Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011#January

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| footer = From left to right: Protesters marching to Tahrir Square, in Downtown Cairo, where the main protests were being held; and Paramilitary riot police of the Central Security Forces; 20000 to 30000 police were deployed in central Cairo.{{Cite news |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20110125-egyptian-protesters-say-tunisia-solution |title=Egyptian protesters say Tunisia is the solution |publisher=Radio France Internationale |date=25 January 2011 |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205141509/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20110125-egyptian-protesters-say-tunisia-solution |archive-date=5 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

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File:Tahrir Square on January 25 2011.jpg

On 25 January 2011, known as the "Day of Anger" ({{langx|ar|يوم الغضب}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|yawm al-ġaḍab}}, {{IPA|arz|ˈjoːm elˈɣɑdɑb|lang}}) or the "Day of Revolt", protests took place in different cities across Egypt, including Cairo, Alexandria, Suez and Ismaïlia. The day was selected by many opposition groups such as the 6 April Youth Movement, We Are All Khaled Said Movement, National Association for Change, 25 January Movement and Kefaya{{Cite news|first=Kareem|last=Fahim|author2=El-Nagaar, Mona|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/world/middleeast/26egypt.html|title=Violent Clashes Mark Protests Against Mubarak's Rule|work=The New York Times|date=25 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203074307/http://www.nytimes.com//2011//01//26//world//middleeast//26egypt.html|archive-date=3 February 2011|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/6-april-movement-calls-protest-against-police-abuse-0|title=6 April movement calls for protest against police abuse|work=Almasry Alyoum|date=20 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419010755/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/6-april-movement-calls-protest-against-police-abuse-0|archive-date=19 April 2012|url-status=live}} to coincide with National Police Day. The purpose was to protest against abuses by the police in front of the Ministry of Interior.{{cite news|title=Muslim Brotherhood To Participate in 25 January Protest|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/muslim-brotherhood-participate-25-january-protest|access-date=8 April 2011|work=Almasry Alyoum|date=23 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603161935/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/muslim-brotherhood-participate-25-january-protest|archive-date=3 June 2012|url-status=live}} These demands expanded to include the resignation of the Minister of Interior, the restoration of a fair minimum wage, the end of Egyptian emergency law, and term limits for the president.

Protests took place in different locations in Egypt. 20,000 protested in various locations across Alexandria,{{cite web |last=Sun |first=Vancouver |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/editorial/story.html?id=548de2b9-7d46-440c-8ac1-c4f6fcee37f2 |title=Egyptians tests Tunisia's Twitter revolution |publisher=Canada.com |date=26 January 2011 |access-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110110851/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/editorial/story.html?id=548de2b9-7d46-440c-8ac1-c4f6fcee37f2 |archive-date=10 November 2012 |url-status=live}} 200 demonstrators in the southern city of Aswan, 2,000 in the eastern city of Ismaïlia, and about 3,000 in the northern city of El-Mahalla El-Kubra.{{cite news|author=Ahmed, Amir|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/01/25/egypt.protests/|title=Thousands Protests in Egypt|publisher=CNN|date=25 January 2011|access-date=25 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128053742/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/01/25/egypt.protests/|archive-date=28 January 2011|url-status=dead}} Deadly clashes broke out during the protests leading to the death of two protesters in Suez.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-protest-rule-idAFLDE70O2GG20110125?sp=true|title=Q+A-How Will Egypt's Protests Affect Mubarak's Rule?|work=Reuters|date=9 February 2009|access-date=26 January 2011}}

Cairo protesters had gathered in the morning in front of the High Court in the centre of Cairo. The demonstration was larger than expected. It broke through the security cordon and moved to Tahrir Square.{{cite news |url=http://www.addustour.com/ViewTopic.aspx?ac=\ArabicAndInter\2011\01\ArabicAndInter_issue1200_day27_id299121.htm |title=3 killed in second day of demonstrations in Egypt |work=Al Dustour |language=ar |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129013723/http://www.addustour.com/ViewTopic.aspx?ac=%5CArabicAndInter%5C2011%5C01%5CArabicAndInter_issue1200_day27_id299121.htm |archive-date=29 January 2011 |url-status=dead}} Thousands protested in Cairo, with 15,000 occupying Tahrir Square{{cite web|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egyptians-report-poor-communication-services-day-anger |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130064424/http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/egyptians-report-poor-communication-services-day-anger-1|archive-date=30 January 2011|url-status=live |title=Egyptians Report Poor Communication Services on Day of Anger|work=Almasry Alyoum|date=25 January 2011|access-date=25 January 2011}} (Liberation Square). Police used tear gas and water cannons against the protesters, who in turn threw stones at police, eventually forcing them to retreat.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12272836| title=Egypt Protests: Three Killed in 'Day of Revolt'| access-date=26 January 2011| date=25 January 2011| work=BBC News| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126022259/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12272836| archive-date=26 January 2011| url-status=live}}

Hossam el-Hamalawy stated to Al-Jazeera during the evening of the protest that the demonstrations were "necessary to send a message to the Egyptian regime that Mubarak is no different than Ben Ali and we want him to leave too." He also told Al-Jazeera, "People are fed up of Mubarak and of his dictatorship and of his torture chambers and of his failed economic policies. If Mubarak is not overthrown tomorrow then it will be the day after. If it's not the day after it's going to be next week."[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111251711053608.html Three dead in Egypt protests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015000822/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111251711053608.html |date=15 October 2012 }}. Al Jazeera. 2011-01-25. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

On 26 January, riots continued with protesters' numbers continuing to rise. Violence by both protesters and police increased. One protester and one police official were killed in Cairo. Suez experienced an unexpected uprising; many protesters faced live rounds, and both protesters and police were beaten. Suez protesters set fire to several government buildings, including the police station.{{cite web |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2011/01/26/More_casualties_as_protests_escalate_in_Egypt/ |title=More casualties as protests escalate in Egypt |publisher=Article.wn.com |access-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315103410/http://article.wn.com/view/2011/01/26/More_casualties_as_protests_escalate_in_Egypt/ |archive-date=15 March 2012 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112734210243448.html |title=Protesters Torch Egypt Police post |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015032829/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112734210243448.html |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112617427113878.html | title=Clinton Calls for reform in Egypt | publisher=Al Jazeera | access-date=26 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117094943/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112617427113878.html | archive-date=17 November 2011 | url-status=live}}

File:Demonstration in Imaba, Cario.jpg caricature by Carlos Latuff which features shoeing.]]

Protests were not as large on 27 January while preparations were made for planned large-scale events on the following day (Friday). The Muslim Brotherhood declared its full support of the protests, and members planned to take part during Friday's demonstrations.{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/nobel-peace-winner-returns-to-egypt-to-lead-anti-government-protest-movement|title=Egypt's Ruling Party Offers No Concessions to Anti-Government Protesters|work=Associated Press (via Fox News)|date=27 January 2011|access-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102092856/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/01/27/egypts-protests-pose-threat-regime/|archive-date=2 November 2012|url-status=live}} Leader of the National Association for Change and former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency Mohamed ElBaradei returned that day.{{cite news|last=Elmeshad|first=Mohamed|title=Back in Egypt, ElBaradei vows to take part in planned Friday demonstrations|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/back-egypt-elbaradei-vows-take-part-planned-friday-demonstrations|access-date=5 February 2011|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|date=27 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531104550/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/back-egypt-elbaradei-vows-take-part-planned-friday-demonstrations|archive-date=31 May 2012|url-status=live}}

{{quotebox|The people have broken the barrier of fear. There is no going back.|-- Mohamed ElBaradei}}

Later in the day a protester of Bedouin descent was shot dead by police in the town of Sheikh Zoweid in the North Sinai region, raising the death toll to seven.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-protests-sinai-idAFLDE70Q1Y520110127|title=Egypt Police Shoot Bedouin Protester Dead|work=Reuters|date=28 January 2011|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222234415/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/27/egypt-protests-sinai-idAFLDE70Q1Y520110127|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=http://news.egypt.com/en/2011012713463/news/-egypt-news/egypt-police-shoot-bedouin-protester-dead.html|title=Egypt Police Shoot Bedouin Protester Dead|publisher=Egypt.com News|date=27 January 2011|access-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816073219/http://news.egypt.com/en/2011012713463/news/-egypt-news/egypt-police-shoot-bedouin-protester-dead.html|archive-date=16 August 2013|url-status=dead}} In Suez, the uprising continued and violence increased as more buildings were set ablaze, including police posts. Some Suez and Sinai region protesters armed themselves with guns leading to violent conflicts.

Hundreds were arrested at the various protests. About 600 were arrested in Cairo, including 8 Egyptian journalists protesting against the government's reported restrictions on domestic and Middle Eastern affairs. More than 120 people were arrested in Asyut, mostly members of the Muslim Brotherhood.{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/egyptian-riots-4/story-fn6s850w-1225995176163 |title=4 Confirmed Dead in Egyptian Riots |work=Agence France-Presse (via Herald Sun) |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201231443/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/egyptian-riots-4/story-fn6s850w-1225995176163 |archive-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

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The government shut down four major ISPs at approximately 5:20 p.m. EST.{{cite magazine|last=Singel|first=Ryan|title=Egypt Shut Down Its Net With a Series of Phone Calls|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/01/egypt-isp-shutdown/|magazine=Wired|access-date=30 April 2011|date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501183804/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/01/egypt-isp-shutdown|archive-date=1 May 2011|url-status=live}} disrupting Internet and telephone traffic in the entire country except for Egypt's stock exchange and some government ministries served by the fifth ISP: Noor Group.{{cite web|last=Van Beijnum|first=Iljitsch|title=How Egypt did (and your government could) shut down the Internet|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/01/how-egypt-or-how-your-government-could-shut-down-the-internet.ars|website=Ars Technica|date=30 January 2011 |access-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426155523/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/01/how-egypt-or-how-your-government-could-shut-down-the-internet.ars|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Murphy|first=Kevin|title=DNS not to blame for Egypt blackout|date=28 January 2011 |url=http://domainincite.com/dns-not-to-blame-for-egypt-blackout/|publisher=Domain Incite|access-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404013457/http://domainincite.com/dns-not-to-blame-for-egypt-blackout/|archive-date=4 April 2011|url-status=live}}

File:Egypt's Internet Traffic.jpg

File:Al jazeera 2011 egypt protests.ogv

File:NDP HQ on fire.jpg aflame during Friday of Anger in Cairo]]

Tens of thousands filled the streets across Egypt on Friday, 28 January,{{cite web |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2011/01/28/egypt-police-fire-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-at-protestors/ |title=Thousands protest across Egypt on Friday of Anger, one killed as govt. imposes curfew |publisher=Thedailynewsegypt.com |access-date=28 January 2011 |date=2011-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026135453/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2011/01/28/egypt-police-fire-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-at-protestors/ |archive-date=26 October 2014 |url-status=live}} called by some the "Friday of Anger" ({{langx|ar|جمعة الغضب}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|ǧumʿat al-ġaḍab}} {{IPA|arz|ˈɡomʕet elˈɣɑdɑb|lang}}){{cite web|author=Sullivan, Andrew|author-link=Andrew Sullivan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2011/01/awaiting-the-friday-of-anger/176664/|title=Awaiting the 'Friday of Anger'|work=The Daily Dish (blog of The Atlantic)|date=28 January 2011 |access-date=29 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806102038/http://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2011/01/awaiting-the-friday-of-anger/176664/|archive-date=6 August 2011|url-status=live}} and by others as the "Day of Rage".Issacharoff, Avi (28 January 2011). [http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/egypt-anti-government-protesters-declare-friday-day-of-rage-1.339629 "Egypt Anti-Government Protesters Declare Friday 'Day of Rage'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317064245/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/egypt-anti-government-protesters-declare-friday-day-of-rage-1.339629 |date=17 March 2013 }}. Haaretz. Retrieved 30 January 2011.[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41288680 "Egypt Protesters, Police Brace for 'Day of Rage'"] . 27 January 2011. MSNBC. Retrieved 30 January 2011. Hours before the protests, the Egyptian government shut down Internet services,{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112810059478272.html |title=Fresh Protests Erupt in Egypt |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=28 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216070447/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112810059478272.html |archive-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.arabist.net/blog/2011/1/28/urgent-egypt-has-shut-off-the-internet.html|title=Urgent: Egypt Has Shut Off the Internet|publisher=Arabist|last=El Amrani|first=Issandr|date=28 January 2011|access-date=18 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128155858/http://www.arabist.net/blog/2011/1/28/urgent-egypt-has-shut-off-the-internet.html|archive-date=28 January 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://readwrite.com/2011/01/28/egypt-tor-use-skyrocketing-as|title=Egypt: Tor Use Skyrocketing as Users Route-Around Internet Blocks|work=ReadWriteWeb|date=28 January 2011|access-date=29 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404064436/http://readwrite.com/2011/01/28/egypt-tor-use-skyrocketing-as|archive-date=4 April 2014|url-status=live}} although some people communicated using a text-to-speech telephone service set up by Google and Twitter.{{cite web |url=http://www.businessandleadership.com/business/item/28137-google-twitter-launch-alte |title=Google, Twitter launch alternative service in Egypt |work=Business and Leadership |access-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315135515/http://www.businessandleadership.com/business/item/28137-google-twitter-launch-alte |archive-date=15 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Text messaging and mobile phone services also appeared to be blocked.{{Cite news|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.protests/index.html|title=Violent Clashes Erupt During Protests in Egypt|publisher=CNN|date=29 January 2011|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129004114/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.protests/index.html|archive-date=29 January 2011|url-status=dead}} According to Vodafone, all mobile operators in Egypt were instructed to suspend services in selected areas. The authorities had prior legislative approval to issue such an order.{{cite web|url=http://vodafone360.com/content/index/media/press_statements/statement_on_egypt.html|title=Press|publisher=Vodafone|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927020216/http://vodafone360.com/content/index/media/press_statements/statement_on_egypt.html|archive-date=27 September 2015|url-status=live}}

Shortly after Jumu'ah (Friday prayers), tens of thousands of Egyptians assembled to protest; within hours the number rose to hundreds of thousands. ElBaradei arrived from Giza, where he had been leading protests, to Cairo.{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/ElBaradei-to-join-Egypt-protest-20110127|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131235039/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/ElBaradei-to-join-Egypt-protest-20110127|archive-date=31 January 2011|url-status=live|title=ElBaradei To Join Egypt Protest|access-date=27 January 2011|date=27 January 2011|work=News24}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/27/elbaradei-return-cairo-egypt|title=Mohamed ElBaradei: There's No Going Back|access-date=27 January 2011|date=27 January 2011|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jack|last=Shenker|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911161306/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/27/elbaradei-return-cairo-egypt|archive-date=11 September 2013|url-status=live}} Ynetnews and CNN stated that ElBaradei was placed under arrest,{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4020436,00.html|title=Report: ElBaradei Arrested in Egypt|work=Ynetnews|date=28 January 2011 |access-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131010214/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4020436,00.html|archive-date=31 January 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite news| url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/28/clashes-erupt-in-cairo-elbaradei-told-to-stay-put-cnn-camera-confiscated/| title=Unrest in Egypt: Mubarak Expected To Speak; Curfew Imposed in Major Cities| access-date=28 January 2011| publisher=CNN| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128170937/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/28/clashes-erupt-in-cairo-elbaradei-told-to-stay-put-cnn-camera-confiscated/| archive-date=28 January 2011| url-status=dead}} while Al Jazeera English said that ElBaradei was unaware of his would-be house arrest.{{Cite news| url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112974149942894.html| title=Protesters Back on Egypt Streets| access-date=29 January 2011| date=29 January 2011| publisher=Al Jazeera| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216062426/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112974149942894.html| archive-date=16 December 2011| url-status=live}} ElBaradei's detention prompted the U.S. to review its $1.5 billion aid package for Egypt; he was later released. Meanwhile, the Muslim Brotherhood said that twenty members of the banned group had been detained overnight, including Essam el-Erian, its main spokesman, and Mohamed Morsi, one of its leaders.

Throughout the day, police fired tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons into crowds during violent clashes between authorities and protesters throughout Egypt.{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.protests/index.html|title=Egypt Cracks Down on Mass Protests|publisher=CNN|date=28 January 2011|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129004114/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/01/28/egypt.protests/index.html|archive-date=29 January 2011|url-status=dead}} In Port Said tens of thousands gathered and multiple government buildings were set ablaze. In Suez, police shot and killed at least one protester. Protesters in Suez took control of a police station, freed arrested protesters and then burned down a nearby smaller local police post.{{Cite news |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-281-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog – Egypt's Protests Erupt |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702182315/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-281-egypt-protests |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=live}} The government issued an 18:00 to 7:00 curfew, but protesters ignored it and were met by police.{{Cite news| url=http://globeandmail.tumblr.com/post/2976386459/egypt-protests-demand-mubarak-s-ouster-army-imposes| title=Egypt Protests Demand Mubarak's Ouster; Army Imposes Curfew| access-date=28 January 2011| date=28 January 2011| work=The Globe and Mail| location=Toronto| first=Patrick| last=Martin| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517181307/http://globeandmail.tumblr.com/post/2976386459/egypt-protests-demand-mubarak-s-ouster-army-imposes| archive-date=17 May 2014| url-status=live}} In the evening, one of the National Democratic Party (NDP) headquarters buildings in CairoAl Jazeera English live broadcast, 16:23 UTC{{cite tweet|number=31028059540819968|user=AJENews|title=The Ruling Party, NDP's headquarters up in flames in #Egypt. these images and more from Al Jazeera #Jan25 #Egypt http://twitpic.com/3u7htd |access-date=25 January 2016|archive-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201081529/https://twitter.com/AJELive/status/31028059540819968|date=28 January 2011}}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2020}} was set on fire by an unidentified culprit. While protesters paused for evening prayers, police continued firing tear gas.{{cite tweet|number=31032922240716801|user=AJENews|title=@AymanM in Cairo - Tear gas canisters were fired by riot police into crowds as they were praying the evening prayers #Jan25 #Egypt |access-date=25 January 2016|archive-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201081524/https://twitter.com/AJELive/status/31032922240716801|date=28 January 2011}}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2020}} The day's defiance was summed up by the plethora of Tunisian national flags and anti-Mubarak graffiti that the protesters had created in the Greater Cairo region, Alexandria, Beni Suef, Mansoura and Manufiya.

Amid reports of looting, concerns were raised about the safety of the antiquities of the famous Egyptian Museum, near the epicenter of the Cairo protests. Egyptian state television announced in the evening that army commandos had secured the museum.{{Cite news|title=Egypt Army Secures Museum with Pharaonic Treasures|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/arts-us-egypt-museum-idUKTRE70R7K820110128|work=Reuters|date=28 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201013301/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/01/28/arts-us-egypt-museum-idUKTRE70R7K820110128|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=dead}} Protesters joined soldiers in protecting the museum, situated beside the burning ruling party headquarters.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-291-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Jan 29 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708075124/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-291-egypt-protests |archive-date=8 July 2012 |url-status=live}} Looters managed to enter during the night from the roof to damage a number of small artifacts, and it was initially reported that they had ripped the heads off two mummies, but subsequent reports claimed that Egypt's top archaeologist had mistaken skulls from other skeletons, and that the mummies were intact.{{Cite news|title=Looters Destroy Mummies in Egyptian Museum|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-museum-idUKTRE70S1YU20110129|work=Reuters|date=29 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|first=Yasmine|last=Saleh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201014604/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/01/29/us-egypt-museum-idUKTRE70S1YU20110129|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite news |author=Christopher Torchia |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ap-interview-egypt-declares-treasures-safe-20110201-084055-260.html |title=AP Interview: Egypt declares treasures safe |publisher=Yahoo! News |agency=Associated Press |date=1 February 2011 |access-date=19 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811143826/https://www.yahoo.com/news/ap-interview-egypt-declares-treasures-safe-20110201-084055-260.html |archive-date=11 August 2016 |url-status=live}}

The arson and looting that took place throughout the day has been compared to the disorder that befell Cairo during the 1952 fire, also known as Black Saturday.{{Cite journal |last=Muhammad |first=Mohsen |date=3 February 2011 |script-title=ar:خسارة |trans-title=Khusara |journal=Al Gomhuria |language=ar |access-date=6 February 2011 |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/views/2011/02/03/136071.html |format=Reprint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206133617/http://www.alarabiya.net/views/2011/02/03/136071.html |archive-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

File:Destroyed Central Security Forces vehicle.jpg

A delegation led by the chief of staff of Egypt's armed forces, Lt. Gen. Sami Hafez Enan, was in Washington, D.C., although the visit was truncated due to the protests. The sessions, an annual country-to-country military coordination, were being led for the U.S. by Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Alexander Vershbow. A meeting with Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, and other talks had been planned to extend to 2 February. However, in light of events in Egypt, the delegation left Washington to return home.Bumiller, Elisabeth (28 January 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/29/world/middleeast/29military-egypt.html?hp "Egyptian Military Chiefs Cut Pentagon Visit Short"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724015230/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/29/world/middleeast/29military-egypt.html|date=24 July 2016 }}. The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2011. Before their Friday night departure, Vershbow urged the two dozen representatives of the largely American-funded Egyptian military "to exercise 'restraint'".Bumiller, Elisabeth; Mark Landler contributed reporting, [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/world/middleeast/30military.html "Calling for Restraint, Pentagon Faces Test of Influence With Ally"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224061552/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/world/middleeast/30military.html |date=24 December 2016 }}. The New York Times. 29 January 2011 (30 January 2011, p. A1, New York edition). Retrieved 30 January 2011.

Al Jazeera reported an Associated Press claim that an elite counter-terrorism force had been deployed at strategic points around Cairo, and that Egypt's interior ministry was warning of "decisive measures". The secretary-general of the ruling National Democratic Party, Safwat Sherif, held a press conference stating, "We hope that tomorrow's Friday prayers and its rituals happen in a quiet way that upholds the value of such rituals ... and that no one jeopardises the safety of citizens or subjects them to something they do not want."

The Egyptian government deployed military in Cairo, Alexandria, and Suez to assist the police.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/28/world/main7293753.shtml|title=Cairo Crowds Overpower Police; Army Deployed|publisher=CBS News|date=28 January 2011|access-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144443/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/28/world/main7293753.shtml|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011128151048463975.html |title=Military out in Cairo |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104160614/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011128151048463975.html |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live}} Al Jazeera reported that in Suez and in Alexandria the military wanted to avoid an open armed confrontation with protesters.{{cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Cairo:-anti-Mubarak-protests-continue,-at-least-50-dead-from-clashes-20637.html|title=Egypt Cairo: Anti-Mubarak Protests Continue, at Least 50 Dead from Clashes|publisher=Asianews.it|access-date=29 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209101832/http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Cairo:-anti-Mubarak-protests-continue,-at-least-50-dead-from-clashes-20637.html|archive-date=9 February 2011|url-status=live}} In Giza, Protesters gathered in front of the l-Istiqama Mosque. where protesters and riot police fought in parts of Giza, including at the mosque.{{cite news|last=Weaver|first=Matthew|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/jan/28/egypt-protests-live-updates|title=Protests in Egypt – As They Happened|work=The Guardian|location=UK|date=28 January 2011|access-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921003330/http://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/jan/28/egypt-protests-live-updates|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live}}

{{multiple image

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| footer = From left to right: Protesters in Cairo carrying a coffin; and Demonstrators standing on an army vehicle in Tahrir Square, Cairo. The sign reads: "Leave, you tyrant. Down with Mubarak."

| image1 = Protesters marching in Cairo - 29JAN2011.jpg

| image2 = Demonstrators on Army Truck in Tahrir Square, Cairo.jpg

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The night of 28/29 January was quieter in Cairo with fewer reports of looting than in previous days.

Widespread protests continued, with many protesters chanting, "Down with Mubarak". Chants of "the people and the army are one" were also heard, as the position of the army in the course of events continued to be critical but ambiguous. By 2:00 pm local time, approximately 50,000 had gathered in Tahrir Square, 10,000 gathered in Kafr-al-Sheikh, and additional protests took place in other cities.Al Jazeera English live broadcast, 12:15 UTC, 29 January A curfew was announced by the army for Cairo, Alexandria and Suez from 4–6 pm. The 6:00 pm police curfew the previous day had had "almost no effect whatsoever", according to Al Jazeera English, and protesters continued to descend on Tahrir Square. Protesters gathered at the Ministry of Interior, and three were killed by police when they tried to storm the building.{{cite news| url=http://live.reuters.com/Event/Unrest_in_Egypt| title=Unrest in Egypt| access-date=28 January 2011| date=28 January 2011| work=Reuters| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130092405/http://live.reuters.com/Event/Unrest_in_Egypt| archive-date=30 January 2011| url-status=live}}

Protesters were described by reporters as more confident and even celebratory as they felt they were nearing their objective—the end of Mubarak's regime—although they had no tangible evidence of this.

In Beni Suef, south of Cairo, 17 protesters were killed by police as the protesters attempted to attack two police stations. In Abu Zaabal Prison in Cairo, eight people were killed as police clashed with inmates trying to escape. According to a Reuters tally, these unconfirmed deaths brought the death toll to at least 100.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-dead-idAFLDE70S0LX20110129|title=Update 1-Death Toll in Egypt's Protests Tops 100 – Sources|work=Reuters|date=29 January 2011|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150834/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/29/egypt-dead-idAFLDE70S0LX20110129|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}} Several Islamist terrorists and others escaped.{{cite web |title=Morsi jailbreak trial adjourned to September |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/110780/Egypt/Politics-/Morsi-jailbreak-trial-adjourned-to--September.aspx |accessdate=2024-11-19 |website=Ahram Online |quote=The court heard on Sunday witness Major General Magdi Moussa, who was prison warden of Abu Zaabal prison from which a number of the defendants escaped.}}{{Cite web |date=2011-05-19 |title=Egypt rises: Killings, detentions and torture in the '25 January Revolution' |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/027/2011/en/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Amnesty International |page=83 |language=en |quote=The Commission reported that prisoners had fled from the prisons of Abu Zaabal, El-Marg and Wadi El-Natroun, as well as El Faiyum and Qena, both in Upper Egypt.}} Prison overcrowding and police brutality were voiced by many of the protesters. Emad Gad, an analyst with the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, said that he had obtained information from a trustworthy source that "there have been orders from the very top to free known felons from the prisons, to arm them and to let them mingle with protesters."{{Cite news |last1=Steinvorth |first1=Daniel |last2=Windfuhr |first2=Volkhard |work=Der Spiegel |title=Mubarak will Ägypten brennen sehen |trans-title=Mubarak Wants To See Egypt Burn |language=de |date=30 January 2011 |url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/anarchie-in-kairo-mubarak-will-aegypten-brennen-sehen-a-742498.html |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023021934/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/anarchie-in-kairo-mubarak-will-aegypten-brennen-sehen-a-742498.html |archive-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=live}} Two Egyptian policemen jailed following the death of anti-corruption activist Khaled Said were among the hundreds of prisoners that escaped in Cairo that day.{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/egypt-rights-advocates-report-protest-death-toll-as-high-as-300.html|title=Egypt: Rights Advocates Report Protest Death Toll as High as 300|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201232154/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/egypt-rights-advocates-report-protest-death-toll-as-high-as-300.html|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}}

Tanks were reported on the streets of Suez. A police station was torched after protesters seized weapons stored inside before telling officers to get out. At first there was a presence of the Central Security Force, then army troops who were ordered into major cities to quell street fighting.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} In the Sinai town of Rafah a lynch mob killed three police officers.{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/pyramids-closed-as-egypts-deadly-protests-spread/story-fn6s850w-1225996772657|title=Pyramids Closed as Deadly Riots Spread|work=Herald Sun|location=Australia|date=30 January 2011|access-date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204124129/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/pyramids-closed-as-egypts-deadly-protests-spread/story-fn6s850w-1225996772657|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=live}}

Many tourists sites were disrupted and the access to the Pyramids was suspended.{{Cite news|title=Egypt Closes Off Access to Famed Pyramids, Other Sites, as Protests Enter Fifth Day|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/egypt-closes-access-famed-pyramids-other-sites-protests-enter-fifth-day-261055|access-date=31 January 2011|work=International Business Times|date=29 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103000238/http://www.ibtimes.com/egypt-closes-access-famed-pyramids-other-sites-protests-enter-fifth-day-261055|archive-date=3 January 2014|url-status=live}} The resort town of Sharm-el Shaikh, however, remained calm.{{Cite news|last=Wingfield-Hayes|first=Rupert|title=No Sense of Any Crisis in Sharm El-Sheikh|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/12320129|access-date=31 January 2011|work=BBC News|date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131053026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/12320129|archive-date=31 January 2011|url-status=live}} Chaos was reported at Cairo International Airport, where thousands of stranded and frightened foreigners attempted to evacuate.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111316148317175.html |title=Egypt Protesters Increase Pressure |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=31 January 2011 |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117095814/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/20111316148317175.html |archive-date=17 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

File:2011 Egypt protests - sitting line of men.jpg

File:2011 Egypt protests - graffiti on military vehicle.jpg defaced with protester graffiti, the larger of which reads "Down with Mubarak", "No to Mubarak", "Mubarak the dictator has fallen", "30 years of theft and injustice ... enough is enough ... get out now!", "Leave, you thief!"'.]]

File:EAF F-16 during protests.jpg F-16s that flew over Cairo during the military's show of strength on 30 January]]

Overnight, thousands of protesters continued to defy the curfew and, as the night progressed, troops and armoured vehicles deployed across Cairo to guard key places such as train stations, major government buildings and banks. The army had insufficient capacity to patrol neighbourhoods, so residents set up armed vigilante groups to drive off looters and robbers.{{Cite news|title=Egypt Protests: Vice-President Sworn In|url=http://news.sky.com/story/832803/egypt-protests-vice-president-sworn-in|publisher=Sky News|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014172711/http://news.sky.com/story/832803/egypt-protests-vice-president-sworn-in|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}} A heavy army presence (though no police) was reported in Suez. Chaos was rampant in Suez during the night, but as day broke the streets remained relatively quiet. As in Cairo, many residents formed vigilante groups to protect their homes and businesses in the absence of police. The military set up numerous checkpoints throughout the city. An estimation of about 30 bodies including the bodies of two children were taken to El Demerdash Hospital in central Cairo.{{cite news |first1=David|last1=Batty|first2=Alex|last2=Olorenshaw|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/29/egypt-protests-government-live-blog |title=Egypt protests – as they happened |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419054139/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/29/egypt-protests-government-live-blog |archive-date=19 April 2016 |url-status=live}}

By 6:00 am local time, Tahrir Square was quiet, with only a few hundred people.{{cite web|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-301-egypt-protests|title=Live Blog 30/1 – Egypt Protests|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922012259/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-301-egypt-protests|archive-date=22 September 2013|url-status=live}} Later in the morning, 3–5,000 protesters were reported as gathering there, including hundreds of state judges protesting for the first time.[https://twitter.com/nolanjourno Dan Nolan @nolanjazeera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926223837/http://twitter.com/nolanjourno |date=26 September 2011 }}.{{Cite news|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypts-opposition-discusses-interim-government|title=Egypt's Opposition Discusses Interim Government|work=Almasry Alyoum|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419010405/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypts-opposition-discusses-interim-government|archive-date=19 April 2012|url-status=live}}

The National Association for Change, along with the April 6 Youth Movement, "We are all Khaled Said", the Jan 25 Movement and Kefaya (the main organizers of the protests) gave their support to ElBaradei to negotiate the formation of a temporary national unity government. They called for a new constitution and a transitional government.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12320200|title=Egypt Protests: ElBaradei Tells Crowd 'Change Coming'|work=BBC News|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104192909/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12320200|archive-date=4 January 2016|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Hanegbi |first=Tzachi |url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=205916&R=R3 |title=ElBaradei Joins Protesters in Cairo's Tahrir Square |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234503/http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=205916&R=R3 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Coker|first=Margaret|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704832704576114132934597622?mod=googlenews_wsj|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Backs ElBaradei Role|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=31 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012030239/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704832704576114132934597622?mod=googlenews_wsj|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}} The Muslim Brotherhood (MB), reiterated demands for Mubarak's resignation. The MB also said, after protests turned violent, that it was time for the military to intervene.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698|title=Live: Egypt Unrest|access-date=29 January 2011|date=28 January 2011|work=BBC News|archive-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130090143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698|quote="Mubarak must step down. It is time for the military to intervene and save the country"|url-status=live}} Al Jazeera reported that 34 members of the Muslim Brotherhood were released from custody as their guards abandoned their posts.{{Cite news |publisher=Al Jazeera |title=Egypt Protesters in Cairo Standoff |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201113033817859936.html |access-date=30 January 2011 |date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117095930/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/201113033817859936.html |archive-date=17 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, Egypt's Minister of Defence and Commander in Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces, was seen with the protesters in Tahrir Square in downtown Cairo.{{cite web |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypts-minister-defense-joins-protesters-tahrir-square |title=Egypt's Minister of Defense Joins Protesters in Tahrir Square |work=Al-Masry Al-Youm |date=30 January 2011 |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531104631/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypts-minister-defense-joins-protesters-tahrir-square |archive-date=31 May 2012 |url-status=live}} As of 18:30, ElBaradei had arrived in Tahrir Square and announced that "what we have begun cannot go back".{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011130165636218719.html |title=ElBaradei: No Going Back in Egypt |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117095935/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/01/2011130165636218719.html |archive-date=17 November 2011 |url-status=live}} He also said "You are the owners of this revolution. You are the future. Our key demand is the departure of the regime and the beginning of a new Egypt in which each Egyptian lives in virtue, freedom and dignity."{{cite web|url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110130/D9L2RQ980.html|title=Egypt Military Steps Up Presence in Chaotic Cairo|publisher=Apnews.myway.com|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225903/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110130/D9L2RQ980.html|archive-date=10 March 2012|url-status=live}} Egyptian opposition leaders said that talks would be held only with the army.{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/01/arab-satelite-network-al-jazeera-has-reported-that-egyptian-opposition-leaders-say-that-their-negotiations-for-a-transition.html|title=Egypt: Opposition Plans To Negotiate with Military, Not President|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201013302/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/01/arab-satelite-network-al-jazeera-has-reported-that-egyptian-opposition-leaders-say-that-their-negotiations-for-a-transition.html|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}} Mubarak was holding a meeting with his military commanders at the time.{{cite news|last=Salama|first=Vivian|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-30/mubarak-meets-military-commanders-as-protesters-looters-disregard-curfew.html|title=Mubarak Meets Military Commanders as Protesters, Looters Disregard Curfew|work=Bloomberg|access-date=30 January 2011|date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202051519/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-30/mubarak-meets-military-commanders-as-protesters-looters-disregard-curfew.html|archive-date=2 February 2011|url-status=live}}

Soldiers were then ordered to use live ammunition, but the army refused the order since it was present to "protect the people". The army chief told protesters they would not be fired upon. Helicopters monitored the protests, and fighter jets repeatedly flew low over Tahrir Square. After the first pass of the two Egyptian Air Force F-16s, the crowd cheered and subsequent passes triggered louder chants, laughing, and waving. The crowd did not disperse.{{Cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/832803/egypt-protests-vice-president-sworn-in|title=Egyptian Demonstrations Calm Down|work=USA Today|last=Michaels|first=Jim|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014172711/http://news.sky.com/story/832803/egypt-protests-vice-president-sworn-in|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}} Protesters were also reported picking up garbage in Tahrir Square, as essential services were not working and that they wanted to "keep our country clean". Food and water were offered at the scene by Egyptian people to the Egyptian protesters in sign of solidarity with the protesters.{{Cite magazine|last=Topol|first=Sarah A.|title=The Anti-Mubarak Love Train|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/world/82454/egypt-riots-mubarak-violence-peaceful|access-date=31 January 2011|magazine=The New Republic|date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922032803/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/world/82454/egypt-riots-mubarak-violence-peaceful|archive-date=22 September 2015|url-status=live}}

Mubarak asked the current aviation minister and former chief of Air Staff Ahmed Shafiq, to form a new government. Shafiq, a Mubarak loyalist, had often been mentioned as a potential successor to Mubarak due to his politically reliable nature.

The Egyptian Central Bank said all banks and the stock market would remain closed on 30 January.Haroutunian, Mourad; Namatalla, Ahmed A. (29 January 2011). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-30/egyptian-bourse-banks-will-be-closed-today-state-tv-reports.html "Egyptian Bourse, Banks Will Stay Closed Today After Anti-Mubarak Protests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020215256/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-30/egyptian-bourse-banks-will-be-closed-today-state-tv-reports.html |date=20 October 2014 }}. Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 January 2011. Police returned to the streets at about 10:30 pm except at Tahrir Square. By 10:55 local time, Al Jazeera's offices in Cairo were ordered to close. At the same time, all correspondents for the network had their credentials revoked.

On the night of 30 January Mubarak's Sharm el-Sheikh holiday villa was guarded by a small force of armed and loyal police who turned away all approaching vehicles.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8290760/Locals-in-Sharm-el-Sheikh-convinced-Mubarak-is-holed-up-there.html|title=Locals in Sharm-el-Sheikh convinced Mubarak is holed up there|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Alastair|last=Jamieson|date=29 January 2011|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110013313/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/8290760/Locals-in-Sharm-el-Sheikh-convinced-Mubarak-is-holed-up-there.html|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status=dead}} Sharm el-Sheikh had seen no deaths and minimal trouble. Military aircraft were visible from the local airport's perimeter fence, although the airport was frequently used by the armed forces for operations. It was also one of the hubs for private air travel in and around Egypt, but most light aircraft had departed earlier that day.

File:EAF Mi-17 over Cairo.jpg circling over Tahrir Square]]

The night of 30 to 31 January was quieter in Cairo, with fewer reports of looting. For the fourth day in a row the curfew was violated without repercussions. Security officials had announced that the curfew would start at 3:00 pm and threatened to shoot anyone who ignored it, although eventually little or no action was taken{{Cite news|last=Egypt|first=guardian.co.uk|title=Egyptian Protests – Timeline for the Weekend's Events|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/30/egypt-saturday-events-timeline|access-date=31 January 2011|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921014225/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/30/egypt-saturday-events-timeline|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live}} as security and army personnel left Tahrir Square.

Hundreds of thousands continued to protest in Egyptian cities, including 250,000 protesters in Cairo alone.{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/watch%5Fnow/|title=Live Stream – Watch Now|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323125250/http://aljazeera.com/watch_now/|archive-date=23 March 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-311-egypt-protests|title=Live Blog 31/1 – Egypt Protests|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723054642/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-311-egypt-protests|archive-date=23 July 2012|url-status=live}} A protester was shot dead in Abu Simbel and extra troops were moved to guard the Suez Canal. For the first time during protests, there were pro-Mubarak protests of at least 1,000 people. Mohamed ElBaradei again joined thousands of protesters in Tahrir Square. The National Association for Change, an umbrella group that contains several opposition movements including the Muslim Brotherhood and pro-democracy groups, chose ElBaradei to negotiate with Mubarak. Luis Ayala, the secretary-general of the Socialist International said that the NDP was expelled because:

The use of violence, with scores dead and injured, is totally incompatible with the policies and principles of any social democratic party anywhere in the world. Consequently, we consider that a party in government that does not listen, that does not move and that does not immediately initiate a process of meaningful change in these circumstances, cannot be a member of the Socialist International. We are, as of today, ceasing the membership of the NDP, however we remain determined to cooperate with all the democrats in Egypt striving to achieve an open, democratic, inclusive and secular state.{{cite web|url=http://www.socialistinternational.org/images/dynamicImages/files/Letter%20NDP.pdf|title=To the General Secretary of the National Democratic Party, Egypt|publisher=Socialist International|access-date=6 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165721/http://www.socialistinternational.org/images/dynamicImages/files/Letter%20NDP.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2011|url-status=live}}

Industrial strikes were also called in many cities, including Cairo.{{cite web |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/egypts-opposition-calls-strike-and-million-man-march |title=Egypt's opposition calls strike and 'million-man march' |work=The National|location=Abu Dhabi |date=2011-01-31 |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926230741/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/egypts-opposition-calls-strike-and-million-man-march |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=live}} Nissan had suspended production at its plant in Egypt to ensure employees' safety after anti-government protests, but Hyundai's plant chose to continue working.{{cite web|url=http://www.just-auto.com/news/nissan-suspends-production-at-giza-plant_id108821.aspx|title=Egypt: Nissan Suspends Production at Giza Plant: Automotive News & Analysis|publisher=Just-auto.com|access-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713125955/http://www.just-auto.com/news/nissan-suspends-production-at-giza-plant_id108821.aspx|archive-date=13 July 2011|url-status=live}}

Reports emerged of several major prisons across the country being attacked, and law and order rapidly deteriorated across most of Egypt. Criminal violence continued in Cairo as looters burnt out the Arkadia shopping mall. Egypt Air cancelled all internal and outbound flights;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozabs-egypt-egyptair-idAFJOE70U0FF20110131 |title=EgyptAir cancels flights overnight on Tuesday |date= 31 January 2011|access-date=8 April 2011}}. Af.reuters.com (31 January 2011). Retrieved 8 April 2011. an inbound Egypt Air flight from London to Cairo was diverted to Athens because of an alleged bomb threat.{{cite web|url=http://www.comparecarhire.co.uk/news/egyptair-jet-diverted-to-athens-after-bomb-scare-53824639.html|title=EgyptAir Jet Diverted to Athens after Bomb Scare|publisher=Comparecarhire.co.uk|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201013301/http://www.comparecarhire.co.uk/news/egyptair-jet-diverted-to-athens-after-bomb-scare-53824639.html|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}} Once policing became more problematic due to police disappearing from Cairo, the military took over, creating an overall more rigid system and making the military position more critical.{{cite web |author=David Costello ANALYSIS |url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/nation-locked-in-a-deadly-stalemate/story-fn6ck51p-1225997761161 |title=Nation Locked in a Deadly Stalemate |work=The Courier-Mail |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810223544/http://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/nation-locked-in-a-deadly-stalemate/story-fn6ck51p-1225997761161 |archive-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Egypt Braces for Massive Protest|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12331520|access-date=1 February 2011|date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202012353/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12331520|archive-date=2 February 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Nakhoul|first=Samia|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-54544320110131|title=Mubarak Offers Talks, Pushed by Army, US, Protests|work=Reuters|date=31 January 2011|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201232229/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/idINIndia-54544320110131|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}} Senior Egyptian generals led by Tantawi released a statement saying:

{{blockquote|The armed forces will not resort to use of force against our great people. Your armed forces, who are aware of the legitimacy of your demands and are keen to assume their responsibility in protecting the nation and the citizens, affirms that freedom of expression through peaceful means is guaranteed to everybody.{{Cite news|last=Nakhoul|first=Samia|title=Update 1 – Egypt Army: Will Not Use Violence Against Citizens|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-army-idAFLDE70U2JC20110131|work=Reuters|date=31 January 2011|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928094638/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/egypt-army-idAFLDE70U2JC20110131|archive-date=28 September 2014|url-status=live}}}}

Zahi Hawass, an internationally known archeologist, was appointed by Mubarak to the newly created cabinet post of Minister of Antiquities during the cabinet shakeup on 31 January. Hawass said in a statement published on his personal blog that "the broken objects can all be restored, and we will begin the restoration process this week".{{cite web |url=http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/02/01/egypt_looted_treasures_returned/ |title=Hundreds of Looted Treasures Recovered, Egypt's Antiquities Chief Reports |date=1 February 2011 |author=David Braun |work=National Geographic |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051915/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2011/02/01/egypt_looted_treasures_returned/ |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=dead}} In a New York Times interview he rejected comparisons with Iraq and Afghanistan and said that antiquities were being safeguarded.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/02/world/middleeast/02antiquities.html|title=Egyptian Official, Zahi Hawass, Says Antiquities Are Secure|last=Taylor|first=Kate|date=2 February 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906143354/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/02/world/middleeast/02antiquities.html|archive-date=6 September 2011|url-status=live}}

{{multiple image

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| align =

| footer = From left to right: Demonstrators in Tahrir Square during prayer; Demonstrators in Sidi Gaber, Alexandria

| image1 = Friday prayer in Tahrir (Women Ahead of men).jpg

| image2 = Demonstrators in Sidi Gaber, Alexandria on February 1.jpg

}}

File:Cairo female protesters with colorful signs - 1FEB2011.jpg

Opposition leaders called for a "March of the Millions", from the Arabic {{lang|ar|مسيرة مليونية}}{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/c9541797-bd00-4240-bbdd-97b39462ae7a |title=Gathering stats for the 'March of the Millions' |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=ar |access-date=6 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515223810/http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/c9541797-bd00-4240-bbdd-97b39462ae7a |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=live}} masīrat milyōna){{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-opposition-plans-march-of-millions/ |title=Egypt Opposition Plans 'March of Millions' |publisher=CBS News |date=31 January 2011 |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305181926/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/31/world/main7301297.shtml |archive-date=5 March 2011 |url-status=live}} from Cairo's Tahrir Square to the Presidential Palace in Heliopolis on 1 February.{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-01-31/egypt-protesters-call-for-million-man-march/1924552 |title=Egypt Protesters Call for Million-Man March |newspaper=ABC News |date=31 January 2011 |publisher=ABC |location=Australia |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121185541/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-01-31/egypt-protesters-call-for-million-man-march/1924552 |archive-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=live}} Egyptian security forces fortified Mubarak's presidential palace with coils of barbed wire to ensure no demonstrators could break into the palace.{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/live-blog-egypt-in-crisis-day-8/ |title=Live Blog: Egypt in Crisis, Day 8 – World Watch |publisher=CBS News |date=2011-02-01 |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103122111/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20030175-503543/live-blog-egypt-in-crisis-day-8/ |archive-date=3 November 2012 |url-status=live}}

According to the Egyptian government media, the number of protesters in Cairo was reported to be thousands. The BBC reported the number of protesters in Tahrir Square ranged from "more than 100,000 to some 250,000—the square's maximum capacity."[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 "Live Update at 15:44: Huge Protests Fan Egypt Unrest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130090143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |date=30 January 2011 }}. BBC News. 1 February 2011. Egyptian security forces stated that 500,000 people participated in the protests in Cairo alone.{{cite news |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/aegypten-praesident-mubarak-verzichtet-auf-weitere-amtszeit/3821220.html |title=Ägypten: Präsident Mubarak verzichtet auf weitere Amtszeit – International – Politik |newspaper=Handelsblatt |language=de |date=2011-02-01 |access-date=3 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924131314/http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/aegypten-praesident-mubarak-verzichtet-auf-weitere-amtszeit/3821220.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}} According to Al Jazeera, over one million protesters gathered in central Cairo, but other analyses suggested that such estimates might have been overstated. A crowd-size analysis based on Tahrir Square's physical dimensions and density pointed to smaller numbers, suggesting a maximum capacity of 200,000 to 250,000 individuals within the square and surrounding areas.{{Cite web |date=2011-02-01 |title=Update on the Size of Protests in Cairo |url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/update-size-protests-cairo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116130839/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/update-size-protests-cairo |archive-date =2018-11-16 |website=worldview.stratfor.com |quote=...Tahrir Square can accommodate approximately 200,000 people. However, images from Tahrir Square show empty spaces in the middle of the square and along the edges, meaning it is not yet at capacity. Also, protesters are moving around the square. Since movement requires more space, this shows that the crowd density apparently has not reached one person per 2.5 square feet. Protesters are also present in the seven side streets leading into Tahrir Square and on bridges and roads along the Nile, possibly adding several tens of thousands of protesters more. However, these protesters do not appear to be numerous enough to reach the reported estimates of 2 million.}}{{Cite news |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |date=Feb 1, 2011 |title=How Many People Are in Tahrir Square? Here's How to Tell [Updated] |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/02/how-many-people-are-in-tahrir-square-heres-how-to-tell/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |quote=These are crude numbers but I would venture an estimate of 200,000 max for those four contiguous spaces. There are of course several streets that feed into the "square" and the possibility of another 50,000 or so in those feeder spaces abutting the "square."}}{{Cite web |last=Mackey |first=Robert |date=2011-02-01 |title=Updates on Day 8 of Protests in Egypt |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/01/latest-updates-on-day-8-of-protests-in-egypt/#:~:text=A%20colleague%20on%20The%20New%20York%20Times%20graphics%20desk,%20Sergio%20J.%20Pecanha,%20used%20a%20satellite%20photograph%20of%20Tahrir%20Square%20to%20estimate%20that%20it%20would%20hold%20roughly%20225,000%20people%20at%20maximum%20capacity: |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The Lede |language=en |quote=A colleague on The New York Times graphics desk, Sergio J. Pecanha, used a satellite photograph of Tahrir Square to estimate that it would hold roughly 225,000 people at maximum capacity}}

Similar protests occurred across Egypt with hundreds of thousands in Alexandria, and an estimated 250,000 in Sinai{{cite web|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112113115442982.html|title=Protesters Flood Egypt Streets|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=2 February 2011|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216094727/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112113115442982.html|archive-date=16 December 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/01/egypt-protests-live-updates|title=Egypt Protests – Live Updates|work=The Guardian|location=London|first1=Matthew|last1=Weaver|first2=Haroon|last2=Siddique|first3=Richard|last3=Adams|date=1 February 2011|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201234717/http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2011/feb/01/egypt-protests-live-updates|archive-date=1 February 2011|url-status=live}} and Suez{{cite news |author=Aneja, Atul |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/02/stories/2011020263100100.htm |title=Unprecedented Show of People Power at Egypt's Tahrir Square |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=4 February 2011 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205035024/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/02/stories/2011020263100100.htm |archive-date=5 February 2011 |work=The Hindu |url-status=dead}} marking the largest mobilisation in the then eight-day-old protest. Meanwhile, a virtual "March of Millions" was launched on Facebook with the goal of reaching one million voices in support of the march. The event gathered 833,000 online supporters.{{cite web|url=http://www.facebook.com/events/126197157451259/|title=‘Virtual “March of Millions” in Solidarity with Egyptian Protestors’|via=Facebook|access-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922174139/https://www.facebook.com/events/126197157451259/|archive-date=22 September 2013|url-status=live}}{{cite book|title=Media Events: A Critical Contemporary Approach|editor1=Bianca Mitu|editor2=Stamatis Poulakidakos|year=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| page=41 | quote= ...a parallel virtual scene in social media was organized as a virtual ‘March of Millions’ with the goal of reaching one million voices in support of the march. A virtual ‘March of Millions’ in solidarity with Egyptian protestors gathered 833,000 online supporters on Facebook, as people joined the virtual event and ‘virtual opposition’. This event became an omni-channel experience for the protestors and their witnesses, which integrated physical world protests with massive online solidarity created on various media platforms | isbn=978-1-349-84733-4|doi=10.1057/9781137574282}}

Vice President Suleiman held a meeting with some of the Muslim Brotherhood figures, including Mohamed Morsi and Saad El-Katatny. In the meeting Suleiman asked them to withdraw the MB youth from Tahrir so the situation would cool down and in return the Muslim Brotherhood would gain legitimacy by obtaining an actual license for a political party plus releasing some of its members including Khairat El-Shater.{{cite web |author=Haitham Abu Khalil |url=http://elbadil.com/2012/03/23/35046// |title=Khairat El-Shater: The slandered and the slander |language=ar |publisher=ElBadil.net |access-date=23 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928005917/http://elbadil.com/2012/03/23/35046/ |archive-date=28 September 2015 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/745996 |title=Mohamed Habib: The nomination of El-Shater is a strategic error and will cost the country and the brotherhood |publisher=Almasryalyoum.com |language=ar |date=2012-03-28 |access-date=5 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403164813/http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/745996 |archive-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=live}}

In the late evening (11:00 PM local Egyptian time) President Mubarak proclaimed that he did not intend to run in the next election.{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/01/hosni-mubarak-speech-live_n_817091.html |title=Hosni Mubarak Speech: 1 Feb. Address To Egypt (LIVE Updates) |work=HuffPost |date=2011-02-01 |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201231918/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/01/hosni-mubarak-speech-live_n_817091.html |archive-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Mubarak said he would stay in office to ensure a peaceful transition to the next election, set for September 2011, and promised to make political reforms. He also said that he would demand that Egyptian authorities pursue "outlaws" and "investigate those who caused the security disarray." Mubarak said that peaceful protests were transformed into "unfortunate clashes, mobilised and controlled by political forces that wanted to escalate and worsen the situation". He called upon the Egyptian parliament to change the term limits of the presidency and to change the requirements to run for president. He also admitted that there were voting violations by key members of the parliament, which would have led to removing those who were in rigged positions through the legal process.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-mubarak-speech-idAFLDE7102JP20110201?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true |title=Text – President Mubarak's Speech after Mass Protest |work=Reuters |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928091900/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/01/egypt-mubarak-speech-idAFLDE7102JP20110201?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true |archive-date=28 September 2014 |url-status=live}}

In his speech on 1 February 2011 he said:

This dear nation ... is where I lived, I fought for it and defended its soil, sovereignty and interests. On its soil I will die. History will judge me like it did others.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12301713 |title=Profile: Hosni Mubarak |work=BBC News |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202072315/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12301713 |archive-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

Crowds continued protesting in Tahrir Square, demanding that the president step down.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121191413252982.html |title=Defiant Mubarak Vows To Finish Term |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122093933/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121191413252982.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live}} There were reports that Mubarak's proclamation came after President Barack Obama's special envoy, Frank G. Wisner, told Mubarak the U.S. saw his presidency at an end and urged him to prepare for an orderly transition to real democracy.{{cite web|url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110201/D9L48QIO0.html|title=Obama envoy told Mubarak tenure coming to a close|access-date=5 February 2011|publisher=myway|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325165323/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110201/D9L48QIO0.html|archive-date=25 March 2012|url-status=live}} In the past, Mubarak had said he would continue to serve Egypt until his last breath.{{cite web |url=http://nextbigfuture.com/2011/02/media-seems-to-think-mubarak-will-fade.html |title=Media seems to think Mubarak will fade away quietly – confirmed |access-date=29 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102202116/http://nextbigfuture.com/2011/02/media-seems-to-think-mubarak-will-fade.html |archive-date=2 January 2012 |url-status=live}}. Nextbigfuture.com (1 February 2011). Retrieved 29 December 2011.

The United Nations human rights chief Navi Pillay announced that there were reports that more than 300 people had died in the violence with up to 3,000 injured, although stressed that these reports remain unconfirmed.{{cite web|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/300-killed-so-far-in-Egypt-protests-20110201|title='300 Killed' So Far in Egypt Protests|publisher=South African Press Association (via News24)|date=18 December 2010|access-date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204002939/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/300-killed-so-far-in-Egypt-protests-20110201|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=live}} Meanwhile, banks remained closed, making it difficult for people to obtain money to buy food; for those that have money, prices skyrocketed as consumers flood the few open stores.{{cite magazine |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-01/egyptians-face-food-inflation-by-day-roaming-looters-at-night.html |title=Egyptians Face Food Inflation by Day, Roaming Looters at Night |date=1 February 2011 |archive-date=2 January 2012 |magazine=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102141348/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-01/egyptians-face-food-inflation-by-day-roaming-looters-at-night.html |url-status=dead |access-date=3 February 2013}} Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's Prime Minister, urged Mubarak to meet his people's "desire for change".{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-1-egypt-protests |title=Turkey's Prime Minister Weighs in on the Crisis |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103173939/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-1-egypt-protests |archive-date=3 January 2014 |url-status=live}}

{{clear}}

File:'The March of Millions' - It's in our hands.png

During the night of 1–2 February, Mubarak supporters and protesters clashed in Alexandria, where shots were reportedly fired into the air.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-2-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 2 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112233420/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-2-egypt-protests |archive-date=12 January 2013 |url-status=live}} In Cairo, many protesters from the previous day had remained in Tahrir Square overnight.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/02/world/middleeast/02scene.html?src=twrhp|title=Quiet Acts of Protest on a Noisy Day|work=The New York Times|first1=Kareem|last1=Fahim|first2=Anthony|last2=Shadid|date=1 February 2011|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132032/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/02/world/middleeast/02scene.html?src=twrhp|archive-date=14 September 2018|url-status=live}}

In the morning, Internet access had been partially restored and the night-time curfew was eased, running from 5:00 pm to 7:00 am instead of 3:00 PM to 8:00 AM.

{{cite web |last=Cowie |first=James |url=http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/02/egypt-returns-to-the-internet.shtml |title=Egypt Returns to the Internet – Renesys Blog |publisher=Renesys.com |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205190100/http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/02/egypt-returns-to-the-internet.shtml |archive-date=5 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |title=Egypt Unrest |work=BBC News |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130090143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |archive-date=30 January 2011 |url-status=live}} By midday, the army was asking protesters to go home in order to stabilise the situation.{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/02/02/goodspeed-analysis-only-the-egyptian-army-has-power-to-restore-stability/ |title=Goodspeed Analysis: Only the Egyptian Army Has Power To Restore Stability |work=National Post |location=Canada |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717111441/http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/02/02/goodspeed-analysis-only-the-egyptian-army-has-power-to-restore-stability/ |archive-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=live}} State television then announced: "You have to evacuate Tahrir Square immediately. We've got confirmed information that violent groups are heading toward Tahrir Square carrying firebombs and seeking to burn the Square."

The NDP sent many people to show support for Mubarak.{{cite magazine|author=Walt, Vivienne|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2045328_2045333_2045720,00.html|title=Bloodshed as Mubarak Supporters Clash with Cairo Protesters – The Middle East in Revolt|magazine=Time|date=31 January 2011|access-date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221055/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2045328_2045333_2045720,00.html|archive-date=28 June 2011|url-status=dead}} Provocateurs on horses and camels armed with swords, whips, clubs, stones, rocks, and pocket knives, attacked anti-government protesters in central Cairo,Ackerman, Spencer (2 February 2011). [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/02/horses-camels-rocks-molotovs-egypts-thug-tech/ "Horses, Camels, Rocks, Molotovs: Egypt's Thug Tech"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628225431/http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/02/horses-camels-rocks-molotovs-egypts-thug-tech/ |date=28 June 2013 }} Wired. Retrieved 2 February 2011.{{Cite news|title=Mubarak Supporters, Protesters Clash in Egypt|publisher=MSNBC|date=2 February 2011|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41383377|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930210853/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41383377/ns/world_news-mideast/n_africa/#.UQ7tYPJ2pWI|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|work=The New York Times|title=Clashes Erupt in Cairo Between Mubarak's Allies and Foes|date=2 February 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/03/world/middleeast/03egypt.html|access-date=2 February 2011|first1=David D.|last1=Kirkpatrick|first2=Kareem|last2=Fahim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202224845/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/03/world/middleeast/03egypt.html|archive-date=2 February 2011|url-status=live}} including Tahrir Square{{Cite video|date=2 February 2011|title=Camels & Horses Storm into Tahrir Square as Protesters Clash in Cairo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXwKqmDmuDs|publisher=RT|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204233027/http://www.youtube.com//watch?v=YXwKqmDmuDs|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=live}} in what was later known as the (Battle of Jamal or Battle of the Camel){{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12369422|title=Egyptian media: State misinformation amid the protests?|work=BBC News|date=4 February 2011|access-date=9 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208214041/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12369422|archive-date=8 February 2011|url-status=live}} ({{langx|ar|موقعة الجمل}}).{{cite news |url=http://news.egypt.com/arabic/permalink/862374.html |title=Residue of 'Camel Battle' found in the new Egyptian Museum |work=news.egypt.com |language=ar |date=4 February 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215123846/http://news.egypt.com/arabic/permalink/862374.html |archive-date=15 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Security officials were witnessed bribing ordinary citizens into attacking protesters. Some pro-Mubarak supporters were reportedly off-duty and undercover police,{{cite news |author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/02/egypt.pro.mubarak/ |title=Who Are the Pro-Mubarak Demonstrators? |publisher=CNN |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202225527/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/02/egypt.pro.mubarak/ |archive-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=dead}} carrying police IDs. Gunfire was reported to be heard in Tahrir Square.

Molotov cocktails were also used on protesters,{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mubarak-backers-attack-antigovernment-protesters-2201971.html |title=Mubarak backers attack anti-government protesters – Africa – World |newspaper=The Independent |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118054355/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mubarak-backers-attack-antigovernment-protesters-2201971.html |archive-date=18 November 2014 |url-status=live}} some landing on the grounds of the Egyptian Museum.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/02/egypt-protests-live-updates#block-66 |title=Egypt protests – Wednesday 2 February |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=4 February 2011 |first1=Matthew |last1=Weaver |first2=Haroon |last2=Siddique |first3=Richard |last3=Adams |first4=Paul |last4=Owen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920022240/http://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/02/egypt-protests-live-updates#block-66 |archive-date=20 September 2013 |url-status=live}} Pro-Mubarak supporters were filmed dropping stones and firebombs from buildings onto demonstrators. Five were reported killed and 836 were taken to hospitals according to the Health Minister.{{cite web |url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/67633/five-dead-as-shots-fired-during-cairo-clashes |title=Five Dead as Shots Fired During Cairo Clashes |work=Radio New Zealand |date=3 February 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201084657/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/67633/five-dead-as-shots-fired-during-cairo-clashes |archive-date=1 February 2012 |url-status=live}} There were also clashes in Alexandria{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12345656 |title=Egypt Unrest: Deadly Clashes Rock Cairo's Tahrir Square |work=BBC News |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203044034/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12345656 |archive-date=3 February 2011 |url-status=live}} and unrest in Port Said. Shadi Hamid, a Brookings Institution analyst based in Qatar, suggested a strategy of "hired muscle" had repeatedly been employed in the past by the Mubarak government, suggesting the same approach was possible. The Interior Ministry denied that this was being done.{{cite news|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/02/egypt.pro.mubarak/|title=Who Are the Pro-Mubarak Demonstrators?|publisher=CNN|date=2 February 2011|access-date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202225527/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/02/egypt.pro.mubarak/|archive-date=2 February 2011|url-status=dead}} Some journalists were attacked by the pro-Mubarak supporters.{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/02/anderson-cooper-attacked-punched-egypt_n_817352.html |title=Anderson Cooper Attacked, Punched in the Head by Pro-Mubarak Mob in Egypt |work=HuffPost |access-date=2 February 2011 |first=Jack |last=Mirkinson |date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202155004/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/02/anderson-cooper-attacked-punched-egypt_n_817352.html |archive-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/8903443/Egypt-elections-and-the-Arab-Spring-live.html |title=Egypt Protests: Live |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011 |first=Amy |last=Willis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129092244/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/8903443/Egypt-elections-and-the-Arab-Spring-live.html |archive-date=29 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

ElBaradei called on the army to intervene. He also said Mubarak should be given a "safe exit" for Friday's "Departure Day."{{cite news |author=John Lyons, Cairo |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/hosni-mubarak-must-go-by-friday-says-mohamed-elbaradei/story-e6frg6so-1225998404724 |title=Hosni Mubarak Must Go by Friday, Says Mohamed ElBaradei |work=The Australian |access-date=2 February 2011 |date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209101851/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/hosni-mubarak-must-go-by-friday-says-mohamed-elbaradei/story-e6frg6so-1225998404724 |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}} and that "Today's violence is again an indication of a criminal regime that has lost any common sense. When the regime tries to counter a peaceful demonstration by using thugs ... there are few words that do justice to this villainy and I think it can only hasten that regime's departure."{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/02/egypt-revolution-turns-ugly|title=Egypt's Revolution Turns Ugly as Mubarak Fights Back|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2 February 2011|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061624/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/02/egypt-revolution-turns-ugly|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live}} A coalition of opposition parties agreed to hold talks with the newly formed government. However, ElBaradei and the Muslim Brotherhood stressed they would not talk to any government representative, including Vice President Omar Suleiman, until Mubarak's resignation.{{cite web|last=Issacharoff|first=Avi|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/is-mubarak-at-the-end-of-his-tether-1.340934|title=Is Mubarak at the End of His Tether?|work=Haaretz|date=28 January 2011|access-date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205200809/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/is-mubarak-at-the-end-of-his-tether-1.340934|archive-date=5 February 2011|url-status=live}}

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Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti of Egypt, said: "I greet President Mubarak who offered dialogue and responded to the demands of the people. Going against legitimacy is Haram (forbidden). This is an invitation for chaos. We support stability. What we have now is a blind chaos leading to a civil war. I call on all parents to ask their children to stay home." A former general who was a part of the intelligence services said that Mubarak would have no qualms about "setting the whole country on fire." Western media suggested the possibility of civil war as violence between the two sides escalated, leaving over a thousand injured.{{cite news |first1=Peter|last1=Beaumont|first2=Jack|last2=Shenker|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/03/egyptian-army-disperses-mubarak-supporters |title=Egyptian army disperses Mubarak supporters from bridge|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061904/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/03/egyptian-army-disperses-mubarak-supporters |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/835098/hundreds-injured-as-cairo-clashes-subside |first1=Stuart|last1=Ramsay|first2=Kat|last2=Higgins|title=Egypt Crisis: Violence Breaks Out Between Pro And Anti-Mubarak Supporters in Tahrir Square, Cairo |publisher=Sky News |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014084444/http://news.sky.com/story/835098/hundreds-injured-as-cairo-clashes-subside |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4023068,00.html |title=Civil war underway in Egypt? |work=Ynetnews |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205034418/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4023068,00.html |archive-date=5 February 2011 |url-status=live|last1=Shezaf |first1=Tsur }}{{cite news |url=http://www.egyptnews.net/story.php?rid=42597140 |title=Hundreds injured, one dead after Mubarak protesters and supporters clash |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202231614/http://www.egyptnews.net/story.php?rid=42597140 |archive-date=2 February 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/egyptian-clashes-leave-3-dead-hundreds-hurt-1.1029403 |title=Egyptian clashes leave 3 dead, hundreds hurt – World – CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227091453/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/02/02/egypt-mubarak-military.html |archive-date=27 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon condemned the violence and reiterated calls for reform,{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-un-idAFLDE71120F20110202 |title=Update 2 – UN's Ban Urges Reform Not Repression in Egypt|work=Reuters |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=2 February 2011}} while EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said that the violence must stop and that Mubarak needed to explicitly describe proposed changes.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron and the White House condemned the violence, and the US State Department called for restraint. US President Obama also said that the transition "must be meaningful, it must be peaceful and it must begin now".{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/02/01/us.egypt.obama/index.html|title=Obama says Egypt's transition 'must begin now'|publisher=CNN|date=2 February 2011|access-date=13 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213141207/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/02/01/us.egypt.obama/index.html|archive-date=13 February 2011|url-status=live}} German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle and French President Nicolas Sarkozy asserted the right to march peacefully, while Erdogan called for democratisation. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed concern over a new government saying: "I am convinced that the forces that want to bring change and democratization in Egypt will also enhance peace between Israel and the Arab world. But we are not there yet. The struggle has not been decided ... We need to do everything to make sure that peace endures."{{cite news |author=Alan Silverleib |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/02/egypt.world.reaction/ |title=World Leaders Denounce Attacks on Egyptian Protesters |publisher=CNN |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204130030/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/02/egypt.world.reaction/ |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}

Mubarak rejected international calls to step aside. Finance Minister Samir Radwan said the government would be "open to discussion with all shades of political opinions". The army had earlier broadcast a message on television:  ... You began by going out to express your demands and you are the ones capable of restoring normal life.{{cite web |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle09.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2011/February/middleeast_February48.xml§ion=middleeast |title=Army tells protesters to help Egypt return to normal |publisher=Khaleejtimes.com |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=8 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930094248/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle09.asp?xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2011%2FFebruary%2Fmiddleeast_February48.xml§ion=middleeast |archive-date=30 September 2012 |url-status=live}}

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On 2–3 February, 13 people were killed and 1,200 injured, according to the Egyptian health ministry.{{cite news|title=Egypt protests – live updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/03/egypt-protests-live-updates|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 February 2011|location=London|first1=Matthew|last1=Weaver|first2=Richard|last2=Adams|first3=Haroon|last3=Siddique|first4=Paul|last4=Owen|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205120313/https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/03/egypt-protests-live-updates|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}

In Cairo, a standoff took place in front of the Egyptian Museum in the early morning hours with rocks and petrol bombs reportedly flying. Large-caliber shots were reportedly fired in the air by the army to keep opposing factions at bay. There was a heavy police presence at the museum following the standoff. Anti-government protesters banged on metal railings while rocks were thrown at them.

Protests continued in Alexandria and Mansoura, where Al Jazeera suggested up to a million people marched.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-3-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 3 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112233358/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-3-egypt-protests |archive-date=12 January 2013 |url-status=live}} In Cairo, Egyptian army tanks cleared a highway overpass from which pro-Mubarak protesters had been hurling rocks and Molotov cocktails onto the anti-Mubarak protesters. On the streets below, hundreds of armed soldiers lined up between the two factions, pushing the pro-Mubarak protesters back and blocking the main hotspots in front of the Egyptian Museum and at other entrances to the square.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L5DANO0.html |title=Cairo square chaos intensifies, violence spreads |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225241/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L5DANO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Violence was reported to have been perpetrated by police.{{cite news |last=Mazen |first=Maram |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/-you-will-be-lynched-egyptian-policeman-tells-reporters-first-person.html |title=You Will Be Lynched, Egyptian Policeman Tells Reporters: First Person |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=5 February 2011 |date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205141438/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/-you-will-be-lynched-egyptian-policeman-tells-reporters-first-person.html |archive-date=5 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

The Prosecutor General decided to prevent former ministers and government officials Ahmed Abdel Aziz Ahmed Ezz, Mohamed Zuhair Mohamed Waheed Garana, Ahmed Alaa El Din Maghraby, Habib Ibrahim El Adly and others from traveling outside the country. He also froze their bank accounts, and established investigative authorities and procedures to identify and investigate criminal and administrative responsibilities in all of these cases.{{cite web |url=http://news.egypt.com/arabic/permalink/862157.html |title=Attorney General Decides To Prevent Ahmed Ezz, the Number of Ministers and Former Officials from Traveling Abroad. |publisher=news.egypt.com |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215034527/http://news.egypt.com/arabic/permalink/862157.html |archive-date=15 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

With banks not due to reopen for three more days,{{cite news |last=Namatalla |first=Ahmed A |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-03/egypt-s-opposition-rejects-mubarak-talks-urges-supporters-to-hold-ground.html |title=Egypt's Anti-Mubarak Protesters Vow to Hold Ground |work=Bloomberg |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204123827/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-03/egypt-s-opposition-rejects-mubarak-talks-urges-supporters-to-hold-ground.html |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=live}} cash-starved Egyptians reportedly were offered food and money to side against the anti-Mubarak protesters in Tahrir Square.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L5DTJ00.html |title=Cash-Starved Egyptians Turn on Each Other |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225334/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L5DTJ00.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Bloomberg reported that Vodafone had been forced by the Egyptian government to send SMS text messages to its customers. The pro-Mubarak messages characterized protesters as disloyal and called upon recipients to "confront" them. Vodafone CEO Vittorio Colao reported that the general public was still blocked from sending text messages.{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-03/vodafone-ordered-to-send-egyptian-government-messages-update1-.html|title=Vodafone Says It Was Instructed to Send Pro-Mubarak Messages to Customers|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=3 February 2011|first=Jonathan|last=Browning|date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204123845/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-03/vodafone-ordered-to-send-egyptian-government-messages-update1-.html|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=live}}

Shahira Amin resigned from her position as deputy head of Nile TV, citing its coverage of the protests, saying, "I walked out yesterday. I can't be part of the propaganda machine; I am not going to feed the public lies."[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egyptian-state-tv-finally-airs-voice-of-dissent/ "Egyptian State TV Finally Airs Voice of Dissent"] by Mark Strassmann – CBS News. Retrieved 11 February 2011. Many international journalists in Egypt covering the protests were detained, beaten, shouted at or threatened by pro-Mubarak protesters,{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L503U80.html |title=Journalists Attacked, Detained in Egypt |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225340/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110203/D9L503U80.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/foreign-journalists-attacked-in-egypt-1.1050392 |title=Foreign journalists attacked in Egypt – World – CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2011-02-03 |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104075222/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/foreign-journalists-attacked-in-egypt-1.1050392 |archive-date=4 November 2015 |url-status=live}} as were numerous Egyptian bloggers and activists including Wael Abbas.{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/wael-abbas-arrested-egypt/story?id=12834725 |title=Egyptian Blogger Who Posted Videos of Police Torture Is Arrested, Released |last=Cole |first=Matthew |author2=Mark Schone |work=ABC News |date=4 February 2011 |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206105712/https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/wael-abbas-arrested-egypt/story?id=12834725 |archive-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Two Al Jazeera reporters were attacked as they arrived from the airport{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/egypt-vice-president-tells-protesters-to-go-home-1.756374 |title=Egypt VP Says Violence Result of 'Conspiracy' |work=Gulf News |date=3 February 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204123745/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/egypt/egypt-vice-president-tells-protesters-to-go-home-1.756374 |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=live}} while three others were arrested{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201123165214813586.html|title=Call To Free Al Jazeera Journalists|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=3 February 2011|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220152219/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201123165214813586.html|archive-date=20 December 2011|url-status=live}} and later released.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jazeera-arrests-idUSTRE71285020110203|title=Al Jazeera Says Journalists Released in Egypt|work=Reuters|date=3 February 2011|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212221403/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/03/us-jazeera-arrests-idUSTRE71285020110203|archive-date=12 February 2013|url-status=live}}

{{quotebox|I was very unhappy about yesterday. I do not want to see Egyptians fighting each other ... I don't care what people say about me. Right now I care about my country, I care about Egypt ... I would never run away. I will die on this soil.|source=—Hosni Mubarak{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/egypt-abc-news-christiane-amanpour-exclusive-interview-president/story?id=12833673|title=Mubarak: 'If I Resign Today There Will Be Chaos'|work=ABC News|date=3 February 2011|access-date=3 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204123721/https://abcnews.go.com/International/egypt-abc-news-christiane-amanpour-exclusive-interview-president/story?id=12833673|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=live}}||width = 40%}}

In an interview, Mubarak said that he was "fed up" with being in power but would not resign because he did not want Egypt to descend into a chaos in which the Muslim Brotherhood would be the beneficiaries.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12361948 |title=Mubarak 'Fears Chaos If He Quits' |work=BBC News |date=3 February 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204051140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12361948 |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Suleiman said, in the same interview, that the Egyptian people do not have a culture of democracy and that an Islamic current is pushing young people to protest.{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/egypt-cairo/story?id=12851411|title=What Happens Next in Egypt?|website=ABC News |date=6 February 2011|access-date=8 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207194330/https://abcnews.go.com/ThisWeek/egypt-cairo/story?id=12851411|archive-date=7 February 2011|url-status=live}} In an interview broadcast on state television, Suleiman reasserted that "The president will not go for another term nor any member of his family including his son. The January 25 youth was not a destructive movement, however it was a demand movement ... Constitution articles 76 and 77 will be modified, other articles are subjected to change." Regarding the clashes in Tahrir Square he commented, "Everyone responsible for these clashes will be questioned ... The clashes had negatively impacted what the president speech had achieved." Regarding economic effects, he commented, "A million tourists had left Egypt in 9 days, imagine the lost revenue." He declared that anyone who had been arrested during the demonstrations would be released unless they had committed a crime. He asked the protesters to go home as all their demands had been heard. He thanked them for their efforts to move political life in Egypt forward.{{cite web |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/03/136077.html |title=Ahmed Ezz and 3 former Egyptian ministers are banned from travelling and investigation with Habib el-Adly starts |date=3 February 2011 |language=ar |publisher=Al Arabiya |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206080727/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/03/136077.html |archive-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

File:Tahrir Square during Friday of Departure.png

File:Abrams in Tahrir.jpg

During the night of 3–4 February, there were tanks on the street in Cairo as many of the protesters again spent the night in Tahrir Square. Pro-government protesters were active and small-scale clashes happened in the early hours.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-4-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 4 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914041722/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-4-egypt-protests |archive-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=live}} Ahmad Mohamed Mahmoud of Al-Ta'awun became the first journalist to die covering the protests,{{cite web |url=http://cpj.org/2011/02/press-attacks-cairo-reporter-dies.php |title=(Committee to Protect Journalists) |date=4 February 2011 |publisher=Cpj.org |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207012645/http://cpj.org/2011/02/press-attacks-cairo-reporter-dies.php |archive-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=live}} from gunshot wounds sustained on 28 January.{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/white-house-press-secretary-robert-gibbs-said-friday-that-the-obamas-administration-continues-to-receive-very-disturbing-repo.html |title=EGYPT: Reporter who was shot last week dies at local hospital | Babylon & Beyond |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207045413/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/white-house-press-secretary-robert-gibbs-said-friday-that-the-obamas-administration-continues-to-receive-very-disturbing-repo.html |archive-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

The organizers of the "Day of Revolt" and "Friday of Anger" called for a protest which was dubbed the "Friday of Departure". In Cairo, they planned to march to Heliopolis Palace. ({{langx|ar|جمعة الرحيل}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|gumʿat ar-raḥīl}}){{cite news |title=Friday of Departure |newspaper=Al Rai |url=http://www.alraimedia.com/Alrai/Article.aspx?id=253982&date=02022011 |date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011 |language=ar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204192834/http://www.alraimedia.com/Alrai/Article.aspx?id=253982&date=02022011 |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead}} They demanded Mubarak step down immediately, with 4 February as their deadline.{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/833208/what-is-the-future-for-president-mubarak|title=What Is the Future for President Mubarak?|date=2 February 2011|publisher=Sky News|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014172827/http://news.sky.com/story/833208/what-is-the-future-for-president-mubarak|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}} Protest marches were also held in Giza and El-Mahalla El-Kubra,{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201124175331299951.html |title=Egypt holds 'Day of Departure' – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117095003/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201124175331299951.html |archive-date=17 November 2011 |url-status=live}} Suez, Port Said, Rafah, Ismailiya, Zagazig, al-Mahalla al-Kubra, Aswan and Asyut.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12371479 Obama seeks quick Egypt handover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415140242/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12371479 |date=15 April 2015 }}, BBC News, 5 February 2011

Two million Egyptians flooded Tahrir Square to participate in Friday prayer in Tahrir Square.{{cite news|url=http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=235172 |title=2 million Egyptians turn out for Day of Departure|newspaper=Tehran Times|date=5 February 2011|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150406165209/http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=235172 | archive-date= 6 April 2015}} Egyptian Christians and others not performing Friday prayers formed a "human chain" around those praying to protect them from potential disruptions.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2011/02/-the-day-of-departure-calm-but-determined/176218/|author=Chris Bodenner|title="The Day of Departure": Calm But Determined|magazine=The Atlantic|access-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012054223/https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2011/02/-the-day-of-departure-calm-but-determined/176218/|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}} The day's planned events began after prayers. Al Jazeera estimated the crowd size to be over one million in Tahrir Square.[http://www.demotix.com/news/579902/flags-egypt-raised-above-tahrir-square "Flags of Egypt raised above Tahrir Square"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017231728/http://www.demotix.com/news/579902/flags-egypt-raised-above-tahrir-square |date=17 October 2012 }} Demotix – News By You – Retrieved 4 February 2011. Protesters held portraits of former presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/05/stories/2011020565420100.htm |title=Front Page : Ball in Mubarak's court as democracy pressure mounts |date=5 February 2011 |access-date=5 February 2011 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205200921/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/05/stories/2011020565420100.htm |archive-date=5 February 2011 |work=The Hindu |url-status=dead}} However, protesters did not get to the presidential palace. In Alexandria, over a million protesters turned out, making it the biggest-ever protest there. They warned that if the government used violence against protesters in Cairo, they would march to Cairo to join the protesters.

The New York Times and Bloomberg reported that the US administration was in talks with Egyptian officials over a proposal for Mubarak to resign immediately, turning over power to a transitional government headed by the vice-president,{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/world/middleeast/04diplomacy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=White House and Egypt Discuss Plan for Mubarak's Exit |work=The New York Times |date=3 February 2011 |access-date=5 February 2011 |first1=Helene |last1=Cooper |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611010323/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/world/middleeast/04diplomacy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |archive-date=11 June 2015 |url-status=live}} because the longer Mubarak held on to power the more "strident" protesters would become.{{cite news |last=Dorning |first=Mike |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/u-s-increases-pressure-on-egypt-military-to-accelerate-mubarak-departure.html |title=U.S. Increases Pressure to Speed Up Mubarak Departure |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=5 February 2011 |date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204123945/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/u-s-increases-pressure-on-egypt-military-to-accelerate-mubarak-departure.html |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Saad El-Katatny appeared on Mehwar TV Channel and stated that the Muslim brotherhood and Omar Suleiman reached an agreement in their previous meeting.{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3xkA_-642w |title=El-Katatny talking about the deal with Omar Suleiman on 4 February 2011 |via=YouTube |language=ar |date=2012-02-09 |access-date=8 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522083500/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3xkA_-642w |archive-date=22 May 2013 |url-status=live}}

The General Prosecutor followed up travel bans and frozen bank accounts on former ministers and government officials including former Minister of Trade and Industry Rachid Mohamed Rachid. He told Al Arabiya that "I returned from Davos to Egypt because of the current situation in Egypt. The new Prime Minister had contacted me for the same position in the new cabinet, I refused because I want fresh blood." Regarding the travel ban, he commented, "I had no idea about the accusations, I served for six and half years and I am completely ready to face any accusation. No one had informed me of this decision and I heard it from the news." He was considered a possible candidate for Prime Minister before the protests.{{cite web |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/04/136258.html |title=Attorney General issued a decree banning former trade minister from travelling and the freezing of his accounts |publisher=Al Arabiya |language=ar |date=4 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404032109/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/02/04/136258.html |archive-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=live}}

File:'You shall rise' Egyptian Revolution.png with the other]]

File:Broadcast of the revolution.jpg.]]

During the night of 4–5 February, a few protesters continued to camp out in Tahrir Square. Early in the morning shots were fired as protesters said pro-Mubarak activists tried to assault the square. Troops then fired into the air to disperse them. Demonstrators later formed a human chain to prevent tanks from passing through the barricades into the square; a witness said scuffles broke out when an army general asked demonstrators to take down their makeshift barricades of corrugated steel and debris.{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/05/egypt.protests/index.html?hpt=T1|title=Egypt's government meets opposition as protests continue|publisher=CNN|date=5 February 2011|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207194621/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/05/egypt.protests/index.html?hpt=T1|archive-date=7 February 2011|url-status=dead}} As the army tightened access to Tahrir Square, the head of the army met protesters{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-idUSTRE7141S820110205 |title=Egypt army seeks to free Tahrir Square for traffic |date=5 February 2011 |access-date=8 April 2011 |work=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321093907/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/05/us-egypt-protests-idUSTRE7141S820110205 |archive-date=21 March 2011 |url-status=live}}. Reuters. Retrieved 8 April 2011. and asked them to return home. Protesters responded that "he (Mubarak) will go" and they would not. The army was also more organized and present than on any other day of the protest.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-5-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 5 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710030617/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-5-egypt-protests |archive-date=10 July 2012 |url-status=live}} A heavy military presence continued in central Cairo. An Interior Ministry spokesman said that "the army remains neutral and is not taking sides because if we protect one side we will be perceived as biased....our role is to prevent clashes and chaos as we separate the opposing groups." Scuffles were reported during the day in Tahrir Square and one protester was said to have died. A group of foreigners including an English protester on the 5th and a Swede on the 6th{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swedish_protester_in_Tahrir.jpg |title=File:Swedish protester in Tahrir.jpg – Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date=6 February 2011 |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227085153/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swedish_protester_in_Tahrir.jpg |archive-date=27 February 2011 |url-status=live}} joined the protesters in Tahrir Square, handing out flowers in a sign of solidarity and holding up a banner in English. Five hundred protesters arrived in Tahrir Square from Suez. There were reports of over 10,000 people continuing to stay in Alexandria through the night.

State television announced the appointment of Hossam Badrawi (seen as a member of the liberal wing of the party) as Head of the Shura Council after Safwat El-Sherif's resignation from his position within the party. Mubarak's son Gamal also resigned as Assistant Secretary and Secretary of the Policy Committee.{{cite web |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/5039.aspx |title=Hossam Badrawi replaces NDP's Secretary general Safwat El Sherif and Gamal Mubarak |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg |date=2011-02-05 |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210045028/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/5039.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Minister of State for Legal Affairs Mufid Shehab and Presidential Chief-of-Staff Zakaria Azmy were dismissed from the party.{{cite news |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/ndp-overhaul-meager-concession-says-opposition |title=NDP overhaul a meager concession, says opposition | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt |newspaper=Al-Masry Al-Youm |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419011430/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/ndp-overhaul-meager-concession-says-opposition |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=live}} Initial reports indicated that Mubarak had resigned as head of the ruling NDP party,{{cite web |author=Mike Dowling |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/mubarak-focuses-on-economic-issues-as-protests-continue-2011-02/ |title=Protests continue in Egypt as NDP leadership resigns • TheJournal |publisher=Thejournal.ie |date=23 September 2010 |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208083656/http://www.thejournal.ie/mubarak-focuses-on-economic-issues-as-protests-continue-2011-02/ |archive-date=8 February 2011 |url-status=live}} however this was later denied by state television and the Information Minister.{{cite news|title=Hossam Badrawi replaces NDP's Secretary general Safwat El Sherif and Gamal Mubarak|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/5039.aspx|access-date=6 February 2011|newspaper=Al-Ahram|date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210045028/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/5039.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2011|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Information Minister denies Mubarak's resignation from ruling party|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/information-minister-denies-mubaraks-resignation-ruling-party|access-date=6 February 2011|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|date=6 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419011051/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/information-minister-denies-mubaraks-resignation-ruling-party|archive-date=19 April 2012|url-status=live}} Former Interior Minister Habib el-Adli and three of his leadership were put under house arrest. There had been reports about the arrest of other security leaders who were being held in a military prison.{{cite web|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt%E2%80%99s-attorney-general-bans-former-ministers-and-officials-travel|title=Egypt's attorney-general bans former ministers and officials from travel|publisher=Almasry Alyoum|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531104746/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt%E2%80%99s-attorney-general-bans-former-ministers-and-officials-travel|archive-date=31 May 2012|url-status=live}} However, the opposition leaders continued to seek ways to remove Mubarak from power. They called on the protesters to continue at Tahrir Square every Tuesday and Friday until Mubarak "resigns and makes true the demands of the people."

Trouble hit the border city of Rafa as a grenade was tossed into an empty church and the public library was set on fire on 5 February.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-gas-idUSTRE7141V020110205|title=Egypt gas pipeline attacked, Israel, Jordan flow hit|work=Reuters|last1=Perry|first1=Tom|last2=Blair|first2=Edmund|date=5 February 2011|access-date=19 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809070924/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-gas-idUSTRE7141V020110205|archive-date=9 August 2016|url-status=live}}

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| footer = From left to right: Copts leading the crowd in prayer in Tahrir Square and Muslims and Christians United for Egypt, by Carlos Latuff.

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| image2 = Muslims and Christians united for Egypt.png

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During the night of 5–6 February, protesters continued to camp out in Tahrir Square and Alexandria. However, gunfire was heard in the early hours of the day in Cairo.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-6-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 6 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915073517/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-6-egypt-protests |archive-date=15 September 2014 |url-status=live}} Banks temporarily reopened throughout the country amidst long queues,{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-banks-idUSTRE7150EZ20110206 |title=Customers queue at Egypt banks after protests |work=Reuters |date=6 February 2011 |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207194033/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/06/us-egypt-banks-idUSTRE7150EZ20110206 |archive-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=live}} and people rushed to buy US dollars.{{cite news |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt-pound-down-less-feared-central-bank-supports |title=Egypt pound down less than feared, central bank supports |work=Al-Masry Al-Youm |date=6 February 2011 |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419011458/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt-pound-down-less-feared-central-bank-supports |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=live}}

The organizers of the "Day of Revolt", "Friday of Anger", "March of the Millions" and "Friday of Departure" called for a protest that was dubbed the "Sunday of Martyrs"{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5046/Egypt/Politics-/Protesters-plan-Coptic-mass-on-Martyrs-Sunday.aspx|title=Protesters plan Coptic mass on 'Martyrs' Sunday'|newspaper=Al-Ahram|access-date=6 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209084419/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5046/Egypt/Politics-/Protesters-plan-Coptic-mass-on-Martyrs-Sunday.aspx|archive-date=9 February 2011|url-status=live}} ({{langx|ar|أحد الشهداء}}).

Copts held their Sunday Mass in Cairo's Tahrir Square as Muslim protesters formed a ring around them to protect them during the service.;{{cite web|url=http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/450890-egypt-christians-muslims-unite-in-tahrir.html|title=Egypt Christians, Muslims Unite in Tahrir|publisher=On Islam|access-date=6 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207193217/http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/450890-egypt-christians-muslims-unite-in-tahrir.html|archive-date=7 February 2011|url-status=live}} They did it to counter claims by state television that most of the anti-Mubarak protesters were members of the Muslim Brotherhood. Copts wanted to show that they were a part of Egypt's popular uprising and shared the grievances. Crowds in Tahrir Square chanted "We are one, we are one" ahead of prayers held at noon for those killed during the protests.

Muslims later participated in Salat al-Janazah ({{langx|ar|صلاة الجنازة}}) (literally: funeral prayer).{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/region/216/details/45844/prayers%2c-tears-for-%E2%80%98martyrs%E2%80%99|title=Prayers, tears for 'martyrs'|newspaper=Gulf Times|access-date=6 February 2011}} Protesters in Cairo numbered in the vicinity of one million.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201126131743308918.html |title=Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt talks – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216044651/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201126131743308918.html |archive-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=live}} Demonstrations continued in Alexandria focused around the train station of El Ramel. Several thousand anti-government protesters continued calling for Mubarak's resignation in Mansoura. Ayman Mohyeldin, an Al Jazeera English journalist, was arrested by soldiers in Tahrir Square, and held for 9 hours.{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/02/201127160284430.html |title=Ayman Mohyeldin on his detention |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122094006/http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/02/201127160284430.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

Vice President Suleiman negotiated with the opposition, including Mohamed Morsi and El-Sayyid el-Badawi. The Muslim Brotherhood said it was talking with the government.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |title=Egypt unrest |publisher=BBC |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130090143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698 |archive-date=30 January 2011 |url-status=live}} Suleiman agreed to set up a committee of judiciary and political figures to study constitutional reforms. The committee was due to meet by early March.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110206/D9L7B7IO0.html |title=Egypt's regime makes new concessions to opposition |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225344/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110206/D9L7B7IO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Naguib Sawiris, who was involved in the talks, said that "big progress" had been made.{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Camilla |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-07/egyptian-credit-risk-falling-to-lowest-since-protests-started.html |title=Egypt Credit Risk Falls to Lowest Since Start of Protests as Crisis Eases |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=8 February 2011 |date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209102506/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-07/egyptian-credit-risk-falling-to-lowest-since-protests-started.html |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

{{multiple image

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| footer = From left to right: An imam of Al-Azhar University, who was wounded in his eye during the protests and An anti-government protester in Tahrir Square. The placard reads "Leave leave and rest assured, the chaos will leave with you, leave leave.".

| image1 = Azharite in Tahrir.jpg

| image2 = Protester on pavement in Tahrir.jpg

}}

Hundreds of thousands of protesters camped out in Tahrir Square where a symbolic funeral procession was held for Ahmad Mohamed Mahmoud of Al-Ta'awun. Protesters demanded that an investigation be carried out into the cause of his death.{{cite web |author=Laila Al-Arian |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/anger-in-egypt/2011/02/201126201341479784.html |title=Killed in the line of duty — Anger in Egypt |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121102043/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/anger-in-egypt/2011/02/201126201341479784.html |archive-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=live}} State-owned Al-Ahram, declared its support for the protesters and stopped supporting the government.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/8309469/Egypt-crisis-Hosni-Mubarak-loses-control-of-state-media.html |title=Egypt crisis: Hosni Mubarak loses control of state media |newspaper=The Telegraph|date=7 February 2011 |access-date=8 February 2011 |location=London |first=Adrian |last=Blomfield |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207193904/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/8309469/Egypt-crisis-Hosni-Mubarak-loses-control-of-state-media.html |archive-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

At least 70 people were wounded when hundreds of residents attacked the police station in Khargah to demand the ouster of a police official who had a reputation for heavy-handedness. Police then opened fire on the protesters.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110208/D9L8NDD03.html |title=Freed young leader energizes Egyptian protests |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225354/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110208/D9L8NDD03.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Authorities said that 11 people had been killed.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-7-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 7 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715013035/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-7-egypt-protests |archive-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=live}} The United Nations estimated deaths at more than 300.{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/08/egypt-documented-death-toll-protests-tops-300 |title=Egypt: Documented Death Toll From Protests Tops 300 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209073019/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/08/egypt-documented-death-toll-protests-tops-300 |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

Former minister of the interior Habib El-Adli faced prosecution in a military court for ordering police to fire at protesters and for{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-adli-idUSTRE7163D420110207 |title=Egypt's ex-police chief appears before prosecutors |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=8 February 2011 |first=Andrew |last=Hammond |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209102713/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/07/us-egypt-adli-idUSTRE7163D420110207 |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}} his role on 31 December 2010 bombing of al-Qiddissin Church in Alexandria.{{cite web|url=http://www.ikhwanweb.com/iweb/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27982:2011-02-08&catid=68|title=Former Interior Minister Habib El Adly Accused of Being Involved in Alex Qiddisin's Church Bombings|publisher=Ikhwan Web|date=7 February 2011|access-date=8 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102153413/http://www.ikhwanweb.com/iweb/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27982:2011-02-08&catid=68|archive-date=2 January 2012|url-status=live}} Minister of Antiquities Zahi Hawass announced that artifacts damaged by looters would be restored over the next five days. He said that steps were being taken to reopen Egypt's famed archaeological sites, which had been closed since pro-democracy protests started. Among the damaged objects was a statue of King Tutankhamun standing on a panther and a wooden sarcophagus from the New Kingdom period, dating to roughly 3,500 years ago. The museum, which is adjacent to the anti-government protests in downtown Cairo, was being guarded by the army. Finance Minister Samir Radwan announced a 15 per cent raise in pensions and salaries for government employees at a cost of {{EGP|6.5 billion|link=yes}} (US$960 million). This decision was made at the first Cabinet meeting since the protests began. One protester said that protests would not end soon despite the government's increasing concessions.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110207/D9L7VGTG1.html |title=Egypt approves 15 percent raise for govt employees |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225623/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110207/D9L7VGTG1.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} While banks had reopened, schools and the stock exchange remained closed. The Egyptian Stock Exchange said it would resume operation on 13 February.

Wael Ghonim, Google's head of Marketing for the Middle East and North Africa and the founder of the Facebook page that was said to have been influential in fomenting the protests, who had been in custody since 25 January, was reported to have been released.{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/google/status/34676106900541440 |title=Huge relief—Wael Ghonim has been released. Our love to him and his family. |via=Twitter |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209084913/http://twitter.com/google/status/34676106900541440 |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}} At 20:00, he posted on Twitter that "Freedom is a blessing that deserves fighting for it." (sic){{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/Ghonim/status/34673818375032832 |title=Freedom is a blessing that deserves fighting for it. |last=Ghonim |first=Wael |via=Twitter |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=7 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208082704/http://twitter.com/ghonim/status/34673818375032832 |archive-date=8 February 2011 |url-status=live}}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2020}} His release from custody and an emotional interview with Mona El-Shazly on DreamTV{{cite web|last=Mackey|first=Robert|date=2011-02-08|title=Subtitled Video of Wael Ghonim's Emotional TV Interview|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/subtitled-video-of-wael-ghonims-emotional-tv-interview/|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120141104/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/subtitled-video-of-wael-ghonims-emotional-tv-interview/|archive-date=20 January 2013|url-status=live}} "inject[ed] new vigor into [the] protest movement".{{cite news|last=Fahim|first=Kareem|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/09/world/middleeast/09ghonim.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Mona_El-Nagger&st=cse|title=Emotions of a Reluctant Hero Galvanize Protesters|work=The New York Times|access-date=5 March 2011|date=8 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612081833/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/09/world/middleeast/09ghonim.html?_r=3|url-status=live|archive-date=12 June 2022 }} Thousands of supporters joined a Facebook page created in his honour, "We authorise Wael Ghoneim to speak on behalf of the Egyptian revolution." He issued a statement reading:

{{blockquote|First of all my sincere condolences for all the Egyptians that lost their lives. I am really sorry for their loss, none of us wanted this. We were not destroying things.

We all wanted peaceful protests, and our slogan was no to vandalism.

Please don't turn me into a hero. I am not a hero, I am someone that was asleep for 12 days.

The real heroes are the ones that took to the streets, please focus your cameras on the right people.

I am ok. (sic) God willing we will change our country, and all the filth that was taking place in the country has to stop. Together we will clean this country.|Wael Ghonim{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/02/08/timeline-how-wael-ghonim-became-one-of-the-faces-of-egypts-uprising/ |title=Timeline: How Wael Ghonim became one of the faces of Egypt's uprising | Posted |work=National Post |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711084948/http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/02/08/timeline-how-wael-ghonim-became-one-of-the-faces-of-egypts-uprising/ |archive-date=11 July 2012 |url-status=live}}}}

File:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg

The earlier organizers called for a new protest in what was dubbed the "Day of Egypt's Love". ({{langx|ar|يوم حب مصر}}).{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/973ead8f-2379-4d3e-8e97-31a7aa1f8eab|script-title=ar:مظاهرات مليونية بمصر تصعّد الضغط|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=9 February 2011|language=ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515223556/http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/973ead8f-2379-4d3e-8e97-31a7aa1f8eab|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}

Over a million people gathered in and around Tahrir Square to demonstrate. At least 1,000 went to the parliament to demand Mubarak's resignation while others went to the Shura Council and the Council of Ministers. They later slept in front of those buildings, besides the usual camp in Tahrir Square. Hundreds of journalists gathered in the lobby of the state-owned newspaper Al-Ahram's headquarters to protest corruption and to call for greater freedom of the press.{{cite journal|journal=The New York Times|title=Protest in Egypt Takes a Turn as Workers Go on Strike|date=9 February 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/world/middleeast/10egypt.html|access-date=9 February 2011|first1=Kareem|last1=Fahim|first2=David D.|last2=Kirkpatrick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210083750/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/world/middleeast/10egypt.html|archive-date=10 February 2011|url-status=live}} A substantial protest took place in Alexandria,{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-8-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 8 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315172813/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-8-egypt-protests |archive-date=15 March 2013 |url-status=live}} while workers at the Suez Canal went on strike.{{cite web |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5231/Egypt/Politics-/Suez-Canal-workers-go-on-strike-.aspx |title=Five Suez Canal companies workers go on strike, no major disruptions witnessed yet – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208192638/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5231/Egypt/Politics-/Suez-Canal-workers-go-on-strike-.aspx |archive-date=8 February 2011 |url-status=live}} BBC correspondents reported that by the afternoon the protests had the highest turnout to date.{{cite news |author=Yolande Knell |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12394941 |title=Egypt protests: Hosni Mubarak's concessions rejected |publisher=BBC |date=8 February 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209050443/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12394941 |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

Ibrahim Yosri, a lawyer and former deputy foreign minister, drafted a petition, along with 20 other lawyers, asking the Prosecutor General Abdel Meguid Mahmoud to try Mubarak and his family for stealing state wealth. According to the state-owned Middle East News Agency, The newly appointed Mubarak's Interior Minister, Mahmoud Wagdy, issued an order releasing 34 political detainees, mostly members of the Muslim Brotherhood.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201128153142101446.html |title=Egypt 'frees political prisoners' |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=8 February 2011 |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125074218/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201128153142101446.html |archive-date=25 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

In a statement on Egyptian state television, Suleiman announced the formation of two independent committees for political and constitutional reforms, both starting work immediately. One committee would carry out constitutional and legislative amendments to enable a shift of power. The other would monitor the implementation of all proposed reforms. Suleiman also stressed that demonstrators would not be prosecuted and that a separate independent fact-finding committee would be established to probe the violence of 2 February.

{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201128123235508653.html |title=Protests swell at Tahrir Square |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=8 February 2011 |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116012123/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201128123235508653.html |archive-date=16 November 2011 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2011/02/massive-demonstrations-in-cairo-draw-thousands.html|title=Egypt's Military Leaders Dissolve Parliament, Suspend Constitution, New Strikes Begin|publisher=PBS|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227092824/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2011/02/massive-demonstrations-in-cairo-draw-thousands.html|archive-date=27 February 2011|url-status=dead}} He said that wider press freedoms were under consideration and that he would produce a list of what was needed to hold free elections.{{cite news |last=Namatalla |first=Ahmed A |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-08/suleiman-to-meet-media-chiefs-in-bid-to-show-egypt-moving-on-press-freedom.html |title=Egyptians Rally in Cairo as Suleiman Pledges Change |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=8 February 2011 |date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209102044/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-08/suleiman-to-meet-media-chiefs-in-bid-to-show-egypt-moving-on-press-freedom.html |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}} He also said that plans were underway to organize a peaceful transfer of power. Suleiman reiterated his view that Egypt was not ready for democracy, while warning of a possible coup d'état unless demonstrators agreed to enter negotiations.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110209/D9L9A7UO0.html |title=Egypt protesters defy VP warnings they must stop |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204032603/http://apnews.myway.com/article/20110209/D9L9A7UO0.html |archive-date=4 February 2013 |url-status=live}}

{{multiple image

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| footer = From left to right: Tahrir Square during the evening of 9 February and a sign on the Parliament building in Cairo on 9 February, reading "Closed until the fall of the regime".

| image1 = Tahrir Square - February 9, 2011.png

| image2 = The Egyptian parliament building during 9 February (Closed).jpg

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Some protesters moved from Tahrir Square to the area outside the parliament buildings, while demanding the assembly's immediate dissolution. The demonstrators put up a sign that said: "Closed until the fall of the regime". Cabinet offices in Cairo were evacuated after anti-government protesters gathered outside the building. Meanwhile, labour unions across the country, and particularly in Alexandria, Cairo and Suez, staged general strikes, demanding higher wages and better treatment. The strikers were said to number around 20,000 workers.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112913546831171.html |title=Workers boost Egypt protests – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110174320/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112913546831171.html |archive-date=10 November 2011 |url-status=live}} Violent clashes were reported in Wadi al-Jadid, where police stations and the NDP party building were destroyed, and several deaths and hundreds of injuries also occurred. Protesters in Port Said burnt down the governor's office in response to his reluctance to provide enough housing for the city's residents.{{cite news |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/residents-set-port-said-governorate-hq-alight |title=Residents set Port Said Governorate HQ alight | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt |newspaper=Al-Masry Al-Youm |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426204357/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/residents-set-port-said-governorate-hq-alight |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=live}} Clashes were said to have killed three people and wounded hundreds more in the past two days.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201129181744289932.html |title=Egyptians mourn uprising dead |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=2011-02-10 |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220160120/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201129181744289932.html |archive-date=20 December 2011 |url-status=live}}

Egyptians living outside the country returned to join the anti-government demonstrations. An Internet campaign sought to mobilise thousands of expatriates to return home and support the uprising.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201129103224329921.html |title=Egypt protesters gain ground |date=9 February 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216071326/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201129103224329921.html |archive-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=live}}

The government followed up on a prisoner amnesty from the previous day, releasing 1,000 more prisoners who had served three-quarters of their sentence; 840 more were released from Sinai province. The Muslim Brotherhood continued to demand for Mubarak's resignation.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-9-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 9 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911120028/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-9-egypt-protests |archive-date=11 September 2015 |url-status=live}} The offices of state-owned Channel 5 in Alexandria were shut down and evacuated under the order of its chief amid mounting pressure by protesters.{{cite web |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5311/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Channel--broadcast-cut-as-army-surrounds-HQ.aspx |title=Egypt's Channel 5 broadcast cut as army surrounds HQ – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212181814/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5311/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Channel--broadcast-cut-as-army-surrounds-HQ.aspx |archive-date=12 February 2011 |url-status=live}} The government warned of a military crackdown amid ongoing protests.{{cite web |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle09.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2011/February/middleeast_February275.xml§ion=middleeast |title=Egypt regime warns of crackdown as revolt spreads |publisher=Khaleejtimes.com |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211003138/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle09.asp?xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2011%2FFebruary%2Fmiddleeast_February275.xml§ion=middleeast |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit rejected US calls to repeal the emergency law and also accused the US of trying to impose its will on the Egyptian government.{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112919546727393.html |title=Egypt rejects US advice on reforms – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112173608/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/20112919546727393.html |archive-date=12 November 2011 |url-status=live}} The newly appointed Mubarak's Culture Minister Gaber Asfour resigned after one week in office, citing health problems.{{cite news |last=Weaver |first=Matthew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/09/egypt-protests-live-updates-9-february |title=Egypt protests – Wednesday 9 February | guardian.co.uk |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=9 February 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921052143/http://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2011/feb/09/egypt-protests-live-updates-9-february |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live}}

File:Tahrir Square - February 10, 2011.png on 10 February 2011 after Hosni Mubarak's speech saying that they'll go to his palace the day after.]]

The protests continued at Tahrir Square and the parliament building. 3,000 lawyers marched from the lawyers' syndicate in downtown Cairo to Abdeen Palace, one of Mubarak's official residences. About a thousand physicians, dressed in white coats, also arrived at Tahrir Square to applause.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-10-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 10 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205194839/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-10-egypt-protests |archive-date=5 February 2015 |url-status=live}} Strikes at national industries, including tourism and transportation, continued and spread to Alexandria, Mahalla and Port Said.{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/protests-strikes-spread-as-egypts-regime-stiffens-115706904/134792.html|title=Protests, Strikes Spread as Egypt's Regime Stiffens|publisher=Voice of America|date=10 February 2011|access-date=10 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016050500/http://www.voanews.com/content/protests-strikes-spread-as-egypts-regime-stiffens-115706904/134792.html|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=live}} Protesters around Egypt, expecting Mubarak's resignation, were described as euphoric, while singing and waving Egyptian flags.{{cite news|author=Sarah El Deeb |url=https://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/feb/10/expecting-mubarak-to-go-protest-camp-euphoric/ |title=Expecting Mubarak to go, protest camp euphoric |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=10 February 2011 |access-date=5 June 2011}} Fighter aircraft were heard above the Tahrir Square at 20:00 amid calls for the "destruction of the regime." In Alexandria, over 1,000 "diehard" protesters were reported by the train station.

Prior to Mubarak's speech, contradictory reports from various media sources around the world stated that either Suleiman or Tantawi was expected to take over.[http://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000622357 מצרים בדרך למשטר צבאי? מובארק צפוי להתפטר הערב] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005001953/http://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000622357 |date=5 October 2012 }}, Israel's Globes newspaper, 2 February 2011{{cite news |last=Fam |first=Mariam |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-10/mubarak-may-resign-before-september-egyptian-ruling-party-official-says.html |title=Egypt's President Mubarak May Step Down as Army Meets |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=11 February 2011 |date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211072934/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-10/mubarak-may-resign-before-september-egyptian-ruling-party-official-says.html |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=live}} The military council also met without Mubarak. The Muslim Brotherhood had feared a coup at one point. The head of the NDP said that Mubarak should go for the good of the country.

Al Hurra TV reported that Mubarak was planning to hand authority to the Egyptian army.{{in lang|he}} Ehud Yaari, Israeli News Company, Channel 2 (Israel) [http://www.mako.co.il/news-world/arab/Article-a084cdc90101e21004.htm מובארק יעביר את סמכויותיו לצבא] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309171830/http://www.mako.co.il/news-world/arab/Article-a084cdc90101e21004.htm |date=9 March 2012 }} General Hassan al-Roueini, the military commander for the Cairo area, told protesters in Tahrir Square, "All your demands will be met today."{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA0CHO0.html |title=Military says Mubarak will meet protesters demands |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225632/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA0CHO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} State TV added that Mubarak would speak that night from his Cairo palace. This came after Egypt's military proclaimed on television that they had stepped in to "safeguard the country". The Associated Press suggested a military coup might be occurring. State TV showed Defence Minister Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi meeting with two dozen top army officers. Mubarak and Suleiman were not present.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA1S980.html |title=Mubarak meets with VP, protesters flood square |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225642/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA1S980.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}}

{{quotebox|... I thought I would delegate powers to the vice president, according to the constitution ...|source=—Hosni Mubarak{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/10/egypt.mubarak.statement/|title=Full text of Mubarak's speech|publisher=CNN|date=10 February 2011|access-date=10 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211192806/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/10/egypt.mubarak.statement/|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=dead}}||width = 40%}}

However, information minister Anas el-Fiqqi, denied that Mubarak would resign.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA2IBO0.html |title=Egyptian minister denies Mubarak will step down |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225645/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA2IBO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq said, "everything is in the hands of President Hosni Mubarak and no decisions have been taken yet."{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA2SHO3.html |title=Egypt army takes charge, Mubarak to address nation |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225708/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA2SHO3.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Al Arabiya television, citing "trusted sources" just minutes before Mubarak was to speak, said he would transfer his powers to his vice president.{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Edmund |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-idUSTRE70O3UW20110210 |title=Mubarak to announce handover in speech: TV |work=Reuters |date=10 February 2011 |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211072828/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/10/us-egypt-idUSTRE70O3UW20110210 |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

In his television statement, Mubarak said that he would penalise those responsible for the violence and had a clear vision on how to end the crisis, but was satisfied with what he had offered. He stated that while remaining president to the end of his term in September he would transfer his powers to the vice-president.{{cite news |last=Shahine |first=Alaa |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-10/mubarak-ignores-calls-for-ouster-delegates-authority-to-egypt-s-suleiman.html |title=Mubarak Defiance of Ouster Calls Angers Protesters |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=11 February 2011 |date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211073022/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-10/mubarak-ignores-calls-for-ouster-delegates-authority-to-egypt-s-suleiman.html |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=live}} As far as transfer of power was concerned, Mubarak said "I have seen that it is required to delegate the powers and authorities of the president to the vice president as dictated in the constitution,". The constitutional article was used to transfer powers if the president was "temporarily" unable to carry out his duties and did not require his resignation. He also said he would request six constitutional amendments and that he would lift emergency laws when security in the country permitted. Mubarak said he would stay in the country and was "adamant to continue to shoulder my responsibility to protect the constitution and safeguard the interests of the people ... until power is handed over to those elected in September by the people in free and fair elections in which all the guarantees of transparencies will be secured."

Protesters watched in stunned silence or in anger to his speech, some crying or waving their shoes in the air. People in Tahrir Square chanted "Leave! Leave! Leave!" after Mubarak's speech. Suleiman called on the protesters to go home.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA5RQO0.html |title=Egypt's Mubarak transfers power to vice president |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225753/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA5RQO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Protesters then moved to the state television and radio buildings. Soon after the television announcement, a large number of protesters began to march towards the presidential palace.{{cite web |author=|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/10/egypt.protests/ |title=Mubarak's refusal to step down enrages protesters |publisher=CNN |date=11 February 2011 |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724223738/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/10/egypt.protests/ |archive-date=24 July 2013 |url-status=dead}} ElBaradei said, "Egypt will explode" because Mubarak refused to step down and called on the military to intervene.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA71380.html |title=ElBaradei calls on Egyptian army to intervene |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225757/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110210/D9LA71380.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}}

Mubarak's top aides, family and son Gamal told him he could ride out the turmoil, which convinced him to cling to power.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110212/D9LBGH2O0.html |title=Mubarak's final hours: Desperate bids to stay |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=13 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714145907/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110212/D9LBGH2O0.html |archive-date=14 July 2011 |url-status=live}} It was also reported that one son, Alaa, accused his younger brother Gamal of ruining their father's reputation.{{cite web |last=Sabel |first=Robbie |url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=208106 |title='Mubarak's sons nearly come to blows during speech' |work=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 February 2011 |access-date=20 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217130839/http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=208106 |archive-date=17 February 2011 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-mubarak-sons-idUSTRE71C26L20110213 |title=Sons of Egypt's Mubarak nearly came to blows: report |date=13 February 2011 |access-date=8 April 2011 |work=Reuters |first=Andrew |last=Hammond |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319201532/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/13/us-egypt-mubarak-sons-idUSTRE71C26L20110213 |archive-date=19 March 2011 |url-status=live}}. Reuters. Retrieved 8 April 2011. Eyewitnesses said that the Egyptian army had pulled out troops from many locations near the presidential palace.{{cite web |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/witnesses-egyptian-army-withdraws-positions-near-presidential-palace |title=Witnesses: Egyptian army withdraws from positions near presidential palace |date=10 February 2011 |publisher=Almasryalyoum.com |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410223827/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/witnesses-egyptian-army-withdraws-positions-near-presidential-palace |archive-date=10 April 2012 |url-status=live}}

File:Celebratory protesters.jpg

File:Protesters with soldier.jpg

Shock that Mubarak did not step down resulted in a nationwide escalation of protests on 11 February, named again as the "Friday of Departure" by the opposition movement.{{cite news |last1=Schemm |first1=Paul |last2=Michael |first2=Maggie |agency=Associated Press |date=5 February 2011 |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/feb/11/mubarak-leaves-cairo-for-sinai-as-protests-spread/ |title=Mubarak leaves Cairo for Sinai as protests spread |publisher=SignOnSanDiego.com |access-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121124853/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/feb/11/mubarak-leaves-cairo-for-sinai-as-protests-spread/ |archive-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite news|publisher=Al Jazeera|title=Egypt's army vows smooth transition|date=12 February 2011|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121217639448807.html|access-date=13 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220171348/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121217639448807.html|archive-date=20 December 2011|url-status=live}} Massive protests continued in Cairo, Alexandria, and other cities. The presidential palace and parliament remained surrounded by protesters and thousands of people surrounded the state TV building, keeping anyone from entering or leaving. The army issued a communiqué supporting Mubarak's attempt to remain de jure president.{{cite news|title=Egyptian army backs Hosni Mubarak and calls for protesters to go home|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/11/egyptian-army-backs-hosni-mubarak|first=Paul|last=Owen|date=2011-02-11|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063813/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/11/egyptian-army-backs-hosni-mubarak|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=live}} Hossam Badrawi, the new secretary of the NDP, resigned from unhappiness with Mubarak's refusal to leave.[http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/11/latest-updates-on-day-18-of-egypt-protests/?hp "Latest Updates on Day 18 of Egypt Protests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412100053/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/11/latest-updates-on-day-18-of-egypt-protests/?hp |date=12 April 2013 }} by Robert Mackey – The New York Times. Retrieved 11 February 2011.

Demonstrators began to gather at new locations in Cairo. The army surrounded the presidential palace and state television and radio buildings{{cite web |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-11-egypt-protests |title=Live Blog Feb 11 – Egypt Protests |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208095235/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/middle-east/live-blog-feb-11-egypt-protests |archive-date=8 December 2013 |url-status=live}} as protesters surrounded the Egyptian radio and television union building demanding fair media coverage. State television shifted its attitude towards the protesters and begun referring to them as Jan25 Youth, admitting mistakes had been made in the media coverage of the protests: "We [the state TV] were under an information chaos," the news anchor stated. "We had strict orders from external sides."{{cite web |author=Lindsay Carroll |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/587341/egypts-joy-after-mubaraks-step-down |title=Egypt's Joy after Mubarak's Step Down | Demotix.com |publisher=Demotiximages.com |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214223727/http://www.demotix.com/news/587341/egypts-joy-after-mubaraks-step-down |archive-date=14 February 2011 |url-status=live}} Major protests occurred in Alexandria and Mansoura. In Arish, in north Sinai, the second police station in 24 hours came under heavy arms fire—including RPGs—in which at least one protester was killed and 20 injured, with possibly more police fatalities.

{{quote box |quote = In the name of God the merciful, the compassionate. Citizens, during these very difficult circumstances Egypt is going through, President Hosni Mubarak has decided to step down from the office of president of the republic and has charged the high council of the armed forces to administer the affairs of the country. May God help everybody.{{cite web |url=http://mondoweiss.net/2011/02/mubarak-resigns-and-hands-power-to-military-as-egyptians-hit-the-streets-on-farewell-friday.html |title=Mubarak is out! Hands power to military as Egyptians hit the streets on 'Farewell Friday' |publisher=Mondoweiss.net |date=11 February 2011 |access-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509001826/http://mondoweiss.net/2011/02/mubarak-resigns-and-hands-power-to-military-as-egyptians-hit-the-streets-on-farewell-friday.html |archive-date=9 May 2011 |url-status=live}}}}

{{quote box |quote = The people of Egypt have spoken, their voices have been heard, and Egypt will never be the same.{{Cite news|title=Obama: Egypt Will Never Be The Same|last=Klein|first=Kent|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/obama-egypt-will-never-be-the-same-115965119/134916.html|date=11 February 2011|access-date=12 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016050520/http://www.voanews.com/content/obama-egypt-will-never-be-the-same-115965119/134916.html|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=live}}|source=—Barack Obama, United States president}}

As the protesters started marching onto the Presidential Palace in the morning, Mubarak and his family reportedly left the Palace by helicopter which took them to the nearby Almaza Airbase, where they boarded the Presidential jet and headed to Sharm el-Sheikh.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110211/D9LAK12O0.html |title=Egypt's Mubarak in Red Sea resort as protests rage |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225158/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110211/D9LAK12O0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Former Finance Minister Youssef Boutros Ghali fled to Beirut.{{cite web |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5408/Egypt/Politics-/Youssef-Boutros-Ghali-leaves-Egypt.aspx |title=Youssef Boutros Ghali leaves Egypt – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214185932/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/5408/Egypt/Politics-/Youssef-Boutros-Ghali-leaves-Egypt.aspx |archive-date=14 February 2011 |url-status=live}}

Vice President Omar Suleiman announced after 18:00 Cairo local time (GMT +2) on 11 February that the presidency had been vacated and the army council would run the country: Mubarak's resignation was followed by nationwide celebrations. ElBaradei told the Associated Press "This is the greatest day of my life. The country has been liberated after decades of repression," and he expected a "beautiful" transition of power.{{cite web |url=http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110211/D9LAM4LO0.html |title=Mubarak resigns, hands power to military |publisher=Apnews.myway.com |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310225203/http://apnews.myway.com//article/20110211/D9LAM4LO0.html |archive-date=10 March 2012 |url-status=live}} Mohammed ElBaradei said that "Egypt is free."{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/elbaradei/status/36123421939073024 |title=Egypt Today is a free and proud nation. God bless |via=Twitter |date=11 February 2011 |access-date=11 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211224846/http://twitter.com/ElBaradei/status/36123421939073024 |archive-date=11 February 2011 |url-status=live}}{{Primary source inline|date=August 2020}} Various media outlets pointed out that this date was also the anniversary of the Iranian Revolution, which occurred on 11 February 1979.{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/news/iran-congratulates-egyptian-people-s-victory-news-international-lcmcacigiid.html |title=Iran congratulates Egyptian people's 'victory' |website=Sify |access-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213095008/http://www.sify.com/news/iran-congratulates-egyptian-people-s-victory-news-international-lcmcacigiid.html |archive-date=13 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}

An exchange-traded fund based on the Egyptian stock market listed at the NYSE Euronext increased by 5% following the announcement. Egyptian five-year credit default swaps fell by 0.25%. Al Arabiya reported that the military council said it would sack the cabinet and dissolve parliament, although they only did the latter. Celebrations and car honking were reported in Alexandria and Cairo. Celebratory gunfire in Gaza.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mubarak-exit-sets-off-celebrations-across-mideast/ |title=Mubarak Exit Sets Off Celebrations Across Mideast |publisher=CBS News |date=11 February 2011 |access-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104045356/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/02/12/ap/world/main7342637.shtml |archive-date=4 November 2012 |url-status=live}}

CBS correspondent Lara Logan was covering the jubilation in Tahrir Square when she suffered a brutal and sustained sexual assault and beating before being saved by a group of women and an estimated 20 Egyptian soldiers.{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Stelter|author-link=Brian Stelter|date=April 28, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/media/29logan.html|title=CBS Reporter Recounts a 'Merciless' Assault|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=22 February 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201134336/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/media/29logan.html?scp=2&sq=Lara+Logan&st=nyt|url-status=live}}

{{Clear}}

{{Wikiquote|2011 Egyptian protests}}

; External media

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PujwO_iY5BU Friday of Anger in Qasr el-Nil Street] via Almasry Alyoum on YouTube (Taking during Friday of Anger)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAaTt-ekDw4&sk=&bpctr=1360081092 A large car runs over protesters in Cairo] via Al Arabiya on YouTube (Taking during Friday of Anger)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHRHcLWmk0Y A police car runs over protesters in Cairo] via Al Arabiya on YouTube (Taking during Friday of Anger)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkTWs7ii124 Egyptian protester shot dead in Alexandria] via Al Arabiya on YouTube (Taking during Friday of Anger)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XnhHzs91MY Raw Video: Man Shot in Egypt Protest] via Associated Press on YouTube (Taking during Friday of Anger)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMbAx_fYVcs Scenes of clashes in Tahrir Square] via Aljazeera English on YouTube (Taking during Camel Battle)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcjJsg8AD2g Raw Video: Dramatic New Images of Cairo Violence] via Associated Press on YouTube (Taking during Camel Battle)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXwKqmDmuDs Camels & horses storm into Tahrir Square as protesters clash in Cairo] via Russia Today on YouTube (Taking during Camel Battle)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqydgpyVNKY&bpctr=1359927435&bpctr=1360081090 Wednesday night intense battle] via Aljazeera English on YouTube (Taking during Camel Battle)

{{Reflist}}

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{{Egyptian Revolution of 2011}}

{{Arab Spring}}

{{Egypt Protests and Revolutions}}

{{Egypt topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2011 Egyptian Revolution}}

Timeline

Egypt

Category:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)

Category:Articles containing video clips