1990 New Zealand general election
{{Short description|General election in New Zealand}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1990 New Zealand general election
| country = New Zealand
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1987 New Zealand general election
| previous_year = 1987
| previous_mps = 42nd New Zealand Parliament
| next_election = 1993 New Zealand general election
| next_year = 1993
| next_mps = 44th New Zealand Parliament
| seats_for_election = All 97 seats in the House of Representatives
| majority_seats = 49
| election_date = 27 October 1990
| elected_mps = members
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Jim Bolger,_1990s.jpg|bSize = 125|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader1 = Jim Bolger
| leader_since1 = 26 March 1986
| party1 = New Zealand National Party
| leaders_seat1 = King Country
| last_election1 = 40 seats, 44.02%
| seats1 = 67
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 27
| popular_vote1 = 872,358
| percentage1 = 47.82%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 3.80%
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Mike Moore, 1992 (crop).jpg|bSize = 155|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 5|oLeft = 20}}
| leader2 = Mike Moore
| leader_since2 = 4 September 1990
| party2 = New Zealand Labour Party
| leaders_seat2 = Christchurch North
| last_election2 = 57 seats, 47.96%
| seats2 = 29
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 28
| popular_vote2 = 640,915
| percentage2 = 35.14%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 12.82%
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Jim Anderton, 2010.jpg|bSize = 190|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 10}}
| leader3 = Jim Anderton
| leader_since3 = 1 April 1989
| party3 = NewLabour Party (New Zealand)|NewLabour|
| leaders_seat3 = Sydenham
| last_election3 = New party
| seats3 = 1
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote3 = 94,171
| percentage3 = 5.16%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 5.16%
| map_image = 1990 New Zealand general election.svg
| map_size = 350px
| map_caption = Results by electorate, shaded by winning margin
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister
| before_election = Mike Moore
| before_colour =
| after_election = Jim Bolger
| after_colour =
| before_party = New Zealand Labour Party
| after_party = New Zealand National Party
}}
The 1990 New Zealand general election was held on 27 October to determine the composition of the 43rd New Zealand parliament. The governing Labour Party was defeated in a landslide, ending its two terms in office. The National Party, led by Jim Bolger, won the largest majority government in New Zealand history.
This election was the first time since 1975 that National had won the popular vote.{{Cite web |title=The Royal Commission |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/fpp-to-mmp/royal-commission |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=1890–1993 general elections |url=https://elections.nz/democracy-in-nz/historical-events/18901993-general-elections/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Elections |language=en-NZ}}
Background
The Labour Party had taken office after defeating the National Party under Robert Muldoon in the 1984 election. David Lange became prime minister and Roger Douglas became Minister of Finance. The economic program outlined by Douglas was deeply unpopular with Labour's traditional supporters, however – deregulation, privatisation, and free trade, all opposed by the party's more left-wing members, were a key part of the Rogernomics platform. This internal dissent was off-set somewhat by new social legislation and a strong stance against nuclear weapons.
Labour was re-elected in the 1987 election with its parliamentary majority untouched, but the internal disputes continued. Eventually Lange forced Douglas to resign in December 1988, but continued destabilisation of his leadership by Douglas had weakened Lange's position such that he resigned eight months later. He was replaced as prime minister by Geoffrey Palmer, but Palmer failed to revive Labour's falling popularity. Several months before the election, Palmer was replaced by Mike Moore. The National Party was performing strongly – its leader, Jim Bolger, spoke repeatedly of "the Decent Society", saying that the reforms were doing significant damage to the social fabric of the country. The government was also being challenged by the NewLabour Party, founded by renegade MP Jim Anderton.
=MPs retiring in 1990=
Five National MPs and eleven Labour MPs intended to retire at the end of the 42nd Parliament.
| class="wikitable" | ||
| colspan=2| Party | Name | Electorate |
|---|---|---|
| rowspan=5 style="background-color: {{party color|New Zealand National Party}}" |
| rowspan=5| National | North Shore | |
| Merv Wellington | Papakura | |
| Ian McLean | Tarawera | |
| Venn Young | Waitotara | |
| Derek Angus | Wallace | |
| rowspan=11 style="background-color: {{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}" |
| rowspan=11| Labour | Christchurch Central | |
| Stan Rodger | Dunedin North | |
| Anne Collins | East Cape | |
| Trevor Young | Eastern Hutt | |
| Roger Douglas | Manurewa | |
| Philip Woollaston | Nelson | |
| Colin Moyle | Otara | |
| Trevor de Cleene | Palmerston North | |
| Bob Tizard | Panmure | |
| Michael Bassett | Te Atatu | |
| Russell Marshall | Wanganui |
The election
The date for the 1990 election was 27 October. 2,202,157 people were registered to vote, and 85.2% of these people turned out. The number of seats being contested was 97 – this was the same as in the previous election, which had the largest number of seats for any Parliament until that point.
Summary of results
The 1990 election eventually saw a victory for the National Party, then in opposition. National won nearly half (48%) of the vote and 67 (69%) of the seats, becoming the fourth National government. This was the highest number of seats the party had ever won, either in absolute terms or as a percentage, and by extension the largest majority government in New Zealand history. Four new (and young) National MPs: (Bill English, Tony Ryall, Roger Sowry and Nick Smith) were called the "brat pack" by Sir Robert Muldoon (himself one of the "Young Turks" of 1960).*{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/9773270/The-brat-pack-loses-a-member |title= The Brat Pack loses a member |publisher=Stuff/Fairfax |date=25 May 2014}}
The new Green Party gained the third-highest number of votes, but won no seats. The NewLabour Party won a single seat, due to Jim Anderton retaining the Sydenham seat he originally won as a Labour candidate.
The governing Labour Party, by contrast, suffered its worst-ever defeat since it first won power in the 1935 election, winning only 29 (30%) of the seats and 35% of the vote (its lowest percentage since 1931), and losing 27 seats. Initially it appeared that twelve ministers and the Speaker had lost their seats, but Fran Wilde scraped in on special votes. Many of Labour's talented "class of 84" were swept out, though five of them, Annette King, Jim Sutton, Trevor Mallard, Richard Northey and Judy Keall, returned in 1993.{{sfn|Bassett|2008|p=538}}
The result was primarily due to intense anger at Labour and its policies (shown by it losing 12% of the vote) rather than love of National (which only increased its vote by 4%).
Detailed results
=Party totals=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
!colspan=7|center |
| colspan=6| Election results{{cite web |title=New Zealand Elections 1972–1993 |url=http://www.nzes.org/exec/getdata/NZ_elections_1972-93.xls |publisher=New Zealand Election Study |access-date=17 December 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
|---|
| colspan=2|Party
! Candidates ! Total votes ! Percentage ! Seats won |
| width=5 bgcolor={{party color|New Zealand National Party}}|
|align=left|National |97 |872,358 |47.82 |67 |
| bgcolor={{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}|
|align=left|Labour |97 |640,915 |35.14 |29 |
| bgcolor={{party color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}|
|align=left|Greens |71 |124,915 |6.85 |- |
| bgcolor={{party color|NewLabour Party (New Zealand)}}|
|align=left|NewLabour |93 |94,171 |5.16 |1 |
| bgcolor={{party color|New Zealand Democratic Party for Social Credit}}|
|align=left|Democrats |91 |30,455 |1.67 |- |
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Credit Party (New Zealand)}}|
|align=left|Social Credit |68 |17,897 |0.98 |- |
| bgcolor={{party color|Mana Motuhake}}|
|align=left|Mana Motuhake |4 |10,869 |0.60 |- |
| bgcolor={{party color|McGillicuddy Serious Party}}|
|align=left|McGillicuddy Serious |59 |10,058 |0.55 |- |
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Heritage New Zealand}}|
|align=left|Christian Heritage |18 |9,591 |0.53 |- |
| colspan=2 align=left|Minor parties and Independents
|76 |12,863 |0.71 |- |
| bgcolor=
|colspan=2 align=left|Total |674 |1,824,092 | |97 |
=Votes summary=
{{bar box
| title=Popular Vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|National|{{party color|New Zealand National Party}}|47.82}}
{{bar percent|Labour|{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}|35.14}}
{{bar percent|Greens|{{party color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}|6.85}}
{{bar percent|NewLabour|{{party color|NewLabour Party (New Zealand)}}|5.16}}
{{bar percent|Democrats|{{party color|New Zealand Democratic Party for Social Credit}}|2.02}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.37}}
}}
{{bar box
| title=Parliament seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|National|{{party color|New Zealand National Party}}|69.07}}
{{bar percent|Labour|{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}|29.90}}
{{bar percent|NewLabour|{{party color|NewLabour Party (New Zealand)}}|1.03}}
}}
=Electorate results=
File:NewZealandElectorates1990-Labeled.png
The tables below shows the results of the 1990 general election:
Key
{{Party index link|New Zealand National Party}}
{{Party index link|New Zealand Labour Party}}
{{Party index link|New Zealand Democratic Party for Social Credit}}
{{Party index link|NewLabour Party (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Mana Motuhake}}
{{NZ electorate result start|Electorate results for the 1990 New Zealand general election
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Albany
|incumbent= Don McKinnon
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,455
|second= June Allen
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Ashburton
|incumbent= Jenny Shipley
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,922
|second= Basil Moskovis
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Auckland Central
|incumbent= Richard Prebble
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 3,277
|second= Kathryn Hill
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Avon
|incumbent= Larry Sutherland
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 4,250
|second= Wendy Rush
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Awarua
|incumbent= Jeff Grant
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 4,964
|second= Heather Russell
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Bay of Islands
|incumbent= John Carter
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 5,285
|second= Bruce Raitt
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Birkenhead
|incumbent= Jenny Kirk
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Ian Revell |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 2,813
|second= Jenny Kirk
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Christchurch Central
|incumbent= Geoffrey Palmer
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Lianne Dalziel |winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 3,769
|second= Ross Gluer
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Christchurch North |hold=true
|incumbent= Mike Moore
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 2,148
|second= Peter Yarrell
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Clevedon
|incumbent= Warren Kyd
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 4,732
|second= Ann Batten
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Clutha
|incumbent= Robin Gray
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 6,527
|second= Jeff Buchanan
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Coromandel
|incumbent= Graeme Lee
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 6,342
|second= Margaret Hawkeswood
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Dunedin North
|incumbent= Stan Rodger
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Pete Hodgson |winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 2,336
|second= Gael Donoghue
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Dunedin West |hold=true
|incumbent= Clive Matthewson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,779
|second= Ian McMeeking
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= East Cape
|incumbent= Anne Collins
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Tony Ryall |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,968
|second= Dianne Collins
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate=East Coast Bays
|incumbent= Murray McCully
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 5,216
|second=Gary Knapp
|second-party= New Zealand Democratic Party for Social Credit
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate=Eastern Hutt
|incumbent= Trevor Young
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Paul Swain |winner-party=New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 801
|second=Rosemary Thomas |second-party=New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate=Eden
|incumbent= Richard Northey
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Christine Fletcher |winner-party=New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,524
|second= Richard Northey |second-party=New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Fendalton
|incumbent= Philip Burdon
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 4,993
|second= Tony Day
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Gisborne
|incumbent= Allan Wallbank
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Wayne Kimber |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 449
|second= Allan Wallbank
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Glenfield
|incumbent= Judy Keall
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Peter Hilt |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 2,958
|second= Judy Keall
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Hamilton East
|incumbent= Bill Dillon
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Tony Steel |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 2,121
|second= Bill Dillon
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Hamilton West
|incumbent= Trevor Mallard
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Grant Thomas |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,563
|second= Trevor Mallard
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Hastings
|incumbent= David Butcher
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Jeff Whittaker |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 728
|second= David Butcher
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Hawkes Bay
|incumbent= Bill Sutton
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Michael Laws |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 2,895
|second= Bill Sutton
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Heretaunga
|incumbent= Bill Jeffries
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Peter McCardle |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,122
|second= Bill Jeffries
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Hobson
|incumbent= Ross Meurant
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 6,641
|second= Howard Henry
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Horowhenua
|incumbent= Annette King
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Hamish Hancock |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 624
|second= Annette King
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Invercargill
|incumbent= Rob Munro
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 4,137
|second= Barry Rait
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Island Bay
|incumbent= Elizabeth Tennet
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 3,635
|second= Ann Nolan
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Kaimai
|incumbent= Robert Anderson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 8,147
|second= Gordon Dickson
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Kaipara
|incumbent= Lockwood Smith
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 8,610
|second= Wayne Sellwood
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Kapiti
|incumbent= Margaret Shields
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Roger Sowry |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,599
|second= Margaret Shields
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= King Country
|incumbent= Jim Bolger
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,274
|second= Cameron Gordon
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Lyttelton
|incumbent= Peter Simpson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Gail McIntosh |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 68
|second= Peter Simpson
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Manawatu
|incumbent= David Robinson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Hamish MacIntyre |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 3,089
|second= David Robinson
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Mangere
|incumbent= David Lange
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 4,039
|second= Bryan Archer
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Manurewa
|incumbent= Roger Douglas
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= George Hawkins
|winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,143
|second= Pat Baker
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Maramarua
|incumbent= Bill Birch
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,670
|second= Charles Chauvel
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Marlborough
|incumbent= Doug Kidd
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,187
|second= Barbara Hutchinson
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Matamata
|incumbent= John Luxton
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 8,501
|second= Bill Pepperell
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Miramar
|incumbent= Peter Neilson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Graeme Reeves |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 552
|second= Peter Neilson
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Mt Albert
|incumbent= Helen Clark
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,230
|second= Larry Bellshaw
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Napier
|incumbent= Geoff Braybrooke
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,265
|second= Colleen Pritchard
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Nelson
|incumbent= Philip Woollaston
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= John Blincoe |winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 636
|second= L Baigent
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= New Lynn
|incumbent= Jonathan Hunt
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,099
|second= Martyn Athol Bishop
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= New Plymouth
|incumbent= Harry Duynhoven
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= John Armstrong |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,701
|second= Harry Duynhoven
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= North Shore
|incumbent= George Gair
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|winner= Bruce Cliffe |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 6,183
|second= Graeme Ransom
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Ohariu
|incumbent= Peter Dunne
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 783
|second= George Mathew
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Onehunga
|incumbent= Fred Gerbic
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Grahame Thorne |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 612
|second= Fred Gerbic
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Otago
|incumbent= Warren Cooper
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 3,927
|second= Tony Cooke
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Otara
|incumbent= Colin Moyle
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Trevor Rogers |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 1,226
|second= Taito Phillip Field
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Pahiatua
|incumbent= John Falloon
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 7,689
|second= Margo Martindale
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate= Pakuranga
|incumbent= Maurice Williamson
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 9,086
|second= Paul Charles Grant
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Palmerston North
|incumbent= Trevor de Cleene
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Steve Maharey |winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 349
|second= Paul Sherriff
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Panmure
|incumbent= Bob Tizard
|incumbent-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|winner= Judith Tizard |winner-party= New Zealand Labour Party
|majority= 1,098
|second= Gray Bartlett
|second-party= New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate= Papakura
|incumbent= Merv Wellington
|incumbent-party= New Zealand National Party
|winner= John Robertson |winner-party= New Zealand National Party
|majority= 5,665
|second= James Stubbs
|second-party= New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Papatoetoe
|incumbent = Ross Robertson
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 510
|second = Allan Brewster
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Pencarrow
|incumbent = Sonja Davies
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 384
|second = Ray Wallace
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Porirua
|incumbent = Graham Kelly
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,453
|second = P Faulkner
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Raglan
|incumbent = Simon Upton
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,442
|second = Olivia Scaletti-Longley
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Rangiora
|incumbent = Jim Gerard
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,273
|second = Judith Alison McLachlan
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Rangitikei
|incumbent = Denis Marshall
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 6,127
|second = Patricia Barton
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Remuera
|incumbent = Doug Graham
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 7,368
|second = Carl Harding
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Roskill
|incumbent = Phil Goff
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Gilbert Myles
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 644
|second = Phil Goff
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Rotorua
|incumbent = Paul East
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,270
|second = Bruce Raitt
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = St Albans
|incumbent = David Caygill
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,560
|second = David Dumergue
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = St Kilda
|incumbent = Michael Cullen
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,886
|second = Bruce Alexander
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Selwyn
|incumbent = Ruth Richardson
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,441
|second = Val Elley
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Sydenham
|incumbent = Jim Anderton
|incumbent-party = NewLabour Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,443
|second = Linda Constable
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Tamaki
|incumbent = Robert Muldoon
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 7,592
|second = Malcolm Johnston
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Taranaki
|incumbent = Roger Maxwell
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 7,867
|second = Scott Dalziel
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Tarawera
|incumbent = Ian McLean
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|winner = Max Bradford
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,152
|second = Malcolm Moore
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Tasman
|incumbent = Ken Shirley
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Nick Smith
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 2,246
|second = Ken Shirley
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Tauranga
|incumbent = Winston Peters
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 9,314
|second = Bill Delaney
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Te Atatu
|incumbent = Michael Bassett
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Brian Neeson
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 1,370
|second = Dan McCaffrey
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Timaru
|incumbent = Maurice McTigue
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 3,192
|second = Gary Clarke
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Titirangi
|incumbent = Ralph Maxwell
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Marie Hasler
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 64
|second = Ralph Maxwell
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Tongariro
|incumbent = Noel Scott
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Ian Peters
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 886
|second = Noel Scott
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waikaremoana
|incumbent = Roger McClay
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 5,865
|second = David Davies
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waikato
|incumbent = Rob Storey
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 6,172
|second = George Middleton
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waipa
|incumbent = Katherine O'Regan
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 8,477
|second = Mark Apiata-Wade
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wairarapa
|incumbent = Wyatt Creech
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 4,141
|second = Pauline Moran
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waitaki
|incumbent = Jim Sutton
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Alec Neill
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 2,905
|second = Jim Sutton
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waitotara
|incumbent = Venn Young
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|winner = Peter Gresham
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 7,192
|second = Dominic O'Sullivan
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wallace
|incumbent = Derek Angus
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|winner = Bill English
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 8,886
|second = David Soper
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wanganui
|incumbent = Russell Marshall
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Cam Campion
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 409
|second = Jill Pettis
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wellington Central
|incumbent = Fran Wilde
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 246
|second = Pauline Gardiner{{refn|group=nb|Gardiner was first on election night for Wellington Central, but lost when special votes were included {{sfn|Bassett|2008|p=538}}}}
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = West Auckland
|incumbent = Jack Elder
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 252
|second = Laurie Wicks
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = West Coast
|incumbent = Kerry Burke
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Margaret Moir
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 2,611
|second = Kerry Burke
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Western Hutt
|incumbent = John Terris
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = Joy Quigley
|winner-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 700
|second = John Terris
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Whangarei
|incumbent = John Banks
|incumbent-party = New Zealand National Party
|majority = 6,839
|second = Edna Tait
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Yaldhurst
|incumbent = Margaret Austin
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 42
|second = John Connelly
|second-party = New Zealand National Party
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Eastern Maori
|incumbent = Peter Tapsell
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 6,844
|second = Wi Kuki Kaa
|second-party = Mana Motuhake
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Northern Maori
|incumbent = Bruce Gregory
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 956
|second = Matiu Rata
|second-party = Mana Motuhake
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Southern Maori
|incumbent = Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 7,614
|second = Tikirau Stevens
|second-party = Mana Motuhake
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Western Maori
|incumbent = Koro Wētere
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 5,466
|second = Eva Rickard
|second-party = Mana Motuhake
}}
|}
Table footnotes:
{{reflist|group=nb}}
=Summary of seat changes=
- Electoral redistributions:
- There was no redistribution of electoral boundaries between the 1987 and 1990 elections.
- Seats captured:
- By National: Birkenhead, East Cape, Eden, Gisborne, Glenfield, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hastings, Hawkes Bay, Heretaunga, Horowhenua, Kapiti, Lyttelton, Manawatu, Miramar, New Plymouth, Onehunga, Otara, Roskill, Tasman, Te Atatu, Titirangi, Tongariro, Waitaki, Wanganui, West Coast and Western Hutt (27 seats) were captured from Labour. Seventeen of these (Gisborne, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hastings, Horowhenua, Lyttelton, Manawatu, Miramar, New Plymouth, Onehunga, Otara, Roskill, Te Atatu, Titirangi, Tongariro, Wanganui & the West Coast) were one-term gains, recaptured by Labour in 1993.
- Seats transferred from departing MPs to new MPs:
- The seats of North Shore, Papakura, Tarawera, Waitotara and Wallace, all held by departing National MPs, were won by new National candidates.
- The seats of Christchurch Central, Dunedin North, Eastern Hutt, Manurewa, Nelson, Palmerston North and Panmure, all held by departing Labour MPs, were won by new Labour candidates.
Post-election events
A number of local by-elections were required due to the resignation of incumbent local body politicians following their election to Parliament:
- A by-election to the Auckland City Council was caused after Maungakiekie Ward councillor Grahame Thorne resigned his seat after he was elected MP for {{NZ electorate link|Onehunga}}, necessitating a by-election to fill the council vacancy. The by-election was won by Ken Graham with two candidates from the general election, Richard Northey (Labour candidate for {{NZ electorate link|Eden}}) and Laurie Ross (Green candidate for Onehunga), also contesting.{{cite book |last=Bassett |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Bassett |date=2013 |title=City of sails: the history of Auckland City Council, 1989–2010 |isbn=1927262003 |page=382 }}
- A by-election to the Auckland Regional Council was caused after Panmure Ward councillor Judith Tizard resigned her seat after she was elected MP for {{NZ electorate link|Panmure}}, necessitating a by-election to fill the council vacancy. The by-election was won by Bruce Jesson with a retiring candidate at the general election, Bob Tizard (previously Labour MP for Panmure) also contesting.{{cite news |title=Declaration of Result of Election |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=5 December 1991 |page=14; 3 }}{{cite news |title=Voters go for new parties |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=28 November 1991 |page=1 }}
- A by-election to the Wellington City Council was caused after Southern Ward councillor John Blincoe resigned his seat after he was elected MP for {{NZ electorate link|Nelson}}, necessitating a by-election to fill the council vacancy. The by-election was won by Margaret Bonner with two candidates from the general election, Ann Nolan (National candidate for {{NZ electorate link|Island Bay}}) and Jeff Montgomery (NewLabour candidate for {{NZ electorate link|Wellington Central}}), also contesting.{{cite news |first=Gavin |last=Evans |title=Blincoe Stalls Resignation |date=15 December 1990 |work=The Evening Post }}{{cite report |last=Bly |first=Ross |date=29 April 1991 |title=Southern Ward By-Election |publisher=Wellington City Council }}{{cite news |work =The Evening Post |title=Declaration of Result of Election |date=1 May 1991 }}
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{cite book | last=Bassett | first=Michael | author-link=Michael Bassett | title=Working with David: Inside the Lange Cabinet | year=2008 | publisher=Hodder Moa | location=Auckland | isbn=978-1-86971-094-1 }}
- {{cite book |editor-last= McLeay | editor-first= E. M. |title= The 1990 General Election, Perspectives on Political Change in New Zealand: Occasional Publications No 3, Department of Political Science |year= 1991 |publisher=Victoria University of Wellington |location= Wellington |isbn= 0-475-11202-4}}
- {{cite book |last= Stringer |first= John |title= 1990 Parliamentary Candidates for the New Zealand National Party | year=1990 |publisher=New Zealand National Party |location= Wellington }}
- {{Cite book |title=Voters' Vengeance: The 1990 Election in New Zealand and the fate of the Fourth Labour Government |first=Jack |last=Vowles |first2=Peter |last2=Aimer |year=1993 |location=Auckland |publisher=University Press |isbn=1-86940-078-X }}
{{New Zealand elections}}