Uberaba

File:Rua do comercio 1930.jpg

The history of Uberaba traces its origins back to 1810, when Captain Major Eustaquio founded a settlement near the ancient Anhanguera route, which was more commonly referred to back then as the "Goyazes road". This settlement served as a resting point for both locals and travelers who passed through or arrived there during the 19th century. Its strategic location and function as a crossroads prompted local farmers to engage in crop cultivation and cattle domestication for commercial purposes, leading to the establishment of a robust livestock network in the region.{{Cite web |title=Urban land: the relationship between religious and public institutions in the control over the land heritage for founding the city of Buritizal / SP |url=https://cadernos.proarq.fau.ufrj.br/public/docs/Proarq18_UrbanLand_IvoneJunior.pdf}}

Initially a part of the Captaincy of Goias, the territory of Uberaba was incorporated into the Captaincy of Minas Gerais in 1816. It gained recognition as a parish in 1820 and was officially designated as a city in 1856.{{Cite web |title=IFTM {{!}} Congresso de Internacionalização e Educação Profissional e Tecnológica |url=http://www.iftm.edu.br/coninterept/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=www.iftm.edu.br |language=pt-br}}

In 1889, the inaugural railway station was established due to the expansion of the Mogiana Railway from the neighboring municipality of Sacramento. The introduction of the railway system boosted the economy of Uberaba in the subsequent years.{{Cite web |title=THE TRAMWAYS OF SACRAMENTO |url=http://tramz.com/br/sa/sa.html |access-date=17 March 2022 |website=tramz.com}}

Currently, Uberaba is known for its lively livestock and agribusiness events. As an industrial hub, the city functions as a regional center for culture, commerce, and entertainment, hosting a diverse array of institutions, markets, and entertainment venues.{{Cite journal |last1=Santana |first1=M. L. |last2=Pereira |first2=R. J. |last3=Bignardi |first3=A. B. |last4=Filho |first4=A. E. Vercesi |last5=Menéndez-Buxadera |first5=A. |last6=El Faro |first6=L. |date=1 December 2015 |title=Detrimental effect of selection for milk yield on genetic tolerance to heat stress in purebred Zebu cattle: Genetic parameters and trends |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |language=en |volume=98 |issue=12 |pages=9035–9043 |doi=10.3168/jds.2015-9817 |issn=0022-0302 |pmid=26476953 |doi-access=free}}

The municipality includes the rural district of Peirópolis, known for its paleontological site. This area features the Paleontological Research Center Llewellyn Ivor Price and a museum dedicated to local fossil discoveries.

On 27 March 2024, Uberaba gained recognition from UNESCO as a global geopark.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=UNESCO names 18 new Geoparks {{!}} UNESCO |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-names-18-new-geoparks |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401025255/https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-names-18-new-geoparks |archive-date=1 April 2024 }}

Uberaba has a Tropical climate (Aw) with an average annual temperature of 21.9 °C (71.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded was 40.2 °C (105.2 °F) in October, while the lowest recorded temperature was −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) in July.

Precipitation occurs on an average of 86 days per year, with the highest amount in December and the lowest in July.{{Cite web |title=Uberaba Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Brazil) – Weather Spark |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/brazil/uberaba |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| collapsed = yes

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Uberaba (1991–2020)

| Jan high C = 30.0

| Feb high C = 30.6

| Mar high C = 30.3

| Apr high C = 30.0

| May high C = 28.0

| Jun high C = 27.5

| Jul high C = 28.0

| Aug high C = 30.1

| Sep high C = 31.4

| Oct high C = 31.8

| Nov high C = 30.3

| Dec high C = 30.1

| year high C = 29.8

| Jan mean C = 23.8

| Feb mean C = 23.9

| Mar mean C = 23.6

| Apr mean C = 22.6

| May mean C = 20.0

| Jun mean C = 19.0

| Jul mean C = 19.1

| Aug mean C = 21.1

| Sep mean C = 23.2

| Oct mean C = 24.2

| Nov mean C = 23.8

| Dec mean C = 23.8

| year mean C = 22.3

| Jan low C = 19.6

| Feb low C = 19.3

| Mar low C = 19.2

| Apr low C = 17.5

| May low C = 14.3

| Jun low C = 13.1

| Jul low C = 12.8

| Aug low C = 14.1

| Sep low C = 16.8

| Oct low C = 18.5

| Nov low C = 19.0

| Dec low C = 19.6

| year low C = 17.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 328.2

| Feb precipitation mm = 228.3

| Mar precipitation mm = 241.4

| Apr precipitation mm = 94.9

| May precipitation mm = 49.6

| Jun precipitation mm = 21.9

| Jul precipitation mm = 9.6

| Aug precipitation mm = 14.6

| Sep precipitation mm = 53.1

| Oct precipitation mm = 130.9

| Nov precipitation mm = 203.4

| Dec precipitation mm = 282.2

| year precipitation mm = 1658.1

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 18.3

| Feb precipitation days = 14.8

| Mar precipitation days = 16.1

| Apr precipitation days = 7.0

| May precipitation days = 3.6

| Jun precipitation days = 2.2

| Jul precipitation days = 1.1

| Aug precipitation days = 1.5

| Sep precipitation days = 5.3

| Oct precipitation days = 8.5

| Nov precipitation days = 13.1

| Dec precipitation days = 17.3

| year precipitation days = 108.8

| Jan humidity = 78.1

| Feb humidity = 76.4

| Mar humidity = 77.2

| Apr humidity = 72.5

| May humidity = 70.2

| Jun humidity = 67.1

| Jul humidity = 59.9

| Aug humidity = 50.8

| Sep humidity = 54.4

| Oct humidity = 61.4

| Nov humidity = 71.0

| Dec humidity = 76.6

| year humidity = 68.0

| Jan dew point C = 20.1

| Feb dew point C = 20.0

| Mar dew point C = 19.9

| Apr dew point C = 18.3

| May dew point C = 15.4

| Jun dew point C = 13.8

| Jul dew point C = 12.2

| Aug dew point C = 11.6

| Sep dew point C = 14.0

| Oct dew point C = 16.8

| Nov dew point C = 18.8

| Dec dew point C = 19.9

| year dew point C = 16.7

| Jan sun = 176.3

| Feb sun = 186.0

| Mar sun = 199.0

| Apr sun = 233.3

| May sun = 249.7

| Jun sun = 246.4

| Jul sun = 264.8

| Aug sun = 277.9

| Sep sun = 228.1

| Oct sun = 225.4

| Nov sun = 194.7

| Dec sun = 179.1

| year sun = 2660.7

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Brazil/CSV/UBERABA_83577.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Uberaba

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = February 1, 2024}}

}}

Uberaba is the primary municipality in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba.{{Cite web |title=Divisões Regionais do Brasil {{!}} IBGE |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/cartas-e-mapas/redes-geograficas/15778-divisoes-regionais-do-brasil.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=www.ibge.gov.br}}

In 2021, the Immediate Geographic Region of Uberaba comprised 10 municipalities spanning an area of 14,281.652 km² (5,514.17 sq mi).

File:78 ExpoZebu 2012 (7) (7198159706).jpg

Uberaba is an important grain producer in Minas Gerais, particularly known for corn, soybean, coffee, cotton, and sugarcane. The city is also recognized for hosting Expozebu, one of the largest cattle fairs in the world, held annually since 1935.{{Cite journal |last1=Iglesias |first1=Carlos |last2=Sesmero |first2=Juan P. |date=1 June 2015 |title=Economic Analysis of Supplementing Sugarcane with Corn for Ethanol Production in Brazil: A Case Study in Uberaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9551-4 |journal=BioEnergy Research |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=627–643 |doi=10.1007/s12155-014-9551-4 |bibcode=2015BioER...8..627I |issn=1939-1242 |s2cid=15362034|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |last=Intelligence |first=fDi |title=From zebu to tattoos, Uberaba's pioneering spirit lives on |url=https://www.fdiintelligence.com/article/72650 |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=www.fdiintelligence.com |date=16 August 2018 |language=en}} From 2019 to 2024, Uberaba secured positions among the top 100 Brazilian cities with the highest agricultural production value, ranking 30th by 2024 according to the 2023 report from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA).{{Cite web |title=The 100 Wealthiest Cities in Brazilian Agribusiness |url=https://exame.com/agro/as-100-cidades-mais-ricas-do-agronegocio-brasileiro-em-2023-saiba-quais/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=Exame |language=pt-br}}

The service sector employs slightly over half of the city's population, followed by the manufacturing industry, and agriculture ranking third. The industrial sector encompasses various fields such as agribusiness, food processing, textile manufacturing, steel production, mining, chemical manufacturing, electronic devices, home appliances, and more.{{Cite web |last=Intelligence |first=fDi |title=Uberaba thinks beyond the crop |url=https://www.fdiintelligence.com/article/72649 |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=www.fdiintelligence.com |date=16 August 2018 |language=en}}

The chemical manufacturing sector is concentrated in the local industrial park, with processing plants operated by chemical companies, including Mosaic, FMC Corporation, Sipcam Nichino (UPL), and Yara.{{Cite web |date=24 July 2019 |title=Acid Plant Database October 21, 2019 |url=http://www.sulphuric-acid.com/sulphuric-acid-on-the-web/acid%20plants/Vale-Fertilizantes-Uberaba.htm |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe |language=en-US}} In 2021, the city ranked 62nd among the 100 largest economies in Brazil, with a GDP of R$ 20.3 billion and a GDP per capita of R$ 59,943.{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Uberlândia termina ano entre as 30 cidades com maior PIB do Brasil {{!}} Triângulo Mineiro {{!}} G1 |url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/triangulo-mineiro/noticia/2023/12/31/uberlandia-termina-ano-entre-as-30-cidades-com-maior-pib-do-brasil.ghtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008050257/https://g1.globo.com/mg/triangulo-mineiro/noticia/2023/12/31/uberlandia-termina-ano-entre-as-30-cidades-com-maior-pib-do-brasil.ghtml |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=2024-10-08}}

In 2011, Petrobras selected Uberaba as the site for its UFN-5 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Unit 5), which was designed to connect to the Gasbol pipeline and produce 1,500 metric tons of ammonia daily.{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Mary |date=2014-05-07 |title=Toyo awarded contract for Petrobras ammonia plant |url=https://www.chemengonline.com/toyo-awarded-contract-for-petrobras-ammonia-plant/ |website=chemengonline.com}} Construction of UFN-5 began in 2014 as part of the PAC-2, but was suspended in 2015 at 30% completion due to Petrobras' financial crisis, influenced by Operation Car Wash, and the company's redirection of resources to pre-salt oil fields.{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-07-20 |title=Brazil Agrochemical Update 07/20 - Agrochemicals in Brazil |url=https://agribrasilis.com/2022/07/20/agrochemicals-in-brazil/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202190914/https://agribrasilis.com/2022/07/20/agrochemicals-in-brazil/ |archive-date=2024-12-02 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Agribrasilis - Inside Agribusiness |language=pt-BR}}{{Cite news |last=Pooler |first=Michael |date=2022-09-28 |title='It cannot be the madness that it is today': what's next for Petrobras? |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d379f8be-e61e-4e39-986c-f8d3bdbf8e75 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202190730/https://www.ft.com/content/d379f8be-e61e-4e39-986c-f8d3bdbf8e75 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=Financial Times}} After listing the site for sale without a successful auction, the Government of Minas Gerais transferred it back to Uberaba in 2021 under a 20-year lease. In 2022, Atlas Agro signed a letter of intent to establish a sustainable nitrogen fertilizer facility at the location.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Atlas Agro begins engineering on its green nitrogen fertilizer plant in Brazil — Fertilizer Daily |url=https://www.fertilizerdaily.com/20240315-atlas-agro-initiates-engineering-of-its-green-nitrogen-fertilizer-plant-in-brazil/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.fertilizerdaily.com |language=en-US}}

• Bananas: 28 hectares
• Coffee: 1,000 hectares
• Oranges: 1,410 hectares
• Tangerines: 168 hectares
• Cotton: 3,145 hectares
• Rice: 543 hectares
• Peanuts: 100 hectares
• Potatoes: 2,190 hectares
• Sugarcane: 36,000 hectares
• Onions: 450 hectares
• Beans: 1,450 hectares
• Cassava: 1,300 hectares
• Corn: 50,000 hectares
• Soybeans: 100,000 hectares
• Sorghum: 1,250 hectares
• Tomatoes: 240 hectares
• Wheat: 336 hectares

• Number of farms: 1,093
• Agricultural area: 282,692 ha.
• Planted area: 105,000 ha.
• Area of natural pasture: 112,678
• Workers directly employed by producers: 1,764
• Workers indirectly employed in the sector: 2,533

File:Replica de Titanossauro em Peirópolis.jpg.]]

Uberaba is recognized for housing a significant paleontological site in Brazil, boasting fossil records dating back approximately 80 to 66 million years, from the Late Cretaceous period.

The first paleontological discoveries in the territory were made by chance in 1945 when workers in the rural district of Peirópolis accidentally came across well-preserved fossils. Subsequently, paleontologist Llewellyn Ivor Price, associated with the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), conducted extensive scientific research in the region from 1947 until 1974, with Peirosaurus being one of Price's early findings in the area of the Serra da Galga Formation.{{cite journal |last=Candeiro |first=C. R. A. |year=2009 |title=Vertebrates of the Marília Formation (late Maastrichtian) from the Peirópolis paleontological site: Toward a better understanding |journal=Earth Sciences Research Journal |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=6–15}} The specimens collected during this period were later transferred to the Museum of Earth Sciences in Rio de Janeiro.{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Sebastian |title=Brazil's biggest dinosaur found after passing 60 years in cupboard |url=https://phys.org/news/2016-10-brazil-biggest-dinosaur-years-cupboard.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=phys.org |language=en}}

In 1991, it was established in Peirópolis, the Paleontological Research Center Llewellyn Ivor Price, locally known as the Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas Llewellyn Ivor Price. Currently, the research center collaborates with various national and international research institutions, and serves as a hub for paleontology in Brazil, focusing on understanding the fossil fauna and environments of the Late Cretaceous in the region, maintaining its own technical team for fossil preservation.{{Cite web |title=Paleophilatelie.eu – Brazil 1995 |url=http://www.paleophilatelie.eu/description/stamps/brazil_1995.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425203154/https://www.paleophilatelie.eu/description/stamps/brazil_1995.html |archive-date=2024-04-25 |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=www.paleophilatelie.eu}} As an integral part of the Research Center, The Dinosaur Museum aims to disseminate paleontological knowledge to the general public through interactive and educational exhibitions. The museum attracts an average of 100,000 visitors annually.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Sesc São Paulo - Em Minas, um ninho de dinossauros - Revistas - Online |url=https://portal.sescsp.org.br/online/artigo/3897_EM+MINAS+UM+NINHO+DE+DINOSSAUROS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725000608/https://portal.sescsp.org.br/online/artigo/3897_EM+MINAS+UM+NINHO+DE+DINOSSAUROS |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-25}}

In 2022, a geological survey identified 31 geosites and sites in Uberaba.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-31 |title=Repositório Institucional de Geociências: Mapa do patrimônio geológico do Geoparque Uberaba: terra de gigantes | url=https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/handle/doc/22944 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331035435/https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/handle/doc/22944 | archive-date=2024-03-31 | url-status=live | language=pt}} Across the territory, over 10,000 prehistoric animal fossils have been documented, which includes sauropods, theropods, and velociraptors, along with various other specimens such as fishes, frogs, crocodyliforms, turtles, birds, mammals, mollusks, and the presence of trace fossils.{{Cite journal |last1=Martinelli |first1=Agustín |last2=Teixeira |first2=Vicente |last3=Ferraz |first3=Mara |last4=Cavellani |first4=Camila |last5=Pérez |first5=Cecilia |last6=Marinho |first6=Thiago |last7=Ribeiro |first7=Luiz |date=2017-08-22 |title=Curadoria da coleção do Centro de Pesquisas Paleontólogicas L. I. Price do Complexo Cultural e Cientifico de Peirópolis (UFTM), Uberaba, MG: estado atual e relevância paleontológica |url=https://sistema.funarte.gov.br/tainacan/periodicos/curadoria-da-colecao-do-centro-de-pesquisas-paleontologicas-l-i-price-do-complexo-cultural-e-cientifico-de-peiropolis-uftm-uberaba-mg-estado-atual-e-relevancia-paleontologica/ |journal=Museologia e Patrimônio |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=205–215|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426044042/https://sistema.funarte.gov.br/tainacan/periodicos/curadoria-da-colecao-do-centro-de-pesquisas-paleontologicas-l-i-price-do-complexo-cultural-e-cientifico-de-peiropolis-uftm-uberaba-mg-estado-atual-e-relevancia-paleontologica/ |archive-date=26 April 2024 }} Among the most notable discoveries is the Uberabatitan, unearthed in 2004.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-07 |title=Brazilian geopark receives UNESCO recognition |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2024-04/brazilian-geopark-receives-unesco-recognition |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Agência Brasil |language=en}}

Road access to Uberaba is provided by BR-050, connecting the city to the federal capital Brasília and São Paulo, as well as by BR-262, linking it to the state capital Belo Horizonte.

The railway system is managed by VLI Multimodal S.A., which operates the rail network linking the local intermodal terminal to the southeastern corridor of Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica. The corridor ultimately leads to the Port of Santos.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-07 |title=VLI inaugurates new fertilizer corridor at Brazil's FCA railway |url=https://williams.com.br/vli-inaugurates-new-fertilizer-corridor-at-brazils-fca-railway/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Williams |language=en}}

Air access is provided by Mário de Almeida Franco Airport.

{{main category|People from Uberaba}}

{{colbegin}}

• Alfredo Moser, inventor.
• Campos de Carvalho, writer.
• Dinorá de Carvalho, mathematician.
• Idelber Avelar, scholar.
• Jacob Palis, mathematician.
• Jean Dolabella, musician.
• João Menezes, tennis player.
• Júlio Ximenes Sênior, scientist
• Junqueira, footballer.
• Leandro Carrijó, footballer.
• Nariz, footballer.
• Paulo Rodrigues, footballer.
• Rafael Mineiro, basketball player.
• Rodrigo Mendes, footballer.
• Thiessa Sickert, Miss Earth Brazil 2015, Miss Earth 2015
• Yuu Kamiya, artist.

{{colend}}

Uberaba was the last residence of the philanthropist and spiritualist medium Chico Xavier. Xavier was born in Pedro Leopoldo in 1910 and resided in Uberaba from 1959 until his death at the age of 92 on June 30, 2002. He was buried in the city.{{Cite web |date=11 July 2002 |title=Obituary: Chico Xavier |url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jul/11/guardianobituaries.booksobituaries1 |access-date=17 March 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}

• {{Flagicon|BRA}} Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
• {{Flagicon|India}} Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
• {{Flagicon|India}} Ongole, Andhra pradesh, India.
• {{Flagicon|Mexico}} Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

• List of municipalities in Minas Gerais

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.uberaba.mg.gov.br/ City Hall of Uberaba website] (in Portuguese)
• [http://www.mg.gov.br/ Government of the State of Minas Gerais website] (in Portuguese)

{{Municipalities of Minas Gerais}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1820 establishments in Brazil

Category:Populated places established in 1820

Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais