:Census in Egypt

The earliest Egyptian census was the cattle count, which counted not people but livestock (especially but not exclusively cows) for taxation purposes. During the early Old Kingdom it was taken every two years; the frequency increased over time. Human censuses in Egypt first appeared in the late Middle Kingdom and develops in the New Kingdom.D. Valbelle. "Les recensements dans l'Egypte pharaonique des troisième et deuxième millénaires" CRIPEL 9 (1987) 37 - 49. Herodotus wrote that Ahmose I, first monarch of the New Kingdom, required every Egyptian to declare annually to the nomarch, "whence he gained his living".Herodotus, Histories II, 177, 2 Under the Ptolemies and the Romans several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, Erich S. Gruen Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography 242 ss.

{{see also|Demography of the Roman Empire}}

Roman censuses in Egypt estimated the population at 4.5 million inhabitants in the year 14 AD and 5 million in 164 AD.

A census also took place in the era of Hesham Abdel Malek ben Marwan in the year 600 AD including the number of people, their ages and residences.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

In 1798, Egypt's population was estimated at 3 million when Napoleon invaded the country.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

After preliminary enumerations in some urban areas and villages the first countrywide census was carried out in 1848.{{cite journal |jstor=195772 |title=The Census Registers of Nineteenth-Century Egypt: A New Source for Social Historians |author1=Cuno, Kenneth M. |author2=Reimer, Michael J.|journal = British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|volume=24|issue=2 |year=1997 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd |pages=193–216 |doi=10.1080/13530199708705646}}Fargues, Philippe. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5m4pQSQuLM8C&dq=1848+egyptian+census&pg=PA26 Family and household in mid-nineeenth century Cairo.] In Doumani, Beshara, ed. Family history in the Middle East: household, property, and gender A modern analysis of the 1848 census records, which attempts to adjust for various discrepancies in the data, concluded that Egypt's population was 4.476 million people back then.Alleaume, G. and P. Fargues. 1998. La naissance d'une statistique d'état. Histoire & Mesure 13: 147-193 The 1848 census is said to be the first in a non-Western country to include demographic, social, and economic data on practically all individuals including females, children, and slaves. Digitization of the 1848 and 1868 census records is underway based on documents in the National Archives of Egypt.Saleh, Mohamed. "A Pre-Colonial Population Brought to Light: Digitization of the Nineteenth Century Egyptian Censuses," Historical Methods 46:1 (January 2013) 5-18. ([https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxtb2hhbWVkc2FsZWhlY29ufGd4OjZiODczNmU2MjFiM2JhMDg online draft])

During the last 135 years, Egypt has carried out around 14 official population censuses: the first was in 1882 and the most recent in 2017.

• 1882 — The first census in Egypt had been carried out. The total population was 6.7 million.

• According to the 1947 census, Egypt's population had reached 19 million inhabitants.{{cite journal |pmc=2553924 |title=Cholera Epidemic in Egypt: A Preliminary Report |first=Aly Tewfik |last=Shousha |year=1947 |page=371 |pmid=20603928 |volume=1 |issue=2 |journal=Bull. World Health Organ.}}

• A census in 1976 revealed that the population had risen to 36.6 million.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
• In 1986, a census indicated that the population of Egypt reached a total of 50.4 million, including about 2.3 million Egyptians working in other countries.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
• In 1996, the census found a population of 59.3 million.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
• In 2006, the thirteenth census in the Egyptian census series revealed that the Egypt's population hit 76.5 million inside and outside the country.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}
• A new census was done in 2017. Census day was 18 April 2017 and Egypt's population on that date was estimated to be 94,798,827.{{cite web|title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء|url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/ShowPDF.aspx?page_id=%20/Admin/Pages%20Files/2017109143840cns.pdf|website=www.capmas.gov.eg|access-date=13 October 2017}}

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{{further|List of countries by past and future population}}

At current pace, Egypt's population is expected to reach 160 million by 2050. However, if the current rate of reproduction diminishes, the population may be limited to 120 million by 2050. Egypt already has one of the highest real population densities in the world.{{Cite news |title=Egypt weighed down by population woes |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jvxWwogJQZ5twUZ15ypPP1XYh2EA |agency=AFP |date=10 June 2008 |access-date=2011-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425073238/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jvxWwogJQZ5twUZ15ypPP1XYh2EA |archive-date=2011-04-25 }}

• Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
• Demographics of Egypt
• Population history of Egypt
• Population and housing censuses by country

;General

• https://web.archive.org/web/20070930225811/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001038.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001729/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001446.htm
• http://countrystudies.us/egypt/55.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230227/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Pub/yearbook/yearbook2006/110104000000000001.htm
• http://www.citypopulation.de/Egypt.html
• http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/records/971r.html
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070422205455/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12?action=&lname= CAPMAS website]

;Specific

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_001?lang=0&lname= Population Distribution by Sex]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_002?lang=0&lname= Average Size of Household and Sex Ratio]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_005?lang=0&lname= Population Distribution by Educational Status]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_stold_002?lang=0&lname= Population Distribution by Age Groups]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_007?lang=0&lname= Population Distribution by Marital Status]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/indcs/cns_st_011?lang=0&lname= No of Households & % of their Connection to Public Utilities]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/sameha44?lang=0&lname= 2006 Census Analysis Series]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Africa topic|Census in}}

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Category:Demographics of Egypt

Egypt