Sunda pygmy woodpecker
{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Female Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker.jpg|
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Yungipicus
| species = moluccensis
| authority = (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
| synonyms = Picoides moluccensis
Dendrocopos moluccensis}}
The Sunda pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus moluccensis), also known as the Sunda woodpecker, is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Some taxonomic authorities continue to place this species in the genus Dendrocopos or Picoides.
Taxonomy
The Sunda pygmy woodpecker was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other woodpeckers in the genus Picus and coined the binomial name Picus moluccensis.{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1788 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 1 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=439 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2897039 }} Gmelin based his description on "Le petit épeiche brun des Moluques" that had been described in 1780 by the French polymath Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1780 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=7 | location=Paris | publisher=De l'Imprimerie Royale | page=68 | chapter=Le petit épeiche brun des Moluques | language=French | chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1069720s/f98.item }}{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Petit pic des Moluques | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=8 | location=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 748, Fig. 2 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35218391 }} The locality was originally specified as the Maluku Islands. This was an error and has been corrected to the state of Malacca in Malaysia.{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1948 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=6 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=203 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477636 }} The Sunda pygmy woodpecker is now one of seven species placed in the genus Yungipicus that was introduced in 1854 by Charles Lucien Bonaparte.{{ cite book | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1854 | chapter=Quadro dei volucri zigodattili ossia passeri a piedi scansori | language=it | editor1-last=de Luca | editor1-first=Serafino | editor2-last=Müller | editor2-first=D. | title=L'Ateneo Italiano; raccolta di documenti e memorie relative al progresso delle scienze fisiche | volume=2 | location=Parigi [Paris] | publisher=Victor Masson | pages=116–129 [123] | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BR1pAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA123 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Woodpeckers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/woodpeckers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=18 February 2023 }}
Two subspecies are recognised:
- Y. m. moluccensis (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – Malay Peninsula to Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Islands (east of central Sumatra), Bangka and Belitung (east of south Sumatra), Java and Bali
- Y. m. grandis Hargitt, 1882 – Lombok to Alor Island (west, central Lesser Sunda Islands)
Description
This is a small woodpecker with an overall length of around {{cvt|13|cm}}. It has a greyish brown capped head, dark brown ear covers with two rather broad whitish grey bands narrowing towards neck. Upper parts greyish brown with white wings tipped with white thus appearing striped. Tail short and blackish with white bands. Lores and throat white leading into dirty white underparts. Upper breast streaked with brown reducing towards vent. Whitish underwing coverts with pale brown. Sexes dimorphic. Males have a reddish orange crown which is absent in females.{{cite journal | last1=Winkler | first1=H. | last2=Christie | first2=D.A. | year=2021 | title=Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker (Yungipicus moluccensis), version 1.1 | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | journal=Birds of the World | location=Ithaca, NY, USA | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | doi=10.2173/bow.bncwoo2.01.1 }}
Distribution and habitat
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.Robson, Craig, and Richard Allen. New Holland field guide to the birds of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers, 2005.
Behaviour and ecology
References
{{Reflist}}
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Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
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