yes}}.

{{lang|cy|Gwyddfa|italic=yes}} later developed the meaning "burial cairn", and there is a legend that the giant Rhita is buried under the mountain's summit cairn.{{Cite book |last=Academy |first=Welsh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P51iAAAAMAAJ&q=gwyddfa+rhita |title=The Oxford Companion to the Literature of Wales |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-211586-7}} One legend claims that Rhita was defeated and buried on the mountain by King Arthur, and another states that Rhita was killed by the giant Idris who lived on the mountain Cadair Idris.{{Cite book |last=Gwyndaf |first=Robin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApSEknvrLboC&dq=gwyddfa+rhita&pg=PA46 |title=Chwedlau Gwerin Cymru |date=1989 |publisher=National Museum Wales |isbn=978-0-7200-0326-0 |pages=46}}{{Cite book |last=Ellis |first=Peter Berresford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsgoAAAAYAAJ&q=gwyddfa+rhita |title=The Chronicles of the Celts: New Tellings of Their Myths and Legends |date=1999 |publisher=Robinson |isbn=978-1-85487-887-8}} The mountain is also linked to other figures from Arthurian legend, a legendary {{lang|cy|Afanc}} (water monster) and the {{lang|cy|Tylwyth Teg}} (fairies).{{harvnb|Marsh|1984}}

It has been argued that {{em|Mount}} Snowdon strictly refers to a higher mountain in British Columbia, Canada, with the Welsh mountain simply being "Snowdon".{{Cite web |date=2015-08-11 |title=Why it's Yr Wyddfa or Just Snowdon, NEVER M***T Snowdon! |url=https://www.walkupsnowdon.co.uk/why-its-yr-wyddfa-or-just-snowdon-never-mt-snowdon/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Walk up Snowdon}} However, the Welsh mountain has been referred to in some uses as "Mount Snowdon" or "Mt Snowdon".{{Cite web |last1=Walks |first1=Mountain |last2=Elston |first2=Jamie |date=2017-10-10 |title=Mount Snowdon – Snowdon, Snowdonia. Mount Snowdon Information |url=https://www.mountain-walks.co.uk/mount-snowdon/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Mountain Walks}}{{Cite web |last=Perrin |first=Jim |date=2013-08-23 |title=How to climb Mount Snowdon |url=http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/aug/23/how-to-climb-mount-snowdon |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Guardian|location=London}}

In November 2022, national park authority announced they are to refer to the mountain by its Welsh name Yr Wyddfa, not Snowdon. Following a two-year transition period, in November 2024, the authority announced the name would be kept following its success in gaining support and adoption by businesses and media.

File:Crib Goch - geograph.org.uk - 353320.jpg (foreground) and the pyramidal peak of Snowdon (background) are both the result of glaciation]]

A 1682 survey estimated that the summit of Snowdon was at an elevation of {{convert|3720|ft}}; in 1773, Thomas Pennant quoted a later estimate of {{convert|3568|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level at Caernarfon. It was long believed to be the tallest mountain on the island of Great Britain until measurements taken in the 18th century confirmed that Ben Nevis and several other Scottish peaks were taller. Recent surveys give the height of the summit as {{convert|1085|m|abbr=on}}, making Snowdon the highest mountain in Wales, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland.

The rocks which today make up Snowdon and its neighbouring mountains were formed in the Ordovician Period. At that time, most of modern-day Wales was near the edge of Avalonia, submerged beneath the ancient Iapetus Ocean.{{cite journal |first1=R. S. |last1=Thorpe |first2=P. T. |last2=Leat |first3=A. C. |last3=Mann |first4=M. F. |last4=Howells |first5=A. J. |last5=Reedman |first6=S. D. G. |last6=Campbell |year=1993 |title=Magmatic evolution of the Ordovician Snowdon Volcanic Centre, North Wales (UK) |journal=Journal of Petrology |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=711–741 |doi=10.1093/petrology/34.4.711|bibcode=1993JPet...34..711T }} In the Soudleyan (former British regional) stage ({{Ma|458|457}}) of the Caradoc (British regional) epoch, a volcanic caldera formed, and produced ash flows of rhyolitic tuff, which formed deposits up to {{convert|500|m}} thick.{{cite book |editor1-first=J. C. W. |editor-last=Cope |editor2-first=J. F. |editor2-last=Ingham |editor3-first=P. F. |editor3-last=Rawson |year=1992 |edition=2nd |title=Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies |publisher=Geological Society |isbn=978-1-86239-055-3 |chapter=Ordovician |pages=19–36 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0I6BNSgx3_cC&pg=PA30}} The current summit is near the northern edge of the ancient caldera; the caldera's full extent is unclear, but it extended as far as the summit of Moel Hebog in the south-west.{{cite journal |first1=A. J. |last1=Reedman |first2=T. B. |last2=Colman |first3=S. D. G. |last3=Campbell |first4=M. F. |last4=Howells |year=1985 |title=Volcanogenic mineralization related to the Snowdon Volcanic Group (Ordovician), Gwynedd, North Wales |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=142 |issue=5 |pages=875–888 |doi=10.1144/gsjgs.142.5.0875|bibcode=1985JGSoc.142..875R |s2cid=128875080 }}

Snowdon and its surrounding peaks have been described as "true examples of Alpine topography".{{cite book |last=Yates |first=R. A. |title=Wales: A Physical, Historical and Regional Geography |editor=Emrys G. Bowen |editor-link=Emrys G. Bowen |year=1957 |chapter=Physiographical evolution |pages=19–52 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA49 |publisher=Methuen}} The summits of Snowdon and Garnedd Ugain are surrounded by cwms, rounded valleys scooped out by glaciation.{{cite book |last=Gannon |first=Paul |year=2008 |title=Rock Trails Snowdonia: a Hillwalker's Guide to the Geology and Scenery |publisher=Pesda Press |isbn=978-1-906095-04-8 |chapter=The Glyderau and glaciation |pages=79–88 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rr5UJ4ycZ3AC&pg=PA79}} Erosion by glaciers in adjacent cwms caused the characteristic arêtes of Crib Goch, Crib y Ddysgl and Y Lliwedd, and the pyramidal peak of Snowdon itself.{{cite book |last=Waugh |first=David |year=2002 |title=Geography: an Integrated Approach |edition=3rd |publisher=Nelson Thornes |isbn=978-0-17-444706-1 |chapter=Glaciation |pages=102–129 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC&pg=PA115}} Other glacial landforms that can be seen around Snowdon include roches moutonnées, glacial erratics and moraines.{{cite book |last=Raine |first=Mike |editor=Mike Raine |year=2009 |title=Nature of Snowdonia |publisher=Pesda Press |isbn=978-1-906095-10-9 |chapter=Glaciation |pages=35–39 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uidTqo4bbaoC&pg=PA35 }}

In winter, Snowdon often has a covering of snow (giving rise to its English name).{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |year=2006 |title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7 |page=351 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA351}} Although the amount of snow on Snowdon in winter varies significantly, 55% less snow fell in 2004 than in 1994.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4112137.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Snow 'disappears' from Snowdon |date=20 December 2004}} The slopes of Snowdon have one of the wettest climates in Great Britain, receiving an annual average of more than {{convert|200|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}} of precipitation.{{cite book |last=Howe |first=G. Melvyn |chapter=Weather and climate |pages=53–94 |title=Wales: A Physical, Historical and Regional Geography |editor=Emrys G. Bowen |editor-link=Emrys G. Bowen |year=1957 |publisher=Methuen |series=Regional geography series |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA82}}

File:Lloydia serotina snowdon.jpg (the "Snowdon lily") grows on the cliffs of Snowdon]]

The environment of Snowdon, particularly its rare plants, has led to the designation of much of the eastern part of the massif as a national nature reserve.{{cite web |title=National Nature Reserves (NNR) |url=http://lle.gov.wales/catalogue/item/ProtectedSitesNationalNatureReserves/?lang=en |website=Lle |publisher=NRW/Welsh Government |access-date=19 September 2022}} In addition to plants that are widespread in Snowdonia, Snowdon is home to some plants rarely found elsewhere in Britain. These include the "Snowdon lily", Gagea serotina, which is also found in the Alps and in North America; it was first discovered in Wales by Edward Lhuyd, and the genus Lloydia (now included in Gagea) was later named in his honour by Richard Anthony Salisbury.{{cite book |last=Jones |first=David |year=2003 |title=Welsh Wildlife |publisher=Y Lolfa |isbn=978-0-86243-654-4 |chapter=Flowers |pages=11–34 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cglEQ0uArk0C&pg=PA23}} Snowdon lies in the northern part of Snowdonia National Park,{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Nick |last2=Phillips |first2=Adrian |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=The National Trust Book of the Countryside |publisher=Anova Books |isbn=978-1-905400-69-0 |chapter=Snowdonia |pages=350–353 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdLH727swN4C&pg=PA350}} which has also provided some legal protection since the park's establishment in 1951.{{cite web |title=National Park facts and figures |url=http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm |publisher=Association of National Park Authorities |access-date=6 December 2011 |archive-date=27 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173746/http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm |url-status=dead }}

Otters, polecats, and goats have been seen near or on the mountain,{{cite web|url=http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/news/goats-on-snowdon|title=Do Snowdon's goats speak Welsh or English?|website=llanberismountainrescue.co.uk|date=15 July 2020}} although pine martens have not been seen for many years.{{cite news|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/08/03/if-you-go-down-to-the-woods-today-you-might-find-an-endangered-pine-marten-91466-24300490/|title=If you go down to the woods today you might find an endangered pine marten|last=Turner|first=Robin|date=3 August 2009|publisher=WalesOnline}} Birds that can be seen include the raven, red-billed chough, peregrine, osprey, merlin, red kite and moorland birds.{{cite book|title=Nature of Snowdonia: A Beginner's Guide to the Upland Environment|publisher=Pesda Press|year=2009|first=Mike|last= Raine|isbn=9781906095109|pages=90–91}}

File:Llyn Llydaw - geograph.org.uk - 1236149.jpg, the largest and deepest lake on Snowdon's flanks, is crossed by a causeway at its eastern end]]

A number of lakes are found in the various cwms of the Snowdon range:

• Llyn Llydaw – {{convert|1430|ft|m|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|110|acre|ha|abbr=on}} – lies in Cwm Dyli, Snowdon's eastern cwm, and is one of Snowdonia's deepest lakes, at up to {{convert|190|ft|abbr=on}} deep. Various explanations of its name have been put forward, including {{Lang|cy|lludw}} ("ash"), from ashen deposits along the shore, to {{lang|cy|Llydaw}} ("Brittany").{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=179–181}} It contains evidence of a crannog settlement, and was the location of a {{convert|10|x|2|ft|m|adj=on|sigfig=1}} dugout canoe described in the Cambrian Journal in 1862. The lake is significantly coloured by washings from the copper mines nearby, and is used by the Cwm Dyli hydroelectric power station, which opened in 1906. The lake is crossed by a causeway, built in 1853 and raised in the 20th century to prevent the causeway from flooding frequently.{{cite book |last=Hermon |first=Peter |year=2006 |title=Hillwalking in Wales, Volume 2 |series=British Hills Series |edition=2nd |publisher=Cicerone Press |isbn=978-1-85284-468-4 |chapter=The Snowdon Range |pages=237–283}}
• Glaslyn – {{convert|1970|ft}} high, {{convert|18|acre}} – lies higher up Cwm Dyli than Llyn Llydaw.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=145–148}} It was originally called {{lang|cy|Llyn y Ffynnon Glas}}, and has a depth of {{convert|127|ft}}. For a long time, it was believed to be bottomless, and is also the location for various myths.
• Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas – {{convert|1430|ft}} high, {{convert|10|acre}} – lies in Cwm Treweunydd, Snowdon's north-western cwm, and is passed by the Snowdon Ranger path.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=131–132}} It was enlarged by damming for use as a reservoir for use by slate quarries, but the level has since been lowered, and the lake's volume reduced to {{convert|24000|m3}}.

Other lakes include: Llyn Du'r Arddu below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, at a height of {{convert|1901|ft}}, {{convert|5|acre}}; Llyn Teyrn near Pen-y-pass, at a height of {{convert|1237|ft}}, {{convert|5|acre}}; and several smaller pools.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995}} passim

Snowdon has been described as "the busiest mountain in Britain",{{cite web|url=http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/snowdon|title=Snowdon Information|website=Llanberis Mountain Rescue|access-date=30 June 2019|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228020210/http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/snowdon|url-status=dead}} with some 543,541 people having walked up the mountain in 2022.{{Cite web |title=Visitor Monitoring Figures – 2022: Yr Wyddfa, Ogwen & Idwal, Cader Idris and others |url=https://snowdonia.gov.wales/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Visitor-Monitoring-Report-2022.pdf |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=Eryri National Park |format=PDF}} There are six main walking paths, which can be combined in various ways.{{cite book |last=Rowland |first=E. G. |title=Ascent of Snowdon |series=British Hills Series |edition=5th |year=1975 |publisher=Cicerone Press |isbn=978-0-902363-13-7}} In addition, the circular walk starting and ending at {{lang|cy|Pen-y-Pass}} and using the {{lang|cy|Crib Goch}} route and the route over {{lang|cy|Y Lliwedd}}, both of which involve scrambling, is called the Snowdon Horseshoe, and is considered "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain". The routes are arranged here anticlockwise, starting with the path leading from Llanberis. In winter conditions, all these routes become significantly more dangerous and the Llanberis Mountain Rescue Team state that "additional skills, equipment and knowledge are required".{{cite web|url=http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/safety/winter-conditions|title=Winter Conditions|access-date=9 October 2016}} Many inexperienced walkers have been killed over the years attempting to climb the mountain via the main paths.{{cite book |last=Ashton |first=Steve |year=2002 |title=Ridges of Snowdonia |series=British Hills Series |edition=2nd |publisher=Cicerone Press |isbn=978-1-85284-350-2 |chapter=The Snowdon Group |pages=72–100 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10CqPLA9KQYC&pg=PA73}}

The mountain itself may also be viewed on takeoff and approach to both Manchester Airport and Liverpool John Lennon Airport on very clear days, and even from Howth Head in Dublin, Ireland.{{cite news |title='I was surprised by how clear it was' – Stunning photo of snowy Wales taken from Dublin |url=https://www.independent.ie/life/travel/travel-news/i-was-surprised-by-how-clear-it-was-stunning-photo-of-snowy-wales-taken-from-dublin-39969920.html |access-date=20 January 2021 |newspaper=The Independent}}

File:Snowdon summit queue on August 8 2020.jpg

On 26 June 2018, Sam Laming became the first ever Wingsuit pilot to perform a 'Proximity Flight' over a UK mountain, by flying approximately 30 metres over Snowdon's summit, after jumping from a helicopter with fellow wingsuit camera pilot, Mike Hitchcock.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-kent-44664719/wingsuit-flyer-in-snowdon-close-proximity-feat|title=Wingsuit flyer in Snowdon feat|publisher=BBC News}}

In 2021, John Harold, the director of the Snowdonia Society, reported that the number of visitors ascending Snowdon was exceeding capacity. At popular times walkers queue for upwards of 45 minutes for an opportunity to take a photo at the summit pillar.{{cite web |title=This is the worst Snowdon queuing I can remember |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-wales-58284171 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=23 August 2021 |date=23 August 2021}}

File:Clogwyn Du'r Arddu - geograph.org.uk - 837339.jpg
A rock climbing site]]

The Snowdon Massif includes a number of cliffs, and holds an important place in the history of rock climbing in the United Kingdom. Clogwyn Du'r Arddu is often colloquially known as 'Cloggy' among climbers, and was the site of the first recorded climb in Britain, in 1798. It was carried out by Peter Bailey Williams and William Bingley, while searching for rare plants. It is now considered to be one of the best cliffs in Britain for rock climbing.

Y Lliwedd was also explored by early climbers, and was the subject of a 1909 climbing guide, The Climbs on Lliwedd by J. M. A. Thompson and A. W. Andrews, one of the first in Britain. Snowdon was used by Edmund Hillary and his group during preparations for their successful 1953 expedition to climb Mount Everest.

File:SnowdonMap.svg
Legend
· grey: ridges
· red lines: paths
· orange lines: roads
· dotted grey line: Snowdon Mountain Railway]]

The first recorded ascent of Snowdon was by the botanist Thomas Johnson in 1639. However, the 18th-century Welsh historian Thomas Pennant mentions a "triumphal fair upon this our chief of mountains" following Edward I's conquest of Wales in 1284, which could indicate the possibility of earlier ascents.{{cite book |last=Pennant |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Pennant |title=A Tour in Wales |url=https://archive.org/details/b30416450_0002 |year=1778–1783}} Cited by {{harvnb|Marsh|1984}}

The six main paths were mapped by the Google Trekker in 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/trips-breaks/take-tour-snowdonia-google-street-10577102|title=Take a tour of Snowdonia – with Google Street View|first=Eryl|last=Crump|date=11 December 2015|access-date=9 October 2016}} The elevations and gradients given here are for the start point on a public road, based on Ordnance Survey mapping. Other definitions are possible so alternative figures can be found (e.g.{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitsnowdonia.info/snowdon-walking-routes|title=Snowdon – Your Ultimate Guide to the Six Walking Routes to the Summit {{!}} Visit Snowdonia|website=visitsnowdonia.info|access-date=2020-04-26}}).

File:Profiles of main routes up Snowdon.png

Length: {{convert|6.8|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|965|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Overall gradient: 1 in 7.1 (14.1%).

The Llanberis Path is the longest route to the summit. It follows close to the line of the railway, and being the easiest ascent, it is the route used by the annual Snowdon Race,{{cite web |url=http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=1&folder=1 |title=Race route |publisher=Snowdon Race |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309222543/http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=1&folder=1 |archive-date=9 March 2012 }} which has a record time of less than 40 minutes recorded from the start to the summit.{{cite web |url=http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=12&folder=4 |title=Race records |publisher=Snowdon Race |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309222552/http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=12&folder=4 |archive-date=9 March 2012 }}

The section of the Llanberis Path above Clogwyn station has long been called the "Killer Convex"; in icy conditions, this convex slope can send unwary walkers over the cliffs of Clogwyn Du'r Arddu. Four people died there in February 2009.{{cite news |title=Walker's mountain hike 'madness' |publisher=BBC News |date=30 July 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8177483.stm}}{{cite news |last=Geldard |first=Jack |url=http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=1653 |title=Editorial: Recent Deaths on Snowdon |date=February 2009 |access-date=29 April 2011 |publisher=UK Climbing}}

File:Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas from Moel Gynghorion - geograph.org.uk - 1780520.jpg

Length: {{convert|6.3|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|935|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Overall gradient: 1 in 6.7 (14.9%).

The Snowdon Ranger Path ({{langx|cy|Llwybr Cwellyn}}) begins at the youth hostel beside Llyn Cwellyn, to the west of the mountain, served by the A4085 and Snowdon Ranger railway station. This was formerly the Saracen's Head Inn, but was renamed under the ownership of the mountain guide John Morton.{{cite web |last=Jones |first=G. Lindsay |year=2009 |title=The Capel Curig Footpaths up Snowdon: a Brief History |url=http://www.snowdonia-society.org.uk/uploads/docs/Snowdon_Paths_History.pdf |access-date=20 April 2011 |publisher=Snowdonia Society |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721110950/http://www.snowdonia-society.org.uk/uploads/docs/Snowdon_Paths_History.pdf |url-status=dead }} It is thought to be the oldest path to the summit.

The route begins with zigzags through turf, before reaching a flatter boggy area in front of Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas. The path then climbs to Bwlch Cwm Brwynog, and then snakes along the ridge above Clogwyn Du'r Arddu towards the summit. This path meets the railway, the Llanberis Path, the Crib Goch path, and the combined Pyg Track and Miners' Track all within a short distance, just below the summit.

Length: {{convert|5.8|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|905|m|ft|abbr=on}} or {{convert|896|m|ft|abbr=on}}{{Cite web|url=https://positivelynorthwales.com/2017/05/25/the-main-paths-to-the-top-of-snowdon/|title=The Main Paths to the Top of Snowdon|date=25 May 2017}} depending on exact start point. Overall gradient: 1 in 6.4 (15.7%).

The Rhyd Ddu path, formerly called the Beddgelert Path, leads from the village of Rhyd Ddu, west of Snowdon, gently up on to Llechog, a broad ridge dropping west from the summit. It is considered one of the easier routes to the summit, with the advantage that the summit is visible from the start, but is one of the least used routes.{{harvnb|Marsh|2010|pp=29–32}} It climbs at a shallow gradient to Bwlch Main, shortly southwest of the summit, from where it climbs more steeply, meeting up with the Watkin Path at a site marked with a large standing stone a few hundred metres from the summit. An alternative start begins at Pitt's Head on the A4085 road.

File:Plascwmllan and the Gladstone Rock - geograph.org.uk - 1286451.jpg

Length: {{convert|6.2|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|1025|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Overall gradient: 1 in 6.1 (16.5%).

The Watkin Path is "the most demanding route direct to the summit of Snowdon",{{harvnb|Marsh|2010|pp=33–36}} since it starts at the lowest elevation of any of the main routes and has the steepest overall gradient. It was first conceived by Sir Edward Watkin, a railway owner who had attempted to build a railway tunnel under the English Channel, and had a summer home in Nant Gwynant near the start of the path.{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=David |year=2005 |title=The Companion Guide to Wales |publisher=Companion Guides |isbn=978-1-900639-43-9 |chapter=Caernarfonshire: Eifionydd; Llŷn; Arfon |pages=279–315}} It was originally designed as a donkey track and opened in 1892.

The start of the Watkin Path has been described as "the prettiest beginning" of the routes up Snowdon. It begins at Bethania on the A498 and climbs initially through old broadleaved woodland. After leaving the woods, the path climbs past the waterfalls of the Afon Llan to the glacial cirque of Cwm Llan, crossing a disused incline from an abandoned slate quarry. It then reaches Plas Cwmllan, formerly the home of the quarry manager for the South Snowdon Slate Works beyond, and later used for target practice by commandos during the Second World War. Near Plas Cwmllan is the large boulder known as Gladstone Rock, which bears a plaque commemorating a speech given in 1892 by William Ewart Gladstone, the then 82-year-old Prime Minister, on the subject of Justice for Wales. The slate workings in Cwm Llan were opened in 1840, but closed in 1882 due to the expense of transporting the slate to the sea at Porthmadog. Various buildings, including barracks and dressing sheds, remain.

From the slate quarries, the Watkin Path veers to the north-east to reach Bwlch Ciliau, the col between Snowdon and Y Lliwedd, which is marked by a large orange-brown cairn. From here, it heads west to meet the Rhyd Ddu Path at a standing stone shortly below the summit of Snowdon.

File:View towards Y Lliwedd from the summit of Yr Wyddfa-Snowdon - geograph.org.uk - 702192.jpg In early spring]]

Length: {{convert|6.4|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.

The route over Y Lliwedd is more frequently used for descent than ascent, and forms the second half of the Snowdon Horseshoe walk, the ascent being over Crib Goch. It is reached from the summit by following the Watkin Path down to Bwlch y Saethau, and then continuing along the ridge to the twin summits of Y Lliwedd. The path then drops down to Cwm Dyli to join the Miners' Track towards Pen-y-Pass.

File:Crib Goch, Pyg track, Miners track, taken from Yr Wyddfa Snowdon - geograph.org.uk - 1524971.jpg

Length: {{convert|6.6|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|726|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Overall gradient: 1 in 9.1 (10.9%).

The Miners' Track ({{langx|cy|Llwybr y Mwynwyr}}) begins at the car park at Pen-y-Pass, at an elevation of around {{convert|360|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and has the shallowest overall gradient. It begins by skirting Llyn Teyrn before climbing slightly to cross the causeway over Llyn Llydaw. It follows the lake's shoreline before climbing to Glaslyn, from where it ascends steeply towards Bwlch Glas. It is joined for most of this zigzag ascent by the Pyg Track, and on reaching the summit ridge, is united with the Llanberis Path and Snowdon Ranger Path. Derelict mine buildings are encountered along several parts of the path.

File:Pyg Track Snowdon.jpg

Length: {{convert|5.3|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. Elevation gain: {{convert|726|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Overall gradient: 1 in 7.3 (13.7%).

The "Pyg Track" ({{langx|cy|Llwybr Pyg}}), or "Pig Track" (both spellings may be encountered), also leads from Pen-y-Pass. The track climbs over Bwlch y Moch on the eastern flanks of Crib Goch, before traversing that ridge's lower slopes. Above Glaslyn, it is joined by the Miners' Track for the zigzag climb to Bwlch Glas between Snowdon and Garnedd Ugain, where it joins the combined Llanberis and Snowdon Ranger paths.

From the website of the Snowdonia National Park Authority,

{{Blockquote|Nobody knows for certain why this path is called the Pyg Track. It's possible that it was named after the pass it leads through, {{lang|cy|Bwlch y Moch}} (translated Pigs' Pass) as the path is sometimes spelled 'Pig Track'. Or, maybe because it was used to carry '{{lang|cy|pyg}}' (black tar) to the copper mines on Snowdon. Another possible explanation is that the path was named after the nearby Pen y Gwryd Hotel, popular amongst the early mountain walkers.|Snowdonia National Park Authority{{cite web |url=http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/visiting/walking/Hard-Mountain-Walks/PYG-Track |title=PYG Track |year=2005 |publisher=Snowdonia National Park Authority |access-date=23 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613181320/http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/visiting/walking/Hard-Mountain-Walks/PYG-Track |archive-date=13 June 2013 }}}}

Length: {{Convert|5.0|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.

The traverse of {{lang|cy|Crib Goch}} has been described as "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain", and forms part of the Snowdon Horseshoe, a circuit of the peaks surrounding Cwm Dyli. The path follows the Pyg Track before separating off from it at {{lang|cy|Bwlch y Moch}} and leading up the East ridge of Crib Goch. After the Crib Goch ridge, it descends slightly to Bwlch Coch, then ascends to the peak of Garnedd Ugain ({{convert|1065|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}), before dropping to join the Llanberis path. All routes which tackle Crib Goch are considered mountaineering routes or scrambles.{{cite book|last=Ashton|first=Steve|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujrf-jRaVFQC&pg=PA115|title=Scrambles in Snowdonia|publisher=Cicerone Press|year=1992|isbn=978-1-85284-088-4|edition=2nd|pages=115–118|chapter=Crib Goch (923 m)}}

{{main|Snowdon Mountain Railway}}

File:TrainatSnowdonSummit.jpg]]

The Snowdon Mountain Railway (SMR) ({{langx|cy|Rheilffordd yr Wyddfa}}) is a narrow-gauge rack-and-pinion mountain railway that travels for {{convert|4+3/4|mi|km|1}} from Llanberis to the Summit station of Snowdon.{{cite book |last=Nabarro |first=Gerald |author-link=Gerald Nabarro |year=1972 |title=Steam Nostalgia: Locomotive and Railway Preservation in Great Britain |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7100-7391-4 |chapter=Snowdon Mountain Railway |pages=191–195 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5E9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA191}} It is the only public rack and pinion railway in the United Kingdom,{{cite book |last1=Berry |first1=Oliver |last2=Else |first2=David |last3=Atkinson |first3=David |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=Discover Great Britain |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74179-993-4 |page=272 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8qi9lWrrbYC&pg=PA272}} and after more than 100 years of operation it remains a popular tourist attraction, carrying more than 130,000 passengers annually.{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/visitor-numbers-rise-board-snowdon-8090238 |work=Daily Post |date=11 November 2014 |title=Visitor numbers rise on board Snowdon Mountain Railway |author=Laura Swire}} Single carriage trains are pushed up the mountain by either steam locomotives or diesel locomotives. It has also previously used diesel railcars as multiple units. The railway was constructed between December 1894, when the first sod was cut by Enid Assheton-Smith (after whom locomotive No.2 was named), and February 1896, at a total cost of £63,800 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|63800|1896|{{Inflation/year|UK}}|r=-3}}}} as of {{Inflation/year|UK}}).{{Inflation/fn|UK|df=y}}

{{Infobox building

| name = Hafod Eryri

| image = Hafod Eryri No 1.jpg

| image_alt = Hafod Eryri, built in 2009

| image_size = 250px

| caption = Hafod Eryri (2009)

| altitude = 1,065 m (3,494 ft)

| cost = £8.4m

| address = via Snowdon Mountain Railway, Llanberis, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL55 4TY

| coordinates = {{coord|53.068865|-4.075588|type:mountain_region:GB}}

| opened_date = 12 June 2009

| architecture_firm = Ray Hole Architects

| structural_engineer = Arup

| main_contractor = Carillion

| awards = RIBA Welsh Architecture Award 2010

| website = [http://www.snowdonrailway.co.uk/pages/summit-visitor-centre Hafod Eryri Visitor Centre]

}}

The first building to be erected at the Snowdon summit was in 1838 to sell refreshments, and a licence to sell intoxicating liquor was granted in 1845. Very basic accommodation was also provided for visitors.{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Peter |title=An Illustrated History of the Snowdon Mountain Railway |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-86093-631-2}} When the Snowdon Mountain Railway was opened in 1896, the company strove to get an alcohol licence for its own proposed new hotel, but being unable to, took over both summit huts by 1898.

During the 1930s, many complaints were received about the state of the facilities at the summit and in 1934/5 a new station building was erected in two phases; the upstairs accommodation was completed in 1937. It was designed by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis and included rooms for visitors and a cafe. The other operators were bought out and the ramshackle collection of buildings on the summit was cleared. The flat roof was intended to be used as a viewing platform and some photographs show it being used in this way. However, other photographs taken of the cafe show that the roof leaked, which probably explains why the practice was stopped. The Summit was taken over by government agencies during the war and the accommodation was restricted to staff use afterwards. Having become increasingly dilapidated in post-war decades, this building was described by Prince Charles as "the highest slum in Wales".{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/makeover-for-highest--slum-in-wales-1690633.html |title=Makeover for 'highest slum in Wales' |newspaper=The Independent|location=London |date=26 May 2009 |access-date=13 April 2011 }} Its state led to a campaign to replace the building. In April 2006, Snowdonia National Park Authority, with the support of the Snowdonia Society, agreed a deal to start work on a new cafe and visitor centre complex.{{cite news|url=http://icnorthwales.icnetwork.co.uk/news/regionalnews/tm_objectid=16911781&method=full&siteid=50142&headline=snowdon-centre-deal-agreed--name_page.html|title=Snowdon centre deal agreed|work = North Wales Daily Post|date=6 April 2006}} By mid-October 2006 the old building had been largely demolished.

The new RIBA Award-winning{{cite news |url=http://www.architecture.com/RegionsAndInternational/UKNationsAndRegions/Wales/Awards/RIBA%20Awards.aspx |title=RIBA Awards 2010 |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects |date=20 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310122544/http://www.architecture.com/RegionsAndInternational/UKNationsAndRegions/Wales/Awards/RIBA%20Awards.aspx |archive-date=10 March 2012 }} £8.4 million visitor centre, {{lang|cy|Hafod Eryri}}, designed by Ray Hole Architects in conjunction with Arup and built by Carillion, was officially opened on 12 June 2009{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/8095531.stm |title=£8.4m Snowdon summit cafe opens |publisher=BBC News |date=12 June 2009}} by First Minister Rhodri Morgan.{{cite news |last=Ford |first=Stephen |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/summit-cafe-snowdon-opened-first-minister-rhodri-morgan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729092403/http://www.demotix.com/news/summit-cafe-snowdon-opened-first-minister-rhodri-morgan |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2012 |title=Summit cafe on Snowdon opened by First Minister Rhodri Morgan |publisher=Demotix |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=28 April 2011 }} The Welsh National Poet, Gwyn Thomas, composed a new couplet for the new building, displayed at its entrance and on the windows, which reads "{{lang|cy|Copa'r Wyddfa: yr ydych chwi, yma, Yn nes at y nefoedd}} / The summit of Snowdon: You are, here, nearer to Heaven".{{cite news |last=Dube |first=Steve |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/countryside-farming-news/countryside-news/2010/06/15/snowdon-summit-centre-hits-the-peak-of-success-91466-26650951/ |title=Snowdon summit centre hits the peak of success |date=15 June 2010 |access-date=28 April 2011 |publisher=Western Mail}} The name Hafod Eryri was chosen from several hundred put forward after a competition was held by the BBC.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/6173519.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Snowdon visitors' centre is named |date=13 December 2006 |access-date=28 April 2011}}{{cite web |last=Turner |first=John S. |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1489814 |title=SH6054 : Inscriptions on Hafod Eryri on Yr Wyddfa – in the sun |publisher=Geograph Britain and Ireland |access-date=28 April 2011 |date=15 September 2009}} {{lang|cy|Hafod}} is Welsh for an upland summer residence, while {{lang|cy|Eryri}} is the Welsh name for Snowdonia.

The summit pillar was built in 2001, the brass toposcope carrying the date 2000. This plate details exactly 100 locations—mostly other peaks—which can be seen, given ideal visibility. Of the locations mentioned, Mount Leinster (in the Blackstairs Mountains in Ireland) is the furthest, at 188 miles away, with the Wicklow Mountains (also in Ireland) being 100 miles away. Slieve Donard, in Northern Ireland, is 108 miles away. The Lake District is 100 miles away, Penmaen Dewi (St David's Head in Pembrokeshire) is 96 miles away, Kinder Scout (in the Peak District) is 94 miles away, and the Isle of Man is 84 miles away.

Originally Snowdon and its summit were owned by three agricultural estates, Vaynol, Hafod y Llan and the Baron Hill Estate. Today the Vaynol land at the summit is owned by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, Hafod y Llan by the National Trust and the Baron Hill Estate retains its holding.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-27294829 |publisher=BBC News |title=Blencathra sale: Who owns Britain's mountains? |date=8 May 2014}} The Baron Hill Estate land consists of the farm of Gwastadannas, which includes the Snowdon Horseshoe, Glaslyn, Llyn Llydaw and the northern end of Nant Gwynant.

File:Bedivere.jpg threw Excalibur into a lake identified by some as Glaslyn on the slopes of Snowdon.]]

In Welsh folklore, the summit of Snowdon is said to be the tomb of Rhitta Gawr, a giant. This is claimed to be the reason for the Welsh name Yr Wyddfa, literally meaning "the tumulus".{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/fun/welsh/LexiconForms.html |title=Welsh-English Lexicon |publisher=Cardiff University |access-date=1 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025095420/http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/fun/welsh/LexiconForms.html |archive-date=25 October 2007 }} Rhitta Gawr wore a cloak made of men's beards, and was slain by King Arthur after claiming Arthur's beard. Other sites with Arthurian connections include Bwlch y Saethau, on the ridge between Snowdon and Y Lliwedd, where Arthur himself is said to have died. A cairn, Carnedd Arthur, was erected at the site and was still standing as late as 1850, but no longer exists. According to the folklore, Arthur had Bedivere throw his sword Excalibur into Glaslyn, where Arthur's body was later placed in a boat to be carried away to Afallon. Arthur's men then retreated to a cave on the slopes of Y Lliwedd, where they are said to sleep until such time as they are needed.{{harvnb|Marsh|2010|pp=25–28}} Merlin is supposed to have hidden the golden throne of Britain among the cliffs north of Crib y Ddysgl when the Saxons invaded.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=143–145}}

Glaslyn was also the final resting place of a water monster, known as an {{lang|cy|afanc}} (also the Welsh word for beaver), which had plagued the people of the Conwy valley. They tempted the monster out of the water with a young girl, before securing it with chains and dragging it to Glaslyn. A large stone known as Maen Du'r Arddu, below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, is supposed to have magical powers. Like several other sites in Wales, it is said that if two people spend the night there, one will become a great poet while the other will become insane.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=100–101}} Llyn Coch in Cwm Clogwyn has been associated with the Tylwyth Teg (fairies), including a version of the fairy bride legend.{{harvnb|Roberts|1995|pp=38–39}}

In 1968, scenes representing the Khyber Pass were filmed for Carry On... Up the Khyber on the lower part of the Watkin Path.{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/snowdon-became-khyber-path-carry-10953985|title=When Snowdon became Khyber Pass for Carry On film|first=Mari|last=Jones|date=12 March 2016|website=North Wales Live}} In 2005, Angela Douglas, one of the stars of the film, unveiled a plaque at the precise location where filming took place to commemorate the location filming. It now forms part of the North Wales Film and Television Trail run by the Wales Screen Commission.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4296396.stm |title=Carry on plaque unveiled |publisher=BBC News |date=30 September 2005}}

File:Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg - Snowdon from Capel Curig - Google Art Project.jpg|Snowdon from Capel Curig by Philip James de Loutherbourg, 1787

(Barcelona) Snowdon and Dinas Emrys from above Beddgelert - William Turner - Tate Britain.jpg|Snowdon and Dinas Emrys from Above Beddgelert – William Turner – Tate Britain

In January and February 2009 on Snowdon there were four people who died and three of these four deaths were related to people falling.{{Cite news|url=https://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2009/02/11/fourth-man-dies-on-snowdon?printview=1|title=Fourth man dies on Snowdon|last=Smith|first=Bob|date=11 February 2009|work=Grough|access-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709074338/https://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2009/02/11/fourth-man-dies-on-snowdon?printview=1|archive-date=9 July 2022}} In 2021 there were four people who died on Snowdon.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/04/lake-district-mountain-rescue-warning-weather-forecast|title=Lake District mountain rescue warning after 'chaotic' festive period|last=Halliday|first=Josh|date=4 January 2022|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709075005/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/04/lake-district-mountain-rescue-warning-weather-forecast|archive-date=9 July 2022}}

In 2021 two people were injured and taken to hospital after being struck by lightning on top of Snowdon.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/29/two-women-struck-by-lightning-on-summit-of-snowdon |title=Two women struck by lightning on summit of Snowdon|date=29 July 2021|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709081017/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/29/two-women-struck-by-lightning-on-summit-of-snowdon |archive-date=9 July 2022}}

In April 2021 a motion was put forward by Gwynedd Councillor John Pughe Roberts for Snowdon to be called by its Welsh name Yr Wyddfa in all official use, and for Snowdonia to similarly be known only as Eryri. The motion, however, was rejected as the National Park already had a task group looking at the use and retention of Welsh names. An earlier petition calling for the National Park Authority to do this had been rejected by the Senedd the previous year after it was found to be the responsibility of the park itself, rather than the Welsh Government.{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Steven |date=29 April 2021 |title=Yr Wyddfa: push for Snowdon to be known only by Welsh name |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/29/yr-wyddfa-calls-snowdon-known-only-by-welsh-name |access-date=29 April 2021 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}

In May 2021, following the dismissal of the motion, YouGov conducted a poll on Snowdon's name. Sixty per cent of Welsh adults supported the English name Snowdon, compared to 30% wanting the Welsh name {{lang|cy|Yr Wyddfa}}. Separating by language, 59% of Welsh speakers preferred the Welsh name, while 37% wanted Snowdon to not be scrapped entirely; 69% of non-Welsh speakers firmly supported Snowdon as the mountain's name.{{Cite web |date=2021-05-18 |title=Poll: Majority want Wales' highest peak to be referred to as Snowdon not Yr Wyddfa |url=https://nation.cymru/news/poll-majority-want-wales-highest-peak-to-be-referred-to-as-snowdon-not-yr-wyddfa/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Nation.Cymru}}

In November 2022, Snowdonia National Park Authority voted to use Yr Wyddfa and Eryri (rather than Snowdon and Snowdonia) in its usage,{{Cite news |date=2022-11-16 |title=Snowdon: Park to use mountain's Welsh name Yr Wyddfa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-63649930 |publisher=BBC News}} though in statutory documents both Welsh and English will still be required by law.{{Cite web |last=G |first=Ioan |date=16 November 2022 |title=Paper on Place Names Principles approved in order to safeguard and celebrate Welsh place names within the National Park |url=https://snowdonia.gov.wales/paper-on-place-names-principles-approved-in-order-to-safeguard-and-celebrate-welsh-place-names-within-the-national-park/}}

In November 2024, the authority stated that the name change had been a "success" as many businesses and media had followed suit. The authority stated that a summer survey showed "strong support" from locals and visitors for the name change. While some concerns were raised over misconceptions by some that the Welsh names were new and mispronunciations, the authority stated that the change resulted in the park being more associated with a Welsh identity, and more different from other UK national parks. The authority is set to make a pronunciation guide and publish a report on the change.{{Cite web |title=Yr Wyddfa: National park to continue using Welsh name for Snowdon |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvz1k23zlwo |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}

{{Portal|Wales|Mountains}}

• Ben Nevis
• Mountains and hills of Scotland
• Scafell Pike
• Slate industry in Wales

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book |first=Terry |last=Marsh |title=The Summits of Snowdonia |publisher=Robert Hale Publishing |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7090-1456-0 |chapter=Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon) |pages=178–183}}
• {{cite book |first=Terry |last=Marsh |year=2010 |title=Great Mountain Days in Snowdonia |publisher=Cicerone Press |isbn=978-1-85284-581-0}}
• {{cite book |first=Geraint |last=Roberts |year=1995 |title=The Lakes of Eryri |publisher=Gwasg Carreg Gwalch |isbn=978-0-86381-338-2}}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category|Snowdon}}

• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Snowdon |volume=25 |short=x}}
• [https://www.google.co.uk/intl/en-GB/streetview/#snowdonia-national-park The main ascent routes on Google Streetview (as mapped by Trekker)]
• Computer-generated virtual panoramas from Snowdon^{[http://viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas.html#longlinesbrit 1]}: [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/Snowdon-N.gif north] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215172223/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/SNOWDON-N.gif |date=15 December 2021 }}; [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/Snowdon-S.gif south] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215172154/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/WAL/SNOWDON-S.gif |date=15 December 2021 }}
• Free printable contour map of Snowdon and the routes up [http://www.walkeryri.org.uk/Routes/wyddfa10.html download map]
• [https://snowdoninfo.com/ SnowdonInfo, a comprehensive information site]

{{Welsh3000|R.1}}

{{Seven Wonders of Wales}}

{{Highest mountains of the United Kingdom}}

{{P600 mountains in Britain and Ireland}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Beddgelert

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