Territory of the Islamic State

The fifth edition of the Islamic State's Dabiq magazine explained the group's process for establishing new provinces. Jihadist groups in a given area must consolidate into a unified body and publicly declare their allegiance to the caliph. The group must nominate a Wāli (Governor), a Shura Council (religious leadership), and formulate a military strategy to consolidate territorial control and implement Sharia law. Once formally accepted, IS considers the group to be one of its provinces and gives it support.{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/GLOBAL%20ROLLUP%20Update.pdf|title=ISIS'S GLOBAL MESSAGING STRATEGY FACT SHEET|author=Romain Caillet|date=December 2014|access-date=13 March 2015|publisher=Institute for the Study of War}} Dabiq has acknowledged support in regions including East Turkestan, Indonesia and the Philippines, and claimed that IS would eventually establish wilayat in these areas after forming direct relationships with its supporters there, As of 2025 the Philippines is the only one of those mentioned above with a Wilayat.{{Cite web |last=Hummel |first=Kristina |date=2020-12-30 |title=Rising in the East: The Evolution of the Islamic State in the Philippines |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/rising-in-the-east-the-evolution-of-the-islamic-state-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |language=en-US}}

IS spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani said "the legality of all emirates, groups, states and organizations becomes null by the expansion of the khilafah's [caliphate's] authority and arrival of its troops to their areas."{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=M. Alex|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/deviant-pathological-what-do-isis-extremists-really-want-n194136|title='Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want?|date=3 September 2014|publisher=NBC News|access-date=5 September 2014}} IS thus rejects the political divisions established by Western powers during World War I in the Sykes–Picot Agreement as it absorbs territory in Syria and Iraq.{{cite news|last1=Tran|first1=Mark|last2=Weaver|first2=Matthew|date=30 June 2014|title=Isis announces Islamic caliphate in area straddling Iraq and Syria|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/isis-announces-islamic-caliphate-iraq-syria|work=The Guardian|access-date=6 July 2014}}{{cite news|last1=McGrath|first1=Timothy|title=Watch this English-speaking ISIS fighter explain how a 98-year-old colonial map created today's conflict|url=http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20140702/watch-this-english-speaking-isis-fighter-explain-how-a-98-year-old-colonial-map-created-todays-conflict|access-date=22 July 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=GlobalPost|date=2 July 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112130508/http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54017|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2014|title=The Islamic State: Leaving al-Qaeda Behind|author=Romain Caillet|date=27 December 2013|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}} The Long War Journal writes that the logical implication is that the group will consider preexisting militant groups like Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) illegitimate if they do not nullify themselves and submit to IS's authority.{{cite web|last1=Joscelyn|first1=Thomas|title=Analysis: Islamic State snuff videos help to attract more followers|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/11/analysis_islamic_sta_1.php|website=Long War Journal|date=17 November 2014|access-date=21 November 2014}}

While branches in Libya and Egypt have been very active and attempted to exercise territorial control, branches in other countries like Algeria and Saudi Arabia have been less active and do not seem to have a strong presence.{{cite web|title=The Islamic State's Archipelago of Provinces|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-islamic-states-archipelago-of-provinces|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy|date=14 November 2014 |access-date=17 November 2014}}

Since 2022, there have been no further provinces officially announced by IS. This is despite the group receiving public pledges of allegiance from militants in countries like Somalia, Bangladesh and the Philippines, and subsequently releasing statements and videos from those regions through its official media channels.{{cite news|title=Islamic State in Somalia claims capture of port town|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/islamic-state-in-somalia-claims-capture-of-port-town.php|access-date=10 February 2016|work=The Long War Journal|date=26 October 2016}}{{cite news|title=How Bangladesh Became Fertile Ground for al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/how-bangladesh-became-fertile-ground-for-al-qaida-and-the-islamic-state|access-date=10 February 2016|work=CTC Sentinel|date=25 May 2016|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009215354/https://ctc.usma.edu/posts/how-bangladesh-became-fertile-ground-for-al-qaida-and-the-islamic-state|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|title=The Islamic State grows in the Philippines|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/islamic-state-officially-creates-province-in-the-philippines.php|access-date=10 February 2016|work=The Long War Journal|date=24 June 2016}} Analyst Charlie Winter speculates that this is due to the lackluster performance of many of IS's existing provinces, and that IS's leadership seems to be identifying new affiliates as simply "soldiers of the caliphate."{{cite web|url=http://warontherocks.com/2016/07/has-the-islamic-state-abandoned-its-provincial-model-in-the-philippines/|title=Has the Islamic State Abandoned Its Provincial Model in the Philippines?|date=22 July 2016|access-date=10 February 2017}}

Loss of "caliphate" territory led IS to conduct more terrorist attacks abroad.{{Cite journal|last1=Piazza|first1=James A.|last2=Soules|first2=Michael J.|date=2021|title=Terror after the Caliphate: The Effect of ISIS Loss of Control over Population Centers on Patterns of Global Terrorism|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2021.1885729|journal=Security Studies|volume=30|pages=107–135|doi=10.1080/09636412.2021.1885729|s2cid=232411590|issn=0963-6412}}

The Islamic State primarily claimed territory in Syria and Iraq, subdividing each country into multiple wilayah (provinces), largely based on preexisting governance boundaries.{{Cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS_Governance.pdf|title=ISIS Governance in Syria.|access-date=17 March 2023}}{{Cite book|title=The ISIS Threat: The Rise of the Islamic State and their Dangerous Potential|publisher=United States Congress|year=2015|isbn=9781505837636|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qt3srQEACAAJ}} The first territorial claims by the group outside of Syria and Iraq were announced by its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, on 13 November 2014, when he announced new wilayats, or provinces, in Libya (Wilayah Barqah, Wilayah Tarabulus, and Wilayah Fazan), Algeria (Wilayah al-Jazair), Sinai, Egypt (Wilayah Sinai), Yemen (Wilayah al-Yaman), and Saudi Arabia (Wilayah al-Haramayn).{{cite news|title=The Islamic State's model|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/01/28/the-islamic-states-model/|access-date=13 March 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=28 January 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-idUSKCN0IX1Y120141113|title=Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech|work=Reuters|date=13 November 2014|quote="We announce to you the expansion of the Islamic State to new countries, to the countries of the Haramayn, Yemen, Egypt, Libya [and] Algeria"}} In 2015, new provinces were also announced in the Afghanistan–Pakistan border (Wilayah Khurasan),{{cite news|title=Islamic State builds on al-Qaeda lands|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31064300|publisher=BBC News|date=30 January 2015|access-date=13 March 2015}} Northern Nigeria (Wilayah Gharb Ifriqiyyah), the North Caucasus (Wilayah al-Qawqaz), and the Sahel (Sahil).{{cite news |url=https://al-ain.com/article/isis-abu-hussein-qurashi-leader |title=داعش الساحل" يعلن مبايعة القرشي زعيما جديدا |date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Al-Ain |language=ar}}

{{Main|Islamic State in Kurdistan}}

In November 2014, the Islamic State released a video in which two of its militants stated that IS will make a province for Kurdistan if they capture it.{{Cite web |title=Chechen IS Militants In Kobani Vow To Save Kurds From Communism |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/under-black-flag-chechen-militants-saving-urds-communism/26688138.html |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=www.rferl.org|date=12 November 2014 }}

{{further|Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)}}

{{See also|Syrian Civil War||Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)|Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)}}

File:Near East ISIS controlled areas.svg and Iraq in 2015.{{cite news |last1=Fairfield |first1=Hannah |last2=Wallace |first2=Tim |last3=Watkins |first3=Derek |title=How ISIS Expands |work=The New York Times |location=New York |date=21 May 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523191807/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html |archive-date=23 May 2015 |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2020}} ]]

When the Iraq-based insurgent group Mujahideen Shura Council announced it was establishing an Islamic State of Iraq in October 2006, it claimed authority over seven Iraqi provinces: Baghdad, Al Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, Saladin, Nineveh, and parts of Babil.{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2006/10/the_rump_islamic_emi.php#|title=The Rump Islamic Emirate of Iraq|work=The Long War Journal|date=16 October 2006|access-date=2 June 2014}}

When the group changed its name to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and expanded into Syria in April 2013, it claimed nine Syrian provinces, covering most of the country and lying largely along existing provincial boundaries: Al Barakah (al-Hasakah Governorate), Al Khayr (Deir ez-Zor Governorate), Raqqa, Homs, Halab, Idlib, Hamah, Damascus, and Latakia.{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/04/isis-southern-division.php#|title=ISIS' 'Southern Division' praises foreign suicide bombers|work=The Long War Journal|date=9 April 2014|access-date=2 June 2014}} It later subdivided the territory under its control to create the new provinces of al-Furat,{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/ar/20140830-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8/|title=تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية يعلن قيام "ولاية الفرات" على أراض سورية وعراقية|work=France 24|language=ar|date=31 August 2014|access-date=6 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906065046/http://www.france24.com/ar/20140830-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8/|archive-date=6 September 2014|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last1=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|title=Islamic State "Euphrates Province" Statement: Translation and Analysis|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2014/09/islamic-state-euphrates-province-statement|access-date=20 September 2014|work=aymennjawad.org|date=10 September 2014}} Fallujah, Dijlah, and al-Jazirah.{{cite web|title=The Islamic State|url=http://soufangroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/TSG-The-Islamic-State-Nov14.pdf|publisher=The Soufan Group|date=28 October 2014|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713102203/http://soufangroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/TSG-The-Islamic-State-Nov14.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Islamic State Announces Creation of Second New Province in Northern Iraq|url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/islamic-state-announces-creation-of-second-new-province-in-northern-iraq.html|publisher=SITE Intelligence Group|date=19 February 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015}} On 9 December 2017 Iraqi military forces announced the war against IS in Iraq had been won and that they no longer controlled territory in Iraq. In June 2017 IS affiliate Khalid ibn al-Walid Army started referring to themselves as "Wilayat Hawran", one month later IS media started referring to all its claims in Syria as "Wilayat al-Sham".{{cite tweet |user=Terror_Monitor |number=1020860257281511425 |date=21 July 2018 |title=#SYRIA #IslamicState Claims Killing/Wounding Dozens Of #SAA Soldiers in Repelling An Attempted Advance in the Countryside Of #Daraa. #TerrorMonitor}}

Since mid-2018, IS has referred to its territory in the Levant simply as Wilayat al-Sham and has done the same with Iraq calling it Wilayat al-Iraq, but still continues to acknowledge and use references to specific regions in those territories, this has also been done with its claims in Yemen and Libya.{{cite news |last1=Al-Tamimi |first1=Aymenn Jawad |author-link=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|title=Islamic State Shifts From Provinces and Governance to Global Insurgency |url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/21646/islamic-state-shifts-from-provinces |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=Global Observatory |date=26 September 2018}}

As of 2022, the group seems to have increased its efforts in Syria compared to Iraq,{{Cite news |title=US Intelligence Predicted Resurgence of Islamic State Group Threat, Declassified Report Shows |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2022/09/15/us-intelligence-predicted-resurgence-of-islamic-state-group-threat-declassified-report-shows.html |last=Merchant |first=Nomaan |date=15 September 2022 |work=Military.com}} and has been reduced to several pockets in the Syrian desert, with local tribesmen acting as informants for the U.S. and other coalition forces. Despite this, the group managed to orchestrate a major prison break in January 2022.{{Cite news |title=Tribal spies in Syria help U.S. win drone war against Islamic State |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tribal-spies-syria-help-us-win-drone-war-against-islamic-state-2022-09-13/ |last=Al-Khalidi |first=Suleiman |date=13 September 2022 |work=Reuters}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Khorasan Province|Islamic State – Pakistan Province}}

{{Further|War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in North-West Pakistan|Islamic State–Taliban conflict}}

File:Territories of the Islamic State in Afghanistan 1.jpg

On 29 January 2015, Hafiz Saeed Khan, Abdul Rauf and other militants in the region swore an oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Khan was subsequently named as the Wāli (Governor) of a new branch in Afghanistan and Pakistan called Khurasan Province, named after the historical Khorasan region.{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129054615/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2015|title=IS announces expansion into AfPak, parts of India|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=22 February 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/02/pakistani_taliban_em.php|title=Pakistani Taliban emir for Bajaur joins Islamic State|website=The Long War Journal|date=2 February 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-31290147|title=Afghanistan drone strike 'kills IS commander Abdul Rauf'|publisher=BBC News}}

IS attempted to establish themselves in Southern Afghanistan, especially in Kandahar and Helmand provinces, but were resisted by Taliban forces.{{cite web|title=ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213191753/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |archive-date=13 February 2015}}{{cite news| title =ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other| url =http://www.khaama.com/isis-taliban-announced-jihad-against-each-other-3206| newspaper = The Khaama Press News Agency| date = 20 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}}{{cite web| title =Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'| url =http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/130420151| website = Rudaw| date = 13 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}} They were able to establish a foothold in parts of Nangarhar, and recruited disaffected members of the Taliban.{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/islamic-state-group-loyalists-eye-presence-afghanistan-162510254.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913002928/http://news.yahoo.com/islamic-state-group-loyalists-eye-presence-afghanistan-162510254.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2015 |title=Islamic State group loyalists eye a presence in Afghanistan |author=Lynne O'Donnell |date=8 September 2015 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=10 September 2015 }} In August 2015, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan leader, Usman Ghazi, swore allegiance to IS and announced that the group should be considered part of Wilayah Khorasan.{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/imu-islamic-state/27174567.html| title=IMU Declares It Is Now Part of the Islamic State|date=6 August 2015|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=6 August 2015}}

The group suffered reversals in 2016, losing control of some territory in the wake of attacks from US Forces, the Afghan Government{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0XB2BK|title=Air strikes hit Islamic State in Afghanistan under new rules: U.S.|work=Reuters|date=14 April 2016|access-date=15 April 2016}} and the Taliban.{{cite news| url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-captures-islamic-state-bases-in-afghanistan/3131609.html|title=Taliban Captures IS Bases in Afghanistan|date=5 January 2016|publisher=Voice of America|access-date=16 April 2016}} Hafiz Saeed Khan was reportedly killed in a US drone strike in eastern Afghanistan on 25 July 2016.{{cite news|title=IS leader in Afghanistan killed, US believes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37063654|publisher=BBC News |date=12 August 2016}}

In 2019, the group announced a new Pakistan province (Wilayah Pakistan).{{cite news|title=Islamic State Announces 'Pakistan Province'|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/islamic-state-announces-pakistan-province/4918903.html |work=VOA News |date=16 May 2019}} Despite this, as of 2022, the Khorasan province continues to operate in the country, also operating against neighboring Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, where some members have suggested that a Movarounnahr (or Transoxiana) province is established.{{Cite news |title=Islamic State Khorasan's Expanded Vision in South and Central Asia |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/08/islamic-state-khorasans-expanded-vision-in-south-and-central-asia/ |last1=Webber |first1=Lucas |date=6 August 2022 |work=The Diplomat |last2=Valle |first2=Riccardo}} In July 2022, a Tajik-language magazine called Al-Azaim Tajiki was endorsed by the group, named after Yusuf al-Tajiki, a propagandist for the group killed by the Taliban.{{Cite news |title=Islamic State launches new Tajik propaganda network |url=https://eurasianet.org/islamic-state-launches-new-tajik-propaganda-network |last1=Alkhouri |first1=Laith |date=20 July 2022 |work=Eurasianet |last2=Webber |first2=Lucas}}

Since the Taliban's 2021 offensive, which ended with the takeover of Kabul and the end of the 20-year war in the country, IS-K have become a new focus for the group, with its funding and numbers increasing as a result of prison breaks of IS fighters during the offensive and subsequent recruiting. Efforts have also increased to recruit fighters from neighboring Uzbekistan.{{Cite news |title=Islamic State recruiting Uzbeks to fight in Afghanistan |url=https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-islamic-state-recruiting-uzbeks-to-fight-in-afghanistan |last1=Webber |first1=Lucas |date=29 August 2022 |work=Eurasianet |last2=Alkhouri |first2=Laith}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Libya Province}}

{{Further|Second Libyan Civil War}}

File:Map of the Islamic State's territory in Libya.svg

IS divides Libya into three historical provinces, claiming authority over Cyrenaica in the east, Fezzan in the desert south, and Tripolitania in the west, around the capital of Tripoli.{{cite news|title=Islamic State Sprouting Limbs Beyond Its Base|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/world/middleeast/islamic-state-sprouting-limbs-beyond-mideast.html?_r=1|work=The New York Times|date=14 February 2015|access-date=23 February 2015}}{{cite news|title=ISIS atrocity in Libya demonstrates its growing reach in North Africa|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/16/africa/isis-libya-north-africa/|publisher=CNN|date=17 February 2015|access-date=23 February 2015}}

In 2014, a number of leading IS commanders arrived in the city of Derna, which had been a major source of fighters in the Syrian civil war and Iraqi insurgency. Over a number of months, they united many local militant factions under their leadership and declared war on anyone who opposed them, killing judges, civic leaders, local militants who rejected their authority, and other opponents. On 5{{spaces}}October 2014, the militants, who by then controlled part of the city, gathered to pledge allegiance to the Caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.625652|title=Libyan city is first outside Syria, Iraq to join ISIS|date=10 November 2014|access-date=18 November 2014|work=Haaretz.com}}{{cite news|title=The Islamic State of Libya Isn't Much of a State|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/17/the-islamic-state-of-libya-isnt-much-of-a-state/|access-date=10 June 2015|work=Foreign Policy|date=17 February 2015}} In February 2015, IS forces took over parts of the Libyan city of Sirte. In the following months, they used it as a base to capture neighbouring towns including Harawa,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-libyas-civil-war-the-islamic-state-shows-itself-as-the-main-threat/2015/06/06/65766592-0879-11e5-951e-8e15090d64ae_story.html|title=Libyan gains may offer ISIS a base for new attacks|author=Hassan Morajea|date=6 June 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=10 June 2015}} and Nofaliya.{{cite news|title=IS said to have taken another Libyan town|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150210/world/is-said-to-have-taken-another-libyan-town.555481|access-date=13 February 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=10 February 2015}} IS began governing Sirte and treating it as the capital of their territory.{{cite news|title=The Islamic State's Burgeoning Capital in Sirte, Libya|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-islamic-states-burgeoning-capital-in-sirte-libya|access-date=6 September 2015|work=Washington Institute of Near East Policy|date=6 August 2015}}

As of March 2015, the group claimed control over the following oil fields in Libya:{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-oil-guards-prepare-to-take-on-islamic-state-1425486673|title=Libya Declares Force Majeure Over Oil Fields in Central Region - WSJ|author=Benoît Faucon And Summer Said|date=4 March 2015|work=WSJ|accessdate=17 April 2016}}

IS suffered reversals from mid-2015 when they were expelled from much of Derna following clashes with rival militants,{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/libya-officials-jihadis-driving-eastern-stronghold-140440469.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006021421/https://news.yahoo.com/libya-officials-jihadis-driving-eastern-stronghold-140440469.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2015|title=Libya officials: Jihadis driving IS from eastern stronghold|date=30 July 2015|agency=Associated Press|access-date=1 August 2015}} following months of intermittent fighting, IS eventually redeployed to other parts of Libya.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKCN0XH27H|title=Islamic State in retreat around east Libyan city: military|work=Reuters|date=20 April 2016|access-date=20 April 2016}} Its emir Abu Nabil al-Anbari was killed in a U.S. air strike in November 2015.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/us-airstrike-isis-leader-libya|title=Islamic State leader in Libya 'killed in US airstrike'|author=Martin Pengelly|newspaper=The Guardian|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015}} Libya's Interim Government launched a major offensive against IS territory around Sirte in May 2016,{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKCN0YL1V0|title=Libyan security forces pushing Islamic State back from vicinity of oil terminals|work=Reuters|access-date=31 May 2016|date=31 May 2016}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKCN0YQ0TA|title=Libyan brigades capture air base from Islamic State south of Sirte: spokesman|date=4 June 2016|access-date=24 June 2016|work=Reuters}} capturing the city by December 2016.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN13V15R|title=Libyan forces clear last Islamic State hold-out in Sirte|work=Reuters|access-date=6 December 2016}}

The group's current emir is Abu Bara al Sahrawi, who replaced Adnan Abu Walid al Sahrawi after his death in August 2021.

{{Main|Islamic State – Sinai Province}}

{{Further|Sinai insurgency}}

File:Map that shows areas in Egypt with strong ISIS presence or control in some parts.jpg

The Egyptian militant group Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis swore allegiance to IS in November 2014. After al-Baghdadi's speech on 13 November, the group changed its name to Sinai Province on the Twitter feed claiming to represent the group. The group has carried out attacks in Sinai.

On 1 July 2015, Wilayat Sinai launched a large-scale invasion on the Egyptian city of Sheikh Zuweid with more than 300 IS fighters and attacked more than 15 army and police positions using mortars, RPG's, light and heavy weapons in an attempt to capture the city.

On 29 February 2017, the group announced a new "Misr" province in Egypt in a propaganda video against Coptic Christians.{{cite news|title=#Egypt: #ISIS 'Misr' released video "And fight the polytheists collectively.." focusing primarily on Egypt's #Coptic Christians|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/menastream/status/833461983991255042?lang=he|date=19 February 2017|access-date=8 August 2022}}

In 2020, IS in Egypt occupied villages in Bir al-Abd town in North Sinai.

As of 2022, the group continues to attack local infrastructure, but has diminished due to persistent counterterrorism efforts by the Egyptian government and armed forces, who operate with the assistance of local tribesmen.{{Cite news |title=Egypt army makes gains against Islamic State in western Sinai |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/08/egypt-army-makes-gains-against-islamic-state-western-sinai |date=22 August 2022 |work=Al-Monitor}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Saudi Arabia Province}}

Al-Baghdadi announced a Wilayah in Saudi Arabia in November 2014, calling for the overthrow of the Saudi Royal Family and criticizing the Kingdom's participation in the US-led coalition against IS. The group has carried out attacks in the country under the names of Najd Province and Hejaz Province.{{cite news|last1=al-Shihri|first1=Abdullah|title=Saudi Arabia mosque bombing that killed 15 claimed by 'new' Islamic State group|url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/suicide-bombing-on-saudi-arabia-mosque-kills-15-20150806-giti8p.html|access-date=7 August 2015|newspaper=The Age|date=7 August 2015}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Yemen Province}}

{{Further|Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)}}

IS established a Yemeni Wilayah in November 2014. The branch's first attack occurred in March 2015, when it carried out suicide bombings on two Shia Mosques in the Yemeni capital.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31989844|title=Yemen crisis: Islamic State claims Sanaa mosque attacks|publisher=BBC News|date=20 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}} At least eight IS Wilayat, named after existing provincial boundaries in Yemen, have claimed responsibility for attacks, including 'Adan Abyan Province, Al-Bayda Province, Hadramawt Province, Shabwah Province and Sana'a Province. Following the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War in 2015, IS struggled to establish much of a presence in the country in the face of competition from the larger and more established Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) militant group. Many of IS's regional cells in Yemen have not been visibly active since their establishment and the group has not been able to seize control of territory the way they have done in Iraq and Syria.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/isis-fails-to-gain-much-traction-in-yemen-1459203675|title=ISIS Fails to Gain Much Traction in Yemen|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=28 March 2016|access-date=16 April 2016}}{{subscription required}} The group has also experienced leadership turmoil and defections from its rank and file.{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/12/more-islamic-state-members-reject-governor-of-yemen-province.php|title=More Islamic State members reject governor of Yemen Province|work=Long War Journal|date=28 December 2015|access-date=29 December 2015}}

As of 2022, the group serves a key financial intermediary between Somalia and Khorasan provinces.

{{Main|Islamic State – Algeria Province}}

{{Further|Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)}}

Members of a militant group named Jund al-Khilafah swore allegiance to IS in September 2014.{{cite web|last=Fadel|first=Leila|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/11/18/364942091/with-cash-and-cachet-the-islamic-state-expands-its-empire|title=With Cash And Cachet, The Islamic State Expands Its Empire|date=18 November 2014|publisher=NPR}} IS in Algeria gained notoriety when it beheaded French tourist Hervé Gourdel in September 2014. On 13 November 2014, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi announced that the group had changed its name to "Wilayah al-Jazair" in accordance to the structure of the rest of groups aligned with IS. Algerian security forces killed the group's leader, Khalid Abu-Sulayman, in December 2014, and five of its six commanders in a May 2015 raid. Since then, the group has not claimed any significant attacks and has largely been silent.{{cite news|title=If at First You Don't Succeed, Try Deception: The Islamic State's Expansion Efforts in Algeria|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44595&cHash=26ec1c1001c9fbadaee35008b6f2c174#.VmT_-3YrLIU|access-date=7 December 2015|work=Jamestown Foundation|date=13 November 2015}}

{{Main|Islamic State – West Africa Province}}

{{Further|Boko Haram insurgency|Boko Haram}}

File:BokoHaraminsurgency.png

On 7 March 2015, Boko Haram's leader Abubakar Shekau pledged allegiance to IS via an audio message posted on the organisation's Twitter account.{{cite news|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538|title = Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State|publisher = BBC News|date = 7 March 2015 |access-date = 7 March 2015}}{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/boko-haram-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state/387235/ |title=The Islamic State of Boko Haram? :The terrorist group has pledged its allegiance to ISIS. But what does that really mean? |author=Adam Chandler |date=9 March 2015|magazine=The Atlantic}} Abu Mohammad al-Adnani welcomed the pledge of allegiance, and described it as an expansion of the group's caliphate to West Africa.{{cite web | url=https://news.yahoo.com/accepts-allegiance-nigeria-jihadists-boko-haram-201513146.html | title=IS welcomes Boko Haram allegiance: tape | publisher=AFP | date=12 March 2015 | access-date=12 March 2015}} IS publications from late March 2015 began referring to members of Boko Haram as part of Wilayat Gharb Ifriqiyyah (Islamic State's West Africa Province).{{cite web|title=ISIS Global Intelligence Summary March 1 – May 7, 2015|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS%20INTSUM_Final.pdf|publisher=Institute for the Study of War|date=10 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015}} Boko Haram suffered significant reversals in the year following the pledge of allegiance, with an offensive by the Nigerian military, assisted by neighboring powers, driving them from much of the territory they had seized in North East Nigeria.{{cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/20/boko-harams-buyers-remorse/|title=Boko Haram's Buyer's Remorse|work=Foreign Policy Magazine|date=20 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016}} Boko Haram suffered a split in 2016, with IS appointing 'Abu Musab al-Barnawi' as the group's new leader, due to disagreements with Abubakar Shekau's leadership. This was rejected by Shekau and his supporters, who continued to operate independently.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36963711|title=Boko Haram in Nigeria: Abu Musab al-Barnawi named as new leader|date=3 August 2016|publisher=BBC News|access-date=3 August 2016}}{{cite news|title=Behind Boko Haram's Split: A Leader Too Radical for Islamic State|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827|access-date=2 October 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 September 2016}}{{subscription required}}

On 24 January 2022, the small town of Gudumbali was captured and declared as the province's capital. However, it was recaptured by Nigerian troops on 26 January.{{Cite news|title=Troops battle ISWAP in Borno, dislodge caliphate HQ, recover Gudumbali|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/01/26/troops-battle-iswap-in-borno-dislodge-caliphate-hq-recover-gudumbali/|last=Maina|first=Maina|date=26 January 2022|work=Daily Post}}

In the summer of 2022, ISWAP made several territorial gains in Nigeria.{{cite web | url=https://humanglemedia.com/iswap-still-controls-vast-areas-of-guzamala-in-northeast/ | title=ISWAP Still Controls Vast Areas of Guzamala in Northeast | date=30 June 2022 }}

As of September 2022, the group continues to maintain its stronghold in northeastern Nigeria, and has again integrated or eclipsed its former competitor Boko Haram, as several fighters have rejoined the group. The group also orchestrated a prison break in July, near Abuja.

In October 2022, the town of Ansongo was captured by IS's Sahel province.{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/islamist-militants-mali-kill-hundreds-displace-thousands-eastern-advance-2022-10-14/ | title=Islamist militants in Mali kill hundreds, displace thousands in eastern advance | newspaper=Reuters | date=14 October 2022 | last1=Diallo | first1=Tiemoko }}

{{Main|Islamic State – Caucasus Province}}

{{See also|Insurgency in the North Caucasus|Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus}}

IS militants in Syria issued a threat to Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2014: "we will liberate Chechnya and the entire Caucasus, God willing. Your throne has already teetered, it is under threat and will fall when we come to you because Allah is truly on our side."{{cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/06/islamic-state-militants-want-to-fight-putin-2/|title=Islamic State militants want to fight Putin |date=6 September 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post}} In early 2015, commanders of the militant Caucasus Emirate group in Chechnya and Dagestan announced their defection and pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.{{cite news| url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44051&cHash=973198e3db1a533a0115a648cad28b2a#.VYNxKfmqqko| title=What Caused the Demise of the Caucasus Emirate?| newspaper=Jamestown| date=18 June 2015| publisher=Jamestown Foundation}}{{cite news |title=Caucasus Emirate and Islamic State Split Slows Militant Activities in North Caucasus| newspaper=Jamestown |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=43542&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=817653426dd1c50e08a874b89567939a#.VOKW5vmUe4Y|date=13 February 2014 |access-date=17 February 2015 |publisher=Jamestown Foundation}} In a June 2015 audio statement posted online, IS spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani accepted the pledges of allegiance and appointed Abu Muhammad al-Qadari (Rustam Asildarov) as Governor of a new Caucasus Province. He called on other militants in the region to join with and follow al-Qadari.{{cite web|url=http://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-declares-governorate-russia%E2%80%99s-north-caucasus-region|title=ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region|date=23 June 2015|publisher=Institute for the Study of War}}{{cite news|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=44086&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=a29e6568ca638e2c94b89a2be9cd6d18#.VZCIX_mqqkp|title=Two North Caucasus Rebel Leaders Face Off in Islamic State–Caucasus Emirate Dispute

|newspaper=Jamestown

|date=26 June 2015 |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation|access-date=5 July 2015}} The group has carried out occasional, low-level attacks since then.{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/islamic-state-north-caucasus-affiliate-call-for-recruits-daghestan/27285024.html|title=IS's North Caucasus Affiliate Calls For Recruits To Join It in Daghestan|date=3 October 2015|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=3 October 2015}} Russian security services killed Rustam Asildarov in December 2016.{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/russian-security-says-killed-north-caucasus-islamic-state-004759157.html|title=Russian security service says killed North Caucasus Islamic State 'emir'|date=4 December 2016|publisher=AFP|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417002314/https://www.yahoo.com/news/russian-security-says-killed-north-caucasus-islamic-state-004759157.html|url-status=dead}}

{{Main|Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade}}

In February 2014, the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem declared its support for IS.{{cite news |first=Asmaa |last=al-Ghoul |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/originals/2014/02/isis-gaza-salafist-jihadist-qaeda-hamas.html |title=Gaza Salafists pledge allegiance to ISIS |work=Al-Monitor |location=Gaza City, Gaza Strip |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014}} On 2{{spaces}}April 2015, elements of this group, along with members of the Army of Islam and the Gaza faction of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis,{{Cite news |url=http://www.vocativ.com/world/israel-world/egyptian-group-claims-killed-3-israeli-teens/ |title=Egyptian group claims it killed the Three Israeli Teens |last=Levy |first=Rachael |date=1 July 2014 |work=Vocative |access-date=2 June 2015 |archive-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212232619/https://www.vocativ.com/world/israel-world/egyptian-group-claims-killed-3-israeli-teens/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |author=BBC Monitoring |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25882504 |title=Egypt attack: Profile of Sinai Province militant group |date=30 January 2015 |publisher=BBC News |access-date =2 June 2015}} formed the Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade, also known as Islamic State in Gaza,{{Cite news |url=http://www.vocativ.com/world/israel-world/isis-operating-gaza/ |title=ISIS: We Are Operating in Gaza |last=Levy |first=Rachael |date=9 June 2014 |work=Vocative |access-date=2 June 2015 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816061921/https://www.vocativ.com/world/israel-world/isis-operating-gaza/ |url-status=dead }} as it predominantly operates in the Gaza Strip.

{{Main|Islamic State in Somalia}}

The Islamic State in Somalia (ISS) has been active since 2015, and though it remains a small militia of around 300 fighters, it has been considered possible by experts that ISS controls a number of villages in Puntland's hinterland.{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somali-officials-condemn-attacks-vow-revenge-/3894423.html|title=Somali Officials Condemn Attacks, Vow Revenge |author=Harun Maruf|publisher=Voice of America|date=9 June 2017|access-date=28 June 2017}} Furthermore, the group managed to capture and hold the town of Qandala for over a month in late 2016. At first, ISS did not receive official recognition by the Islamic State,{{sfnp|Warner|2017|p=30}} however, this was subsequently granted by December 2017.

As of 2022, the group serves as an intermediary for IS provinces in Africa and the leadership based in Syria and Iraq. It also finances ISKP via Yemen.

{{main|Islamic State – Sahel Province}}

{{further|Islamist insurgency in the Sahel|Mali War}}

File:The activity area of the ISGS.png

The Islamic State – Sahel Province was formed on 15 May 2015 as the result of a split within the militant group Al-Mourabitoun. The rift was a reaction to the adherence of one of its leaders, Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahraoui,{{cite news|url=https://editorials.voa.gov/a/rewards-for-isis-gs-leader-adnan-abu-walid/5117310.html|title=Rewards for ISIS-GS Leader Adnan Abu Walid|date=10 October 2019|work=VOA|access-date=28 November 2019|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105013309/https://editorials.voa.gov/a/rewards-for-isis-gs-leader-adnan-abu-walid/5117310.html|url-status=live}} to the Islamic State. From March 2019 to 2022, IS-GS was formally part of the Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP);{{sfnp|Zenn|2020|p=6}} when it was also called "ISWAP-Greater Sahara".{{sfnp|Bacon|Warner|2021|p=80}} In March 2022, IS declared the province autonomous, separating it from its West Africa Province{{Cite news |title=The State of al Qaeda and ISIS Around the World |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/the-state-of-al-qaeda-and-isis-around-the-world |last1=Chesnutt |first1=Kate |date=2022-09-08 |work=Critical Threats |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Katherine}} and naming it Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISSP) the group would go on to takeover large swathes of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. Between 2022 and 2023, the group saw major gains in the Mali War, occupying large swarths of territory in southeastern Mali. Tidermène was captured by the group on 12 April 2023.{{citation | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0fgbb9g | publisher=BBC | year=2023 | language=English | title=BBC Africa Today: Islamic State Sahel Province fighters seize commune in Mali}}

{{Main|Abu Sayyaf{{!}}Islamic State – East Asia Province|Islamic State – Philippines Province}}

File:Bombing on Marawi City.jpg set ablaze after President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the Philippine Air Force to conduct airstrikes against IS insurgents in the city during the Battle of Marawi]]

Abu Sayyaf is IS's most powerful affiliate in the Philippines; another IS-affiliated group is the Maute group. Both groups worked together with other IS affiliates to seize parts of Marawi City on 23 May 2017, starting the Battle of Marawi.{{cite news |last1=Villamor |first1=Felipe |last2=Emont |first2=Jon |title=ISIS' Core Helps Fund Militants in Philippines, Report Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/world/asia/philippines-isis-marawi-duterte.html |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=20 July 2017 |language=en}}

On 16 October, IS's Emir of Southeast Asia Isnilon Hapilon, along with the Maute group's remaining leader Omar Maute was killed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Previously, the Maute group's co-leader and Omar's brother Abdullah Maute, as well as their other five male siblings, had been neutralized by the ongoing counter-offensives. Two days after the leaders' death, the Armed Forces of the Philippines said Malaysian terrorist and senior commander Mahmud Ahmad is also presumed killed in another operation.

The Battle of Marawi was declared over by 23 October by the government, at which point all participating militants have been successfully neutralized, effectively blocking IS's Asian expansion. The government wiped out the Maute group after the battle.

In December 2017, remnants of the Maute group started recruiting new members to form a new group called "Turaifie Group" whose leader, Abu Turaifie, claimed himself to be a successor of former leader Abu Sayyaf Isnilon Hapilon.{{cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/15/17/maute-recruitment-continues-around-marawi-afp|title=Maute recruitment continues around Marawi – AFP|website=ABS-CBN Corporation|date=15 December 2017|access-date=10 January 2018}}

As of 2022, only pockets in Indonesia and the Philippines remain, and major attacks have decreased as a result of successful counterterrorism efforts by the governments of both states.

During 2023, IS witnessed a major resurgence in the Philippines (especially from August), with the group claiming more attacks in the country than during the previous 2 years combined, including several significant attacks such as the Mindanao State University bombing in Marawi.{{cite news|url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Statements/is-claims-bombing-at-catholic-mass-in-philippines.html|title=IS Claims Bombing at Catholic Mass in Philippines|website=SITE Intel Group}}{{cite news|url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/inSITE-on-Islamic-State/weekly-insite-on-the-islamic-state-for-august-23-29-2023.html|title=Weekly inSITE on the Islamic State for August 23-29, 2023|website=SITE Intel Group}}

On 22 March 2024, the Philippines announced that Abu Sayyaf had been "fully dismantled", bringing an end to the decades-long jihadist insurgency.{{Cite web |date=22 March 2024 |title=Philippine General Says Abu Sayyaf Group is 'Dismantled' {{!}} Atlas News |work=Atlas |url=https://theatlasnews.co/latest/2024/03/22/philippine-general-says-abu-sayyaf-group-is-dismantled/ |access-date=27 March 2024 |language=en-US |last1=Camarena |first1=Joaquin }}

According to the Islamic State Al-Naba newspaper, the group continued to conduct attacks on the Philippine Government and Army and the Moro militias until 11 April, which is yet to be confirmed by official Philippine Government sources.

{{Main|Islamic State – Central Africa Province}}

In October 2017, a video emerged on pro-IS channels that showed a small number of militants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo who declared to be part of the "City of Monotheism and Monotheists" (MTM) group. The leader of the group went on to say that "this is Dar al-Islam of the Islamic State in Central Africa" and called upon other like-minded individuals to travel to MTM territory in order to join the war against the government. The Long War Journal noted that though this pro-IS group in Congo appeared to be very small, its emergence had gained a notable amount of attention from IS sympathizers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/islamic-state-loyal-group-calls-for-people-to-join-the-jihad-in-the-congo.php |title=Islamic State-loyal group calls for people to join the jihad in the Congo |author=Caleb Weiss |work=Long War Journal |date=15 October 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017}} On 24 July 2019, a video was released referring to IS's presence in the country as the Central African Wilayat showing fighters pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.{{cite web |url=https://jihadology.net/2019/07/24/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-and-the-best-outcome-is-for-the-righteous-wilayat-wasa%e1%b9%ad-ifriqiyyah/ |title=New video message from The Islamic State: "And The [Best] Outcome Is for the Righteous – Wilāyat Wasaṭ Ifrīqīyyah" |date=24 July 2019 |website=jihadology.net}}

As of 2022, the group has doubled its territory and increased its numbers as a result of orchestrated prison breaks, with 2,000 prisoners freed since 2020.

{{Main|Insurgency in Cabo Delgado}}

After taking control of the Mozambican town of Mocímboa da Praia during an offensive in August 2020, local IS insurgents declared it the capital of their province. The militants consequently expanded further by capturing several islands in the Indian Ocean, with Vamizi Island being the most prominent.{{cite news |title=ISIS take over luxury islands popular among A-list celebrities |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/isis-take-over-luxury-islands-popular-among-alist-celebrities/news-story/27687dc58907ec892f4a29ae43d5d858 |publisher=News.com.au |date=18 September 2020}}

In May 2022, the province was separated from Central Africa Province and became known as the Mozambique Province (ISM).

{{Main|Islamic State – Hind Province|Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{See also|Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq#India}}

The Islamic State operated in India and the Kashmir region through its Islamic State Jammu & Kashmir (ISJK) branch, which had begun in February 2016.{{cite web |title=Islamic State Jammu & Kashmir – (Islamic State / ISJK / ISISJK) |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/islamic-state-jammu-kashmir-islamic-state-isjk-isisjk |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium}} The Islamic State – Khorasan Province declared Wilayah [Wilayat] al-Hind (India Province) for IS on 11 May 2019 after clashes in Jammu and Kashmir in which ISJK leader Ishfaq Ahmad Sofi was killed.[https://arabic.euronews.com/2019/05/11/islamic-state-claims-province-in-india-for-first-time-after-clash-in-kashmir Islamic State claims province in India for first time after clash in Kashmir]. Euronews.

Shafi Armar, a former member of the Indian Mujahideen, was formerly the chief of operations for the IS in India.{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Shafi Armar: 26-year-old sought to set up ISIS module in every Indian state – Oneindia News |url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/shafi-armar-26-years-old-sought-to-set-up-isis-module-in-every-indian-state-2002766.html |website=oneindia.com}} He and his brother Sultan Armar founded the Indian IS affiliates Ansar-ut Tawhid fi Bilad al-Hind ({{Trans|Supporters of Monotheism in the Land of India}}) and Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind ({{Trans|Caliph's Army of India}}).{{Cite web |title=Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind / Army of Caliph of India (Islamic State India/ ISI / ISISI) |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/janood-ul-khalifa-e-hind-army-caliph-india/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Ansar-ut Tawhid fi Bilad al-Hind (AuT) |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/ansar-ut-tawhid-fi-bilad-al-hind-aut/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium |language=en-US}} Both he and his brother were killed in action during Syrian Civil War in 2015, which was only confirmed in 2019 because his online account was controlled by other militants in the group which added to the confusion.{{Cite news |title=Bhatkal's Armar brothers who ran the Indian Islamic State confirmed dead |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/bhatkals-armar-brothers-who-ran-the-indian-islamic-state-confirmed-dead-2869576.html |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Oneindia}} Janood-ul-Khalifa-e-Hind has published the pro-IS propaganda magazine Sawt al-Hind ({{trans|Voice of India}}) since February 2020.{{cite web |last1=Taneja |first1=Kabir |date=16 April 2020 |title=Islamic State propaganda in India |url=https://orfonline.org/research/islamic-state-propaganda-india-64715/ |website=Observer Research Foundation}}

On 20 March 2024, the special forces arrested the IS India chief, Haris Farooqi and one of his associates while they were trying to cross to India from neighbouring Bangladesh. Police explained that the suspects had planned many sabotage activities and IED attacks inside India.{{Cite news |title=ISIS India Head, Key Aide Arrested In Major Op In Assam's Dhubri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/isis-india-head-key-aide-arrested-in-major-op-in-assams-dhubri-5277463 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=NDTV}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Bengal Province}}

Islamic State – Bengal Province (Wilayat al-Bengal) is the province of IS in Bangladesh, it operates through the group Islamic State Bangladesh (ISB) and has claimed attacks in the country since October 2015. Neo-Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, an offshoot of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, also operates as its branch.{{cite web |title=Islamic State Bangladesh (ISB, ISISB) -- Abu Jandal al-Bangali |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/islamic-state-bangladesh-isb-isisb-abu-jandal-al-bangali/ |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium}}[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/is-names-new-emir-in-bengal-issues-threat-to-carry-out-attacks-in-india-and-bangladesh/articleshow/69122283.cms IS names new emir in Bengal issues threat to carry out attacks in India and Bangladesh]. Times of India.

The first emir of Wilayat al-Bengal, Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif, is believed to be Mohammad Saifullah Ozaki (born as Sajit Chandra Debnath, 1982)

a Bangladeshi Japanese economist who went to Syria in 2015 and joined IS. A Hindu convert to Islam, he reportedly lead the 2016 Dhaka attack. He was detained in Iraq in 2019 and Abu Muhammed al-Bengali was announced as the new emir of the province.{{cite web |title=Ex-Ritsumeikan professor held in Iraq for terrorist recruitment |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13063898 |website=The Asahi Shimbun |language=en}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Azerbaijan Province}}

On 2 July 2019, as part of a series of videos showing supporters and fighters of IS around the world renewing their pledge of allegiance to IS, a video was published from Azerbaijan featuring three fighters armed with Kalashnikov style rifles pledging their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The video was formally released by IS.{{Cite web|url=https://jihadology.net/2019/07/02/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-and-the-best-outcome-is-for-the-righteous-azerbaijan/|title = New video message from the Islamic State: "And the [Best] Outcome is for the Righteous – Azerbaijan"}}

4 months later, after al-Baghdadi's death on 27 October 2019, Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi received pledges of allegiance (bayah) from various provinces and regions, with photos of fighters from Azerbaijan pledging allegiance to him, on 29 November.{{Cite web|url=https://jihadology.net/2019/11/03/the-islamic-states-bayat-campaign/|title=The Islamic State's Bayat Campaign|website=jihadology.net|access-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221213303/https://jihadology.net/2019/11/03/the-islamic-states-bayat-campaign/|archive-date=21 December 2019|url-status=live}}

On 19 September, 2024, the Islamic State claimed its first-ever attack in Azerbaijan, via its weekly Al-Naba newsletter, claiming to have killed 7 Azeri security personnel and wounded 1 in a clash in Qusar district, northern Azerbaijan, five days prior.{{Cite news |date=19 September 2024 |title=In First Recorded Fighting Activity in Azerbaijan, IS Reports Clash in Qusar District Inflicting 8 Casualties |url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Statements/in-first-recorded-fighting-activity-in-azerbaijan-is-reports-clash-in-qusar-district-inflicting-8-casualties.html |work=SITE}}

{{Main|Islamic State – Turkey Province}}

Wilayat Turkiya was formally declared in July 2019 when a video was published by IS featuring Turkish jihadists giving their bay'ah to the group's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Reference was also made to the Wilayat prior to its formal introduction, in April 2019 in a video featuring the group's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in his second ever video appearance, and first appearance in five years, he was seen holding dossiers from various Wilayats the group claims one of which was labeled as Wilayat Turkey, which was the first known such usage as a reference to the Turkish Wilayat.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/baghdadi-is-backand-vows-that-isis-will-be-too|title=Baghdadi is Back—and Vows the Islamic State Will be, Too|magazine=The New Yorker|date=29 April 2019}}[https://thedefensepost.com/2019/07/11/islamic-state-turkey-province-bayah-video/ Islamic State Turkey province video claims new wilayah in old turf], Defense Post{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/extremism-watch_decentralizing-provinces-bid-return/6172319.html|title=IS Decentralizing Into 'Provinces' in Bid to Return|website=VOA|date=21 July 2019 |access-date=17 March 2023}}

The Islamic State's main base of operations was in their territory of Ar-Raqqah in Syria, until 2017, where it was recaptured by the Syrian Democratic Forces. From there, orders were given to affiliate groups, called wilayat, spread across the Levant, Asia and Africa. Few of these wilayat have declared their capital cities, with the exception of al-Sham with Ar-Raqqah,{{sfnp|Rasheed|2015|p=3}} al-Iraq with Mosul, and Central Africa with Mocímboa da Praia.{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/islamic-state-attacks-surging-africa/2020/10/18/2e16140e-1079-11eb-8a35-237ef1eb2ef7_story.html|title=ISIS attacks surge in Africa even as Trump boasts of a '100-percent' defeated caliphate|date=18 October 2020|newspaper= The Washington Post}} It also had claims on the entirety of the Muslim world, including Central Asia, the former Ottoman Balkans, South East Asia, and the northern part of Africa.{{Cite news|title=ISIS map of areas it wants to take over by 2020 includes India|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/india-in-2020-if-isis-plans-succeed-287500-2015-08-10|work=India Today|year=2015}}{{cite web| url = https://www.dawn.com/news/1116799| title = What ISIS and the 'caliphate' mean for Pakistan – DAWN.COM| date = 3 July 2014}} Other times, however, it expressed also a desire for world domination, with labels on certain areas of the old world as well as the new world.{{Cite AV media|publisher=Al Furqan Media Foundation|year=2014|title=Although The Disbelievers Dislike It}}{{cite web | url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2014/11/17/although-the-disbelievers-dislike-it-the-hidden-message/ | title=Although the Disbelievers Dislike It - the Hidden Message | date=17 November 2014 }}

In addition to its territorial administration, the group also established dāwāwīn (ministries) for the political administration of the quasi-state under al-Baghdadi's administration,{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2020.1759694|title=Education in conflict: how Islamic State established its curriculum|last1=Arvisais|first1=Olivier|last2=Guidère|first2=Mathieu|year=2020|journal=Journal of Curriculum Studies|volume=52|issue=4 |pages=498–515 |doi=10.1080/00220272.2020.1759694 |s2cid=218925756 }}{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26297420|title=The Evolution in Islamic State Administration: The Documentary Evidence|last=al-Tamimi|first= Aymenn|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |year=2015|publisher=Terrorism Research Initiative|volume=9|issue=4 |pages=117–129 |jstor=26297420 }}{{cite AV media|url=https://archive.org/details/the-structure-of-the-khilafah |title=The Structure of the Caliphate |date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Al-Furqan Media Foundation}} modelled after Abu Ayyub al-Masri's infrastructure for the Islamic State of Iraq.{{cite web|url= https://www.iemed.org/publication/isis-administrative-and-territorial-organization/ |title= ISIS Administrative and Territorial Organization |last=Jefferis |first=Jennifer |publisher=Near East and South Asia Centre for Strategic Studies |location=Washington, D.C.}}

{{Unsorted list|section|date=March 2023}}

Islamic State had created various regional offices during the period (2017–2019) to organize & direct its human and other resources & reviving its external operational capability.{{cite web | url=https://kyleorton.substack.com/p/reduced-but-rebuilding-united-nations | title=Reduced, but Rebuilding: United Nations Reports on Islamic State and Al-Qaeda }}{{cite web | url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-general-directorate-of-provinces-managing-the-islamic-states-global-network/ | title=The General Directorate of Provinces: Managing the Islamic State's Global Network | date=26 July 2023 }}{{cite web | url=https://warontherocks.com/2024/07/a-globally-integrated-islamic-state/ | title=A Globally Integrated Islamic State | date=15 July 2024 }}

The “most vigorous and best-established” of IS's offices set up at the centre to oversee the wilayats are:

Al-Siddiq office in Afghanistan, which “covers South Asia and, according to some UN Member States, Central Asia”;

Al-Karrar office in Somalia, which also covers Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); and

Al-Furqan office in the Lake Chad basin, where the borders of Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria converge. The Furqan office covers these states in North Africa and the broader western Sahel, overseeing ISGS/ISSP.

IS's other “three regional offices are low-functioning or moribund”, says the Monitoring Team, and these are:

Al-Anfal office in Libya, which covered “parts of northern Africa and the Sahel”;

The Umm al-Qura office “based in Yemen and … responsible for the Arabian Peninsula”; and

The Zu al-Nurayn office in the Sinai Peninsula “responsible for Egypt and the Sudan”.{{cite tweet|user=jseldin|number=1549397636268056580|title=The other #ISIS networks}}

{{See also|Killing of captives by the Islamic State|Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul}}

The territories in Iraq and Syria, which was occupied by the Islamic State and claimed as part of its self-dubbed "Caliphate"{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/23/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-isis-caliphate |title=The Rise and Fall of the Isis 'Caliphate' |last=Chulov |first=Martin |date=March 24, 2019 |website=The Guardian |access-date=April 3, 2021}} saw the creation of one of the most criminally active, totalitarian corrupt and violent regimes in modern times, and it ruled that territory until its defeat in 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/02/05/bringing-isis-justice-running-out-time |title=Bringing ISIS to Justice: Running Out of Time? |last=Houry |first=Nadim |date=February 5, 2019 |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=April 3, 2021}} IS murdered tens of thousands of civilians,{{Cite news|last=Nebehay|first=Stephanie|date=2014-10-02|title=Islamic State committing 'staggering' crimes in Iraq: U.N. report|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-un-idUSKCN0HR0R120141002|access-date=2020-11-04}}

kidnapped several thousand people, and forced hundreds of thousands of others to flee. It systematically committed torture, mass rapes, forced marriages,{{cite web |url=http://globaljusticecenter.net/blog/20-publications/briefs-and-white-papers/914-iraq-s-criminal-laws-preclude-justice-for-women-and-girls |title=Iraq's Criminal Laws Preclude Justice for Women and Girls |date=March 26, 2018 |website=Global Justice Center |access-date=April 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617180446/https://globaljusticecenter.net/blog/20-publications/briefs-and-white-papers/914-iraq-s-criminal-laws-preclude-justice-for-women-and-girls |url-status=dead }} extreme acts of ethnic cleansing, mass murder, genocide, robbery, extortion, smuggling, slavery, kidnappings, and the use of child soldiers; in its implementation of strict interpretations of Sharia law which were based on ancient eighth-century methods, they carried out public "punishments"{{Cite web|last=Speckhard|first=Anne|title=The Punishments of the Islamic State – ICSVE|date=24 January 2019 |url=https://www.icsve.org/the-punishments-of-the-islamic-state/|access-date=2020-11-04|language=en-US}} such as beheadings, crucifixions, beatings, mutilation and dismemberment, the stoning of both children and adults, and the live burning of people. IS members committed rape against tens of thousands of girls and women (mainly members of non-Sunni minority groups and families).

On 29 May, IS raided a village in Syria and at least 15 civilians were killed, including, according to Human Rights Watch, at least six children.{{cite news |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/14/syria-isis-summarily-killed-civilians |title=Syria: ISIS Summarily Killed Civilians |date=14 June 2014 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814033537/https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/14/syria-isis-summarily-killed-civilians |archive-date=14 August 2018 |url-status=live }} A hospital in the area confirmed that it had received 15 bodies on the same day.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27726035?print=true |title=Syria conflict: Amnesty says ISIS killed seven children in north |date=6 June 2014 |work=BBC News |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818023151/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27726035?print=true |archive-date=18 August 2019 |url-status=live }} The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that on 1 June, a 102-year-old man was killed along with his whole family in a village in Hama province.{{cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/06/01/NGO-ISIS-kills-102-year-old-man-family-in-Syria-.html |title=NGO: ISIS kills 102-year-old man, family in Syria |publisher=Al Arabiya English |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=1 June 2014 |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702172050/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/06/01/NGO-ISIS-kills-102-year-old-man-family-in-Syria-.html |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=live }} According to Reuters, 1,878 people were killed in Syria by IS during the last six months of 2014, most of them civilians.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-casualties-idUSKBN0K60EK20141228 |title=Islamic State executed nearly 2,000 people in six months: monitor |work=Reuters |first=Oliver |last=Holmes |date=28 December 2014 |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033609/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/28/us-mideast-crisis-casualties-idUSKBN0K60EK20141228 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |url-status=live }}

During its occupation of Mosul, IS implemented a sharia school curriculum which banned the teaching of art, music, national history, literature and Christianity. Although Charles Darwin's theory of evolution has never been taught in Iraqi schools, that subject was also banned from the school curriculum. Patriotic songs were declared blasphemous, and orders were given to remove certain pictures from school textbooks.{{cite news |last1=Bacchi |first1=Umberto |title=ISIS Medieval School Curriculum: No Music, Art and Literature for Mosul Kids |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-medieval-school-curriculum-no-music-art-literature-mosul-kids-1465590 |work=International Business Times |access-date=2019-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724184601/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-medieval-school-curriculum-no-music-art-literature-mosul-kids-1465590 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Spencer |first=Richard |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11099882/Islamic-State-issues-new-school-curriculum-in-Iraq.html |title=Islamic State issues new school curriculum in Iraq |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=16 September 2014 |location=London |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111113449/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11099882/Islamic-State-issues-new-school-curriculum-in-Iraq.html |archive-date=11 November 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-eradicates-art-history-and-music-from-curriculum-in-iraq/ |title=ISIS eradicates art, history and music from curriculum in Iraq |date=15 September 2014 |publisher=CBS News |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927030736/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-eradicates-art-history-and-music-from-curriculum-in-iraq/ |archive-date=27 September 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-16/mosul-schools-go-back-in-time-as-militants-impose-new-curriculum.html |title=Mosul Schools Go Back in Time With Islamic State Curriculum |date=17 September 2014 |first1=Zaid |last1=Sabah |first2=Khalid |last2=Al-Ansary |newspaper=Bloomberg News |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127133459/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-16/mosul-schools-go-back-in-time-as-militants-impose-new-curriculum.html |archive-date=27 January 2015 |url-status=live }} Iraqi parents largely boycotted schools in which the new curriculum was introduced.{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/uk-travel/parents-boycott-militants-curriculum-gmkxg0wrr5f?region=global |title=Parents boycott militants' curriculum |date=17 September 2014 |first=Catherine |last=Philp |newspaper=The Times |location=London |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506064239/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article4208724.ece |archive-date=6 May 2016 |url-status=live }}

After capturing cities in Iraq, IS issued guidelines on how to wear clothes and veils. IS warned women in the city of Mosul to wear full-face veils or face severe punishment.{{cite news |title=Islamic State says women in Mosul must wear full veil or be punished |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/islamic-state-says-women-in-mosul-must-wear-full-veil-or-be-punished-1.1878642 |date=26 July 2014 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819204104/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/islamic-state-says-women-in-mosul-must-wear-full-veil-or-be-punished-1.1878642 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |url-status=live }} A cleric told Reuters in Mosul that IS gunmen had ordered him to read out the warning in his mosque when worshippers gathered. IS ordered the faces of both male and female mannequins to be covered, in an order which also banned the use of naked mannequins.{{cite news |title=Islamic State tells Mosul shopkeepers to cover up naked mannequins |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10985288/Islamic-State-tells-Mosul-shopkeepers-to-cover-up-naked-mannequins.html |work=The Telegraph |location=London |first=Damien |last=McElroy |date=23 July 2014 |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121035133/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10985288/Islamic-State-tells-Mosul-shopkeepers-to-cover-up-naked-mannequins.html |archive-date=21 November 2019 |url-status=live }} In Raqqa the group used its two battalions of female fighters in the city to enforce compliance by women with its strict laws on individual conduct.{{cite news |title=ISIS Is Actively Recruiting Female Fighters To Brutalize Other Women |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/isis-has-female-battalions-too-2014-10 |work=Business Insider |access-date=2019-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023125302/https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-has-female-battalions-too-2014-10 |archive-date=2019-10-23 |url-status=live }}

IS released 16 notes labelled "Contract of the City", a set of rules aimed at civilians in Nineveh. One rule stipulated that women should stay at home and not go outside unless necessary. Another rule said that stealing would be punished by amputation.{{cite magazine |last=Zelin |first=Aaron Y. |date=13 June 2014 |title=The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Has a Consumer Protection Office |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/06/the-isis-guide-to-building-an-islamic-state/372769/ |magazine=The Atlantic |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912062703/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/06/the-isis-guide-to-building-an-islamic-state/372769/ |archive-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |title=The rules in ISIS' new state: Amputations for stealing and women to stay indoors. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/06/12/the-rules-in-isis-new-state-amputations-for-stealing-and-women-to-stay-indoors/ |date=12 June 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205013716/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/06/12/the-rules-in-isis-new-state-amputations-for-stealing-and-women-to-stay-indoors |archive-date=5 December 2015 |url-status=live }} In addition to banning the sale and use of alcohol, IS banned the sale and use of cigarettes and hookah pipes. It also banned "music and songs in cars, at parties, in shops and in public, as well as photographs of people in shop windows".{{cite news |title=ISIS bans music, imposes veil in Raqqa |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/01/isis-raqq-ban-music-smoking-impose-veil.html##ixzz3DAwTxPf5 |work=Al-Monitor |date=20 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913104620/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/01/isis-raqq-ban-music-smoking-impose-veil.html |archive-date=13 September 2014}}

According to The Economist, the group also adopted certain practices seen in Saudi Arabia, including the establishment of religious police to root out "vice" and enforce attendance at daily prayers, the widespread use of capital punishment, and the destruction of Christian churches and non-Sunni mosques or their conversion to other uses.{{cite magazine |title=Crime and punishment in Saudi Arabia: The other beheaders |magazine=The Economist |date=20 September 2014 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21618918-possible-reasons-mysterious-surge-executions-other-beheaders |access-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029145157/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21618918-possible-reasons-mysterious-surge-executions-other-beheaders |archive-date=29 October 2014 |url-status=live }}

IS carried out executions on both men and women who were accused of various acts and found guilty of crimes against Islam such as sodomy,{{Cite news |title=Isis executes more than 4,000 people in less than two years |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-has-executed-more-than-4000-people-in-under-two-years-of-the-islamic-state-in-syria-a7007876.html |work=Independent |date=30 April 2016 |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901223253/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-has-executed-more-than-4000-people-in-under-two-years-of-the-islamic-state-in-syria-a7007876.html |archive-date=1 September 2019 |url-status=live }} adultery, usage and possession of contraband, rape, blasphemy, witchcraft,"[https://news.yahoo.com/first-beheads-two-women-syria-monitor-073538672.html IS beheads two civilian women in Syria: monitor] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704173057/https://news.yahoo.com/first-beheads-two-women-syria-monitor-073538672.html |date=4 July 2015}}". Yahoo News. 30 June 2015. renouncing Islam and murder. Before the accused were executed, their charges were read to them and the spectators. Executions take various forms, including stoning to death, crucifixions, beheadings, burning people alive, and throwing people from tall buildings.{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Heather |date=22 January 2015 |title=Isis publishes penal code listing amputation, crucifixion and stoning as punishments – and vows to vigilantly enforce it |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-publishes-penal-code-listing-amputation-crucifixion-and-stoning-as-punishments-and-vows-to-vigilantly-enforce-it-9994878.html |website=Independent |location=London |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193541/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-publishes-penal-code-listing-amputation-crucifixion-and-stoning-as-punishments--and-vows-to-vigilantly-enforce-it-9994878.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Withnall |first=Adam |date=18 January 2015 |title=Isis throws 'gay' men off tower, stones woman accused of adultery and crucifies 17 young men in 'retaliatory' wave of executions |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-throws-gay-men-off-tower-stones-woman-accused-of-adultery-and-crucifies-17-young-men-in-retaliatory-wave-of-executions-9986410.html |website=Independent |location=London |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193552/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-throws-gay-men-off-tower-stones-woman-accused-of-adultery-and-crucifies-17-young-men-in-retaliatory-wave-of-executions-9986410.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Rush |first=James |date=3 February 2015 |title=Images emerge of 'gay' man 'thrown from building by Isis militants before he is stoned to death after surviving fall' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/images-emerge-of-gay-man-thrown-from-building-by-isis-militants-before-he-is-stoned-to-death-after-surviving-fall-10019743.html |work=Independent |location=London |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193323/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/images-emerge-of-gay-man-thrown-from-building-by-isis-militants-before-he-is-stoned-to-death-after-surviving-fall-10019743.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Daragahi |first=Borzou |date=25 February 2015 |title=Isis brutality in Iraq reawakens Sunni resistance |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/43594cf2-bce5-11e4-9902-00144feab7de.html |website=Financial Times |access-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120050221/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/43594cf2-bce5-11e4-9902-00144feab7de.html |archive-date=20 January 2016 |url-status=live }} The Islamic State in Iraq frequently carried out mass executions in Mosul and Hawija.

{{Main|Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory}}

The condition of human rights in the territory controlled by the Islamic State is considered to be among the worst in the world.{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/08/08/world/isis-fast-facts/index.html |title=ISIS Fast Facts |date=September 6, 2020 |website=CNN |access-date=April 2, 2021}}{{Cite web|title=FN: IS har begått ohyggliga brott mot mänskligheten|url=https://omni.se/fn-is-har-begatt-ohyggliga-brott-mot-manskligheten/a/9affcec6-29dd-402c-b3f8-6fc66b4e5c1a|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Omni|date=2 October 2014 |language=sv}}{{cite web |url=https://eclj.org/geopolitics/pace/crimes-de-daech--justice-doit-tre-rendue- |title=ISIS Crimes: Justice Must Be Done! |last=Puppincck |first=Gregor |date=October 2017 |website=European Centre for Law & Justice |access-date=April 2, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/08/03/four-years-evidence-isis-crimes-lost-time |title=Four Years on, Evidence of ISIS Crimes Lost to Time |last=Wille |first=Belkis |date=August 3, 2018 |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=April 2, 2021}} In the areas they controlled the Islamic State would commit several genocides against local ethnic groups between 2014 and 2017.{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/us-iraq-syria-genocide/index.html |title=John Kerry: ISIS responsible for genocide |publisher=CNN |date=17 March 2016 |access-date=17 March 2016 |first1=Elise |last1=Labott |first2=Tal |last2=Kopan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317121954/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/us-iraq-syria-genocide/index.html |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/rolling_news/2015/03/150319_rn_yazidis_un_is_genocide |language=ru |title=UN accuses the "Islamic State" in the genocide of the Yazidis |date=19 March 2015 |publisher=BBC Russian Service/BBC |access-date=16 April 2015 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308182712/https://www.bbc.com/russian/rolling_news/2015/03/150319_rn_yazidis_un_is_genocide |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/26909669.html |title=The UN has blamed 'Islamic State' in the genocide of the Yazidis |newspaper=Радио Свобода |date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |access-date=16 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710232852/http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/26909669.html |archive-date=10 July 2015 |url-status=live}} The Yazidi genocide was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. The Yazidis are a Kurdish-speaking people{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1|title=Yazidis i: General|last=Allison|first=Christine|date=20 February 2004|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|access-date=20 August 2010}} who are indigenous to Kurdistan who practice Yazidism, a monotheistic Iranian ethnoreligion derived from the Indo-Iranian tradition.{{Cite web |first=İlhan Yılmaz |last=Cömert |date=12 July 2017 |title=IŞİD'ın Irak'ta Türkmen Coğrafyasındaki Katliamları |language=tr |trans-title=ISIS Massacres in Turkmen Region in Iraq |url=https://21yyte.org/tr/merkezler/bolgesel-arastirma-merkezleri/orta-dogu-ve-afrika-arastirmalari-merkezi/isidin-irakta-turkmen-cografyasindaki-katliamlari |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=21yyte.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017114333/https://21yyte.org/tr/merkezler/bolgesel-arastirma-merkezleri/orta-dogu-ve-afrika-arastirmalari-merkezi/isidin-irakta-turkmen-cografyasindaki-katliamlari |archive-date=17 October 2023}} the Iraqi Turkmen genocide began when IS captured Iraqi Turkmen lands in 2014 and it continued until IS lost all of their land in Iraq. In 2017, IS's persecution of Iraqi Turkmen was officially recognized as a genocide by the Parliament of Iraq,{{Cite web |script-title=ar:البرلمان العراقي يعتبر جرائم "داعش" بحق التركمان إبادة جماعية |title=albarlaman aleiraqiu yuetabar jarayim "daeish" bihaqi alturkuman 'iibadat jamaeiatan |language=ar |trans-title=The Iraqi Parliament considers ISIS crimes against the Turkmen to be genocide |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/865821 |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=www.aa.com.tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813133221/https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/865821 |archive-date=13 August 2023}}{{Cite web |title=Iraqi parliament recognizes ISIS persecution of Turkmen as genocide |date=20 July 2017 |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/200720174-amp |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Rudaw Media Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214220438/https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/200720174-amp |archive-date=14 February 2023}} and in 2018, the sexual slavery of Iraqi Turkmen girls and women was recognized by the United Nations.{{Cite web |last=McKay |first=Hollie |date=5 March 2021 |title=The ISIS War Crime Iraqi Turkmen Won't Talk About |url=https://newlinesmag.com/essays/the-isis-war-crime-iraqi-turkmen-wont-talk-about/ |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=New Lines Magazine |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813133553/https://newlinesmag.com/essays/the-isis-war-crime-iraqi-turkmen-wont-talk-about/ |archive-date=13 August 2023}}{{Cite web |first=Goran |last=Baban |date=4 February 2021 |title=Turkmen women call to uncover fate of 1300 missing Turkmen abducted by ISIS |url=https://kirkuknow.com/en/news/64788 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Kirkuknow |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116212611/https://kirkuknow.com/en/news/64788 |archive-date=16 November 2023}}

The Islamic State would persecute Christians in its territory in ways which involves the systematic mass murder.{{cite news|last=Rodriguez|first=Meredith|date=August 8, 2014|title=Chicago-area Assyrians march against ISIL, others protest airstrikes|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-chicagoarea-assyrians-march-against-isis-others-protest-airstrikes-20140808-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809003132/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-chicagoarea-assyrians-march-against-isis-others-protest-airstrikes-20140808-story.html|archive-date=August 9, 2014 |access-date=August 8, 2014}}{{cite news|last1=Bowcott |first1=Owen |last2=Jones |first2=Sam|date=August 8, 2014|title=Isis persecution of Iraqi Christians has become genocide, says religious leaders|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/08/isis-persecution-iraqi-christians-genocide-asylum|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809003137/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/08/isis-persecution-iraqi-christians-genocide-asylum|archive-date=August 9, 2014 |access-date=August 8, 2014}}{{cite news|last=McQuade|first=Romsin|date=July 30, 2014|title=Iraq's persecuted Assyrian Christians are in limbo|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11000168/Iraqs-persecuted-Assyrian-Christians-are-in-limbo.html |newspaper=The Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809003145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11000168/Iraqs-persecuted-Assyrian-Christians-are-in-limbo.html |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |access-date=August 8, 2014}} Persecution of Christian minorities climaxed following the Syrian civil war and later by its spillover but has since intensified further.{{Cite web|date=2013-11-19|title=Syria: Opposition Abuses During Ground Offensive|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/19/syria-opposition-abuses-during-ground-offensive|access-date=2022-01-22|publisher=Human Rights Watch|language=en|archive-date=2015-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926011937/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/19/syria-opposition-abuses-during-ground-offensive|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Levs|first=Josh|date=August 7, 2014|title=Will anyone stop ISIS?|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis |publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807191105/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis |archive-date=August 7, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2014}}{{Cite web |last=Kino |first=Nuri |date=2024-01-30 |title=Don't Forget About the Persecuted Christians of Iraq and Syria |url=https://www.newsweek.com/dont-forget-about-persecuted-christians-iraq-syria-opinion-1864499 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Newsweek |language=en}} Christians have been subjected to massacres, forced conversions, rape, sexual slavery, and the systematic destruction of their historical sites, churches and other places of worship.

The depopulation of Christians from the Middle East by the Islamic State as well as other organisations and governments has been formally recognised as an ongoing genocide by the United States, European Union, and United Kingdom. Christians remain the most persecuted religious group in the Middle East, and Christians in Iraq are “close to extinction”.{{Cite news |date=2019-05-03 |title=Christian persecution 'at near genocide levels' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-48146305 |access-date=2024-11-05 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Worsening Conditions for Christians in the Middle East |url=https://www.persecution.org/2022/11/30/worsening-conditions-for-christians-in-the-middle-east/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=International Christian Concern |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |date=2019-05-23 |title=Iraq's Christians 'close to extinction' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-48333923 |access-date=2024-11-05 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} According to estimates by the US State Department, the number of Christians in Iraq has fallen from 1.2 million 2011 to 120,000 in 2024, and the number in Syria from 1.5 million to 300,000, falls driven by persecution by Islamic terrorists.

Shia Muslims were also persecuted, since 2014. Persecutions have taken place in Iraq, Syria, and other parts of the world.

Shia Muslims have been killed and otherwise persecuted by IS. On 12 June 2014, the Islamic State killed 1,700 unarmed Shia Iraqi Army cadet recruits in the Camp Speicher massacre.{{cite news |title=Terrifying execution images in Iraq; U.S. Embassy in Baghdad relocates some staff |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/15/world/meast/iraq-photos-isis/ |publisher=CNN|access-date=2015-12-22}}{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/19749-iraqi-court-sentences-24-to-death-over-speicher-massacre|title=Iraqi court sentences 24 to death over Speicher massacre|work=Middle East Monitor |access-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802184916/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/19749-iraqi-court-sentences-24-to-death-over-speicher-massacre|archive-date=2 August 2015|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/011120148|title=احصائية رسمية: 1997 العدد الكلي لمفقودي مجزرتي سبايكر وبادوش|agency=Rudaw|access-date=6 August 2015}} IS has also targeted Shia prisoners.{{cite news|title=Isis accused of ethnic cleansing as story of Shia prison massacre emerges|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/25/isis-ethnic-cleansing-shia-prisoners-iraq-mosul|newspaper=the Guardian|access-date=2015-12-22|first1=Luke|last1=Harding|first2=Fazel Hawramy in|last2=Irbil|date=25 August 2014}} According to witnesses, after the militant group took the city of Mosul, they divided the Sunni prisoners from the Shia prisoners. Up to 670{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305203431/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 5, 2016|title=U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings|work=Reuters|date=August 25, 2014}} Shia prisoners were then taken to another location and executed. Kurdish officials in Erbil reported on the incident of Sunni and Shia prisoners being separated and Shia prisoners being killed after the Mosul prison fell to IS.

In a special report released on 2 September 2014, Amnesty International described how IS had "systematically targeted non-Sunni Muslim communities, killing or abducting hundreds, possibly thousands, of individuals and forcing more than tens of thousands of Shias, Sunnis, along with other minorities to flee the areas it has captured since 10 June 2014". The most targeted Shia groups in Nineveh Governorate were Shia Turkmens and Shabaks.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29026491 |date=2 September 2014 |title=Iraq crisis: Islamic State accused of ethnic cleansing |publisher=BBC News |access-date=25 September 2014}}

{{main|Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State}}

File:Cemetery destroyed by ISIS, Qayyarah town The Mosul Distric, Northern Iraq, Western Asia. 10 November, 2016.jpg, Iraq, destroyed by the Islamic State (November 2016)]]

Since 2014, the Islamic State has destroyed cultural heritage on an unprecedented scale, primarily in Iraq and Syria, but also in Libya. These attacks and demolitions targeted a variety of ancient and medieval artifacts, museums, libraries, and places of worship, among other sites of importance to human history. Between June 2014 and February 2015, the Islamic State's Salafi jihadists plundered and destroyed at least 28 historic religious buildings in Mosul alone, with the most notable event being the 2014 destruction of Mosul Museum artifacts.{{cite web |url=http://mawtani.al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/iii/features/2015/02/13/feature-01 |title=Iraq churches, mosques under ISIS attack |author=Khalid al-Taie |work=Mawtani |publisher=mawtani.al-shorfa.com |date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219092526/http://mawtani.al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/iii/features/2015/02/13/feature-01 |archive-date=19 February 2015}} Many of the valuables that were looted during these demolitions were used to bolster the economy of the Islamic State.

Along with antique Mesopotamian sites of significance, the Islamic State inflicted particularly cataclysmic levels of damage upon Christian (Assyrian, Armenian) heritage. It also destroyed Islamic sites that it declared to be in contradiction of that which is permissible in the Islamic State ideology, thus culminating in the destruction of Shia Islamic sites and non-compliant Sunni Islamic sites.

• Early Muslim conquests
• Boko Haram
• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
• Islamic Emirate of Yemen
• Islamic Emirate of Kunar
• Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan
• Islamic Emirate of Rafah
• Islamic Emirate of Kurdistan
• Caucasus Emirate
• Syrian Salvation Government
• Divisions of the world in Islam
• First Islamic State

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{refend}}

• [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/03/isis-and-affiliates-around-the-world From Syria to Bosnia: Isis and its affiliates around the world], The Guardian
• [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31064300 Islamic State moves in on al-Qaeda turf], BBC

{{Portal bar|Iraq|Asia}}

{{Militant Islamism in the Middle East}}

{{Syrian Civil War}}

{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}

{{International military intervention against ISIL}}

Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Category:Pan-Islamism

Islamic State

Category:Separatism in Iraq

Category:Totalitarian states

Category:Former countries in West Asia

Category:Former countries in South Asia

Category:Former unrecognized countries