electricity sector in Denmark

{{Expand section|While wind power has been highlighted as a significant contributor, it's important to acknowledge other sources contributing to the electricity mix|date=March 2024}}

Denmark invested in the wind power development in the 1970s and has had the highest wind share in the world ever since; wind produced the equivalent of 42% of Denmark's total electricity consumption in 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/climate-environment/denmark-breaks-its-own-world-record-wind-energy-321002|title=Denmark breaks its own world record in wind energy|work=EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages}}{{cite web|url=http://energinet.dk/EN/El/Nyheder/Sider/Dansk-vindstroem-slaar-igen-rekord-42-procent.aspx|title=New record-breaking year for Danish wind power|publisher=Energinet.dk|date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125083857/http://energinet.dk/EN/El/Nyheder/Sider/Dansk-vindstroem-slaar-igen-rekord-42-procent.aspx|archivedate=25 January 2016}} Danish consumption of wind turbine generated electricity is the highest in the world per person: 1,218 kWh in 2009. Denmark produced more wind power per person in Denmark in 2009 than either Spain or the UK produced nuclear power per person in their respective countries.

In 2022, Denmark led all International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries in wind energy utilization for electricity generation, holding a 54% share, notably above the IEA average of 13%. The country's dedication to wind power, coupled with the expansion of other renewable energies, significantly reduced the carbon intensity of its electricity production to 92 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour (g CO2/kWh).

In 2022, Denmark generated 34 TWh of electricity with coal. Over the preceding decade, there was a significant change in the composition of its electricity generation, with the share of coal decreasing from 43% to 13%.

Over the last twenty years, Denmark has seen a significant reduction in natural gas production, declining from 30% in 2005 to 13% in 2022. In parallel, the utilization of natural gas for electricity generation has dropped from 24% to 3%, and its contribution to the Total Energy Supply (TES) has decreased from 23% to 9%.

In 2022, oil made up 37% of Denmark's TES, aligning with the International Energy Agency's (IEA) average of 35%. The share of oil in Denmark's energy supply has been consistent over the past decade. Although it represents a notable portion of the overall energy mix, oil's contribution to electricity generation has been minimal since 2005, contributing less than 0.9% to the country's total electricity production in 2022.

{{ external media

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| image1 =[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/d/d6/Electricity_prices_for_non-household_consumers%2C_first_half_2019_%28EUR_per_kWh%29.png EU industry electricity prices]

| image2 =[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/3/34/Electricity_prices_for_household_consumers%2C_first_half_2019_%28EUR_per_kWh%29F1.png EU household electricity prices]

| image3 =[https://energinet.dk/-/media/DB6F74B261884B5E96569176B383783A.PNG?la=da&hash=1A32B3A6A514282C61FCCB7A19C292428A7B5697 Composition of consumer price, 2005-2019]

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According to Nordel annual statistics Denmark's total electricity consumption totaled 36,392 GWh in 2006. Consumption increased about 3% in the period from 2001 to 2006 (in the same time-frame Sweden saw a 3% reduction, Norway a 2% reduction and Finland a 10% increase).

[http://www.kkv.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/nordiska/Capacity_for_competition.pdf Capacity for Competition, Investing for an Efficient Nordic Electricity Market Report] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101126051717/http://www.kkv.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/nordiska/Capacity_for_competition.pdf |date=2010-11-26 }}, The Nordic competition authorities 1/2007; Capacity and electricity consumption page 58

{{As of | 2009}} Danish consumption of wind-generated electricity topped the world per person: 1,218 kWh. The renewable electricity-sources may give some protection against high annual changes.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} Electricity consumption fell in Denmark only 4% in the Great Recession (while falling 7.1% in Sweden, 7.9% in Finland and 8.6% in the UK; in Iceland consumption fell only 0.9%). Danish average consumption of electricity per person was 0.8 MWh less than the EU 15 average of 7.4 MWh in 2008.Energy in Sweden, Facts and figures 2009 and 2010 [http://213.115.22.116/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=/Broschyrer&id=d65d018c86434ed2ae31baeba2456872 2009 T25] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110120075104/http://213.115.22.116/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=%2FBroschyrer&id=d65d018c86434ed2ae31baeba2456872 |date=January 20, 2011 }} and [http://webbshop.cm.se/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=/Broschyrer&id=e0a2619a83294099a16519a0b5edd26f 2010 T49] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131016045634/http://webbshop.cm.se/System/TemplateView.aspx?p=Energimyndigheten&view=default&cat=%2FBroschyrer&id=e0a2619a83294099a16519a0b5edd26f |date=October 16, 2013 }}

{{Pie chart

| thumb = right

| caption = How price of consumer electricity is composed in Denmark, 2015

| other =

| label1 =Raw Cost

| value1 =32

| color1 =yellow

| label2 =PSO for cleaner energy

| value2 =9

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| label3 =Tolls and VAT

| value3 =59

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In 2019, Danish industry paid around 8 eurocent/kWh for the electricity cost, less than the EU average of 12 c.[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/d/d9/Electricity_prices%2C_first_semester_of_2017-2019_%28EUR_per_kWh%29.png Electricity prices%2C first semester of 2017-2019]

In 2014, Danish industry paid around 32øre/kWh for the electricity cost, about EU average. Denmark has average electricity costs (including consumer-paid incentives (PSO); costs for cleaner energy) in EU,[http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/energistyrelsen/Nyheder/2015/notat_elprismetode_30062015_web.pdf Forbedring af den nationale elprisstatistik for erhverv] page 7. Danish Energy Agency[http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Electricity_price_statistics#Electricity_prices_for_industrial_consumers Electricity prices for industrial consumers] Eurostat, October 2015[http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/a/ad/Halfyearly_electricity_prices_%28EUR_kWh%29.png Electricity prices (table)] Eurostat, October 2015 but taxes increase the consumer price to the highest in Europe[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics#Electricity_prices_for_household_consumers Electricity price statistics] EuroStat, November 2019. at around EUR 0.30/kWh.

PSO is used for wind, biomass, solar, and district heating; total PSO was DKK 5.8 billion in 2013, of which DKK 3.2 billion went to wind power."[http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/energistyrelsen/Nyheder/2014/pso-fremskrivning_2014_19052014.pdf Fremskrivning af PSO-udgifter]" page 6+17. Danish Energy Agency, 19 May 2014. Retrieved: 17 January 2015. In 2015, the cost of power was only 32% of the price, while PSO was 9%, and tolls and VAT the remaining 59%.[http://csr.dk/afgiftsstruktur-g%C3%B8r-el-langt-dyrere-end-olie Afgiftsstruktur gør el langt dyrere end olie] CSR.dk, 29 February 2016

As new data centers come online, Energinet.dk expects consumption to increase by 3.8 TWh in 2023 and by 13 TWh in 2040, compared to 2015.{{cite web|url= https://www.information.dk/indland/2017/01/nye-datacentre-staa-tredjedel-oeget-elforbrug-fremtiden-kan-komme-koste-klimaet-skatteyderne-dyrt |title=Nye datacentre vil stå for en tredjedel af øget elforbrug i fremtiden – og det kan komme til at koste klimaet og skatteyderne dyrt|work=Dagbladet Information |date=25 January 2017|accessdate=26 January 2017}}

Due to exchange with other countries, Danish consumption of electricity is different from its production.[http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Klimaogmiljo/Retningslinjer%20for%20udarbejdelsen%20af%20den%20generelle%20deklaration.pdf Retningslinjer for udarbejdelsen af den generelle deklaration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309015617/http://energinet.dk/sitecollectiondocuments/danske%20dokumenter/klimaogmiljo/retningslinjer%20for%20udarbejdelsen%20af%20den%20generelle%20deklaration.pdf |date=2016-03-09 }} page 10. Energinet.dk, 31 May 2011 The Environment declaration shows how the physical power is composed of different fuel sources. The General Declaration differs due to trade with green certificates, and does not show actual composition.[https://assets.dongenergy.com/DONGEnergyDocuments/dk/Generel%20deklaration%202014_1.pdf Generel deklaration 2014]{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} DONG Energy, 2015 Due to more wind in Denmark and more precipitation in Norway and Sweden, Danish electricity went from 1,216 kg {{CO2}} per household in 2014 to 808 kg in 2015 (182g/kWh in 2014).{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Klimaogmiljo/Udvikling%20i%20emissionen%20af%20CO2%20fra%201990%20til%202024.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316111409/https://energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Klimaogmiljo/Udvikling%20i%20emissionen%20af%20CO2%20fra%201990%20til%202024.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-16 |access-date=2019-11-10 |page=4}} Energinet.dk. "emissionen per kWh el er reduceret fra 440 g/kWh i 2005 til 182 g/kWh i 2014" 58% came from wind, water and sun, 19% from coal&lignite, and 4% from nuclear."[http://energinet.dk/DA/KLIMA-OG-MILJOE/Nyheder/Sider/Rekord-lav-CO2-udledning-fra-elforbrug-i-2015.aspx Rekord lav CO2-udledning fra elforbrug i 2015] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160320154019/http://www.energinet.dk/DA/KLIMA-OG-MILJOE/Nyheder/Sider/Rekord-lav-CO2-udledning-fra-elforbrug-i-2015.aspx |date=2016-03-20 }}" Energinet.dk, 1 March 2015.

In 2022, Denmark produced 35 Terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity and consumed 32 TWh. The industrial sector was the largest electricity consumer, at 36% of total consumption, followed closely by residential buildings at 31%, and the services sector buildings at 30%. The transport sector had the smallest share, at 2.9%.

{{ external media

|float=right

| image1 =[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-prod-source-stacked?country=~DNK Electricity production by source, 2000-2020]

| image3 =[https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Statistik/foer_efter.pdf Power supply map, 1985 and 2015]

}}

The total installed power capacity was 12.5 GW in 2001 and in the end of 2006 12.7 GW including 9.5 GW from natural gas, coal and oil and 3.1 GW wind power.

Denmark has almost no hydropower,Shahan, Zachary. [http://cleantechnica.com/2011/11/28/denmark-100-renewable-energy-2050-100-clean-electricity-2035/ Denmark Aiming for 100% Renewable Energy by 2050] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430190827/http://cleantechnica.com/2011/11/28/denmark-100-renewable-energy-2050-100-clean-electricity-2035/ |date=2012-04-30 }} CleanTechnica, 28 November 2011. Accessed: 29 November 2011. and no pumped storage.[http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-053532_QID_45E23831_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;UNIT,L,Z,0;PRODUCT,L,Z,1;INDIC_NRG,L,Z,2;INDICATORS,C,Z,3;&zSelection=DS-053532INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-053532PRODUCT,6000;DS-053532UNIT,GWH;DS-053532INDIC_NRG,16_107136;&rankName1=PRODUCT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=INDIC-NRG_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName5=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName6=GEO_1_2_0_1&pprRK=FIRST&pprSO=PROTOCOL&ppcRK=FIRST&ppcSO=ASC&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=NONE&time_most_recent=false&lang=DE&cfo=%23%23%23.%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23 Versorgung, Umwandlung, Verbrauch – Elektrizität] – jährliche Daten (nrg_105a), Zeitreihe Nettoerzeugung der Pumpspeicherkraftwerke von hauptsächlich als Energieerzeuger tätigen Unternehmen (INDIC_NRG 16_107136). Eurostat'', 2017. Retrieved February 2017. Denmark had the 6th best energy security in the world in 2014, although this includes non-electrical energy."[http://reports.weforum.org/global-energy-architecture-performance-index-2014/global-rankings/#view/fn-10 Global Rankings]", Accessed: 24 January 2016. Denmark has 1250 MW of methane-fueled distributed power plants supplying district heating. Their electricity production decreased to a third during the ten years from 2010 to 2019, but power capacity remained the same.{{cite web |last1=Boes |first1=Alexander Boye |title=Fuldlasttimer 2020 |url=https://www.danskfjernvarme.dk/groen-energi/analyser/201711-fuldlasttimer-2020 |website=www.danskfjernvarme.dk |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201129172843/https://www.danskfjernvarme.dk/groen-energi/analyser/201711-fuldlasttimer-2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |language=da |date=17 November 2020 |url-status=live}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20111128075017/http://energinet.dk/Flash/Forside/index.html Current power system data] are provided by Energinet.dk and [http://www.emd.dk/el/ EMD].

{{See also|List of power stations in Denmark|List of offshore wind farms in Denmark}}

Main power producing companies operating in the Danish market are Ørsted A/S and Vattenfall. The current market structure was designed in 2003–2006 by a number of mergers and transactions. In January 2003, Ørsted (then called DONG Energy) acquires a 64% share in the regional power company EnergiGruppen Jylland, which owned 3.1% of the electricity producer Elsam. At the same year Elsam acquired 78.8% of retail sales operator NESA and later took a full control of the company. At the same time, NESA owned 36% in other electricity producer Energy E2. In 2004, EnergiGruppen Jylland increased its stake in Elsam to 24% and on 10 December 2004 Ørsted and Elsam announce announced their planned merger. Ørsted increased its stake in Elsam to 64.7% while Swedish power producer Vattenfall had acquired a blocking stake of 35.3%.

In 2005, Ørsted purchased municipal utilities Københavns Energi and Frederiksberg Forsyning, including their 34% and 2.26% stakes in Energi E2. In May 2005, Ørsted and Vattenfall agreed split of assets in Elsam and Energi E2. Vattenfall received Amager Power Station, Fyn Power Station, Nordjylland Power Station, two decentralised gas-fired plants in Zealand, a portfolio of Danish and international wind activities, and a 30% stake in a German wind development for exchange of Vattenfall's 35% stake in Elsam and 40% stake in the Avedøre 2 Power Station. The agreement and merger of Ørsted, Elsam, NESA, Københavns Energi, and Frederiksberg Forsyning to form Ørsted Energy was approved by the European Commission in 2006 and consequently came into force on 2 July 2006.

{{cite web

| url= http://www.dongenergy.com/en/about%20us/history/pages/our%20milestones.aspx

| title= Our milestones

| publisher = Ørsted A/S

| accessdate=2011-02-19}}

Due to a reduction in PSO-money, combined heat and power plants receive an estimated DKK 2.5 billion less in 2019.{{cite web|url=http://www.danskfjernvarme.dk/nyheder/nyt-fra-dansk-fjernvarme/160317pso-usikkerhed-lukker-kraftvarmevaerker |title=PSO-usikkerhed lukker kraftvarmeværker|publisher= |date=17 March 2016|accessdate=26 March 2016}}

The Danish Council decided that the Danish producer Elsam (now Ørsted) abused its dominant position in Denmark to raise prices in the period 2003–2006.

Since 2006, Denmark has seen a steady decline in coal use for electricity generation, with demand dropping by 80% since 2005, notwithstanding a slight uptick in 2021. The country, lacking domestic coal production, has primarily relied on coal imports from Russia, South Africa, and Colombia. However, these imports have decreased by 90% since 2005. Reacting to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Denmark ceased all coal imports from Russia. The shift from coal is progressing, with an anticipated complete phase-out in heat and electricity production by 2028. Ørsted is set to end coal use in its co-generation plants by January 2023. Furthermore, the Fynsværket plant in Odense is moving to gas, while the Nordjyllandsværket plant in Aalborg is scheduled to shut down by 2028.

Over the past 15 years, Denmark has primarily been a net importer of electricity, except in 2006, 2007, and 2010 when it was a net exporter. The trend towards increased net imports commenced between 2013 and 2015, coinciding with the nation's phase-out of coal-fired power generation, and since then, net imports have remained steady at around 5 Terawatt-hours (TWh) annually through 2021. In 2022, Denmark exported 7.5 TWh of electricity to Germany and the Netherlands and imported 10 TWh from Norway and Sweden. Looking ahead, Denmark is anticipated to shift towards becoming a net exporter, facilitated by the expansion of interconnector capacities, the launch of the Viking Link—a 1,400 MW high-voltage direct current (DC) interconnector with the United Kingdom—and an increase in wind power generation.

File:Electrical Power Grid - Denmark.png

Denmark has two separate transmission systems, of which the eastern one is synchronous with Nordic (former NORDEL) and the western one with the synchronous grid of Continental Europe.Gellert, Bjarne Christian. [http://www.energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Generelt-om-elanlaeg/Sider/Elforbindelser-til-udlandet.aspx Electricity interconnections] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130209200636/http://www.energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Generelt-om-elanlaeg/Sider/Elforbindelser-til-udlandet.aspx |date=2013-02-09 }} Energinet.dk, 22 August 2011. Accessed: 6 December 2011. The 600 MW DC Great Belt Power Link connecting the two systems was commissioned in July 2010, started commercial operations in August 2010, and was inaugurated on 7 September 2010.{{cite press release

| url = http://www.energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Dronningen-satte-stikket-i-Den-elektriske-Storeb%C3%A6ltsforbindelse.aspx

| title = The Queen plugged in the Great Belt Power Link

| publisher = Energinet.dk

| date = 2010-09-14

| accessdate = 2010-10-28

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101106114530/http://www.energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Dronningen-satte-stikket-i-Den-elektriske-Storeb%C3%A6ltsforbindelse.aspx

| archive-date = 2010-11-06

| url-status = dead

}} The Little Belt cables are 400 kV AC at 1,100 MW[https://library.e.abb.com/public/689213765eef0d49c1257c0e00243c4f/Little%20belt%20brochure%202GM8001-gb%20korr3.pdf Little Belt Visual Enhancement Scheme], ABB and replaced overhead wires in 2013.{{cite web|url= http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/miljoe/hoejspaendingskabel-under-lillebaelt-indvies-i-dag |title=Højspændingskabel under Lillebælt indvies i dag|publisher=DR (broadcaster) |date=5 November 2013 |accessdate=11 March 2017}} Bornholm is connected to Scania in Sweden through a cable.

The Danish transmission system is owned and operated by Energinet.dk, which was created by a merger of power grid operators Eltra, Elkraft System and Elkraft Transmission, and by natural gas transmission system operator Gastra. The merger took place on 24 August 2005 with retrospective effect from 1 January 2005.{{cite web

| url = http://www.energinet.dk/EN/OM-OS/About-the-company/History/Sider/History.aspx

| title = History

| publisher = Energinet.dk

| accessdate = 2011-02-19

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110318034059/http://energinet.dk/EN/OM-OS/About-the-company/History/Sider/History.aspx

| archive-date = 2011-03-18

| url-status = dead

}} Eltra and Elkraft were communally owned by the respective region's distribution companies (Eltra west of the Great Belt and Elkraft east of it). The high-voltage transmission assets were transferred to the Danish State and later to Energinet.dk at no cost.{{Cite book

| title = Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Denmark. 2006 Review

| publisher = OECD/IEA

| year = 2006

| url = http://iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2006/denmark2006.pdf

| page = 25

| isbn = 92-64-10971-4

| access-date = 2011-02-19

| archive-date = 2011-07-26

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726171128/http://iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2006/denmark2006.pdf

| url-status = dead

}} Since 1997, Elkraft and Eltra operated as fully unbundled companies from the power generating companies.

{{Cite book

| title = Regulatory reform in Denmark

| publisher = OECD

| year = 2000

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KBjO_agVN1oC&pg=PA267

| page = 267

| isbn = 978-92-64-17665-2}}

{{asof|2014}}, nearly all low-voltage (<10 kV) power lines run as underground cables. For medium voltage around 50-60 kV 40% are buried, while 25% of high-voltage (132-400 kV) are ground cables.Wittrup, Sanne. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/saa-er-alle-de-mindre-luftledninger-lagt-i-jorden-173102 Så er alle de mindre luftledninger lagt i jorden]" Ingeniøren, 19 December 2014. Accessed: 21 December 2014. {{asof|2015}}, Denmark has about 2-3% transmission losses.[http://www.energinet.dk/DA/KLIMA-OG-MILJOE/Energinetdks-miljoepaavirkninger/Miljoepaavirkninger-ved-transport-af-el/Sider/Tab-i-elnettet.aspx Tab i elnettet] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160113113230/http://www.energinet.dk/DA/KLIMA-OG-MILJOE/Energinetdks-miljoepaavirkninger/Miljoepaavirkninger-ved-transport-af-el/Sider/Tab-i-elnettet.aspx |date=2016-01-13 }} Energinet.dk, 30 April 2015.

Denmark sits at an electricity crossroads between the larger electricity markets in Scandinavia and Germany, and facilitates power trade between these. In 2014, electricity generation was 592 TWh in Germany, 150 TWh in Sweden, 141 TWh in Norway, and 31 TWh in Denmark.{{cite web|url= http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Net_electricity_generation,_1990%E2%80%932014_(thousand_GWh)_YB16.png |title=Net electricity generation, 1990–2014 (thousand GWh) |publisher=EuroStat |accessdate=7 September 2016}}

Several direct current cables connect the two Danish systems to neighboring countries. The western Danish power grid is connected to Norway with 1,700 MW (Skagerrak) and Sweden with 740 MW (Konti–Skan). The 700 MW (COBRAcable) connects Jutland and the Netherlands,{{cite web

| url = http://www.tennet.org/english/projects/Cobra/index.aspx

| title = Planned electricity cable between the Netherlands and Denmark

| publisher = TenneT

| accessdate = 24 September 2010

}}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}Torben Glar Nielsen. "[http://energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Energinet-dk-har-godkendt-business-case-for-Cobra-kabel.aspx Energinet.dk has approved the business case for Cobra cable] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204012134/http://energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Energinet-dk-har-godkendt-business-case-for-Cobra-kabel.aspx |date=2014-02-04 }}" Energinet.dk, 13 January 2014. Accessed: 20 January 2014. and the 1,400 MW Viking Link is planned to connect Jutland and England.Torben Glar Nielsen. "[http://energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Danmark-vil-faa-milliardgevinst-af-elkabel-til-England-og-ny-ledning-til-Tyskland.aspx Denmark set to make billions from electricity interconnector between the UK and Denmark and new interconnection with Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319040549/http://energinet.dk/EN/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Nyheder/Sider/Danmark-vil-faa-milliardgevinst-af-elkabel-til-England-og-ny-ledning-til-Tyskland.aspx |date=2016-03-19 }}" Energinet.dk, 16 March 2016. Accessed: 16 March 2016.

Larger alternating current connections also exist; 1,780 MW between Germany and Jutland,Skødt, Torben. "[http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Generelt-om-elanlaeg/Sider/Elforbindelser-til-udlandet.aspx Electricity interconnections] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151002205704/http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Generelt-om-elanlaeg/Sider/Elforbindelser-til-udlandet.aspx |date=2015-10-02 }}" Energinet.dk, 20 February 2014. Accessed: January 2015. and a second 400kV AC line is planned between Jutland and Germany.

East Denmark is connected to Germany with 600 MW DC (Kontek) and the 400 MW cable via the Kriegers Flak offshore wind farm."[http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Engelske%20dokumenter/El/Nordic%20Grid%20Development%20Plan%202014.pdf Nordic Grid Development Plan 2014] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150104185833/http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Engelske%20dokumenter/El/Nordic%20Grid%20Development%20Plan%202014.pdf |date=2015-01-04 }}" page 59-62, Document no. 13/81818 - 5. Nordic TSOs, August 2014. Accessed: January 2015.Wittrup, Sanne. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/sjaelland-faar-ny-millliard-dyr-elforbindelse-til-tyskland-173089 Sjælland får ny, millliard-dyr elforbindelse til Tyskland]" Ingeniøren, 19 December 2014. Accessed: January 2015. Zealand can import 1,700 MW from Sweden (export capacity is less).{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Anl%C3%A6g%20og%20projekter/Kass%C3%B8-Tjele%20-%20Businesscase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020000/https://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Danske%20dokumenter/Anl%C3%A6g%20og%20projekter/Kass%C3%B8-Tjele%20-%20Businesscase.pdf |archive-date=2015-11-17 |access-date=2015-11-13}}

Synchronous condensers (syncons) assist grid stability; 3 in the western grid and 2 in the eastern grid, some with capacities reaching -140 to 270 MVAr. A limit of ±15 MVAr is set as a measure of grid quality.{{cite web |title=Behovsvurdering for systemydelser 2020 |url=https://energinet.dk/-/media/43A92959D4C64CDFA49636324AE95124.PDF |page=40-41, 50 |publisher=Energinet |date=14 October 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030232943/https://energinet.dk/-/media/43A92959D4C64CDFA49636324AE95124.PDF |archive-date=2021-10-30 }}

Total export and import capacities were 2,510 MW and 2,870 MW respectively in 2007. The actual import and export capacities were typically 60% of the nominal capacities. Studies showed inefficient markets in 2006. In 2014 (before cables to Netherlands and Kriegers), Denmark had an electricity interconnection level (transmission capacity relative to production capacity) of 44%, compared to Slovakia at 61% and Hungary at 29%. COM/2015/082 final: "Achieving the 10% electricity interconnection target" [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2015:0082:FIN Text] [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0082&from=EN PDF] page 2-5. European Commission, 25 February 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151225022701/http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energy-union/docs/interconnectors_en.pdf Archive] [https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j4nvhdfdk3hydzq_j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vjs4eawsiryh Mirror]

{{Portal|Denmark|Energy}}

• Energy in Denmark
• Wind power in Denmark
• Solar power in Denmark
• Governance of hydropower in Scandinavia
• Nordic energy market
• Renewable energy in Denmark
• List of high-voltage transmission links in Denmark

{{reflist|2}}

• [https://www.yumpu.com/da/document/view/21011348/dansk-elforsyning-statistik-i-2006 Statistics from 2006 (in Danish)], figure 10 shows the distribution companies and figure 44 the transmission grid
• [https://en.energinet.dk/-/media/9160AAB5C484432399767220B78DE44D.jpg High voltage grid of Denmark] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150104215313/http://www.energinet.dk/SiteCollectionImages/DK/EL/Br%C3%B8dtekst%20grafik%20max%20454%20bred/EksisterendeNet-1000px.jpg Archive], [https://en.energinet.dk/Electricity/Energy-data/System-data Export capacities in XLS spreadsheet]

{{Europe topic|Electricity sector in}}