Tatarstan#Present-day

{{further|Tatars|Tartary}}

"Tatarstan" derives from the name of the ethnic group—the Tatars—and the Persian suffix -stan (meaning "state" or "country" of, an ending common to many Eurasian countries). Another version of the Russian name is "{{lang|ru|Татария}}" ({{lang|ru-Latn|Tatariya}}), which was official along with "Tatar ASSR" during Soviet rule.

Correct spelling of the Persian -stan as a suffix would use i/e after a consonant. Turkish spells Tatarstan as "Tataristan", and occasionally in Tatar, it is "Tatarıstan" (Татарыстан).{{Cite web |title=Tataristan Cumhuriyeti – Tikaret |url=https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5bcc5d4813b876034cfece26/Tataristan_2023.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Татарыстан – туган жирем минем |url=https://stihi.ru/2012/04/01/10759}}{{Cite web |title=ستان |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes |website=A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary| date=1892 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212228/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&searchhws=yes | archive-date=28 October 2020 }}

File:Tatar03.png

The republic is located in the center of the East European Plain, approximately {{convert|800|km|sp=}} east of Moscow. It lies between the Volga River and the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural Mountains.

Oak is the dominant tree species on 87% of the total area, followed by aspen, linden, birch, and Scots pine. The total forest cover has decreased from 51.2% to 17.1% over the last 300 years.

The Volga-Kama Nature Reserve is situated in Tatarstan.

• Neighbours: Kirov Oblast (N), Udmurt Republic (N/NE), Republic of Bashkortostan (E/SE), Orenburg Oblast (SE), Samara Oblast (S), Ulyanovsk Oblast (S/SW), Chuvash Republic (W), Mari El Republic (W/NW).
• Highest point: {{convert|381|m|ft|abbr=on}}
• Maximum N–S distance: {{convert|290|km|abbr=on}}
• Maximum E–W distance: {{convert|460|km|abbr=on}}

File:Volga steep Tatarstan.jpg at the confluence with the Kama River]]

File:Kama yelabuga.jpg]]

File:Sviyazhsk Rozhdestvenskaya Street and pier 08-2016 img1.jpg, located at the confluence of the Volga and Sviyaga rivers]]

Major rivers include:

• Azevka River
• Belaya River
• Ik River
• Kama River
• Volga River
• Vyatka River
• Kazanka River
• Zay River

Major reservoirs of the republic include:

• Kuybyshev Reservoir
• Lower Kama Reservoir
• Zainsk Reservoir

The biggest lake is Kaban. The biggest swamp is Kulyagash.

• Bugulma-Belebey Upland
• Volga Upland
• Vyatskiye Uvaly

• Ulema basin{{Cite journal |last1=Medvedeva |first1=R. A. |last2=Golosov |first2=V. N. |last3=Ermolaev |first3=O. P. |date=2018 |title=Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Gully Erosion in the Zone of Intensive Agriculture in the European Part of Russia |url=https://mcgill.on.worldcat.org/oclc/7920186140 |journal=Geography and Natural Resources |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=204–211 |doi=10.1134/S1875372818030034 |bibcode=2018GNR....39..204M |s2cid=133846024 |issn=1875-3728}}
• Mesha basin

The major natural resources of Tatarstan include oil, natural gas and gypsum. It is estimated that the republic has over one billion tons of oil deposits.

• Average January temperature: {{convert|-15|C}}
• Average July temperature: {{convert|+18|C}}
• Average annual temperature: +{{convert|4|C}}
• Average annual precipitation: up to {{convert|500|to|550|mm|abbr=on}}

{{Main|Administrative divisions of the Republic of Tatarstan}}

Tatarstan's administrative and territorial divisions form 43 municipal districts and 2 urban districts (Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny), as well as 39 urban settlements and 872 rural settlements.

The republic also recognises cities of republican significance, the list of which is established by the [https://tatarstan.ru/file/old/html/Constitution%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Tatarstan.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan]. The districts consist of cities of district significance, urban-type settlements and rural settlements with subordinate territories that make up the primary level in the system of administrative-territorial structure of the Republic. Cities of national significance can be geographically divided into districts in the city.

{{Main|History of Tatarstan}}

{{More citations needed section|date=February 2011}}

{{History of Tatarstan}}

{{further|Turco-Mongols|Great Tartary}}The earliest known organised state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700–1238). The Volga Bulgars had an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia, the Middle East, and the Baltic, which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars, the Kievan Rus, and the Cuman-Kipchaks. Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan's journey in 922.

File:Bolgar archeological works.jpeg]]

Volga Bulgaria finally fell to the armies of the Mongol prince Batu Khan in the late 1230s (see Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria). The inhabitants, a large amount of them killed and the rest mixing with the Golden Horde's Kipchaks, became known as the Volga Tatars. In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital having been established in Kazan, {{Convert|170|km||abbr=on}} up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars.

The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. A large number of Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and were culturally Russified.{{cite journal |last1=DERRICK |first1=MATTHEW A. |title=TERRITORY AND THE CHANGING SHAPE OF TATAR ISLAM IN TSARIST AND SOVIET RUSSIA {{!}} MATTHEW A. DERRICK {{!}} IJORS International Journal of Russian Studies |website=www.ijors.net |url=https://www.ijors.net/issue2_1_2013/articles/derrick.html}} Cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine the Great. The first mosque to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766–1770.

File:Black chamber.jpg

In the 19th century, Tatarstan became a centre of Jadidism, an Islamic movement that preached tolerance of other religions. Under the influence of local Jadidist theologians, the Bulgars were renowned for their friendly relations with other peoples of the Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolution, religion was largely outlawed and all theologians were repressed.

{{further|Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Idel-Ural State}}

During the Civil War of 1918–1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the Idel-Ural State, Idel being the name of the Volga in Tatar) along with the neighbouring Bashkirs. Initially supported by the Bolsheviks, the state existed up until March 1918, when high-ranking members of its parliament were arrested by the Bolsheviks (who had turned on the state and denounced it as bourgeois) before the official declaration of its constitution. The Soviets later set up the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was established on 27 May 1920. The boundaries of the republic did not include a majority of the Volga Tatars. The Tatar Union of the Godless were persecuted in Joseph Stalin's 1928 purges.

File:Левое крыло Белой мечети.jpg

A famine occurred in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921–1922 as a result of the policy of war communism. The famine deaths of between 500,000 and 2 million Tatars in the Tatar ASSR and in the Volga-Ural region in 1921–1922 was catastrophic as half of the Volga Tatar population in the USSR died.

Starting in the 1960s, schools opened in Tatarstan that taught Russian as an official second language, as it was necessary in order to individually advance in the broader Soviet society. By the 1980s, few schools still taught the Tatar language.{{Cite book |last=Suleymanova |first=Dilyara |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/2373856 |title=Pedagogies of culture: schooling and identity in post-Soviet Tatarstan, Russia |date=2020 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-030-27245-6 |series=Anthropological Studies of Education Ser |location=Cham |language=English}}

File:Dmitry Medvedev in Tatarstan, June 2011-9.jpeg in Tatarstan, June 2011]]

On 30 August 1990, Tatarstan declared its sovereignty with the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1992 Tatarstan held a referendum on the new constitution, promoted by Tatarstan's President Shaymiyev and supervised by Helsinki Commission staff. Parliament opposition revolved around the Russian faction Narodovlastie (People's Power).{{Cite book |last=United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. |url=https://mcgill.on.worldcat.org/oclc/25909369 |title=Report on the Tatarstan referendum on soverignty [sic]: March 21, 1992, Kazan and Pestretsy |date=1992 |publisher=The Commission |location=Washington, D.C. |language=English}} Some 62% of those who took part voted in favour of the constitution, with ethnic Tatars supporting it much more than Russians. In the new constitution, Tatarstan is defined as a Sovereign State. However, the referendum and constitution were declared unconstitutional by the Russian Constitutional Court. Articles 1 and 3 of the Constitution as introduced in 2002 define Tatarstan as a part of the Russian Federation, removing the "sovereignty" term.

On 15 February 1994, the Treaty On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Authority between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan and Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan (On Delimitation of Authority in the Sphere of Foreign Economic Relations) were signed. The power-sharing agreement was renewed on 11 July 2007, though with much of the power delegated to Tatarstan reduced.

On 20 December 2008, in response to Russia recognising Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People organisation declared Tatarstan independent and asked for United Nations recognition. However, this declaration was ignored both by the United Nations and the Russian government. On 24 July 2017, the autonomy agreement signed in 1994 between Moscow and Kazan expired, making Tatarstan the last republic of Russia to lose its special status.

Population: {{ru-census |p2021= 4,004,809|p2010= 3,786,488|p2002=3,779,265|p1989=3,637,809}}

{{Largest cities

| country = Tatarstan

| stat_ref = 2021 Russian Census

| list_by_pop =

| div_name =

| div_link = Administrative divisions of the Republic of Tatarstan{{!}}Administrative Division

| city_1 = Kazan

| div_1 = Kazan{{!}}City of republic significance of Kazan

| pop_1 = 1,308,660

| img_1 = Kazan Kremlin. Qolşärif Mosque P8111875 2200.jpg

| city_2 = Naberezhnye Chelny

| div_2 = Tukayevsky District

| pop_2 = 548,434

| img_2 = Энтузиастлар бульвары.jpg

| city_3 = Nizhnekamsk

| div_3 = Nizhnekamsky District

| pop_3 = 241,479

| img_3 = 47mkr.JPG

| city_4 = Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan{{!}}Zelenodolsk

| div_4 = Zelenodolsky District

| pop_4 = 163,512

| img_4 = Zeleny Dol Station and surroundings 08-2016 img5.jpg

| city_5 = Almetyevsk

| div_5 = Almetyevsky District

| pop_5 = 100,000

| city_6 = Bugulma

| div_6 = Bugulminsky District

| pop_6 = 81,677

| city_7 = Yelabuga

| div_7 = Yelabuzhsky District

| pop_7 = 73,630

| city_8 = Leninogorsk, Russia{{!}}Leninogorsk

| div_8 = Leninogorsky District

| pop_8 = 60,993

| city_9 = Chistopol

| div_9 = Chistopolsky District

| pop_9 = 58,815

| city_10 = Aznakayevo

| div_10 = Aznakayevsky District

| pop_10 = 40,739

}}

File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Tatarstan.png

File:Tatarstan population.PNG

File:Tatarstan population density.jpg

File:Urban-rural population dynamics (Tatarstan).PNG

File:RIAN archive 320886 Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov in the Kul Sharif Mosque during his visit to Tatarstan.jpg, the president of the republic of Tatarstan, in the Qolşärif Mosque, Kazan]]

File:Volga river. Klyuchishchi. Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist P8111751 2200.jpg

Note: TFR source.

{{Historical populations

|type =

|footnote = Sources: Census data, estimate{{cite web|title=Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2025 года|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Сhisl_MO_01-01-2025.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=27 April 2025}}

|1926 | 2585036

|1959 | 2850417

|1970 | 3131238

|1979 | 3435644

|1989 | 3647809

|2002 | 3779265

|2010 | 3786488

|2021 | 4004809

|2025 | 4019606

}}

File:Ethnic map of Tatarstan (2010).PNG

File:Этнический состав Республики Татарстан по послениям.png}}{{Legend|#9acd32|Tatars}}{{Legend|#00ffff|Chuvashes}}{{Legend|#ba55d3|Mordvins (Erzyas and Mokshas)}}{{Legend|#b0c4de|Kryashens (Baptised Tatars)}}{{Legend|#ffa500|Udmurts}}{{Legend|#6a5acd|Mari people}}]]

There are about 2 million ethnic Tatars and 1.5 million ethnic Russians in Tatarstan, along with significant numbers of Chuvash, Mari, and Udmurts, some of whom are Tatar-speaking. The Ukrainian, Mordvin, and Bashkir minorities are also significant. Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims, but a small minority known as Keräşen Tatars are Orthodox Christians, some of whom regard themselves as being distinct from other Tatars even though most Keräşen dialects differ only slightly from the Central Dialect of the Tatar language.

There is a fair degree of speculation as to the early origins of the different groups of Tatars, but most Tatars no longer view religious identity as being as important as it once was, and the religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled considerably. Nevertheless, despite many decades of assimilation and intermingling, some Keräşen demanded and were awarded the option of being specifically enumerated in 2002. This has provoked great controversy, however, as many intellectuals have sought to portray the Tatars as homogeneous and indivisible. Although listed separately below, the Keräşen are still included in the grand total for the Tatars. Another unique ethnic group, concentrated in Tatarstan, is the Qaratay Mordvins.

{{main|History of Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan}}

Tatar and Udmurt Jews are special territorial groups of the Ashkenazi Jews, which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking (Tatars, Kryashens, Bashkirs, Chuvash people), Finno-Ugric-speaking (Udmurts, Mari people) and Slavic-speaking (Russians) populations. The Ashkenazi Jews first appeared in Tatarstan in the 1830s. The Jews of Udmurtia and Tatarstan are subdivided by cultural and linguistic characteristics into two territorial groups: 1) Udmurt Jews (Udmurt Jewry), who lived on the territory of Udmurtia and the north of Tatarstan; 2) Tatar Jews, or Kazan Jews (Tatar Jewry or Kazan Jewry), who lived mainly in the city of Kazan and its agglomeration.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the two state languages of the republic are Tatar and Russian. According to the 2002 Russian Federal Law (On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation), the official script is Cyrillic. Linguistic anthropologist Dr. Suzanne Wertheim notes that "some men signal ideological devotion to the Tatar cause by refusing to accommodate to Russian-dominant public space or Russian speakers", whilst women, in promoting "the Tatar state and Tatar national culture, index their pro-Tatar ideological stances more diplomatically, and with linguistic practices situated only within the Tatar-speaking community... in keeping with normative gender roles within the Tatar republic."

{{Main|Islam in Tatarstan}}

{{Bar box

|title=Religion in Tatarstan as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)

|float=right

|bars=

{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|53.8}}

{{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|30.5}}

{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|5.7}}

{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|2}}

{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|1}}

{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|0.5}}

{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|1}}

{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|2.5}}

}}

File:Кремль18.jpg in Kazan]]

{{As of|2012|post=,}} Islam was the most common faith in Tatarstan, adhered to by 53.8% of the estimated 3.8 million population. Most of the remaining population is either Russian Orthodox Christian or non-religious.{{Cite web|title=Main page project "Arena" : Non-profit research based consulting "Sreda"|url=https://sreda.org/en/arena|access-date=2022-12-31|language=en-US}}[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", No. 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].

Established in 922, the first Muslim state within the boundaries of modern Russia was Volga Bulgaria from which the Tatars inherited Islam. Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan's journey in 922. Islam's long presence in Russia also extends at least as far back as the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552, which brought the Tatars and Bashkirs on the Middle Volga into Russia.

File:Сергиевская церковь 1604 г. Иоанно-Предтеченский монастырь. Остров-град Свияжск. РТ. Июнь 2013 - panoramio.jpg

In the 1430s, the region became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital having been established in Kazan, 170 km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. Some Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593, mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine II.

In 1990, there were only 100 mosques, but by 2004 this number had risen to well over 1,000. {{As of|2008|1|1|post=,}} as many as 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which 1,055 were Muslim. In September 2010, Eid al-Fitr as well as 21 May, the day the Volga Bulgars embraced Islam, were made public holidays.

The Russian Orthodox Church is the second largest active religion in Tatarstan, and has been so for more than 150 years, with an estimated 1.6 million followers made up of ethnic Russians, Mordvins, Armenians, Belarusians, Mari people, Georgians, Chuvash and a number of Orthodox Tatars which together constitute 38% of the 3.8 million population of Tatarstan. On 23 August 2010, the "Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan" exhibition was held in Kazan by the Tatarstan Ministry of Culture and the Kazan Eparchy. At all public events, an Orthodox Priest is called upon along with an Islamic Mufti.

The Muslim Religious Board of Tatarstan frequently organizes activities, like the 'Islamic graffiti Contest' which was held on 20 November 2011.

File:Kazan House of Tatarstan Government 08-2016.jpg

Tatarstan's unicameral State Council consists of 100 seats: fifty for representatives of the parties and fifty for deputies from the republic's localities. The Chairman of the State Council is Farit Mukhametshin, who has served since 27 May 1998. The government is the Сabinet of Ministers. The prime minister of the Republic of Tatarstan is Alexei Pesoshin.

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Rais can be elected only by the people of Tatarstan, but due to Russian federal law, this law was suspended for an indefinite term. The Russian law on the election of governors says they should be elected by regional parliaments and that the candidate for Rais can be presented only by the president of Russia.

In December 2022, regional lawmakers voted to change the title of the head of the republic from president to rais (an Arabic title for "leader"); lawmakers were expected to adopt new amendments to Tatarstan's constitution so that it would be in line with the 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia and a federal law in 2021 which abolished regional presidencies. The title of president was seen as the last remaining symbol of federalism following the centralisation reforms under Vladimir Putin.{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/23/russias-tatarstan-to-rename-regional-presidency-a79788|title=Russia's Tatarstan to Rename Regional Presidency|website=The Moscow Times|date=23 December 2022}} Incumbent president Rustam Minnikhanov originally was to retain the title of president until his term expires in 2025 under transitional agreements, however he became Rais in February 2024.{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-tatarstan-scrap-president/32190974.html|title=Tatarstan Lawmakers Vote To Change Constitution And Scrap Post of President In Nod To Moscow|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}|date=23 December 2022}}

File:Губернаторский дворец (Казань).jpg

The Republic of Tatarstan is a constituent republic of the Russian Federation. Most of the Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russian federal government by the uniform Federal Treaty (The contract expired in 2017), but relations between the government of Tatarstan and the Russian federal government are more complex and are precisely defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. The following passage from the Constitution defines the republic's status without contradicting the Constitution of the Russian Federation:

{{blockquote|text=

The Republic of Tatarstan is a democratic state governed by the rule of law within the Russian Federation. The statehood of the Republic of Tatarstan is expressed in its possession of the full extent of state power outside the purview of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on matters of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan; in its possession of its own territory, population, system of state authorities, its own Constitution and legislation, state languages, and state symbols.{{cite web |title=Конституция Республики Татарстан |url=https://minjust.tatarstan.ru/konstitutsiya.htm?pub_id=1084014.htm |website=Министерство юстиции Республики Татарстан |language=ru}}

}}

File:Вид на улицу Баумана.JPG in Kazan]]

File:Kazan view from Riviera Hotel 08-2016 img1.jpg

Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia. The republic is highly industrialised and ranks second to Samara Oblast in terms of industrial production per km².

In 2021, Tatarstan's gross regional product was €40 billion, while GRP per capita was €10,000.{{Cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx|title = Валовой региональный продукт}}

The region's main source of wealth is oil. Tatarstan produces 32 million tonnes of crude oil per year and has estimated oil reserves of more than 1 billion tons. Industrial production constitutes 45% of the Republic's gross regional domestic product. The most developed manufacturing industries are petrochemical industry and machine building. The truck-maker KamAZ is the region's largest enterprise and employs about one-fifth of Tatarstan's workforce. Kazanorgsintez, based in Kazan, is one of Russia's largest chemical companies. Tatarstan's aviation industry produces Tu-214 passenger airplanes and helicopters. The Kazan Helicopter Plant is one of the largest helicopter manufacturers in the world. Engineering, textiles, clothing, wood processing, and food industries are also of key significance in Tatarstan.

File:Hydroelectric power station in Naberezhnye Chelny.JPG

Tatarstan consists of three distinct industrial regions. The northwestern part is an old industrial region where engineering, chemical, and light industry dominate. In the newly industrial northeast region with its core in the Naberezhnye Chelny–Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, major industries are automobile construction, the chemical industry, and power engineering. The southeast region has oil production with engineering under development. The north, central, south, and southwest parts of the republic are rural regions. The republic has huge water resources—the annual flow of rivers of the Republic exceeds {{Convert|240|e9m3||abbr=unit}}. Soils are widely diverse, with fertile soils covering approximately one-third of the territory that contribute to successful agricultural production. The main agricultural exports from Tatarstan are wheat, barley, and peas.{{Cite journal |last1=Asadullin |first1=Nail |last2=Avkhadiev |first2=Fayaz |last3=Gainutdinov |first3=Ilgizar |last4=Mikhailova |first4=Liliya |date=2020 |title=Development of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Tatarstan |url=https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2020/11/bioconf_fies-20_00117/bioconf_fies-20_00117.html#:~:text=Agriculture%20is%20an%20important%20element,is%20presented%20in%20Table%201. |journal=BIO Web of Conferences |language=en |volume=27 |pages=00117 |doi=10.1051/bioconf/20202700117 |issn=2117-4458|doi-access=free }} Due to the high development of agriculture in Tatarstan (it contributes 5.1% of the total revenue of the republic), forests occupy only 16% of its territory. The agricultural sector of the economy is represented mostly by large companies as Ak Bars Holding and "Krasnyi Vostok Agro".

The republic has a highly developed transport network. It mainly comprises highways, railway lines, four navigable rivers — Volga (İdel), Kama (Çulman), Vyatka (Noqrat) and Belaya (Ağidel), and oil pipelines and airlines. The territory of Tatarstan is crossed by the main gas pipelines carrying natural gas from Urengoy and Yamburg to the west and the major oil pipelines supplying oil to various cities in the European part of Russia.

File:Kazan Kremlin 2.jpg

There are three UNESCO world heritage sites in Tatarstan—Kazan Kremlin, Bulgarian State Museum-Reserve, and Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk.

The annual growth rate of tourist flow to the republic is on average 13.5%; the growth rate of the volume of services in the tourism sector is 17.0%.

At the end of 2016, on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan there were 104 tour operators, of which 32 dealt in domestic tourism, 65 in domestic and inbound tourism, 1 in domestic and outbound tourism, and 6 in all three.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

{{As of|2017|01|01|post=,}} 404 collective accommodation facilities (CSR) operate in the Republic of Tatarstan; {{nowrap|379 CSR}} are subject to classification (183 in Kazan, 196 in other municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan). 334 collective accommodation facilities received the certificate of assignment of the category, which is 88.1% of the total number of operating.

In 2016, special attention was paid to the development of tourist centres of the Republic of Tatarstan—Kazan, Bolghar, the town-island of Sviyazhsk, Yelabuga, Chistopol, and Tetyushi. The growth of tourist flow in the main tourist centres of the Republic compared to 2015 amounted to an average of 45.9%.

File:Elabuga ul spasskaya.jpg

Currently{{when|date=December 2024}}, sanatorium and resort recreation is developing rapidly in Tatarstan. There are 46 sanatorium-resort institutions in the Republic of Tatarstan. The capacity of the objects of the sanatorium-resort complex of Tatarstan is 8847 beds; more than 4300 specialists are engaged in the service of residents. In 2016, more than 160 thousand people rested in the health resorts of the Republic of Tatarstan. 22 health resort institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan are members of the Association of health resort institutions "Health resorts of Tatarstan," including 11 sanatoriums of PJSC "Tatneft."

Since 2016, the Republic of Tatarstan has been operating the Visit Tatarstan program, the official tourism brand of the Republic, the purpose of which is to inform tourists, monitor the reputation of the Republic, develop the tourism potential of the regions of Tatarstan, conduct market research, create partner projects with local companies, and expand internationally. "Tatarstan: 1001 pleasure" is the main message that tourists receive. The Visit Tatar website, where there is information about the main sights and recreation in Tatarstan, is available in 8 languages: Tatar, Russian, English, Chinese, German, Spanish, Finnish, and Persian.

File:Kazan state university.jpg]]

File:Kazan Millennium Bridge 08-2016.jpg

• Kazan Kremlin
• Kazan University
• Bolghar
• Sviyazhsk
• Temple of All Religions
• Qolşärif Mosque
• Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral
• Söyembikä Tower
• Millennium Bridge
• Old Tatar Quarter
• Galiaskar Kamal Tatar Academic Theatre
• The Jalil Opera and Ballet Theatre
• The National Museum of Tatarstan

{{Main|Culture of Tatarstan}}Due to Islamic rules on artistic depictions,{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-06-01 |title=Your Primer On Tatar Culture |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2018/06/01/your-primer-on-tatar-culture-a61907 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}} Tatars developed a uniquely geometric artistry, of which the craft of leather mosaic is a staple.{{Cite web |date=2013-04-28 |title=Leather Mosaic Technique |url=https://uniqueleathermosaic.com/technique/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Unique Leather Mosaic |language=en}} They also observe certain pre-Islamic holidays, such as Sabantuy, which celebrates "the completion of spring sowing works."File:Kazan church edit1.jpg, a building and cultural centre built by the local artist Ildar Khanov]]

File:Vladimir Putin 24 June 2000-7.jpg at Sabantuy, a Tatar festival]]

Major libraries include Kazan State University Nikolai Lobachevsky Scientific Library and the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. There are two museums of republican significance, as well as 90 museums of local importance. In the past several years, new museums appeared throughout the Republic.

There are twelve theatrical institutions in Tatarstan. The state orchestra is the National Tatarstan Orchestra.{{Cite web |title=Tatarstan National Symphony Orchestra |url=https://tatarstan-symphony.com/en/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=tatarstan-symphony.com}}

In 1996, the Tatar singer, Guzel Ahmetova, cooperated with the German Eurodance group named Snap!, when she sang the lyrics of the song "Rame".

Aida Garifullina was born in 1987 to a Tatar family in Kazan. Following studies in Nuremberg, Germany and Vienna, Austria, she has achieved fame as a lyric soprano, in high demand both on the international operatic stage and concert platform. She is also a celebrated recording artist and a promoter of the Tatar culture.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

File:Kazan Arena stadium.jpg in Kazan]]

With 9,175 sports venues in Tatarstan, the republic is one of the leading sports regions in Russia.{{Cite web |title=Sport |url=https://tatarstan.ru/eng/about/sport.htm |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=tatarstan.ru}} Since 1973, Kazan has been making efforts to expand its sports infrastructure, with sports being a "great source of pride" for the people of Kazan.{{Cite book |last1=Makarychev |first1=A. S. (Andreĭ Stanislavovich) |url=http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4716827 |title=Mega events in post-Soviet Eurasia: shifting borderlines of inclusion and exclusion |last2=Yatsyk |first2=Alexandra |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-49095-7 |series=Mega event planning |location=New York, NY |language=English}}

Tatarstan has Rubin Kazan, a major European football team which has played in the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. Twice Russian champions, Rubin Kazan play in the Russian Premier League. Also, Tatarstan has Unics Kazan which has gained a significant role in European basketball, playing in Euroleague and EuroCup for decades.

It also has two KHL teams, the successful Ak Bars Kazan, which is based in the capital city of Kazan, and the Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk, who play in the city of Nizhnekamsk. The state also has a Russian Major League team (the second highest hockey league in Russia), Neftyanik Almetyevsk, who play in the city of Almetyevsk. There are also two Minor Hockey League teams which serve as affiliates for the two KHL teams. A team also exists in the Russian Hockey League, the HC Chelny, which is based in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. Another team plays in the MHL-B (the second level of junior ice hockey in Russia).

Nail Yakupov is an ethnic Tatar who was drafted first overall in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

Former ATP No. 1 Marat Safin and former WTA number 1 Dinara Safina are of Tatar descent.

Victor Wild and Danil Sadreev are both Tatarstan Olympians, having won a bronze in parallel giant slalom and a silver in ski jumping, respectively.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Tatarstan sport minister about sports events in Kazan in 2022 — RealnoeVremya.com |url=https://realnoevremya.com/articles/6168-tatarstan-sport-minister-about-sports-events-in-kazan-in-2022 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=realnoevremya.com |language=en}}

Kazan hosted the XXVII Summer Universiade in 2013, the FINA World championship in aquatic sports in August 2015, and the World Junior Championship for swimming in 2022.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Tatarstan sport minister about sports events in Kazan in 2022 |url=https://realnoevremya.com/articles/6168-tatarstan-sport-minister-about-sports-events-in-kazan-in-2022 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=realnoevremya.com |language=en}}

The most important facilities of higher education include Kazan Federal University, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan National Research Technological University, World Information Distributed University, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev and Russian Islamic University. All of these are located in the capital city, Kazan.

Tatarstan takes a unique participatory approach to the development of public spaces that has earned it recognition. The Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme aims to create spaces for meeting or recreation. The programme covers a wide spectrum of projects, including streets, squares, parks, river banks, pavilions, and sports facilities.

Since 2016 (and continuing until 2022), the Architecturny Desant Architectural Bureau in Kazan has improved public spaces in each of Tatarstan's 45 municipal districts, from large cities to small villages. As of April 2019, the project had revamped 328 public spaces. By creating and rehabilitating public spaces, the programme aims to be a catalyst for positive social, economic, and environmental change.

One notable example is the "Beach" at Almetyevsk, which includes public swimming pools and a terrace. Other examples include an amphitheatre in Black Lake Park, Kazan; the Central Square in Bavly; a children's playground in Bogatye Saby village, which has a unique wooden play structure; the Cube container centre in the green beach at Gorkinsko-Ometievsky forest, Kazan; and the square on Festival Boulevard, Kazan.

The programme used an innovative participatory design approach, which later became mandatory for similar projects across Russia. This approach partners specialists with local residents at every stage of the project, from development, to implementation, to the ongoing use of the space.

The Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme was announced as one of the six winners of the 2019 Aga Khan Award for Architecture. The jury was impressed by the programme's systematic approach and involvement of residents to decide the future of each space.

Each public space expresses the unique identity of that particular place, tying in its history while incorporating traditional materials. Major goals of the projects include improving the quality of life for residents and improving the environment. The Arhitekturnyi Desant team aims to provide a high quality public space, no matter the size of the settlement, including quality design, infrastructure, and materials.

Spending on the public spaces projects is helping the local economy.{{when|date=March 2020}} The number of street furniture manufacturers in the area, for example, has increased from 12 to 75 since the programme started.

• KAZANSUMMIT
• List of Chairmen of the State Council of Tatarstan
• List of rural localities in Tatarstan
• List of Tatars
• Music of Tatarstan

{{notelist|group=n}}

{{reflist|refs=

Law #2284, Chapter III

Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, Article 9.2

{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=96525b60e5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=792|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924204138/http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=96525b60e5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=792|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2006|title=Economy : The Republic of Tatarstan|date=September 24, 2006}}

Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan, p. 3

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{{cite web|url=http://shaimiev.tatarstan.ru/eng/news/view/8377|title=Meeting of two presidents|work=Administration of President of the Republic Tatarstan|date=August 16, 2011|access-date=July 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108020522/http://shaimiev.tatarstan.ru/eng/news/view/8377|archive-date=January 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}

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{{cite web|url=http://www.rbcdaily.ru/politics/562949990857614 |title=Заявились в Россию :: Общество :: Газета РБК |website=Rbcdaily.ru |date=2014-03-17 |access-date=2016-12-31}}

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{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1077565.html|title=Federation Council Backs Power-Sharing Bill|date=2007-07-11|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=2017-09-03}}

{{cite web |url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-183351 |title=THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF TATARSTAN - CNN iReport |website=ireport.cnn.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330111914/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-183351 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}

{{Cite news|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/tatarstan-special-status-expires-58483|title=Tatarstan, the Last Region to Lose Its Special Status Under Putin|last=Smirnova|first=Lena|date=2017-07-24|work=The Moscow Times|access-date=2017-08-07|language=en}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 |title=п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╦я┌я─п╦п╫п╟ |website=Gks.ru |access-date=2016-12-31}}

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{{Cite journal | last = Wertheim | first = Suzanne | title = Gender, nationalism, and the attempted reconfiguration of sociolinguistic norms | journal = Gender and Language | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 261–289 | doi = 10.1558/genl.v6i2.261 | date = September 2012 }}

{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Tatarstan_Parliament_Introduces_New_Islam_Holiday/2167583.html |title=Tatarstan Parliament Introduces New Islam Holiday |website=Rferl.org |date=2010-09-24 |access-date=2016-12-31}}

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{{cite web|url=http://kazantimes.com/arts/islamic-graffiti-contest-held-in-kazan/|title=Islamic Graffiti Contest Held In Kazan|last=Valeev|first=Denis|date=2011-11-22|website=The Kazan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306101623/http://kazantimes.com/arts/islamic-graffiti-contest-held-in-kazan/|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=usurped|access-date=2016-12-31}}

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{{cite web|author=Pirkko Suihkonen |url=http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/uhlcs/LENCA/LENCA-2/information/tatarstan.html |title=Call for papers: LENCA-2 |website=Ling.helsinki.fi |access-date=2016-12-31}}

{{Cite web |title=В Татарстане три исторических объекта признаны мировым достоянием |url=http://www.kazved.ru/article/81705.aspx |edition=Казанские Ведомости}}

http://tourism.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_857409.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215130025/http://tourism.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_857409.pdf |date=December 15, 2017}} Данные Государственного комитета Республики Татарстан по туризму за 2016 год

{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.tatarstan.ru/|title=Государственный комитет Республики Татарстан по туризму|publisher=tourism.tatarstan.ru|language=ru|access-date=2017-12-21}}

{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2016 |title=Программа "Отдыхай в Татарстане" поможет развитию санаторных курортов |work=РИА Новости |url=https://ria.ru/tourism/20160531/1441251763.html |edition=РИА НОВОСТИ}}

{{Cite news|title=Разработка программы Visit Tatarstan обошлась в 2 млн. рублей|url=https://www.business-gazeta.ru/news/305849|work=БИЗНЕС Online|access-date=2017-10-12|language=ru}}

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{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMFL1ilcGlU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/hMFL1ilcGlU| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Snap! – Rame| website=YouTube| date=5 May 2011}}{{cbignore}}

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}}

• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=

|ru_type=Закон

|ru_number=2284

|ru_date=14 июля 1999 г.

|ru_title=О государственных символах Республики Татарстан

|ru_effective_date=со дня опубликования (28 августа 1999 г.)

|ru_published_in="Республика Татарстан", No. 174

|ru_published_date=28 августа 1999 г

|ru_url=

|ru_amendment_type=Закона

|ru_amendment_number=23-ЗРТ

|ru_amendment_date=18 марта 2013 г

|ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Татарстан "О государственных символах Республики Татарстан" в части утверждения текста Государственного гимна Республики Татарстан"

|en_entity=

|en_type=Law

|en_number=2284

|en_date=July 14, 1999

|en_title=On the Symbols of State of the Republic of Tatarstan

|en_effective_date=the day of publication (August 28, 1999)

|en_url=

|en_amendment_type=Law

|en_amendment_number=23-ZRT

|en_amendment_date=March 18, 2013

|en_amendment_title=On Amending the Part of the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On the Symbols of State of the Republic of Tatarstan" Adopting the Text of the State Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan

}}

• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ta}}
• Госкомстат РФ. Государственный комитет Республики Татарстан по статистике. "Административно-территориальное деление Республики Татарстан" (Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan). Казань, 1997.

• {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Tartars |volume= 23 |pages = 70–71 |last= Kropotkin |first= Peter Alexeivitch |author-link= Peter Kropotkin|short= 1}}
• {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Kazañ (government) | volume= 15 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link= Peter Kropotkin| last2= Bealby |first2= John Thomas| pages = 703–704 |short= 1}}
• Ruslan Kurbanov. [http://www.onislam.net/english/politics/asia/461544-tatarstan-smooth-islamization-sprinkled-with-blood.html Tatarstan: Smooth Islamization Sprinkled with Blood] OnIslam.net. Accessed: Feb. 26, 2013.
• Daniel Kalder. Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist.
• Ravil Bukharaev. The Model of Tatarstan: Under President Mintimer Shaimiev.
• Azadeayse Rorlich. The Volga Tatars: A Profile in National Resilience.
• Roderick Heather. Russia From Red to Black
• Matthew Reid. Shattered Kremlin: Echoes of the Iron Curtain

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• [http://tatarstan.ru/eng/ Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan]
• [http://tatarstan.ru/ Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717035656/http://tatarstan.ru/ |date=July 17, 2011 }} {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://tatarstan.ru/tat/ Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524102037/http://tatarstan.ru/tat/ |date=2021-05-24 }} {{in lang|tt}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090218113049/http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/ Tatar-Inform] information agency
• [https://visit-tatarstan.com/ Official Tourist Portal of the Republic of Tatarstan]

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}

{{Tatarstan }}

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Category:States and territories established in 1920

Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Category:Tatar topics

Category:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages

Category:1920 establishments in Europe

Category:Observer members of the International Organization of Turkic Culture

Category:Republics of Russia