Victory column
{{Short description|Monument in the form of a column}}
File:Сравнительная высота колонн Александра I, Наполеона, Траяна, Помпея и Антонина,1836г ГИМ.jpg, the Column of the Grande Armée, Trajan's Column, the Column of Marcus Aurelius, and "Pompey's Pillar"]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
A victory column, or monumental column or triumphal column, is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a heroic commemoration,{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWHhEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |title=Representing the English Renaissance |first=Stephen |last=Greenblatt |author-link=Stephen Greenblatt |publisher=Univ of California Press |date=15 November 2023 |page=15 |isbn=9780520332201}} including victorious battle, war, or revolution. The column typically stands on a base and is crowned with a victory symbol, such as a statue. The statue may represent the goddess Victoria; in Germany, the female embodiment of the nation, Germania;{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/150-years-of-berlins-victory-column-changing-symbolism/a-66623291 |title=150 years of Berlin's Victory Column: Changing symbolism |first=Torsten |last=Landsberg |date=9 February 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=DW.com}} in the United States either the female embodiment of the nation Liberty or Columbia;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n7pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |title=Rooted Resistance: Agrarian Myth in Modern America |first1=Norie R. |last1=Singer |first2=Stephanie Houston |last2=Grey |first3=Jeff |last3=Motter |publisher=University of Arkansas Press |date=1 September 2020 |page=52 |isbn=9781682261439}} in the United Kingdom, the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle,{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzhKAQAAMAAJ&q=Britannia+represented+as+an+eagle+for+Victory |title=Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the Death of George II |volume=7-8 |author=British Museum Department of Coins and Medals |author-link=British Museum Department of Coins and Medals |publisher=Trustees of the British Museum |year=1907}} or a naval war hero depicted as a helmeted woman, wielding a trident, shield and olive branch.{{cite web |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/triumph-britannia-naval-victory-urban-entertainment-mid-eighteenth |title=The Triumph of Britannia |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=9 January 2019 |first=Katherine |last=Gazzard |work=Royal Museums Greenwich}}{{cite web |url=https://www.theeastindiacompany.com/blogs/stories/britannia-a-symbolic-journey-through-british-history |title=Britannia: A Symbolic Journey Through British History |date=24 August 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=The East India Company}}
Monumental columns
class="wikitable sortable" |
class="unsortable" | Image
! Date ! Monument ! Country ! City ! Location ! Coordinates ! Height above ground ! Comment |
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| 478 BC | Turkey | Istanbul | Hippodrome of Constantinople | 41.005651 N 28.975113 E | 8 m | Originally part of a tripod at Delphi |
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| 115 BC | India | Vidisha | Madhya Pradesh, Central India | 23.549508 N 77.800093 E | | Erected around 113 BCE in central India in Vidisha (then known as Besnagar), by Heliodorus, a Greek ambassador of the Indo-Greek king Antialcidas the court of the Shunga king Bhagabhadra |
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| c. 65 | Germany | Mainz | 50.005336 N 8.270532 E | 12.5 m | Replica displayed in front of the Landtag |
File:Trajan's Column HD.jpg
| 113 | Italy | Rome | 41.895836 N 12.484276 E | 35.07 m{{sfn|Jones|2000|p=220}} | Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Tomb of the honorand, Trajan. Archetype of victory column. |
File:Musei vaticani - base colonna antonina 01106.JPG
| 161 | Italy | Rome | 41.901598 N 12.476285 E | 14.75 m | Monolithic granite column shaft, c. 14.8 m. Only the base now survives. |
File:La Colonna di Marco Aurelio (5966172297).jpg
| Before 193 | Italy | Rome | 41.900855 N 12.479987 E | 39.72 m{{sfn|Jones|2000|p=220}} | Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Directly modelled on Trajan's Column |
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| c. 200 | Column at the end of the Via Appia | Italy | Brindisi | Near the port | 40.641071 N 17.946787 E | 18.74 m | |
File:GothsColumn1.JPG
| Between 268 and 337 | Turkey | Istanbul | 41.014515 N 28.985470 E | 18.5 m | |
File:Alexandria - Pompey's Pillar - standing alone.JPG
| 298–302 | Egypt | 31.182512 N 29.896426 E | 26.85 m{{sfn|Adam|1977|pp=50f|loc=refers to base, column shaft plus capital}} |Entirely unconnected with Pompey. Dedicated to Diocletian by Aelius Publius, the governor of Aegyptus, between 298 and 302. Monolithic granite column shaft, 20.75 m. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus in porphyry, c. 7 m. Possibly accompanied by smaller columns honouring of Diocletian's co-emperors. |
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| 11 May 330 | Turkey | Istanbul | Forum of Constantine, Çemberlitaş, Fatih | 41.008530 N 28.971270 E | 35 m | Upper portion of the column has not survived. |
File:RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG
| 330–400 | Italy |Rome | 41.892474 N 12.484854 E | 13.6 m | Column originally fourth century, Constantinian dynasty or after; imitating the Column and Forum of Constantine in Constantinople. Monolithic fluted marble column shaft. Corinthian capital. Rededicated to Phocas by Smaragdus, the Exarch of Italy, in 608 with an inscription and gilded statue of that augustus; last addition to the Forum Romanum. |
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| 386–393/'4 | Turkey | Istanbul | |c. 50 m | Largest Roman column monument. Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. Originally topped in 393/'4 with a statue of Theodosius I in bronze. The statue fell in an earthquake in 480. Rededicated to Anastasius I in 506 with a new bronze statue. Demolished 16th century; precise site in Theodoisus's Forum unknown.{{Cite web|title=LSA-2458: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Theodosius I, emperor; later used for statue of Anastasius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Theodosius (Tauros). 386-394 and 506|url=http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk/database/discussion.php?id=2832|last=Gehn|first=Ulrich|date=2012|website=Last Statues of Antiquity|publisher=Oxford University|access-date=2020-05-08}} |
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| c. 400 | India | Delhi | 28.524718 N 77.185014 E | 7.12 m | It was transferred from Udayagiri or Vidisha to Delhi in the 11th century by Iltutmish the Sultan of Delhi. It was originally erected by the Chandragupta II of the Gupta empire. |
File:Cambridge, Trinity College, ms. O.17.2 (11).jpgFile:Cambridge, Trinity College, ms. O.17.2 (12).jpgFile:Cambridge, Trinity College, ms. O.17.2 (13).jpg
| 401–421 | Turkey | Istanbul | 41.007736 N 28.943071 E |c. 46.1 m | Internal spiral staircase, external helical frieze of reliefs. 21 monolithic column drums. Doric capital. Originally topped with a statue of Arcadius, c. 8.5 m, similar to the statue on the Column of Theodosius. The statue fell in an earthquake in 740. Demolished 1719; only the base, c. 10.5 m, survives.{{Cite web|title=LSA-2459: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Arcadius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Arcadius. 401-21|url=http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk/database/discussion.php?id=2833|last=Gehn|first=Ulrich|date=2012|website=Last Statues of Antiquity|publisher=Oxford University|access-date=2020-03-13}} |
File:ColumnOfMarcianInIstanbulApril2007.jpg
| 450–452 | Turkey | Istanbul | Forum of Marcian, Fatih | 41.015410 N 28.950292 E |c. 16.5 m (present) |Dedicated to Marcian by Tatianus, prefect of Constantinople between 450 and 452. Monolithic granite column shaft, 8.74 m. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus, referred to in the inscription and lost at an unknown date. |
File:Second_Court_Topkapi_2007_80.JPG
| 457–474 | Turkey | Istanbul | Forum of Leo Fatih | 41.013313 N 28.984836 E |21–26 m | Built in the reign of Leo I. Eight marble column drums, decorated with wreaths. Corinthian capital. Originally topped with a statue of the augustus. Destroyed before the 1540s; fragments remain in the grounds of the Topkapı Palace. The imperial statue on top may survive in Italy as the Colossus of Barletta. |
File:Gurlitt Justinian column.jpg
| 543 | Turkey | Istanbul | Augustaeum, Fatih | | | Masonry column shaft decorated with wreaths next to Hagia Sophia. Colossal equestrian statue in bronze reused from a Theodosian monument. c. 7 m statue. Column's bronze sheath removed after the Fourth Crusade's 1204 Sack of Constantinople. Statue removed soon after 1453 Fall of Constantinople. Toppled by Ottomans in 1515. Socle and statue destroyed in 1529. |
| 595
| India | Mahakuta | | 15.932953 N 75.722656 E | | |
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| c. 850 | United Kingdom | | Near Valle Crucis Abbey | 52.992123 N 3.189321 W | | |
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| 983 | India | | | 2.3 m | |
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| c. 1000 | Germany | 52.148929 N 9.947179 E | 3.79 m | |
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|c. 1190 | India | 28.524387 N 77.185518 E |73 m |The Qutb Minar, also spelled as Qutub Minar and Qutab Minar, is a minaret and "victory tower" that forms part of the Qutb complex. It is usually thought that the tower is named for Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who began construction of the Minar. |
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| 11th century | Germany | Mainz | Markt | 49.999550 N 8.273614 E | 6.4 m | |
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| after 1244 | Italy | Florence | In front of Santa Felicita | 43.767114 N 11.252293 E | | |
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| 1268San Marco, Byzantium and the Myths of Venice p.79 and note 10 on p.10 | Columns of San Marco and San Todaro | Italy | Venice | 45.433289 N 12.339657 E | | |
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| Before 1333 | Italy | Florence | 43.773378 N 11.254912 E | | |
| 1338
| Colonna della Croce al Trebbio | Italy | Florence | | 43.773132 N 11.250434 E | | |
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| 1431 | Italy | Florence | 43.771579 N 11.254314 E | | |
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| 1 March 1467 | | Italy | Siena | Viale Vittorio Emanuele II | 43.3286349 N 11.3224004 E | | |
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|1448 | India | 24.887884 N 74.645171 E |37.19m |The tower was constructed by the Mewar king, Rana Kumbha, in 1448 to commemorate his victory over the combined armies of Malwa and Gujarat led by Mahmud Khilji. The tower is dedicated to Hindu god Vishnu. |
| 1548?
| Germany | | 48.079032 N 11.112875 E | 2 m | |
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| 1565 | Italy | Florence | 43.770126 N 11.251267 E | | Spolia from the 3rd century AD Baths of Caracalla in Rome |
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| 1572 | Italy | Florence | In front of San Felice | 43.765163 N 11.248104 E | | |
| 1572
| Italy | Florence | In front of San Marco | 43.778768 N 11.259366 E | 12.9 m | |
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| 1574 | Alameda Hércules column. Roman columns with statues of Hercules (inspired by the Farnese Hercules) and Julius Caesar | Spain | Seville | In front of La Alameda, Seville | 37.400246 N 5.993597 W | 10 m | |
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| 1574 | France | Paris | In front of Paris Bourse | 48.862525 N 2.342993 E | 28 m | |
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| 1614 | Column of Peace | Italy | Rome | Piazza del Esqualino, in front of Santa Maria Maggiore | 41.897038 N 12.499385 E | 42 m |Spolia from the 4th century AD Basilica of Maxentius |
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| 1627 | Italy | Bologna | 44.489900 N 11.343722 E | | |
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| 31 May 1628 | Italy | Genoa | Piazza Vacchero | 44.412562 N 8.928214 E | | |
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| 1628 | Italy | Bologna | | 44.494342 N 11.336446 E | | |
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| 7 November 1638 | Germany | Munich | 48.137232 N 11.575510 E | 14 m | |
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| 1644 | Poland | Warsaw | 52.247260 N 21.013375 E | 22 m | |
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| 1647 | Austria | | 48.505547 N 13.454414 E | 17 m | Transferred from original site in Vienna in 1667. |
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| 1650 | Czech | Prague | | 16 m | Destroyed in 1918 |
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| 1651 | Germany | Fulda | | 50.559691 N 9.671735 E | 15 m | |
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| 1654 | Victory Column | Germany | Kronach | | 50.240462 N 11.324268 E | | |
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| 1656 | United Kingdom | Near Brougham | 54.653682 N 2.704906 W | | | |
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| 1666 | Italy | Lecce | | 40.352927 N 18.172767 E | | Originally one of the columns at the end of the Via Appia in Brindisi |
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| 1673 | Italy | Milan | Verziere | 45.463150 N 9.197222 E | | |
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| 1674 | Germany | Freising | 48.400841 N 11.744036 E | 15 m | |
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| 1675 | Monument to Ludovico Ariosto | Italy | Ferrara | 44.841359 N 11.626514 E | | |
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| 1677 | United Kingdom | London | Corner of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill | 51.510157 N 0.085947 W | 62 m | |
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| 1679 | Austria | Vienna | 48.167107 N 16.381275 E | | Badly damaged in World War II and replaced in 1979. |
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| 1680 | Austria | In front of the Church of the Holy Spirit | 46.625283 N 14.307690 E | | |
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| 1681 | Column of the Blessed Virgin Mary | Poland | Kłodzko | | 50.438680 N 16.654002 E | 11.5 m | |
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| 1683 | Austria | Vienna | 48.211383 N 16.385724 E | | |
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| 1693 | Austria | Vienna | Graben | 48.208719 N 16.369807 E | | |
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| 1694 | Poland | Prudnik | Town Square | 50.321899 N 17.580060 E | | |
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| 1698 | Poland | | 50.321899 N 17.580058 E | | |
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| 26 July 1706 | Austria | Maria-Theresien-Straße | 47.265679 N 11.394209 E | | |
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| 1711 | Germany | Gropenmarkt | 51.512342 N 10.261748 E | 12.15 m | |
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| 1714 | Austria | Mödling | | 48.085981 N 16.284512 E | | |
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| 1715 | Column of the Virgin Mary Immaculate | Poland | Šultysova street | 49.949416 N 15.266857 E | |
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| 1715? | Austria | Poysdorf | | 48.667918 N 16.629299 E | | |
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| 2 December 1717 | Germany | 48.064497 N 9.949413 E | 8.3 m | |
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| | United Kingdom | | 51.849888 N 1.369576 W | 41 m | |
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| 1723 | Austria | Linz | 48.305861 N 14.286432 E | 20 m | |
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| 1723 | Slovakia | Košice | Hlavná ulica | 48.722838 N 21.256810 E | 14 m | |
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| 1724 | Pestsäule | Austria | Bleiburg | | 46.590166 N 14.798726 E | | |
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| 1727 | Poland | Racibórz | Town Square | 50.092009 N 18.219817 E | 14 m | |
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| 1728 | Italy | Palermo | 38.118739 N 13.362882 E | | |
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| 23 November 1730 | Romania | 45.757950 N 21.229082 E | | |
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| 1732 | Germany | Aub | Marktplatz | 49.552507 N 10.065376 E | | |
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| 1739 | Statue of St Nepomuk and Mary | Romania | 45.755766 N 21.227206 E | | |
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| 9 March 1742 | Poland | | 50.345854 N 16.871856 E | 7 m | |
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| After 1746 | Poland | | 50.296831 N 16.651757 E | 10 m | |
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| 1749 | United Kingdom | | 52.030677 N 1.014969 W | | |
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| 1754 | Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc | Czech | Olomouc | | 49.593935 N 17.250445 E | 35 m | |
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| 1767 | United Kingdom | Curry Rivel | Troy Hill | 51.022421 N 2.889986 W | 43 m | |
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| 1770 | Eagle Column | Russia | Gatchina | | 59.566958 N 30.095930 E | 6.4 m | |
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| 1778 | Germany | | 49.859600 N 10.182864 E | | |
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| 1778 | Russia | 59.710054 N 30.393685 E | | |
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| After 1778 | United Kingdom | | Near Wentworth and Kimberworth | 53.447944 N 1.415152 W | 35 m | |
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| 1780 | Germany | | 48.891157 N 11.183213 E | 24 m | |
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| 15 August 1802 | Monument to the Magdeburg Rights | Ukraine | Kyiv | 50.456003 N 30.529509 E | 23 m | |
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| August 1809 | Ireland | Dublin | 53.349812 N 6.260257 W | 40.8 m | Destroyed in 1966 by Irish Republicans |
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| 1809 | Canada | Montreal | 45.508202 N 73.553866 W | 19 m | |
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| 15 August 1810 | France | Paris | 48.867476 N 2.329450 E | 44.3 m | |
File:Ростральные колонны556.JPG
| 1811 | Russia | Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange | 59.943094 N 30.306795 E | | |
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| 27 June 1811 | Russia | Poltava | | 49.589575 N 34.551197 E | 10.35 m | |
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| 1814 | United Kingdom | Alnwick | | 55.404882 N 1.715109 W | | |
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|1815 | United States |Battle Monument Square | 39.290687 N 76.612412 W |11.88 m | |
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| 1816 | Column of the Duchess of Angoulême | France | Avenue Wilson | 45.652651 N 0.146832 E | | |
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| 1816 | United Kingdom | Alnwick | | 55.410898 N 1.699185 W | 25 m | |
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| 18 June 1816 | United Kingdom | Outside the Shirehall | 52.704168 N 2.731822 W | 40.7 m | |
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| 1819 | United Kingdom | | 52.588479 N 1.733627 E | 44 m | |
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| 1821 | France | Wimille | Rue Napoleon | 50.741269 N 1.617428 E | 53 m | |
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| 1823 | France | Nantes | 47.219519 N 1.549839 W | 28 m | |
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| 1823 | Column of the Duchess of Angoulême | France | | 47.363987 N 1.021578 W | 15 m | |
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| 4 September 1823 | France | Nice | | 43.696307 N 7.262657 E | | |
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| 1826 | Column of Charles Felix | France | | 46.075445 N 6.405684 E | 21.44 m | |
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| 22 August 1828 | Germany | Volkach | | 49.897877 N 10.224168 E | 32 m | |
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| 6 March 1829 | Russia | | 57.625015 N 39.897312 E | 12 m | Dismantled 1935, rebuilt 2004. |
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| 1829 | United States | 39.297554 N 76.615670 W | 54 m | |
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| 1831 | United Kingdom | London | Corner of Regent Street and The Mall | 51.506342 N 0.131727 W | 41.99 m | |
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| 18 June 1832 | Germany | Hanover | Waterlooplatz | 52.366517 N 9.727602 E | 46.31 m | |
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| 1833 | France | Brest | Arsenal | 48.386071 N 4.495170 W | 7 m | Transformed from a captured Barbary cannon. |
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| 30 August 1834 | Russia | 59.939018 N 30.315734 E | 47.5 m | |
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| 1835 | United Kingdom | | 51.101358 N 2.721318 W | 33.5 m | |
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| 28 July 1840 | France | Paris | 48.853169 N 2.369139 E | 47 m | |
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| 1843 | Germany | Berlin | Mehringplatz | 52.498981 N 13.391776 E | 19 m | |
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| November 1843 | United Kingdom | London | 51.507776 N 0.127911 W | 51.6 m | |
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| 25 August 1844 | Germany | Luisenplatz | 49.872852 N 8.651196 E | 39.5 m | |
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| 1845 | France | Lille | Grand Place | 50.636921 N 3.063437 E | 15.5 m | |
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| 1845 | Monument to the Third Council of Trent | Italy | Trento | North of Santa Maria Maggiore | 46.068780 N 11.119453 E | | |
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| 1846 | Anniversary Column | Germany | Schlossplatz | 48.778585 N 9.179862 E | 32.6 m [https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/rueckkehr-der-concordia-auf-die-jubilaeumssaeule-1] | Concordia statue was put up on top of Jubilee Column in 1863 |
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| 22 December 1851 | Columna de la Libertad de los Esclavos | Colombia | Ocaña | | 8.235417 N 73.353872 W | | |
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| 15 October 1854 & 1855 | Germany | Rügen | Neukamp and Groß Stresow | 54.318950 N 13.461795 E; 54.356866 N 13.571766 E | 15 m | Dismantled for repair in 1991 and never rebuilt. |
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| 1856 | Canada | | 43.160164 N 79.053044 W | 56 m | |
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| 8 December 1857 | Column of the Immaculate Conception | Italy | Rome | 41.905003 N 12.482962 E | 11.81 m | |
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| September 1858 | Germany | Cologne | | 50.942751 N 6.946597 E | 13.5 m | |
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| 26 September 1859 | Belgium | Brussels | Place du Congrès | 50.850115 N 4.363457 E | 47 m | |
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| 1861 | Westminster Scholars War Memorial | United Kingdom | London | In front of Westminster Abbey | 51.499515 N 0.129142 W | | |
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| 1865 | United Kingdom | Corner of William Brown Street and Lime Street | 53.409629 N 2.978844 W | 40.2 m | |
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| 8 October 1866 | Germany | Trier | Markusberg | 49.760305 N 6.619894 E | 40 m | |
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| 20 February 1867 | Uruguay | 34.905913 S 56.191363 W |17 m |First monument in the city of Montevideo. Its statue was made of molten cannons from the uruguayan civil war.{{Cite web |title=La Columna de la Paz a través del tiempo {{!}} Centro de Fotografía de Montevideo |url=https://cdf.montevideo.gub.uy/fotografias/la-columna-de-la-paz-traves-del-tiempo |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=cdf.montevideo.gub.uy}} |
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| 1868 | Switzerland | 47.227352 N 8.815227 E | | |
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| 1 June 1869 | United States | | 39.819793 N 77.231215 W | 18 m | |
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| 1870 | Italy | Brescia | | 45.540223 N 10.201846 E | 60 m | |
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| 4 July 1870 | United States | Adrian | Memorial Park | 41.896476 N 84.029312 W | | Recycled from the Bank of Pennsylvania |
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| 1873 | Germany | Maxplatz | 51.222439 N 6.771259 E | | |
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| 2 September 1873 | Germany | Berlin | Großer Stern | 52.514554 N 13.350100 E | 66.89 m | |
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| 1874 | Portugal | Lisbon | 38.713807 N 9.139362 W | 27.5 m | |
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| 4 July 1874 | Soldiers and Sailors Monument | United States | Penn Square | 40.037964 N 76.305703 W | 13 m | |
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| 2 December 1874 | Germany | Schwerin | | 53.625653 N 11.416119 E | 23 m | |
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| 1876 | Oberhausen Victory Column | Germany | Altmarkt | 51.468826 N 6.849969 E | | |
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| 1877 | Siegburg Victory Column | Germany | Siegburg | Markt | 50.797054 N 7.207624 E | | |
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| 17 September 1877 | Soldiers and Sailors Monument | United States | Boston | 42.355470 N 71.066413 W | 38 m | |
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| 1878 | Oldenburg Peace Column | Germany | Peace Place | 53.141429 N 8.207484 E | | |
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| 2 September 1879 | Germany | | 52.771053 N 12.828941 E | 36 m | |
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| 1880 | Germany | Munich | Pasing | 48.146763 N 11.459396 E | 7.4 m | |
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| 1881 | United States | College Square Historic District | 41.531270 N 90.575540 W | 15.25 m | |
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| 4 July 1884 | Soldiers and Sailors Monument | United States | Buffalo | 42.885667 N 78.873834 W | 33.7 m | |
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| 10 October 1884 | United States | Yorktown | Colonial National Historical Park | 37.233416 N 76.504991 W | 29.87 m | |
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| 1886 | Germany | Kyllburg | | 50.043345 N 6.592808 E | 15 m | |
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| 1886 | Denmark | 55.690625 N 12.599159 E | | |
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| 1887 | Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument | United States | 41.327277 N 72.904666 W | 34 m | |
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| 1888 | Spain | 41.375821 N 2.177777 E | 60 m | |
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| 24 June 1889 | Column of the Plaza Bolivar | Venezuela | Valencia | 10.182815 N 68.003288 W | | |
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| 1891 | Ukraine | Odesa | 46.478374 N 30.754748 E | 12.6 m | |
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| 4 July 1894 | Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument | United States | 41.499535 N 81.692925 W | 38 m | |
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| 1894 | Ukraine | | 47.227747 N 39.749096 E | 11 m | |
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| 1896 | Germany | Munich | Maximilian Park | 48.141367 N 11.596993 E | 38 m | |
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| 1900 | Millenium Monument | Hungary | Budapest | 47.515151 N 19.078157 E | 36 m | |
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| 1902 | Monument aux Girondins | France | Bordeaux | 44.845395 N 0.574875 W | 54 m | |
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| 1904 | Germany | | 51.898525 N 7.422997 E | 5.4 m | |
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| 30 October 1904 | Ukraine | Lviv | 49.839453 N 24.030012 E | 21 m | |
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| 15 November 1908 | Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument | United States | Brooklyn | 40.691803 N 73.975543 W | 45 m | |
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| 1909 | Italy | Bolzano | | 46.501523 N 11.354488 E | | |
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| 1910 | Monument to the Viscount of Mauá | Brazil | 22.896219 S 43.180941 W | 8 m | |
150px
| 1910 | Baiyushan Tower | China | Dalian | 38.809298 N 121.252039 E | 66.8 m | |
150px
| 16 September 1910 | El Ángel | Mexico | 19.427004 N 99.167680 W | 45 m | |
150px
| 1911 | Venezuela | Caracas | Intersection of Páez, O'Higgins, Teherán and Principal de La Vega | 10.475210 N 66.946073 W | | |
150px
| 20 October 1912 | Monumento a las Batallas de Jaén | Spain | Jaén | 37.772703 N 3.788722 W | 12 m | |
150px
| 1915 | Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial | United States | | 41.654118 N 82.811319 W | 107 m | World's tallest doric column |
150px
| 1916 | Colombia | Tunja | Plazoleta de San Laureano | 5.527128 N 73.363204 W | | |
| 1920
| India | Sanjan | | 20.189365 N 72.816668 E | 15 m | |
| 20 March 1921
| Bromley Parish Church Memorial | United Kingdom | London | Bromley | 51.404999 N 0.012606 E | 5 m | |
150px
| 15 June 1921 | Argentina | 34.556888 S 58.409768 W | 26 m | |
150px
| 1923 | France | Corner of the Avenue de la Victoire and the Rue de Paris | 20.878478 S 55.448484 E | | |
150px
| 1924 | Spain | Plaza de Mosén Jacint Verdaguer | 41.399142 N 2.169941 E | 21.6 m | |
150px
| 1926 | United States | Astoria | City Park | 46.181327 N 123.817557 W | 38 m | |
150px
| 30 October 1932 | Italy | Forlì | 44.218153 N 12.050071 E | 32 m | |
150px
| 18 November 1935 | Latvia | Riga | Freedom Boulevard | 56.951461 N 24.113295 E | 42 m | |
150px
| 1 August 1937 | Meuse-Argonne American Memorial | France | | 49.272768 N 5.141671 E | 71 m |
| 27 October 1938
| Romania | Ensemble | 45.037446 N 23.285378 E | 29.3 m | |
150px
| 24 June 1941 | Thailand | Bangkok | Traffic circle of Phahonyothin Road, Phaya Thai Road, and Ratchawithi Road | 13.764921 N 100.538288 E | 50 m | |
150px
| 1944 | Dominican Republic | | 19.450883 N 70.694735 W | 67 m | |
105px
| 1948 | Iglica | Poland | Wrocław | | 51.107536 N 17.075415 E | 96 m | Originally 106 m tall |
| 1948
| Germany | | 50.095645 N 6.369710 E | 16 m | |
150px
| 1951 | Monumento aos Heróis da Guerra Peninsular | Portugal | Porto | 41.157945 N 8.629145 W | 45 m | |
150px
| 1953 | United Kingdom | Guernsey | 49.426998 N 2.534189 W | | Replacing an earlier column demolished during the German occupation. |
| 1957
| Cenotaph for the Friendship Between China and USSR | China | Lüshun | | 38.807023 N 121.235220 E | 22.2 m | |
150px
| 12 July 1975 | Monas | Indonesia | Jakarta | 6.175402 S 106.827128 E | 132 m | |
150px
| 1985 | United States | 38.910251 N 76.967537 W | | Originally from the portico of the United States Capitol |
| 2001
| Ukraine | Kyiv | 50.449522 N 30.525314 E | 63 m | |
150px
| 21 January 2003 | Ireland | Dublin | 53.349812 N 6.260257 W | 120 m | replacement for Nelson's Pillar |
150px
| 15 September 2003 | Mexico | Plaza Mayor | 28.639979 N 106.072550 W | 35 m | |
150px
| 2004 | Russia | 59.916475 N 30.307055 E | 29 m | Replaces an identical column, destroyed in 1929 |
150px
| 27 March 2004 | Moldova | Soroca | | 48.137139 N 28.304762 E | 29.5 m | |
150px
| 15 April 2005 | Cocking History Column | United Kingdom | Cocking | | 50.950212 N 0.753411 W | 4.57 m | |
150px
| 10 May 2006 | Column of the Archangel Michael | Russia | Sochi | | 43.582217 N 39.722351 E | 20 m | |
150px
| 23 June 2009 | War of Independence Victory Column | Estonia | Tallinn | 59.434016 N 24.743070 E | 23.5 m | |
100px
| 2009 | Spain | Madrid | 40.466027 N 3.689346 W | 92 m | |
150px
| 2010 | Spain | Near the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc | 41.370689 N 2.152085 E | 20 m | Replace originals, which were demolished in 1928. |
150px
| 2012 | Angola | Luanda | Praça da República | 8.823684 S 13.218869 E | 120 m | |
List of Roman victory columns
Of the columns listed above, the following are the Roman columns. Roman triumphal columns were either monolithic pillars or composed of column drums; in the later case, these were often hollowed out to accommodate an ancient spiral staircase leading up to the platform on top.
The earliest triumphal column was Trajan's Column which, dedicated in 113 AD, defined its architectural form and established its symbolic value as a political monument alongside the older Roman triumphal arches, providing a lingering model for its successors to this day. The imperial capitals of Rome and Constantinople house the most ancient triumphal columns.
All dimensions are given here in metres, though it was the Roman foot by which ancient architects determined the harmonious proportions of the columns, and which is thus crucial for understanding their design.{{sfn|Jones|1993|pp=23–38}} The list is sorted by date of erection.
class="wikitable sortable" |
class="unsortable" | Image
! Date ! Monument ! City ! Location ! Height above ground ! Comment |
---|
File:Colonnatraiana.jpg
| AD 113 | Rome | 35.07 m{{sfn|Jones|2000|p=220}} | Archetype of victory column |
File:Musei vaticani - base colonna antonina 01106.JPG
| AD 161 | Rome | | |
File:Kolumna Aureliusza.jpg
| Before AD 193 | Rome | 39.72 m{{sfn|Jones|2000|p=220}} | Directly modelled on Trajan's Column |
File:GothsColumn1.JPG
| Between AD 268 and 337 | Istanbul | | |
File:Alexandria - Pompey's Pillar - standing alone.JPG
| AD 297 | | 26.85 m{{sfn|Adam|1977|pp=50f|loc=refers to base, column shaft plus capital}} | |
File:Gurlitt Constantine column.jpg
| AD 330 | Istanbul | | |
|
| Istanbul | | |
File:Gurlitt Arcadius Column.jpg
| AD 421 | Istanbul | | |
File:ColumnOfMarcianInIstanbulApril2007.jpg
| AD 455 | Istanbul | | | |
File:Gurlitt Justinian column.jpg
| AD 543 | Istanbul | Square of the Augustaeum | | Destroyed by earthquake in the 16th century |
File:RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG
| AD 608 | Rome | | Last addition to the Forum Romanum |
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
Part of this page is based on the article Siegessäule in the German-language Wikipedia.
- {{citation
| last = Adam
| first = Jean-Pierre
| title = À propos du trilithon de Baalbek: Le transport et la mise en oeuvre des mégalithes
| journal = Syria
| volume = 54
| issue = 1/2
| year = 1977
| pages = 31–63 (50f.)
| doi=10.3406/syria.1977.6623
}}
- {{Cite web|title=LSA-2458: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Theodosius I, emperor; later used for statue of Anastasius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Theodosius (Tauros). 386-394 and 506|url=http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk/database/discussion.php?id=2832|last=Gehn|first=Ulrich|date=2012|website=Last Statues of Antiquity|publisher=Oxford University|access-date=2020-05-08}}
- {{Cite web|title=LSA-2459: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Arcadius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Arcadius. 401-21|url=http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk/database/discussion.php?id=2833|last=Gehn|first=Ulrich|date=2012|website=Last Statues of Antiquity|publisher=Oxford University|access-date=2020-05-08}}
- {{citation
| last = Jones
| first = Mark Wilson
| title = One Hundred Feet and a Spiral Stair: The Problem of Designing Trajan's Column
| journal = Journal of Roman Archaeology
| volume = 6
| year = 1993
| pages = 23–38
| doi = 10.1017/S1047759400011454
| s2cid = 250348951
}}
- {{citation
| last = Jones
| first = Mark Wilson
| title = Principles of Roman Architecture
| publisher = Yale University Press
| year = 2000
| isbn = 0-300-08138-3
}}
Further reading
- {{citation
| last = Beckmann
| first = Martin
| title = The 'Columnae Coc(h)lides' of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius
| journal = Phoenix
| volume = 56
| issue = 3/4
| year = 2002
| pages = 348–357
| doi=10.2307/1192605
| jstor = 1192605
}}
External links
- {{Commonscatinline|Triumph columns}}
{{Ancient Roman architecture lists}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Victory Column}}