Voiceless alveolar affricate#Non-retracted alveolar

A voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several types with significant perceptual differences:

The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate {{IPA|[t͡s]}} is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats.
The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate {{IPA|[t͡θ̠]}} or {{IPA|[t͡θ͇]}}, using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth. It is found as a regional realization of the sequence {{IPA|/tr/}} in some Sicilian dialects of Standard Italian.
The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate {{IPA|[t͡ɬ]}} is found in certain languages, such as Cherokee, Mexican Spanish, and Nahuatl.
The voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant affricate {{IPA|[t͡s̺]}}, also called apico-alveolar or grave, has a weak hushing sound reminiscent of {{lcons|retroflex}} affricates. One language in which it is found is Basque, where it contrasts with a more conventional non-retracted laminal alveolar affricate.

This article discusses the first two.

Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate

{{redirect|Voiceless dental affricate|the non-sibilant affricate|Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate}}

{{infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate

|ipa number=103 132

|ipa symbol=ts

|ipa symbol2=ʦ

|decimal1=678

|x-sampa=ts

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x02A6.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with {{angbr IPA|t͡s}} or {{angbr IPA|t͜s}} (formerly with {{angbr IPA|ʦ}} or {{angbr IPA|ƾ}}). The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in many Indo-European languages, such as German (which was also part of the High German consonant shift), Kashmiri, Marathi,

Pashto, Russian and most other Slavic languages such as Polish and Serbo-Croatian; also, among many others, in Georgian, in Mongolia, and Tibetan Sanskrit, in Japanese, in Mandarin Chinese, and in Cantonese. Some international auxiliary languages, such as Esperanto, Ido and Interlingua also include this sound.

=Features=

Features of the voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate:

The stop component of this affricate is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge. For simplicity, this affricate is usually called after the sibilant fricative component.
There are at least three specific variants of the fricative component:
Dentalized laminal alveolar (commonly called "dental"), which means it is articulated with the tongue blade very close to the upper front teeth, with the tongue tip resting behind lower front teeth. The hissing effect in this variety of {{IPA|[s]}} is very strong.{{Harvcoltxt|Puppel|Nawrocka-Fisiak|Krassowska|1977|p=149}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=154}}
Non-retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Acoustically, it is close to {{IPAblink|ʃ}} or laminal {{IPAblink|ʂ}}.

= Occurrence =

The following sections are named after the fricative component.

== Variable ==

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

German

Standard{{sfnp|Mangold|2005|pp=50 and 52}}

'time'

The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal, non-retracted laminal and non-retracted apical.{{sfnp|Mangold|2005|pp=50 and 52}} See Standard German phonology

Italian

Standard{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|pp=75–76}}

'grace'

The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical. In the latter case, the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|pp=75–76}} See Italian phonology

== Dentalized laminal alveolar ==

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Kozintseva\|1995\|p=6}}	{{lang\|hy\|ցանց}}/canc \| {{Audio-IPA\|tsʰɑntsʰ.ogg\|[t̻͡s̪ʰan̪t̻͡s̪ʰ]\|help=no}}	'net'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms
colspan=2\| Basque{{Harvcoltxt\|Hualde\|Lujanbio\|Zubiri\|2010\|p=1}}. Although this paper discusses mainly the Goizueta dialect, the authors state that it has "a typical, conservative consonant inventory for a Basque variety".	{{lang\|eu\|hotz}}	{{IPA\|[o̞t̻͡s̪]}}	'cold'	Contrasts with a sibilant affricate with an apical fricative component.
colspan=2\| Belarusian{{sfnp\|Padluzhny\|1989\|pp=48-49}}	{{lang\|be\|цётка}}/cötka	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪ʲɵtka]}}	'aunt'	Contrasting palatalization. See Belarusian phonology
colspan=2\| Bulgarian{{sfnp\|Chew\|2003\|p=67}}	{{lang\|bg\|цар}}/car	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪är]}}	'Tsar'	See Bulgarian phonology
rowspan=2\| Chinese	Mandarin{{sfnp\|Lee\|Zee\|2003\|pp=109–110}}{{sfnp\|Lin\|2001\|pp=17–25}}	{{lang\|zh\|早餐}}{{\}}{{tlit\|zh\|zǎo cān}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɑʊ˨˩ t̻͡s̪ʰan˥]}}}}	'breakfast'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Chinese phonology
Cantonese	{{lang\|zh\|早餐}}{{\}}{{tlit\|yue\|zou2 caan1}}	{{IPA\|/t͡sou˧˥ t͡sʰaːn˥/}}	'breakfast'	See Cantonese phonology
colspan=2\| Czech{{sfnp\|Palková\|1994\|pp=234–235}}	{{lang\|cs\|co}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪o̝]}}	'what'	See Czech phonology
colspan=2\| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1999\|p=104}}	{{lang\|hu\|cica}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪it̻͡s̪ɒ]}}	'kitten'	See Hungarian phonology
rowspan=2 colspan=2\| Japanese	{{lang\|ja\|津波}}{{\}}tsunami	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɯ̟ᵝnämʲi]}}}}	'Tsunami'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/u/}}. See Japanese phonology
{{lang\|ja\|モッツァレラ}}/mottsarera	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[mo̞t̻t̻͡s̪äɾe̞ɾä]}}}}	'mozzarella'	May appear before other vowels in loanwords. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \|Kashmiri \|ژاس/cás \|{{IPA\|[t͡saːs]}} \|'cough' \|
colspan=2\| Kashubian{{cite web\|title=Fonetyka i fonologia\|author=Jerzy Treder\|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|archive-date=2016-03-04}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}
colspan=2\| Kazakh{{sfnp\|Kara\|2002\|p=10}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|kk\|инвестиция}}/investitsiya	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[investit̻͡s̪əja]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'price'	rowspan="2" \| Only in loanwords from Russian{{sfnp\|Kara\|2002\|p=10}}{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}} See Kazakh phonology and Kyrgyz phonology
colspan=2\| Kyrgyz{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}}
colspan=2\| Latvian{{sfnp\|Nau\|1998\|p=6}}	{{lang\|lv\|cena}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪en̪ä]}}	'price'	See Latvian phonology
colspan=2\| Macedonian{{sfnp\|Lunt\|1952\|p=1}}	{{lang\|mk\|цвет}}/cvet	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ve̞t̪]}}	'flower'	See Macedonian phonology
colspan=2\| Pashto	{{lang\|pa\|څــلور}}/cëlor	{{IPA\|[ˌt͡səˈlor]}}	'four'	See Pashto phonology
colspan=2\| Polish{{sfnp\|Rocławski\|1976\|pp=160}}	{{lang\|pl\|co}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-co?.ogg\|[t̻͡s̪ɔ]}}	'what'	See Polish phonology
colspan=2\| Romanian{{cite web\|author=Ovidiu Drăghici\|title=Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie\|url=http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/litere/idd/cursuri/an_1/limba_rom_cont/lrc_an1_draghici.pdf\|access-date=April 19, 2013}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}	{{lang\|ro\|preț}}	{{IPA\|[pre̞t̻͡s̪]}}	'price'	See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Russian{{sfnp\|Chew\|2003\|p=67}}	{{lang\|ru\|царь}}/caŕ	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ärʲ]}}	'Tsar'	See Russian phonology
colspan=2\| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Kordić\|2006\|p=5}}{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarić\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|циљ}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|cilj}} / ڄیڵ	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪îːʎ]}}	'target'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan=2\| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|cisár}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪isaːr]}}	'emperor'	See Slovak phonology
colspan=2\| Slovene{{sfnp\|Pretnar\|Tokarz\|1980\|p=21}}	{{lang\|sl\|cvet}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ʋêːt̪]}}	'bloom'	See Slovene phonology
colspan=2\| Tyap	{{lang\|kcg\|tsa\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sa]}}	'to begin'
colspan=2\| Ukrainian{{cite journal\|author1=S. Buk \|author2=J. Mačutek \|author3=A. Rovenchak \|year=2008\|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system\|journal=Glottometrics \|volume=16 \|pages=63–79 \|arxiv=0802.4198}}	{{lang\|uk\|цей}}/cej	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɛj]}}	'this one'	Contrasting palatalization. See Ukrainian phonology
colspan=2\| Upper Sorbian{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|pp=22, 38)}}	{{lang\|hsb\|cybla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪ɘblä]}}	'onion'
colspan=2\| Uzbek{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=12}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}

== Non-retracted alveolar ==

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Arabic	Najdi{{sfnp\|Lewis, Jr.\|2013\|p=5}}	{{lang\|ars\|ك‍‍لب}}/tsalb	{{IPA\|[t͡salb]}}	'dog'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/k/}} and {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}} in other dialects
rowspan="2" \| Asturian	Some dialects{{cite web\|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/normes.pdf\|title=Normes ortográfiques, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323072940/http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/normes.pdf \|archive-date=2013-03-23\|page=14\|lang=ast}}	{{lang\|ast\|otso}}	{{IPA\|[ˈot͡so]}}	'eight'	Corresponds to standard {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}}
Ḷḷena, Mieres, and others \| ḷḷuna \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡sunɐ]}} \| 'moon' \| Alveolar realization of che vaqueira instead of normal retroflex {{IPAblink\|ʈ͡ʂ}}
colspan=2\| Basque	{{lang\|eu\|hots}}	{{IPA\|[ot̻͡s̺]}}	'sound'	The fricative component is apical. Contrasts with a laminal affricate with a dentalized fricative component.
colspan=2\| Catalan{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Espinosa\|2007\|p=144}}	{{lang\|ca\|potser}}	{{IPA\|[puˈt̻͡s̺(ː)e]}}	'maybe'	The fricative component is apical. Only restricted to morpheme boundaries, some linguistics do not consider it a phoneme (but a sequence of {{IPA\|[t]}} + {{IPA\|[s]}}). Long and short versions of intervocalic affricates are in free variation in Central Catalan {{IPA\|[tsː]}} ~ {{IPA\|[ts]}}. See Catalan phonology
colspan=2\| Central Alaskan Yup'ik{{sfnp\|Jacobson\|1995\|p=2}}	{{lang\|esu\|cetaman}}	{{IPA\|[t͡səˈtaman]}}	'four'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}} before schwa
colspan=2\| Chamorro{{sfnp\|Chung\|2020\|p=645}}	{{lang\|ch\|CHamoru}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sɑˈmoːɾu]}}	'Chamorro'	Spelled {{lang\|ch\|Chamoru}} in the orthography used in the Northern Mariana Islands.
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|цаца}} / {{lang\|ce-Latn\|caca}} / {{lang\|ce-Arab\|ر̤ار̤ا}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sət͡sə]}}	'sieve'
colspan=2\| Cherokee{{cite book\|last=Uchihara\|first=Hiroto\|title=Tone and Accent in Oklahoma Cherokee\|date=2016\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=New York\|isbn=978-0-19-873944-9\|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/tone-and-accent-in-oklahoma-cherokee-9780198739449?cc=mx&lang=en&}}	{{lang\|chr-Cher\|ᏣᎳᎩ}} {{lang\|chr-Latn\|tsalagi}}	{{IPA\|[t͡salaɡi]}}	'Cherokee'
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}}	{{lang\|da\|to}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̺ʰoːˀ]}}	'two'	The fricative component is apical.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} In some accents, it is realized as {{IPA\|[tʰ]}}.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} Usually transcribed {{IPA\|/tˢ/}} or {{IPA\|/t/}}. Contrasts with the unaspirated stop {{IPAblink\|t}}, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d̥/}} or {{IPA\|/d/}}. See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dargwa	{{lang\|dar-Cyrl\|цадеш}} / {{lang\|dar-Latn\|ꞩadeş}} / {{lang\|dar-Arab\|ڝادەش}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sadeʃ]}}	'unity, oneness'
Dutch	Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}	mat	{{IPA\|[ˈmät͡s]}}	'market'	Optional pre-pausal allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}} See Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology
rowspan="8" \|English	Broad Cockney{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=322–323}}	rowspan="7" \| tea	{{IPA\|[ˈt͡səˑi̯]}}	rowspan="7" \| 'tea'	rowspan=2 \| Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=323}}{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=172}} See English phonology
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=172}}	rowspan=3 \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡sɪˑi̯]}}
New York{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}	Possible syllable-initial and sometimes also utterance-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}} See English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer et al.\|2007\|p=100}}	Word-initial allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer et al.\|2007\|p=100}} See English phonology
North Wales{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|pp=108–109}}	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡siː]}}	Word-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop {{IPA\|[tʰ]}}.{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|pp=108–109}} See English phonology
Port Talbot{{Cite book \|last=Connolly \|first=John H. \|title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change \|publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd.; Channel View Publications \|year=1990 \|isbn=1-85359-032-0 \|pages=121–129 \|language=en}} \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}. In free variation with {{IPA\|[tʰʰ]}}.
Scouse{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=372}}	Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=372}} See English phonology
General South African{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=194}}	wanting	{{IPA\|[ˈwɑnt͡sɪŋ]}}	'wanting'	Possible syllable-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=194}}
colspan="2" \|Esperanto \| cico \| {{IPA\|['t͡sit͡so]}} \| 'nipple' \| See Esperanto phonology
colspan="2" \| Filipino	{{lang\|fil\|tsokolate}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sokɔlate]}}	'chocolate'
French	Quebec	tu	{{IPA\|[t͡sy]}}	'you'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/i, y/}}.
colspan=2\| Georgian{{sfnp\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|p=255}}	{{lang\|ka\|კაცი}}/k'atsi	{{IPA\|[kʼɑt͡si]}}	'man'
colspan="2" \| Haida	x̱ants	{{IPA\|[ʜʌnt͡s]}}	'shadow'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}}.{{cite book \|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED162532 \|title = ERIC - ED162532 - Haida Dictionary., 1977\| year=1977 \| publisher=SPHLL, c/o Mrs }}
colspan=2\| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|Zuch}}	{{IPA\|[t͡suχ]}}	'train'	See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Marathi \| चमचा/tsamtsā \| {{IPA\|['t͡səmt͡saː]}} \| 'spoon' \| Represented by /च/, which also represents {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}}. It is not a marked difference.
colspan="2" \|Nepali \| {{Lang\|Ne\| चाप}}/tsāp \| {{IPA\|[t͡säp]}} \| 'pressure' \| Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by /च/. The aspirated sound is represented by /छ/. See Nepali phonology
rowspan=3\| Portuguese	European{{cite web\|url=http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/7992/000564044.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Palatalization of dental occlusives /t/ and /d/ in the bilingual communities of Taquara and Panambi, RS\|author=Alice Telles de Paula\|page=14\|lang=pt}}	{{lang\|pt\|parte sem vida}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ˈpaɾt͡sẽj ˈviðɐ]}}}}	'lifeless part'	rowspan=2\| Allophone of {{IPAslink\|t̪\|t}} before {{IPA\|/i, ĩ/}}, or assimilation due to the deletion of {{IPA\|/i ~ ɨ ~ e/}}. Increasingly used in Brazil.{{cite web\|url=http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/1843/ALDR-6VTKAM/disserta__o_pdf_camila.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Seqüências de (oclusiva alveolar + sibilante alveolar) como um padrão inovador no português de Belo Horizonte\|author=Camila Tavares Leite\|lang=pt\|access-date=2014-12-12\|archive-date=2016-03-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041634/http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/1843/ALDR-6VTKAM/disserta__o_pdf_camila.pdf?sequence=1\|url-status=dead}}
Brazilian	{{lang\|pt-BR\|participação}}	{{IPA\|[paʁt͡sipaˈsɐ̃w̃]}}	'participation'
Most speakers{{cite web\|url=http://base.repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/93952/assis_abg_me_arafcl.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Adaptações fonológicas na pronúncia de estrangeirismos do Inglês por falantes de Português Brasileiro\|author=Ana Beatriz Gonçalves de Assis\|lang=pt\|access-date=2014-12-12\|archive-date=2014-12-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213031749/http://base.repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/93952/assis_abg_me_arafcl.pdf?sequence=1\|url-status=dead}}	{{lang\|pt\|shiatsu}}	{{IPA\|[ɕiˈat͡su]}}	'shiatsu'	Marginal sound. Many Brazilians might break the affricate with epenthetic {{IPA\|[i]}}, often subsequently palatalizing {{IPA\|/t/}}, specially in pre-tonic contexts (e.g. {{lang\|pt\|tsunami}} {{IPA\|[tɕisuˈnɜ̃mʲi]}}).{{cite web\|url=http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/letronica/article/download/5546/7072\|title=A influência da percepção inferencial na formação de vogal epentética em estrangeirismos\|author=Aline Aver Vanin\|lang=pt}} See Portuguese phonology
rowspan="4" \| Spanish	Madrid{{cite web\|title=Castilian Spanish – Madrid\|author=Klaus Kohler\|url=http://www.ipds.uni-kiel.de/kjk/pub_exx/kk2009_4/spanish/spa_madrid.html}}	rowspan=2\| {{lang\|es\|ancha}}	rowspan=2\| {{IPA\|[ˈänʲt͡sʲä]}}	rowspan=2\| 'wide'	rowspan=3\| Palatalized; with an apical fricative component. It corresponds to {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}} in standard Spanish. See Spanish phonology
Chilean
Some Rioplatense dialects	{{lang\|es\|tía}}	{{IPA\|['t͡siä]}}	'aunt'
Some Venezuelan dialects \|{{Lang\|es\|zorro}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈ t͡so̞ro̞]}} \|'fox' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/s/}} word initially.
Tamil \| Jaffna Tamil \| {{lang\|sq\|சந்தை}}/cantai \| {{IPA\|[t͡sɐn̪d̪ɛi̯]}} \| 'market' \| Rare, other realizations include {{IPA\|[t͡ʃ, ʃ, s]}}.{{cite book \|first=Kamil \|last=Zvelebil \|title=Some features of Ceylon Tamil \|series=Indo-Iranian Journal \|year=1965 \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=113–138 \|publisher=JSTOR \|jstor=24650188 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24650188 }}
colspan=2\| Telugu \| {{lang\|te\|ౘట్టి}}/ĉaṭṭi \| {{IPA\|[t͡sɐʈʈi]}} \| 'pot' \|

Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate

|ipa symbol=tɹ̝̊

|ipa symbol2=tθ̠

|ipa symbol3=tθ͇

}}

=Features=

=Occurrence=

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Dutch	Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}	{{lang\|nl\|verbèganger}}	{{IPA\|[vərˈbɛːɣäŋət͡ɹ̝̊]}}	'passer-by'	A possible realization of word-final {{IPA\|/r/}} before pauses.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}
rowspan=2 \| English	General American{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}}	rowspan=2 \| tree	rowspan=2 \| {{Audio-IPA\|tree-pronunciation-audio-garp.ogg\|[t͡ɹ̝̊ʷɪi̯]\|help=no}}	rowspan=2 \| 'tree'	rowspan=2 \| Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence {{IPA\|/tr/}}; more commonly postalveolar {{IPAblink\|t̠ɹ̠̊˔}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}} See English phonology
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}}
Italian	Sicily{{sfnp\|Canepari\|1992\|p=64}}	{{lang\|it\|straniero}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[st͡ɹ̝̊äˈnjɛɾo]}}}}	'foreign'	Apical. Regional realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/tr/}}; may be a sequence {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|t}}{{IPAplink\|ɹ̝̊}}]}} or {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|t}}{{IPAplink\|ɹ̝}}]}} instead.{{sfnp\|Canepari\|1992\|pp=64–65}} See Italian phonology

Notes

References

{{Cite journal |last1=Bauer |first1=Laurie |last2=Warren |first2=Paul |last3=Bardsley |first3=Dianne |last4=Kennedy |first4=Marianna |last5=Major |first5=George |year=2007 |title=New Zealand English |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282778721 |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=97–102 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002830 |doi-access=free }}
{{cite book |last=Canepari |first=Luciano |title=Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana |year=1992 |trans-title=Handbook of Italian Pronunciation |place=Bologna |publisher=Zanichelli |language=it |isbn=88-08-24624-8}}
{{cite book |last=Chew |first=Peter A. |title=A computational phonology of Russian |year=2003 |publisher=Dissertation.com |isbn=978-1-58112-178-0}}
{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Beverley |title=Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students |year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faVJTQIw9eQC |edition=3rd |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-50650-2 |last2=Mees |first2=Inger M. |orig-year=First published 2003 }}
{{cite book |last=Cruttenden |first=Alan |title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English |year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ |edition=8th |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781444183092 }}
{{cite journal |last1=Gilles |first1=Peter |title=Luxembourgish |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=67–74 |year=2013 |doi=10.1017/S0025100312000278 |last2=Trouvain |first2=Jürgen |doi-access=free }}
{{cite book |last=Grønnum |first=Nina |title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ |edition=3rd |place=Copenhagen |publisher=Akademisk Forlag |isbn=87-500-3865-6 }}
{{cite journal |last1=Hualde |first1=José Ignacio |title=Goizueta Basque |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=113–127 |year=2010 |url=http://prosody.beckman.illinois.edu/jihualde/objects/pubs/Hualde-Lujanbio-Zubiri.pdf |doi=10.1017/S0025100309990260 |last2=Lujanbio |first2=Oihana |last3=Zubiri |first3=Juan Joxe |doi-access=free }}
{{cite book |last=Jacobson |first=Steven |title=A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language |year=1995 |place=Fairbanks |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |isbn=978-1-55500-050-9}}
{{cite book |last=Kara |first=Dávid Somfai |title=Kazak |year=2002 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=9783895864704}}
{{cite book |last=Kara |first=Dávid Somfai |title=Kyrgyz |year=2003 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=3895868434}}
{{cite book |last=Kordić |first=Snježana |title=Serbo-Croatian |year=2006 |series=Languages of the World/Materials |volume=148 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=3-89586-161-8 |author-link=Snježana Kordić}}
{{cite book |last=Kozintseva |first=Natalia |title=Modern Eastern Armenian |year=1995 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=3895860352}}
{{SOWL}}
{{cite book |last1=Landau |first1=Ernestina |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |pages=66–69 |year=1999 |chapter=Croatian |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-65236-7 |last2=Lončarić |first2=Mijo |last3=Horga |first3=Damir |last4=Škarić |first4=Ivo}}
{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Wai-Sum |title=Standard Chinese (Beijing) |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=109–112 |year=2003 |doi=10.1017/S0025100303001208 |last2=Zee |first2=Eric |doi-access=free}}
{{cite thesis |last=Lewis, Jr. |first=Robert Eugene |title=Complementizer Agreement in Najdi Arabic |year=2013 |url=http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/12235/Lewis_ku_0099M_12920_DATA_1.pdf |degree=MA |publisher=University of Kansas }}
{{cite book |last=Lin |first=Hua |title=A Grammar of Mandarin Chinese |year=2001 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=3-89586-642-3}}
{{cite book |last=Lunt |first=Horace G. |title=Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language |year=1952 |place=Skopje |oclc=5137976}}
{{cite book |last=Mangold |first=Max |title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch |year=2005 |edition=6th |place=Mannheim |publisher=Dudenverlag |isbn=978-3-411-04066-7 |author-link=Max Mangold |orig-year=First published 1962}}
{{cite book |last=Nau |first=Nicole |title=Latvian |year=1998 |publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=3-89586-228-2}}
{{Citation |last=Padluzhny |first=Ped |title=Fanetyka belaruskai litaraturnai movy |year=1989 |publisher=Навука і тэхніка |isbn=5-343-00292-7}}
{{Citation |last=Palková |first=Zdena |title=Fonetika a fonologie češtiny |year=1994 |publisher=Karolinum |isbn=978-8070668436}}
{{cite book |last=Penhallurick |first=Robert |title=A handbook of varieties of English |volume=1: Phonology |pages=98–112 |year=2004 |editor-last1=Schneider |editor-first1=Edgar W. |editor-last2=Burridge |editor-first2=Kate |editor-last3=Kortmann |editor-first3=Bernd |editor-last4=Mesthrie |editor-first4=Rajend |editor-last5=Upton |editor-first5=Clive |chapter=Welsh English: phonology |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn=3-11-017532-0}}
{{cite journal |last=Peters |first=Jörg |title=The Flemish–Brabant dialect of Orsmaal–Gussenhoven |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=239–246 |year=2010 |url=https://osf.io/rqyk9/download |doi=10.1017/S0025100310000083 |doi-access=free }}
{{cite book |last1=Pretnar |first1=Tone |title=Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego |year=1980 |place=Katowice |publisher=Uniwersytet Śląski |last2=Tokarz |first2=Emil |oclc=749222348}}
{{cite book |last1=Puppel |first1=Stanisław |title=A handbook of Polish pronunciation for English learners |year=1977 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izVHAAAAIAAJ |place=Warszawa |publisher=Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe |isbn=9788301012885 |last2=Nawrocka-Fisiak |first2=Jadwiga |last3=Krassowska |first3=Halina }}
{{cite journal |last1=Recasens |first1=Daniel |title=An electropalatographic and acoustic study of affricates and fricatives in two Catalan dialects |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=143–172 |year=2007 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002829 |s2cid=14275190 |last2=Espinosa |first2=Aina}}
{{cite book |last=Rocławski |first=Bronisław |title=Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego |year=1976 |place=Gdańsk |publisher=Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego |oclc=4461438}}
{{cite journal |last1=Shosted |first1=Ryan K. |title=Standard Georgian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=255–264 |year=2006 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002659 |last2=Chikovani |first2=Vakhtang |doi-access=free }}
{{cite book |last=Sjoberg |first=Andrée F. |title=Uzbek Structural Grammar |volume=18 |year=1963 |series=Uralic and Altaic Series |place=Bloomington |publisher=Indiana University}}
{{cite book |last=Šewc-Schuster |first=Hinc |title=Gramatika hornjo-serbskeje rěče |year=1984 |place=Budyšin |publisher=Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina |edition=2nd |oclc=1022846408}}
{{cite book |last=Szende |first=Tamás |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |pages=104–107 |year=1999 |chapter=Hungarian |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-65236-7}}
{{Accents of English|hide1=y}}

External links

{{phoible|ts}}

Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Affricates

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Central consonants

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Armenian	Eastern{{sfnp\|Kozintseva\|1995\|p=6}}	{{lang\|hy\|ցանց}}/canc \| {{Audio-IPA\|tsʰɑntsʰ.ogg\|[t̻͡s̪ʰan̪t̻͡s̪ʰ]\|help=no}}	'net'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms
colspan=2\| Basque{{Harvcoltxt\|Hualde\|Lujanbio\|Zubiri\|2010\|p=1}}. Although this paper discusses mainly the Goizueta dialect, the authors state that it has "a typical, conservative consonant inventory for a Basque variety".	{{lang\|eu\|hotz}}	{{IPA\|[o̞t̻͡s̪]}}	'cold'	Contrasts with a sibilant affricate with an apical fricative component.
colspan=2\| Belarusian{{sfnp\|Padluzhny\|1989\|pp=48-49}}	{{lang\|be\|цётка}}/cötka	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪ʲɵtka]}}	'aunt'	Contrasting palatalization. See Belarusian phonology
colspan=2\| Bulgarian{{sfnp\|Chew\|2003\|p=67}}	{{lang\|bg\|цар}}/car	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪är]}}	'Tsar'	See Bulgarian phonology
rowspan=2\| Chinese	Mandarin{{sfnp\|Lee\|Zee\|2003\|pp=109–110}}{{sfnp\|Lin\|2001\|pp=17–25}}	{{lang\|zh\|早餐}}{{\}}{{tlit\|zh\|zǎo cān}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɑʊ˨˩ t̻͡s̪ʰan˥]}}}}	'breakfast'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Chinese phonology
Cantonese	{{lang\|zh\|早餐}}{{\}}{{tlit\|yue\|zou2 caan1}}	{{IPA\|/t͡sou˧˥ t͡sʰaːn˥/}}	'breakfast'	See Cantonese phonology
colspan=2\| Czech{{sfnp\|Palková\|1994\|pp=234–235}}	{{lang\|cs\|co}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪o̝]}}	'what'	See Czech phonology
colspan=2\| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1999\|p=104}}	{{lang\|hu\|cica}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪it̻͡s̪ɒ]}}	'kitten'	See Hungarian phonology
rowspan=2 colspan=2\| Japanese	{{lang\|ja\|津波}}{{\}}tsunami	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɯ̟ᵝnämʲi]}}}}	'Tsunami'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/u/}}. See Japanese phonology
{{lang\|ja\|モッツァレラ}}/mottsarera	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[mo̞t̻t̻͡s̪äɾe̞ɾä]}}}}	'mozzarella'	May appear before other vowels in loanwords. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \|Kashmiri \|ژاس/cás \|{{IPA\|[t͡saːs]}} \|'cough' \|
colspan=2\| Kashubian{{cite web\|title=Fonetyka i fonologia\|author=Jerzy Treder\|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26\|archive-date=2016-03-04}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}
colspan=2\| Kazakh{{sfnp\|Kara\|2002\|p=10}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|kk\|инвестиция}}/investitsiya	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[investit̻͡s̪əja]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'price'	rowspan="2" \| Only in loanwords from Russian{{sfnp\|Kara\|2002\|p=10}}{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}} See Kazakh phonology and Kyrgyz phonology
colspan=2\| Kyrgyz{{sfnp\|Kara\|2003\|p=11}}
colspan=2\| Latvian{{sfnp\|Nau\|1998\|p=6}}	{{lang\|lv\|cena}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪en̪ä]}}	'price'	See Latvian phonology
colspan=2\| Macedonian{{sfnp\|Lunt\|1952\|p=1}}	{{lang\|mk\|цвет}}/cvet	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ve̞t̪]}}	'flower'	See Macedonian phonology
colspan=2\| Pashto	{{lang\|pa\|څــلور}}/cëlor	{{IPA\|[ˌt͡səˈlor]}}	'four'	See Pashto phonology
colspan=2\| Polish{{sfnp\|Rocławski\|1976\|pp=160}}	{{lang\|pl\|co}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-co?.ogg\|[t̻͡s̪ɔ]}}	'what'	See Polish phonology
colspan=2\| Romanian{{cite web\|author=Ovidiu Drăghici\|title=Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie\|url=http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/litere/idd/cursuri/an_1/limba_rom_cont/lrc_an1_draghici.pdf\|access-date=April 19, 2013}}{{dead link\|date=December 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}	{{lang\|ro\|preț}}	{{IPA\|[pre̞t̻͡s̪]}}	'price'	See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Russian{{sfnp\|Chew\|2003\|p=67}}	{{lang\|ru\|царь}}/caŕ	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ärʲ]}}	'Tsar'	See Russian phonology
colspan=2\| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp\|Kordić\|2006\|p=5}}{{sfnp\|Landau\|Lončarić\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=66}}	{{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|циљ}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|cilj}} / ڄیڵ	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪îːʎ]}}	'target'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan=2\| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|cisár}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪isaːr]}}	'emperor'	See Slovak phonology
colspan=2\| Slovene{{sfnp\|Pretnar\|Tokarz\|1980\|p=21}}	{{lang\|sl\|cvet}}	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ʋêːt̪]}}	'bloom'	See Slovene phonology
colspan=2\| Tyap	{{lang\|kcg\|tsa\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sa]}}	'to begin'
colspan=2\| Ukrainian{{cite journal\|author1=S. Buk \|author2=J. Mačutek \|author3=A. Rovenchak \|year=2008\|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system\|journal=Glottometrics \|volume=16 \|pages=63–79 \|arxiv=0802.4198}}	{{lang\|uk\|цей}}/cej	{{IPA\|[t̻͡s̪ɛj]}}	'this one'	Contrasting palatalization. See Ukrainian phonology
colspan=2\| Upper Sorbian{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|pp=22, 38)}}	{{lang\|hsb\|cybla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̪ɘblä]}}	'onion'
colspan=2\| Uzbek{{sfnp\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=12}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Arabic	Najdi{{sfnp\|Lewis, Jr.\|2013\|p=5}}	{{lang\|ars\|ك‍‍لب}}/tsalb	{{IPA\|[t͡salb]}}	'dog'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/k/}} and {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}} in other dialects
rowspan="2" \| Asturian	Some dialects{{cite web\|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/normes.pdf\|title=Normes ortográfiques, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323072940/http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/normes.pdf \|archive-date=2013-03-23\|page=14\|lang=ast}}	{{lang\|ast\|otso}}	{{IPA\|[ˈot͡so]}}	'eight'	Corresponds to standard {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}}
Ḷḷena, Mieres, and others \| ḷḷuna \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡sunɐ]}} \| 'moon' \| Alveolar realization of che vaqueira instead of normal retroflex {{IPAblink\|ʈ͡ʂ}}
colspan=2\| Basque	{{lang\|eu\|hots}}	{{IPA\|[ot̻͡s̺]}}	'sound'	The fricative component is apical. Contrasts with a laminal affricate with a dentalized fricative component.
colspan=2\| Catalan{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Espinosa\|2007\|p=144}}	{{lang\|ca\|potser}}	{{IPA\|[puˈt̻͡s̺(ː)e]}}	'maybe'	The fricative component is apical. Only restricted to morpheme boundaries, some linguistics do not consider it a phoneme (but a sequence of {{IPA\|[t]}} + {{IPA\|[s]}}). Long and short versions of intervocalic affricates are in free variation in Central Catalan {{IPA\|[tsː]}} ~ {{IPA\|[ts]}}. See Catalan phonology
colspan=2\| Central Alaskan Yup'ik{{sfnp\|Jacobson\|1995\|p=2}}	{{lang\|esu\|cetaman}}	{{IPA\|[t͡səˈtaman]}}	'four'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}} before schwa
colspan=2\| Chamorro{{sfnp\|Chung\|2020\|p=645}}	{{lang\|ch\|CHamoru}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sɑˈmoːɾu]}}	'Chamorro'	Spelled {{lang\|ch\|Chamoru}} in the orthography used in the Northern Mariana Islands.
colspan="2" \| Chechen	{{lang\|ce-Cyrl\|цаца}} / {{lang\|ce-Latn\|caca}} / {{lang\|ce-Arab\|ر̤ار̤ا}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sət͡sə]}}	'sieve'
colspan=2\| Cherokee{{cite book\|last=Uchihara\|first=Hiroto\|title=Tone and Accent in Oklahoma Cherokee\|date=2016\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=New York\|isbn=978-0-19-873944-9\|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/tone-and-accent-in-oklahoma-cherokee-9780198739449?cc=mx&lang=en&}}	{{lang\|chr-Cher\|ᏣᎳᎩ}} {{lang\|chr-Latn\|tsalagi}}	{{IPA\|[t͡salaɡi]}}	'Cherokee'
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}}	{{lang\|da\|to}}	{{IPA\|[ˈt̻͡s̺ʰoːˀ]}}	'two'	The fricative component is apical.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} In some accents, it is realized as {{IPA\|[tʰ]}}.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|2005\|p=120}} Usually transcribed {{IPA\|/tˢ/}} or {{IPA\|/t/}}. Contrasts with the unaspirated stop {{IPAblink\|t}}, which is usually transcribed {{IPA\|/d̥/}} or {{IPA\|/d/}}. See Danish phonology
colspan="2" \| Dargwa	{{lang\|dar-Cyrl\|цадеш}} / {{lang\|dar-Latn\|ꞩadeş}} / {{lang\|dar-Arab\|ڝادەش}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sadeʃ]}}	'unity, oneness'
Dutch	Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}	mat	{{IPA\|[ˈmät͡s]}}	'market'	Optional pre-pausal allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}} See Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology
rowspan="8" \|English	Broad Cockney{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=322–323}}	rowspan="7" \| tea	{{IPA\|[ˈt͡səˑi̯]}}	rowspan="7" \| 'tea'	rowspan=2 \| Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=323}}{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=172}} See English phonology
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=172}}	rowspan=3 \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡sɪˑi̯]}}
New York{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}}	Possible syllable-initial and sometimes also utterance-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=515}} See English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer et al.\|2007\|p=100}}	Word-initial allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer et al.\|2007\|p=100}} See English phonology
North Wales{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|pp=108–109}}	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ˈt͡siː]}}	Word-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop {{IPA\|[tʰ]}}.{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|pp=108–109}} See English phonology
Port Talbot{{Cite book \|last=Connolly \|first=John H. \|title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change \|publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd.; Channel View Publications \|year=1990 \|isbn=1-85359-032-0 \|pages=121–129 \|language=en}} \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}. In free variation with {{IPA\|[tʰʰ]}}.
Scouse{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=372}}	Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=372}} See English phonology
General South African{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=194}}	wanting	{{IPA\|[ˈwɑnt͡sɪŋ]}}	'wanting'	Possible syllable-final allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=194}}
colspan="2" \|Esperanto \| cico \| {{IPA\|['t͡sit͡so]}} \| 'nipple' \| See Esperanto phonology
colspan="2" \| Filipino	{{lang\|fil\|tsokolate}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sokɔlate]}}	'chocolate'
French	Quebec	tu	{{IPA\|[t͡sy]}}	'you'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t/}} before {{IPA\|/i, y/}}.
colspan=2\| Georgian{{sfnp\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|p=255}}	{{lang\|ka\|კაცი}}/k'atsi	{{IPA\|[kʼɑt͡si]}}	'man'
colspan="2" \| Haida	x̱ants	{{IPA\|[ʜʌnt͡s]}}	'shadow'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/t͡ʃ/}}.{{cite book \|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED162532 \|title = ERIC - ED162532 - Haida Dictionary., 1977\| year=1977 \| publisher=SPHLL, c/o Mrs }}
colspan=2\| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|Zuch}}	{{IPA\|[t͡suχ]}}	'train'	See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Marathi \| चमचा/tsamtsā \| {{IPA\|['t͡səmt͡saː]}} \| 'spoon' \| Represented by /च/, which also represents {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}}. It is not a marked difference.
colspan="2" \|Nepali \| {{Lang\|Ne\| चाप}}/tsāp \| {{IPA\|[t͡säp]}} \| 'pressure' \| Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by /च/. The aspirated sound is represented by /छ/. See Nepali phonology
rowspan=3\| Portuguese	European{{cite web\|url=http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/7992/000564044.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Palatalization of dental occlusives /t/ and /d/ in the bilingual communities of Taquara and Panambi, RS\|author=Alice Telles de Paula\|page=14\|lang=pt}}	{{lang\|pt\|parte sem vida}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[ˈpaɾt͡sẽj ˈviðɐ]}}}}	'lifeless part'	rowspan=2\| Allophone of {{IPAslink\|t̪\|t}} before {{IPA\|/i, ĩ/}}, or assimilation due to the deletion of {{IPA\|/i ~ ɨ ~ e/}}. Increasingly used in Brazil.{{cite web\|url=http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/1843/ALDR-6VTKAM/disserta__o_pdf_camila.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Seqüências de (oclusiva alveolar + sibilante alveolar) como um padrão inovador no português de Belo Horizonte\|author=Camila Tavares Leite\|lang=pt\|access-date=2014-12-12\|archive-date=2016-03-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041634/http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/1843/ALDR-6VTKAM/disserta__o_pdf_camila.pdf?sequence=1\|url-status=dead}}
Brazilian	{{lang\|pt-BR\|participação}}	{{IPA\|[paʁt͡sipaˈsɐ̃w̃]}}	'participation'
Most speakers{{cite web\|url=http://base.repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/93952/assis_abg_me_arafcl.pdf?sequence=1\|title=Adaptações fonológicas na pronúncia de estrangeirismos do Inglês por falantes de Português Brasileiro\|author=Ana Beatriz Gonçalves de Assis\|lang=pt\|access-date=2014-12-12\|archive-date=2014-12-13\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213031749/http://base.repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/93952/assis_abg_me_arafcl.pdf?sequence=1\|url-status=dead}}	{{lang\|pt\|shiatsu}}	{{IPA\|[ɕiˈat͡su]}}	'shiatsu'	Marginal sound. Many Brazilians might break the affricate with epenthetic {{IPA\|[i]}}, often subsequently palatalizing {{IPA\|/t/}}, specially in pre-tonic contexts (e.g. {{lang\|pt\|tsunami}} {{IPA\|[tɕisuˈnɜ̃mʲi]}}).{{cite web\|url=http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/letronica/article/download/5546/7072\|title=A influência da percepção inferencial na formação de vogal epentética em estrangeirismos\|author=Aline Aver Vanin\|lang=pt}} See Portuguese phonology
rowspan="4" \| Spanish	Madrid{{cite web\|title=Castilian Spanish – Madrid\|author=Klaus Kohler\|url=http://www.ipds.uni-kiel.de/kjk/pub_exx/kk2009_4/spanish/spa_madrid.html}}	rowspan=2\| {{lang\|es\|ancha}}	rowspan=2\| {{IPA\|[ˈänʲt͡sʲä]}}	rowspan=2\| 'wide'	rowspan=3\| Palatalized; with an apical fricative component. It corresponds to {{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}} in standard Spanish. See Spanish phonology
Chilean
Some Rioplatense dialects	{{lang\|es\|tía}}	{{IPA\|['t͡siä]}}	'aunt'
Some Venezuelan dialects \|{{Lang\|es\|zorro}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈ t͡so̞ro̞]}} \|'fox' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/s/}} word initially.
Tamil \| Jaffna Tamil \| {{lang\|sq\|சந்தை}}/cantai \| {{IPA\|[t͡sɐn̪d̪ɛi̯]}} \| 'market' \| Rare, other realizations include {{IPA\|[t͡ʃ, ʃ, s]}}.{{cite book \|first=Kamil \|last=Zvelebil \|title=Some features of Ceylon Tamil \|series=Indo-Iranian Journal \|year=1965 \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=113–138 \|publisher=JSTOR \|jstor=24650188 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24650188 }}
colspan=2\| Telugu \| {{lang\|te\|ౘట్టి}}/ĉaṭṭi \| {{IPA\|[t͡sɐʈʈi]}} \| 'pot' \|

class="wikitable" !colspan=2\| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Dutch	Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}	{{lang\|nl\|verbèganger}}	{{IPA\|[vərˈbɛːɣäŋət͡ɹ̝̊]}}	'passer-by'	A possible realization of word-final {{IPA\|/r/}} before pauses.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2010\|p=240}}
rowspan=2 \| English	General American{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}}	rowspan=2 \| tree	rowspan=2 \| {{Audio-IPA\|tree-pronunciation-audio-garp.ogg\|[t͡ɹ̝̊ʷɪi̯]\|help=no}}	rowspan=2 \| 'tree'	rowspan=2 \| Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence {{IPA\|/tr/}}; more commonly postalveolar {{IPAblink\|t̠ɹ̠̊˔}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}} See English phonology
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=177, 186–188, 192}}
Italian	Sicily{{sfnp\|Canepari\|1992\|p=64}}	{{lang\|it\|straniero}}	{{nowrap\|{{IPA\|[st͡ɹ̝̊äˈnjɛɾo]}}}}	'foreign'	Apical. Regional realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/tr/}}; may be a sequence {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|t}}{{IPAplink\|ɹ̝̊}}]}} or {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|t}}{{IPAplink\|ɹ̝}}]}} instead.{{sfnp\|Canepari\|1992\|pp=64–65}} See Italian phonology

Voiceless alveolar affricate#Non-retracted alveolar

Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate

=Features=

= Occurrence =

== Variable ==

== Dentalized laminal alveolar ==

== Non-retracted alveolar ==

Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate

=Features=

=Occurrence=

See also

Notes

References

External links