UNESCO Global Geoparks
{{Short description|Geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council}}
{{Infobox park
| name =
| alt_name =
| image = Global Geoparks Network logo.jpg
| image_size = 272
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Logos of the GGN
| qid =
| map_image = Global Geoparks Network members.jpg
| map_alt =
| map_width = 272
| mapframe_zoom =
| mapframe_width =
| mapframe_height =
| mapframe_marker =
| mapframe_marker_color =
| mapframe_lat =
| mapframe_long =
| map_caption = World map of geoparks included in the
UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (GGN) as of 2020 {{Update inline span|?=yes|date=August 2022}}
| etymology = Brand name for marketing the parks
| owner =
| administrator = various models
| manager = various models
| camp_sites = Defined by park
| hiking_trails = Defined by park
| paths =
| terrain = Sites and habitats of geological interest
| habitat = Typically natural features of the Earth
| water = Possibly
| plants = Possibly
| vegetation = Possibly
| species = Possibly
| collections = Possibly
| designation = UNESCO designations of national, regional, and global geoparks
| disturbance =
| budget = Sustainable
| parking = Possibly
| publictransit = Possibly
| transport = Possibly
| free_label =
| free_data =
| other_info =
| facilities = Possibly
| website = Typically
| embedded =
| child =
}}
UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO){{cite web | title=UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) | website=UNESCO | url=https://en.unesco.org/global-geoparks | access-date=28 August 2022}} that administers the network.
The agency was founded in 2004 in partnership with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The network was set up to conserve Earth's geological heritage, as well as to promote the sustainable research and development by the concerned communities. To implement these goals they adopted the concept of geopark, a term that had already been in use for one of the proposed parks. Geoparks were conceived as "single, unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development."
As the geopark did not naturally conform to all those requirements, compliance involved considerable work of the country where the geopark was to be located. In essence, the park had to be not only protected, but marketed sustainably to the public. In 2015, the Member States of UNESCO ratified the rebranding to the current name.
Since 2015, the application and designation process has been defined by the Statutes and Operational Guidelines of the UGGp.{{cite web |title=Statutes and Operational Guidelines of the UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260675.page=4 |publisher=UNESCO Global Geoparks |access-date=7 January 2020}} As of April 2023, there were 195 UGGp's in 48 countries.{{Cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=UNESCO names 18 new Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-names-18-new-global-geoparks |website=UNESCO}} There are now GGN member sites situated in five of seven continents, there being none currently in either Antarctica or Australasia. There are not yet (2022) global geoparks in the United States. China is the country with the largest number of global geoparks.{{Attribution needed|date=August 2022}}
Creation of the global network
The Global Geoparks Network (GGN) (also known as the Global Network of National Geoparks) is UNESCO assisted network established in 1998. Managed under the body's Ecological and Earth Sciences Division, the GGN seeks the promotion and conservation of the planet's geological heritage, as well as encourages the sustainable research and development by the concerned communities.[http://www.unesco.org/science/earth UNESCO Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences][http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001500/150007e.pdf Global Geoparks Network][http://www.unesco.org/science/earth/doc/geopark/2008guidelinesJuneendorsed.pdf Application Guidelines and Self-Evaluation form for Membership in the Global Geoparks Network] Since 2015, its members are officially designated as UNESCO Global Geoparks.
The first batch of members to the GGN were announced during the first International Conference on Geoparks in 2004.
Geopark admission to the global network
The international network seeks the membership geoparks—geographical areas where geological heritage is the focus of local protection, education and development.
A set of criteria as established by UNESCO must first be met for a geopark, as nominated by the corresponding government, to be included in the GGN:
- the existence of a management plan designed to foster socio-economic development that is sustainable (most likely to be based on agritourism and geotourism);
- demonstrate methods for conserving and enhancing geological heritage and provide means for teaching geoscientific disciplines and broader environmental issues;
- joint-proposals submitted by public authorities, local communities and private interests acting together, which demonstrate the best practices with respect to Earth heritage conservation and its integration into sustainable development strategies. One such initiative is GEOfood, originally developed in Norway but now promoting local produce in global geoparks worldwide.{{cite web| url=https://geofood.no/|title=GEOfood: Geoparks, People, Nature and Food|access-date=3 March 2023}}
Criteria satisfaction is evaluated during biennial meetings (every even year) by the Geoparks Committee, known as the International Conference on Geoparks, which is also in charge with the periodic review of projects related to geological awareness. The first members of the GGN were named during the first conference in 2004, and it has continued to grow since then: {{Update inline span|?=yes|date=August 2022}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" |
| Session
! Year ! Site ! Date |
|---|
| align="center"| 1st
|align="center"| 2004 | 27 June –7 July |
| align="center"| 2nd
|align="center"| 2006 | 17–21 September |
| align="center"| 3rd
|align="center"| 2008 | 22–26 June |
| align="center"| 4th
|align="center"| 2010 | 12–16 April |
| align="center"| 5th
|align="center"| 2012 | Unzen Volcanic Area Geopark (Shimabara, Japan) | 12–15 May |
| align="center"|6th
|align="center"|2014 | Stonehammer Geopark (Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada) | 19–22 September |
| align="center"|7th
|align="center"|2016 | English Riviera Geopark (Torquay, Devon, England) | 24–30 September |
| align="center"|8th
|align="center"|2018 | Adamello Brenta UNESCO Global Geopark (Madonna di Campiglio, Trentino, Italy) | 11–14 September |
| align="center"|9th
|align="center"|2020 | Jeju Island UNESCO Global Geopark, Republic of Korea (did not take place due to Covid) |
The GGN works closely with another project under UNESCO's Ecological and Earth Sciences Division—the Man and Biosphere (MAB) World Network of Biosphere Reserves—to come up with and establish different means of sustainable development in promoting the local communities’ relationship with the natural environment.
Structure by continent and UNESCO region
The following table contains the detailed articles on the UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGG) and further international recognition frameworks of the geoheritage of each continents and their representative regional geopark networks. {{Update inline span|?=yes|date=August 2022}}
| class="wikitable"
|+ !List of UGGs by continent !UNESCO region !Regional geopark network !Number of UGGs in the network !Number of countries in the network |
| rowspan="2" |Africa
| rowspan="2" |African Geoparks Network | rowspan="2" |2 | rowspan="2" |2 |
| rowspan="2" |Asia |
| Asia
| rowspan="3" |Asia Pacific Geoparks Network | rowspan="3" |57 | rowspan="3" |8 |
| rowspan="2" |Oceania |
| Oceania |
| Europe
| rowspan="2" |Europe and North America |75 |26 |
| North America
|— |3 |1 |
| Central America
| rowspan="2" |Latin America and the Caribbean | rowspan="2" |Latin America and the Caribbean Geoparks Network | rowspan="2" |8 | rowspan="2" |6 |
| South America |
=Africa=
{{excerpt|African Geoparks Network}}
=Asia Pacific=
{{excerpt|Asia Pacific Geoparks Network}}
=Europe=
{{excerpt|List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Europe}}
=North America=
{{excerpt|List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in North America}}
=Latin America and the Caribbean=
{{excerpt|Latin America and the Caribbean Geoparks Network}}
= Continent and UNESCO-Region Notes =
{{notelist}}
Geopark list by country and continent
Many of the names in the list below{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalgeopark.org/aboutGGN/list/index.htm|title = 404 Page Error-Global Network of National Geoparks}} appear in slightly different forms in different documents or webpages, particularly where they have been anglicised. Dates of accession to network, where not otherwise referenced are taken from UNESCO website.{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth-sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/list-of-unesco-global-geoparks/|title = List of Geoparks & Regional Networks|date = 20 January 2021}}{{Update inline span|?=yes|date=August 2022}}
{{sticky header}}
Note * Kula Volcanic Geopark designated in 2013 was extended and renamed as Kula Salihli in 2020
Geoparks no longer in the GGN
Whilst the length of the list has grown year on year, some members drop out from time to time, either by choice or by failing the network's revalidation procedures.
UNESCO Global Geoparks are given this designation for a period of four years after which the functioning and quality of each UNESCO Global Geopark is thoroughly re-examined during a revalidation process.{{cite web |title=Revalidation Process of UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth-sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/frequently-asked-questions/once-a-unesco-global-geopark-always-a-unesco-global-geopark/ |website=UNESCO |access-date=7 January 2020}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;" |
| Country/Territory
! Continent ! Geopark{{ref|1|[A]}} ! Year included ! Ceased |
|---|
| United Kingdom
| Europe | Lochaber |align="center"| 2007 |align="center"| 2011[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-15773368 Lochaber loses Unesco geopark status], BBC News, 17 November 2011 |
| Germany
| Europe | Mecklenburg Ice Age Landscape |align="center"| 2005 |align="center"| ? |
| Australia
| Australasia |align="center"| 2008 |align="center"| |
| Austria
| Europe |align="center"| 2012 |
Notes
{{refbegin}}
{{note|1}}A. Names and spellings used for the elements were based on the official list as https://youtube.com/@CityofSydney?feature=shared.
{{refend}}
References
External links
{{Commons category|UNESCO Global Geoparks}}
{{Wikivoyage|UNESCO Global Geoparks Network}}
- [https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks/about UNESCO Global Geoparks on UNESCO site]
- [http://globalgeoparksnetwork.org/ GGN official site]
{{UNESCO Global Geoparks}}