1909 in Germany

• Kaiser – Wilhelm II{{cite web |title=Historic Figures: Wilhelm II (1859 - 1941) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilhelm_kaiser_ii.shtml |website=BBC - History |access-date=11 June 2018}}
• Chancellor – Bernhard von Bülow until 14 July, then Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

• King of Bavaria – Otto
• King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
• King of Württemberg – William II

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

• Schaumburg-Lippe – George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (who assumed the title "Prince of Schwarzburg" from 28 March)
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen to 28 March, then Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
• Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

• Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (regent)
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

• Cameroon (Kamerun) – Theodor Seitz (3rd term) to 10 February, then Wilhelm Peter Hansen (acting governor) to October, the again Theodor Seitz (4th and final term)
• Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Oskar von Truppel
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Georg Albrecht Freiherr von Rechenberg
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term)
• German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Wilhelm Solf
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Bruno von Schuckmann
• Togoland – Johann Nepomuk Graf Zech auf Neuhofen

• 19 December: German football club Borussia Dortmund was founded.
• Summer – German Chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch first demonstrate the Haber process, the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under conditions of high temperature and pressure.

• Bavaria 09 Berlin, German association football club founded.
• A team under German chemist Fritz Hofmann first synthesizes synthetic rubber (Methylkautschuk).
• Linde–Frank–Caro process was invented by Adolf Frank and developed with Carl von Linde and Heinrich Caro.

(Methylkautschuk).

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• 4 January – Cilly Aussem, German tennis player (died 1963)
• 8 January – Willy Millowitsch, German actor (died 1999)
• 15 January – Jean Bugatti, German automobile designer (died 1939)
• 31 January – Yosef Burg German-born Israeli politician and rabbi (died 1999)
• 3 February – Kurt Petter, physician, youth leader and educational administrator (died 1969)
• 20 February – Heinz Erhardt, German comedian (died 1979)
• 19 March – Otto John, German lawyer (died 1997)
• 27 March – Golo Mann, German historian, essayist and writer (died 1994)
• 2 April – Otto Haxel, German nuclear physicist (died 1998)
• 23 April – Karl Klasen, German banker (died 1991)
• 24 April: Bernhard Grzimek German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in postwar West-Germany.(died 1987)
• Konrad Frey, German gymnast (died 1974)
• Werner Jacobs, German film director (died 1999)
• 25 April – Ludwig Martin, German lawyer (died 2010)
• 26 April – Marianne Hoppe, German actress (died 2002)
• 8 May – Paul May, German film director (died 1976)
• 11 May – Georg von Holtzbrinck, German publisher (died 1983)
• 22 May – Willi Geiger, German judge (died 1994)
• 25 May – Alfred Kubel, German politician (died 1999)
• 21 June — Helmut Möckel, youth leader and politician (died 1945)
• 22 June – Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, German officer (died 1944)
• 4 July – Alex Seidel, German weapons manufacturer (died 1989)
• 7 July – Gottfried von Cramm, tennis player (died 1976)
• 22 July – Franz-Josef Röder, politician (died 1979)
• 9 August – Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat (died 1944)
• 13 August – Werner Otto, German businessman (died 2011)
• 5 September – Hans Carste, German composer and conductor (died 1971)
• 7 September – Kurt A. Körber, German entrepreneur (died 1992)
• 14 October – Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (died 1938)
• 25 October – Dieter Borsche, German actor (died 1982)
• 30 October – Carl Lange, German actor (died 1999)
• 7 November – Ezriel Carlebach, German-born Israeli journalist and publicist (died 1956)
• 1 December – Hans-Heinrich Sievert, German decathlete (died 1963)
• 2 December – Marion Dönhoff, German journalist (died 2002)
• 3 December – Charlotte Kretschmann, German supercentenarian (died 2024)
• 23 December – Joachim Werner, German archaeologist (died 1994)

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• 22 January – Emil Erlenmeyer, chemist (born 1825)
• 2 February – Adolf Stoecker, German pastor and politician (born 1835)
• 26 February – Hermann Ebbinghaus, psychologist (born 1850)
• 24 March – Alfred Messel, German architect (born 1853)
• 28 March – Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, nobleman (born 1830)
• 30 April – Albert Langen, German publisher (born 1869)
• 9 May – Margarete Steiff, German seamstress and company founder (born 1847)
• 13 May – Heinrich Limpricht, German chemist (born 1827)
• 19 May - Gustav zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg, German politician (born 1849)
• 24 May – Georg von Neumayer, German polar explorer (born 1826){{cite web |last1=Swan |first1=R. A. |title=Neumayer, Georg Balthasar von (1826–1909) |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/neumayer-georg-balthasar-von-4290 |website=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |access-date=11 June 2018}}
• 3 June - Theodor Barth, German politician and publicis (born 1849)
• 8 June – Fritz Overbeck, German painter (born 1869)
• 3 July – Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel, German gynecologist (born 1862)
• 13 October – Julius Ruthardt, German violinist and composer (born 1841)
• 30 October – Leopold Sonnemann, German newspaper publisher (born 1831)
• 16 December – Ludwig Friedländer, German philologist (born 1824)

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Category:Years of the 20th century in Germany

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