2021 Canadian federal election#Student Vote Canada results
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Canadian federal election
| country = Canada
| type = parliamentary
| party_colour = no
| party_name = no
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2019 Canadian federal election
| previous_year = 2019
| previous_mps = List of House members of the 43rd Parliament of Canada
| election_date = {{start date|2021|09|20}}
| elected_mps = List of House members of the 44th Parliament of Canada
| next_election = 2025 Canadian federal election
| next_year = 2025
| next_mps =
| seats_for_election = 338 seats in the House of Commons
| majority_seats = 170
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election
| turnout = 62.3%{{cite web|title=September 20, 2021 General Election – National Results|url=https://www.elections.ca/enr/help/national_e.htm|access-date=October 4, 2021|publisher=Elections Canada|archive-date=October 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003103918/https://elections.ca/enr/help/national_e.htm|url-status=live}} ({{decrease}} 4.7 pp)
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Justin Trudeau in 2019 at the G7 (Biarritz) (48622478973) (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| image1_size =
| colour1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|nohash}}
| leader1 = Justin Trudeau
| party1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| leader_since1 = April 14, 2013
| leaders_seat1 = Papineau
| last_election1 = 157 seats, 33.12%
| seats_before1 = 155
| seats1 = 160{{efn|name="LPC seat count"|Includes Kevin Vuong, who appeared on the ballot as a Liberal but was disavowed by the party during the campaign. He was not seated as a member of the Liberal caucus.{{cite news |last1=Raman-Wilms |first1=Menaka |title=Newly elected Kevin Vuong says he will keep his seat after the Liberals disown him |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-elected-kevin-vuong-says-he-will-keep-his-seat-after-the/ |access-date=September 25, 2021 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=September 23, 2021 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153001/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-elected-kevin-vuong-says-he-will-keep-his-seat-after-the/ |url-status=live }}}}
| seats_needed1 =
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 5
| popular_vote1 = 5,556,629
| percentage1 = 32.62%
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 0.50 pp
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = ErinO'Toole (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| image2_size =
| colour2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|nohash}}
| leader2 = Erin O'Toole
| leader_since2 = August 24, 2020
| leaders_seat2 = Durham
| party2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|name}}
| last_election2 = 121 seats, 34.34%
| seats_before2 = 119
| seats2 = 119
| seats_needed2 =
| seat_change2 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote2 = 5,747,410
| percentage2 = 33.74%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 0.60 pp
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Yves-François Blanchet Entrevue no smile 2023 (cropped-2).png|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| image3_size =
| colour3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|nohash}}
| leader3 = Yves-François Blanchet
| leaders_seat3 = Beloeil—Chambly
| leader_since3 = January 17, 2019
| party3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|name}}
| last_election3 = 32 seats, 7.63%
| seats_before3 = 32
| seats3 = 32
| seats_needed3 =
| seat_change3 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote3 = 1,301,615
| percentage3 = 7.64%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 0.01 pp
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Jagmeet Singh in Brantford 2022 (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| image4_size =
| colour4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|nohash}}
| leader4 = Jagmeet Singh
| leaders_seat4 = Burnaby South
| leader_since4 = October 1, 2017
| party4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|name}}
| last_election4 = 24 seats, 15.98%
| seats_before4 = 24
| seats4 = 25
| seats_needed4 =
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote4 = 3,036,348
| percentage4 = 17.82%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 1.84 pp
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Annamie Paul in Toronto Regent Park (cropped).jpg |bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 5|oLeft = 0}}
| colour5 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|nohash}}
| leader5 = Annamie Paul
| leader_since5 = October 3, 2020
| party5 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|name}}
| leaders_seat5 = Ran in Toronto Centre (lost)
| last_election5 = 3 seats, 6.55%
| seats_before5 = 2
| seats5 = 2
| seat_change5 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote5 = 396,988
| percentage5 = 2.33%
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 4.22 pp
| image6 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Maxime Bernier portrait by Yan Parisien 2023.png|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| image6_size =
| colour6 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|nohash}}
| leader6 = Maxime Bernier
| leader_since6 = September 14, 2018
| leaders_seat6 = Ran in Beauce (lost)
| party6 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|name}}
| last_election6 = 0 seats, 1.62%
| seats_before6 = 0
| seats6 = 0
| seat_change6 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote6 = 840,993
| percentage6 = 4.94%
| swing6 = {{increase}} 3.32 pp
| map = {{Switcher
| 400px
| Results by electoral district, shaded by winners' vote share
| 400px
| Results by electoral district, holds and gains
| 400px
| Results by province and territory}}
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = Justin Trudeau
| before_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| after_election = Justin Trudeau
| after_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
}}
{{44th Canadian Parliament series}}
The 2021 Canadian federal election was held on September 20, 2021, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 44th Canadian Parliament. The writs of election were issued by Governor General Mary Simon on August 15, 2021, when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau requested the dissolution of parliament for a snap election.
Trudeau won a third term as prime minister, his second minority government.{{cite news|last=Cecco|first=Leyland|date=September 21, 2021|title=Canada election result: Trudeau wins third term after early vote gamble|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/21/canada-election-result-trudeau-forecast-to-win-third-term-after-early-vote-gamble|access-date=September 27, 2021|work=The Guardian|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228220241/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/21/canada-election-result-trudeau-forecast-to-win-third-term-after-early-vote-gamble|url-status=live}} Though the Liberals were hoping to win a majority government in order to govern alone,{{cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=September 21, 2021|title=4 Takeaways From the Canadian Election|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html|access-date=September 26, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214005345/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/world/canada/election-results.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} the results were mostly unchanged from the 2019 Canadian federal election. The Liberals won the most seats at 160; as this fell short of the 170 seats needed for a majority in the House of Commons, they formed a minority government with support from other parties.{{cite news |last=Connolly |first=Amanda |title=Liberals projected to form minority government |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8206478/canada-election-results-2021/ |access-date=September 20, 2021 |work=Global News |date=September 20, 2021 |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229212410/https://globalnews.ca/news/8206478/canada-election-result |url-status=live }}{{cite news|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|date=September 20, 2021|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-general-election-results-2021-1.6182364|title=Canadians have re-elected a Liberal minority government|agency=CBC|accessdate=September 21, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120075227/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-general-election-results-2021-1.6182364|url-status=live}} The 2021 election set a new record for the lowest vote share for a party that would go on to form a single-party minority government. The election was the second one in a row where the Liberals succeeded in winning a plurality of seats despite having fewer votes than the Conservative Party. The Liberals won 32.6 per cent of the popular vote, while losing the popular vote to the Conservatives as they did in 2019.{{cite news | last = Hopper | first = Tristan | date = September 22, 2021 | title = First Reading: The Least Popular Canadian Government Ever Elected | url = https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2021/first-reading-the-least-popular-canadian-government-ever-elected | work = National Post}}
The Conservatives led by Erin O'Toole won 119 seats, two fewer than their result in 2019, and continued as the Official Opposition. The Bloc Québécois led by Yves-François Blanchet won 32 seats, unchanged from the prior election. The New Democratic Party led by Jagmeet Singh won 25 seats, a net increase of one seat, but nonetheless fell short of expectations.{{Cite news|last=Karadeglija|first=Anja|date=October 6, 2021|title=NDP to review 'disappointing' campaign, help Liberals avoid another election: Singh|language=en|work=National Post|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/ndp-to-review-disappointing-campaign-help-liberals-avoid-another-election-singh|access-date=October 7, 2021}} The Green Party maintained two seats but party leader Annamie Paul was defeated for the third{{Efn|Annamie Paul lost the by-election in Toronto Centre the previous year and the 2019 general election.}} time in her riding of Toronto Centre. The party received 2.3 per cent of the popular vote, approximately a third of what they won in 2019.{{cite news|url=https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/elections/federal/2021/results/|title=Federal election 2021 live results|agency=CBC|date=September 20, 2021|accessdate=September 21, 2021|archive-date=December 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229221959/https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/elections/federal/2021/results/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Flanagan|first=Ryan|date=September 20, 2021|title=Greens win first Ontario seat ever as national vote dries up|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/greens-win-first-ontario-seat-ever-as-national-vote-dries-up-1.5593552|access-date=September 22, 2021|website=CTVNews|archive-date=October 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030064429/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/greens-win-first-ontario-seat-ever-as-national-vote-dries-up-1.5593552|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Little|first=Simson|date=September 21, 2021|title=Future of Canada's Greens in the spotlight after election setbacks|work=Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8200829/future-of-canadas-greens-in-the-spotlight-after-election-setbacks/|access-date=September 21, 2021|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216173324/https://globalnews.ca/news/8200829/future-of-canadas-greens-in-the-spotlight-after-election-setbacks/|url-status=live}} The People's Party did not win any seats, despite winning nearly 5 per cent of the popular vote, and party leader Maxime Bernier was defeated for the second time{{efn|Maxime Bernier was unseated in 2019.}} in his riding of Beauce.
Trudeau faced public blowback for holding an election in the middle of a global pandemic due to his expectation that doing so could translate his supposed rallying popularity into a landslide victory. Criticism worsened when Trudeau failed to win by a majority and instead repeated his 2019 election showing.{{cite news |last1=Meler |first1=Bryan |title='This election was an abuse of power': Canadians criticize, roast Liberal leader Justin Trudeau after repeat minority win in 2021 election |url=https://news.yahoo.com/canada-federal-election-2021-justin-trudeau-minority-reaction-criticism-jokes-memes-044113859.html |access-date=April 9, 2024 |work=Yahoo |date=September 20, 2021}} An official government probe later found that China attempted to meddle in the election to influence Canadian foreign policy.{{cite news |last1=Ljunggren |first1=David |title=Canada spies found China interfered in last two elections, probe hears |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-spies-found-china-interfered-last-two-elections-probe-hears-2024-04-08/ |access-date=April 9, 2024 |work=Reuters |date=April 8, 2024}}
Paul resigned as Green Party leader two months after the election,{{cite news |last1=Ballingall |first1=Alex |title=Green Party formally accepts Annamie Paul's resignation as leader |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/11/15/green-party-formally-accepts-annamie-pauls-resignation-as-leader.html |access-date=November 23, 2021 |work=Toronto Star |date=November 15, 2021 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164146/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/11/15/green-party-formally-accepts-annamie-pauls-resignation-as-leader.html |url-status=live }} and O'Toole was ousted as Conservative leader by his party's caucus in February 2022 over the poor showing in the election and other disagreements ongoing at the time. In March 2022, the NDP and Liberals formed a confidence and supply agreement which lasted until the NDP withdrew in September 2024.{{Cite web |title=Liberals, NDP agree to confidence deal seeing Trudeau government maintain power until 2025 |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-ndp-agree-to-confidence-deal-seeing-trudeau-government-maintain-power-until-2025-1.5829116 |website=CTV News |date=March 22, 2022 |first1=Rachel |last1=Aiello|access-date=March 23, 2022 |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322132559/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-ndp-agree-to-confidence-deal-seeing-trudeau-government-maintain-power-until-2025-1.5829116 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |title=The NDP is ending its governance agreement with the Liberals {{!}} CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jagmeet-singh-ndp-ending-agreement-1.7312910 |access-date=December 25, 2024 |work=CBC News |date=September 4, 2024}}
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Background
The 2019 Canadian federal election resulted in the Liberals, led by incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, losing both their parliamentary majority and the popular vote but nevertheless winning the most seats and remaining in office as a minority government. The Conservatives, who had gained seats and won the popular vote, continued as the Official Opposition. The Bloc Québécois regained official party status and became the third party, replacing the New Democrats in that role, with the latter party losing seats but maintaining official party status as the fourth party. Although the Greens increased their seats in the House of Commons, they ultimately failed to achieve the required number of MPs (twelve) for official party status. No other party won any seats.{{cite news|url=https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/elections/federal/2019/results/|title=Federal election 2019 live results|agency=CBC|date=October 22, 2019|accessdate=September 21, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022042024/https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/elections/federal/2019/results/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Zimonjic|first=Peter|date=October 22, 2019|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-results-2019-cbc-leaders-1.5329485|title=Liberals take losses but win enough in Quebec and Ontario to form minority government|agency=CBC|accessdate=September 21, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022165202/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-results-2019-cbc-leaders-1.5329485|url-status=live}}
In the immediate aftermath of the 2019 federal election, all leaders initially announced that they would continue as the heads of their respective parties into the 43rd Canadian Parliament.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-day-after-leadership-1.5330592|title=Singh says he's 'not at all' worried about a leadership challenge after NDP's election disappointment|last=Tunney|first=Catharine|date=October 22, 2019|agency=CBC News|access-date=October 28, 2019|archive-date=October 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028043516/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-day-after-leadership-1.5330592|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/big-gains-for-the-bloc-québécois-but-what-did-it-sacrifice-in-the-process-1.5330056|title=Big gains for the Bloc Québécois, but what did it sacrifice in the process?|last=Montpetit|first=Jonathan|date=October 22, 2019|work=CBC News|access-date=October 28, 2019|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106164018/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/big-gains-for-the-bloc-qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois-but-what-did-it-sacrifice-in-the-process-1.5330056|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-staying-on-leader-1.5330762|title=Andrew Scheer says he's staying on as leader, will fight Trudeau in the next election|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|date=October 22, 2019|agency=CBC News|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=October 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028045536/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-staying-on-leader-1.5330762|url-status=live}} Elizabeth May said that she might not lead the Greens into the 44th federal election, and ultimately resigned as Green Party leader on November 4, 2019.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-priorities-letter-trudeau-1.5333869|title=Elizabeth May says she's staying on as leader – for now|last=Zimonjic|first=Peter|date=October 24, 2019|agency=CBC News|access-date=October 28, 2019|archive-date=July 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210639/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-priorities-letter-trudeau-1.5333869|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/elizabeth-may-steps-down-as-green-party-leader-1.4669169|title=Elizabeth May steps down as Green Party leader|date=November 4, 2019|website=CTV News|access-date=November 4, 2019|last1=Aiello|first1=Rachel|location=Ottawa|archive-date=November 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105033347/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/elizabeth-may-steps-down-as-green-party-leader-1.4669169|url-status=live}} On November 6, 2019, the members of the Conservative caucus decided not to adopt a measure which would have given them the ability to remove Andrew Scheer as leader; his leadership would still have been reviewed at the party's next convention, which was scheduled for April 2020.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-post-caucus-election-1.5350662|title=Scheer's leadership safe for now after Conservative caucus vote|date=November 6, 2019|agency=CBC News|access-date=November 7, 2019|last1=Zimonjic|first1=Peter|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106231025/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-post-caucus-election-1.5350662|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6135359/andrew-scheer-leadership-conservative-caucus/|title=In a win for Andrew Scheer, Conservative MPs vote against reforming leadership review process|website=Global News|access-date=November 7, 2019|date=November 6, 2019|last1=Levitz|first1=Stephanie|agency=The Canadian Press|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106231321/https://globalnews.ca/news/6135359/andrew-scheer-leadership-conservative-caucus/|url-status=live}} On December 12, Scheer announced his intention to resign as leader.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-resigns-1.5393803|title=Andrew Scheer stepping down as Conservative Party leader|access-date=December 12, 2019|last1=Harris|first1=Kathleen|last2=Tunney|first2= Catharine|agency=CBC News|date=December 12, 2019|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212172300/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-resigns-1.5393803|url-status=live}} He stayed on until his successor Erin O'Toole was chosen and remains as the MP for Regina—Qu'Appelle.{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6288286/andrew-scheer-resignation/|title=Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer resigns, vows to stay on until new leader chosen|website=Global News|access-date=December 14, 2019|date=December 12, 2019|last=Connolly|first=Amanda|archive-date=September 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925195209/https://globalnews.ca/news/6288286/andrew-scheer-resignation/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/andrew-scheer-stepping-down-as-conservative-leader-staying-on-until-replacement-chosen-1.4727310|title=Andrew Scheer stepping down as Conservative leader, staying on until replacement chosen|date=December 12, 2019|website=CTVNews|access-date=December 14, 2019|last1=Aiello|first1=Rachel|location=Ottawa|archive-date=December 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214000128/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/andrew-scheer-stepping-down-as-conservative-leader-staying-on-until-replacement-chosen-1.4727310|url-status=live}}
On August 15, 2021, after a request from Prime Minister Trudeau, the Governor General dissolved parliament and called an election for September 20.{{cite news |last=Aiello |first=Rachel |title=Trudeau calls federal election, voters to go to the polls Sept. 20 |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815 |access-date=August 15, 2021 |agency=CTV News |publisher=Bell Media |date=August 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815154520/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/trudeau-calls-federal-election-voters-to-go-to-the-polls-sept-20-1.5547815 |url-status=live }}
=Political parties and standings=
{{additional citations|date=April 2025}}
The table below lists parties represented and seats held in the House of Commons after the 2019 federal election, at dissolution, and after the 2021 federal election. An expected by-election in Haldimand—Norfolk to fill the vacant seat was rendered moot by the commencement of the general election.
File:CanadianFederalElection2021PollingStation.jpg
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Name ! rowspan="2" |Ideology ! rowspan="2" |Position ! rowspan="2" |Leader ! colspan="2" |2019 result ! rowspan="2" |Seats at ! colspan="2" |2021 result |
| Votes (%)
!Seats !Votes (%) !Seats |
|---|
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}};" |
|{{ubl|Liberalism|Social liberalism}} |Centre to centre-left |{{percentage bar|33.12|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}}} |{{Composition bar|157|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}}} |{{Composition bar|155|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}}} |{{percentage bar|32.62|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}}} |{{Composition bar|160|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}};" |
|{{ubl|Conservatism|Economic liberalism|Fiscal conservatism}} |{{percentage bar|34.34|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}}} |{{Composition bar|121|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}}} |{{Composition bar|119|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}}} |{{percentage bar|33.74|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}}} |{{Composition bar|119|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ}};" |
|{{ubl|Quebec nationalism|Social democracy}} |{{percentage bar|7.63|c=#87CEFA}} |{{Composition bar|32|338|#87CEFA}} |{{Composition bar|32|338|#87CEFA}} |{{percentage bar|7.64|c=#87CEFA}} |{{Composition bar|32|338|#87CEFA}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}};" |
|{{ubl|Social democracy|Democratic socialism}} |Centre-left to left-wing |{{percentage bar|15.98|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}}} |{{Composition bar|24|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}}} |{{Composition bar|24|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}}} |{{percentage bar|17.82|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}}} |{{Composition bar|25|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}};" |
| |{{percentage bar|6.55|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}}} |{{Composition bar|3|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}}} |{{Composition bar|2|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}}} |{{percentage bar|2.33|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}}} |{{Composition bar|2|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}};" |
|{{ubl|Right-wing populism|Canadian nationalism|Conservatism}} |Right-wing to far-right |{{percentage bar|1.62|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}}} |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}}} |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}}} |{{percentage bar|4.94|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}}} |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}}} |
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}};" |
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |N/A |{{percentage bar|0.41|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}}}} |{{Composition bar|1|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}}}} |{{Composition bar|5|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}}}} |{{percentage bar|0.19|c={{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}}}} |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent}}}} |
| |Vacant seats
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |N/A | style="text-align:center;" |– |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Vacant}}}} |{{Composition bar|1|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Vacant}}}} | style="text-align:center;" |– |{{Composition bar|0|338|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Vacant}}}} |
| colspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |Source:
| colspan="8" style="background:#FFFFFF;" |Elections Canada{{cite web |title=Map of Canada – The 44th Parliament |url=https://www.elections.ca/res/cir/maps2/images/parlimap_44_e.pdf |website=Elections Canada |access-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421000000/https://www.elections.ca/res/cir/maps2/images/parlimap_44_e.pdf |archive-date=21 April 2025 |format=PDF |url-status=live}} |
=Incumbents not running for re-election=
Below are the 31 MPs who chose not to run in the 2021 federal election.
=Incumbent not renominated=
One MP was not renominated by his party:
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| colspan="2" |Member of Parliament
!Electoral district !Province or territory !Date announced |
|---|
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} |
|{{sortname|Michel|Boudrias}}{{cite news|url= https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1814257/bloc-quebecois-bq-investitures-candidature-nathalie-sinclair-desgagnes|last= Labbé|first= Jérôme|date= August 4, 2021|title= Le député de Terrebonne Michel Boudrias mis à l'écart par le Bloc québécois|trans-title= Terrebonne MP Michel Boudrias dumped by the Bloc Québécois|language=fr-CA|work= Radio-Canada|access-date= August 17, 2021|archive-date= August 8, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210808230422/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1814257/bloc-quebecois-bq-investitures-candidature-nathalie-sinclair-desgagnes|url-status= live}} |August 4, 2021 |
Timeline
{{See also|43rd Canadian Parliament}}
{{reflist|group=a|30em}}
=2019=
- November 4, 2019: Elizabeth May resigns as leader of the Green Party of Canada, triggering a leadership election scheduled for October 2020.
- December 12, 2019: Andrew Scheer announces his intention to step down as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, triggering a leadership election scheduled for August 2020.
=2020=
- August 23–24, 2020: Erin O'Toole is elected leader of the Conservative Party.
- October 3, 2020: Annamie Paul is elected leader of the Green Party.
=2021=
- August 15, 2021: Parliament is dissolved and writs of election are dropped.{{cite web |first1=Catharine|last1=Tunney|first2=Christian|last2=Paas-Lang|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-call-1.6141189|title= Federal election officially called for Sept. 20|access-date= August 15, 2021|work= CBC News|date= August 15, 2021|archive-date= August 15, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210815154523/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-call-1.6141189|url-status= live}}
- September 2, 2021: First French language leaders' debate, organized by TVA Nouvelles.
- September 8, 2021: Second French language leaders' debate, organized by the Leaders' Debate Commission.
- September 9, 2021: English language leaders' debate, organized by the Leaders' Debate Commission.
- September 10–13, 2021: Advance polling.
- September 14, 2021: Last day to apply online for mail-in voting. Last day to vote by Special Ballot at a Returning Office.
- September 20, 2021: Election Day.
Endorsements
Campaign
= Early campaign (August 2021) =
File:Canadian federal election 2021 in Rosemont.jpg]]
The election call occurred at the same time as the fall of Kabul, on August 15.{{cite news|last1=Kirkup|first1=Kristy|last2=Fife|first2=Robert|date=September 21, 2021|title=After failing to secure majority, Trudeau will face questions within his caucus|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-after-failing-to-secure-majority-trudeau-will-face-questions-within/|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222212755/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-after-failing-to-secure-majority-trudeau-will-face-questions-within/|url-status=live}} Trudeau thus received criticism for not acting fast enough in the face of the 2021 Taliban offensive to evacuate Canadians from Afghanistan, as well as Afghans who supported Canada's military and diplomatic efforts during the War.
Criticism of Trudeau's decision to call an early election, particularly amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, was a major theme of his opponents' campaigns, and commentators noted a lack of support for a snap election amongst the public.{{cite news|date=August 22, 2021|title=Jagmeet Singh says election timing may have impeded Canada's Afghanistan response|work=The Globe and Mail|agency=The Canadian Press|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-jagmeet-singh-says-election-timing-may-have-impeded-canadas/|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-date=November 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130141647/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-jagmeet-singh-says-election-timing-may-have-impeded-canadas/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=August 25, 2021|title=Canada election 2021: 'Why' we're having an election isn't clear to Canadian voters, expert says|agency=Yahoo News|url=https://news.yahoo.com/canada-election-2021-vote-covid-19-pandemic-230040125.html|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008184422/https://news.yahoo.com/canada-election-2021-vote-covid-19-pandemic-230040125.html|url-status=live}}{{cite AV media|date=September 7, 2021|title=Trudeau pressed on why he called election during pandemic|publisher=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1941782083510| people=Justin Trudeau|access-date=October 7, 2021 |medium=Video |archive-date=October 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009001734/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1941782083510|url-status=live}}
The beginning of the campaign proved difficult for the Liberals, who slightly fell behind the Conservatives in the polls of voting intentions.{{cite news|last1= Argitis|first1= Theophilos|last2= Hagan|first2= Shelly|date= August 23, 2021|title= Trudeau Off to Rocky Start in Canada's Snap Election Campaign|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-23/trudeau-off-to-rocky-start-in-canada-s-snap-election-campaign|work= Bloomberg|access-date= December 22, 2021|archive-date= December 22, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222185810/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-23/trudeau-off-to-rocky-start-in-canada-s-snap-election-campaign|url-status= live}} The Conservative released their platform on the second day of the campaign. The party tried to change its image with this document by putting more focus on the environment, mental health, and LGBTQ+ rights issues.{{cite news|last= Gagnon|first= Marc-André|date= August 16, 2021|title= Changement d'image pour le chef du Parti conservateur|trans-title= Change of image for the Conservative leader|url= https://www.journaldequebec.com/2021/08/16/otoole-promet-1-million-demplois-dans-sa-plateforme-electorale|language= French|work= Le Journal de Québec|location= Quebec|access-date= December 22, 2021|archive-date= October 8, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221008152959/https://www.journaldequebec.com/2021/08/16/otoole-promet-1-million-demplois-dans-sa-plateforme-electorale|url-status= live}} Meanwhile, Trudeau attacked the new Conservative leader Erin O'Toole on the topics of compulsory vaccination for federal officials, abortion and the privatization of health care.{{cite news|last= Bellavance|first= Joël-Denis|date= August 25, 2021|title= Les cartouches à blanc de Justin Trudeau|trans-title= Justin Trudeau is shooting blanks|url= https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/analyse/2021-08-25/les-cartouches-a-blanc-de-justin-trudeau.php|language= French|work= La Presse|location= Montreal|access-date= December 22, 2021|archive-date= December 22, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222190045/https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/analyse/2021-08-25/les-cartouches-a-blanc-de-justin-trudeau.php|url-status= live}}
On August 25, Minister for Women and Gender Equality Maryam Monsef referred to the Taliban as "our brothers". Many on social media shared the video of this statement, and saw this as an indication that she felt sympathetic to the terrorist group. Monsef said that this was false, and further stated that she only chose those words because Muslims tend to refer to each other as "brothers".{{cite news|last=Connolly|first=Amanda|date=August 25, 2021|title=Maryam Monsef called the Taliban 'brothers.' Here's what you need to know|publisher=Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8139879/maryam-monsef-taliban-brothers-afghanistan-crisis/|access-date=September 21, 2022|archive-date=September 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912211958/http://globalnews.ca/news/8139879/maryam-monsef-taliban-brothers-afghanistan-crisis/|url-status=live}}
On August 27, 2021, Trudeau was forced to cancel a campaign rally set for Bolton, Ontario, over security concerns arising from groups of protestors yelling obscenities at Trudeau. There were previous incidents of protesters showing up at his rallies criticizing COVID-19 vaccines and public health measures.{{cite web|date=August 28, 2021|title=Canada election: Justin Trudeau rally cancelled after angry protests|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58364742|access-date=September 26, 2021|publisher=BBC News|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926211508/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58364742|url-status=live}}
=Issues on the campaign trail=
==Foreign policy==
Foreign policy debates focused on China and the situation in Afghanistan. For Afghanistan, discussions focused on ways to mitigate the immediate humanitarian crisis facing the country.{{Cite web|last=Turnbull|first=Sarah|date=August 26, 2021|title=Afghanistan crisis dominates campaign trail as Canada's evacuation mission ends|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/afghanistan-crisis-dominates-campaign-trail-as-canada-s-evacuation-mission-ends-1.5562307|url-status=live|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=CTVNews|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826185228/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-election-2021/afghanistan-crisis-dominates-campaign-trail-as-canada-s-evacuation-mission-ends-1.5562307 |archive-date=August 26, 2021 }}{{Cite web|last1=Thevenot|first1=Shelby|last2=El-Assal|first2=Kareem|date=August 16, 2021|title=Afghan refugee crisis: Will it impact Canada's election? {{!}} Canada Immigration News|url=https://www.cicnews.com/2021/08/afghan-refugees-will-it-impact-canadas-election-0818898.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=www.cicnews.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816160819/https://www.cicnews.com/2021/08/afghan-refugees-will-it-impact-canadas-election-0818898.html |archive-date=August 16, 2021 }} The group Canadian Campaign for Afghan Peace launched an open letter on August 17 calling on political parties to take position of the new situation in Afghanistan.{{Cite news|last=Draaisma|first=Muriel|date=August 21, 2021|title=Make Afghanistan a Canadian election issue, new group urges political parties|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/canadian-campaign-for-afghan-peace-afghanistan-federal-election-humanitarian-crisis-1.6148969|access-date=January 8, 2022|archive-date=January 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108204341/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/canadian-campaign-for-afghan-peace-afghanistan-federal-election-humanitarian-crisis-1.6148969|url-status=live}}
The campaign took place during the extradition case of Meng Wanzhou, which had exacerbated tensions between Canada and China. O'Toole accused Trudeau of being "weak on China", and promised to scale up Canada's hostility towards the country if elected.{{Cite web|last=Bratchford|first=Andy|date=August 15, 2021|title=Beijing shoves Canada's China problem into the path of Trudeau's reelection quest|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/15/canada-china-trudeau-election-504476|url-status=live|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=POLITICO|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815105416/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/15/canada-china-trudeau-election-504476 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 }}{{Cite web|last=McCulloch|first=Craig|date=September 19, 2021|title=China Wades into Canadian Election|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/china-wades-into-canadian-election/6234529.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=VOA|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919063652/https://www.voanews.com/a/china-wades-into-canadian-election/6234529.html |archive-date=September 19, 2021 }}
According to Shadwick Martin, the tendency to relegate defence and foreign policy to minor appearances continued in 2021. He argues that the Liberals did not deviate from their government's existing foreign policy, while the Conservatives produced a lengthy list of reforms that one commentator described as "scattered and unfocused". The NDP's propositions were essentially unchanged from 2019.{{cite journal |last1= Shadwick|first1= Martin|date= Winter 2021|title= Defence and the 'Seinfeld Election'|url= |journal= Canadian Military Journal|volume= 22|issue= 1|pages= 58{{en dash}}62}}
==Climate change==
As in 2019, climate change was a major issue in the campaign. In March 2021, Conservative leader O'Toole announced a carbon pricing plan to replace the current Liberal carbon tax, despite previous Conservative opposition to any form of a carbon tax.{{cite web |last1=Cochrane |first1=David |last2=Shivji |first2=Salimah |last3=Wherry |first3=Aaron |title=Conservatives announce plan to replace Liberal carbon tax with a lower levy of their own |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/carbon-tax-conservatives-1.5988407 |website=CBC News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=April 15, 2021 |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926211507/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/carbon-tax-conservatives-1.5988407 |url-status=live }} There was thus a broad consensus among all represented parties for policies to mitigate climate change, although they differed in the emissions targets, the level of the carbon tax, and the transition path to a clean economy. Only the People's Party opposed all climate change policies and vowed to withdraw from the Paris climate accord.{{Cite news|last=Chung|first=Emily|date=September 12, 2021|title=Climate change and the election: Compare party platforms|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/climate-platforms-1.6171619|access-date=December 28, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228214525/https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/climate-platforms-1.6171619|url-status=live}}
==COVID-19==
The COVID-19 pandemic was a major campaign issue. The Liberal party sought to defend its pandemic response, while trying to tie Erin O'Toole to Alberta Premier Jason Kenney. O'Toole always sidestepped questions about his previous support for Kenney's pandemic response by saying he would work with any premier to face the pandemic regardless of their political stripes.{{Cite news|last=Scherer|first=Steve|date=September 16, 2021|title=Canada's Trudeau Hammers Main Election Rival's COVID-19 Approach|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-09-16/canada-pm-trudeau-says-main-election-rival-has-shown-poor-leadership-on-covid|access-date=December 28, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228214526/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-09-16/canada-pm-trudeau-says-main-election-rival-has-shown-poor-leadership-on-covid|url-status=live}} During the campaign, Alberta was experiencing its worst wave of the pandemic in terms of hospitalisations.{{Cite web|last=Black|first=Matthew|date=March 30, 2020|title=Infographics: COVID-19 in Alberta by the numbers|url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/infographics-covid-19-in-alberta-by-the-numbers-1.4874153|access-date=December 28, 2021|website=Edmonton|language=en|archive-date=March 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331183122/https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/infographics-covid-19-in-alberta-by-the-numbers-1.4874153|url-status=live}}
Meanwhile other parties explained what they would have done differently had they been in a similar situation. The Bloc Québecois criticized the amount of money invested in Federal aid for workers, especially the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB).{{Cite web|date=August 3, 2021|title=Le Bloc réclame une réflexion sur la Prestation canadienne de relance économique|trans-title=The Bloc calls for a reflection on the Canada Recovery Benefit|url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1814058/bloc-quebecois-pcu-pcre-pandemie|url-status=live|access-date=December 28, 2021|website=Radio-Canada.ca|language=fr-ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804030158/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1814058/bloc-quebecois-pcu-pcre-pandemie |archive-date=August 4, 2021 }} The NDP, on the other hand, criticized the government's "aggressive" crackdown on possibly fraudulent CERB claims, while calling for clawing back wage subsidy payments to companies who fired their workers while received this benefit.{{Cite web|last=Reynolds|first=Christopher|date=May 22, 2021|title=NDP demands federal wage-subsidy clawbacks, but critics question feasibility|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/ndp-demands-federal-wage-subsidy-clawbacks-but-critics-question-feasibility-1.5439389|access-date=December 28, 2021|website=CTVNews|language=en|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228214526/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/ndp-demands-federal-wage-subsidy-clawbacks-but-critics-question-feasibility-1.5439389|url-status=live}} The People's Party was the only party opposing vaccine passports, mask mandates and lockdowns.{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Stephanie|date=September 11, 2021|title=Are the Conservatives worried about the People's Party of Canada – or should they be?|work=Toronto Star|url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal-election/2021/09/11/are-the-conservatives-worried-about-the-peoples-party-of-canada-or-should-they-be.html|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222190614/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal-election/2021/09/11/are-the-conservatives-worried-about-the-peoples-party-of-canada-or-should-they-be.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web |last1=Debusmann |first1=Bernd |title=Canada election: 'Mad Max' and why his party is on the rise |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58573878 |website=BBC News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=September 15, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927062310/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58573878 |url-status=live }}
==Gun control==
In September 2021, O'Toole changed his position on gun control. Reverting from his initial promise of repealing Prime Minister Trudeau's May 2020 ban on assault weapons, he changed his stance on the issue, promising that he would not repeal the ban.{{cite web |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |title=O'Toole amends platform on gun control, but questions remain about what change means |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/otoole-trudeau-gun-control-platform-change-1.6166354 |website=CBC News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907004736/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/otoole-trudeau-gun-control-platform-change-1.6166354 |url-status=live }} Political commentators and analysts described O'Toole's leadership as shifting the Conservative Party to the political centre.{{cite web |last1=Le Couteur |first1=Mike |title=O'Toole's election gamble – swinging Tories to the centre |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8204059/erin-otoole-canada-election-right-centre/ |website=Global News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=September 19, 2021 |archive-date=September 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923105533/https://globalnews.ca/news/8204059/erin-otoole-canada-election-right-centre/ |url-status=live }}
==Implosion of the Green Party==
The Green Party of Canada experienced a period of infighting beginning in June 2021, when Jenica Atwin, one of its three MPs, crossed the floor to join the Liberal Party over a dispute regarding the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis.{{Cite web|last=Connolly|first=Amanda|date=July 8, 2021|title='Hiccups' or 'implosion'? Green Party turmoil keeps focus on Paul as election talk grows |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8013750/green-party-turmoil-annamie-paul-election/|url-status=live|access-date=December 28, 2021|website=Global News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708214518/https://globalnews.ca/news/8013750/green-party-turmoil-annamie-paul-election/ |archive-date=July 8, 2021 }} Although there were calls for the party leader Annamie Paul to resign, she stayed on as leader through the federal election. She spent the majority of the election campaigning in her chosen riding of Toronto Centre, but failed to win the seat.{{Cite news|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|date=September 27, 2021|title=Annamie Paul is stepping down as Green Party leader|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/annamie-paul-stepping-down-green-leader-1.6190793|access-date=December 28, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153003/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/annamie-paul-stepping-down-green-leader-1.6190793|url-status=live}}
== Rise of the People's Party ==
The campaign was also marked by a rise in support for the People's Party of Canada. Before the election, Mainstreet Research gave the party more than 8 per cent of the vote,{{cite news|last=Emmanuel|first=Rachel|date=September 17, 2021|title=PPC spells trouble for Conservatives in Ontario battlegrounds|work=iPolitics|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/17/ppc-spells-trouble-for-conservatives-in-ontario-battlegrounds/|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222211336/https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/17/ppc-spells-trouble-for-conservatives-in-ontario-battlegrounds/|url-status=live}} and Abacus Data noted particularly high scores among Canadians under the age of 60.{{cite web|author=|date=September 19, 2021|title=Abacus Data's Final Poll: Conservatives and Liberals are statistically tied on the eve of Election Day in Canada|url=https://abacusdata.ca/election-2021-final-poll-abacus-data/|website=abacusdata.ca|publisher=Abacus Data|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=June 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629175016/https://abacusdata.ca/election-2021-final-poll-abacus-data/|url-status=live}} Justin Trudeau and Yves-François Blanchet indirectly accused the Conservatives for the rise of the PPC, with Trudeau notably criticizing Erin O'Toole for not requiring his party's candidates to be vaccinated.{{cite news|last=Sanikopoulos|first=Audrey|date=September 12, 2021|title=Progression du Parti populaire du Canada : les chefs fédéraux amenés à réagir|language=French|trans-title=The People's Party's advance: the federal leaders are forced to react|work=TVA Nouvelles|url=https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2021/09/12/progression-du-parti-populaire-du-canada-les-chefs-federaux-amenes-a-reagir-1|access-date=December 22, 2021|archive-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222190614/https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2021/09/12/progression-du-parti-populaire-du-canada-les-chefs-federaux-amenes-a-reagir-1|url-status=live}}
= Campaign slogans =
| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
!Party !English !French (translation) |
| Liberal Party of Canada
|"Avançons ensemble." ("Let's move forward together.") |
| Conservative Party of Canada
|"Agir pour l'avenir." ("Act for the Future.") |
| New Democratic Party
|"Oser ensemble" ("Dare Together") |
| Bloc Québécois
|{{center|N/A}} |"Québécois" ("Quebec", in its adjective form) |
| Green Party of Canada
|"Faites le saut." ("Take the Leap.") and "Il faut de l'audace." ("It takes boldness.") |
= Policy platforms =
| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
!Party !Full platform |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|colour&name}} |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|colour&name}} |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|colour&name}} |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|colour&name}} |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|colour&name}} |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|colour&name}} |
=Platform evaluations=
The Parliamentary Budget Officer provides a service to all parties for evaluating the financial impact of any of their proposals, but does not release details until the requesting party has done so as well.{{cite news|last= Lebine|first= Jeff|date= August 9, 2021|title= PBO explains procedure for costing parties' campaign promises|url= https://ipolitics.ca/2021/08/09/pbo-explains-procedure-for-parties-pre-election-cost-estimates/|work= iPolitics|access-date= December 21, 2021|archive-date= December 20, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220223957/https://ipolitics.ca/2021/08/09/pbo-explains-procedure-for-parties-pre-election-cost-estimates/|url-status= live}} After the election, the PBO revealed that 130 requests had been received from all parties, of which only 72 were made public.{{cite web|url= https://distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca/7039b1e75c9a995eb0c6bfa8bfc0e5d18bc435c2b159ab30a405c34fcb95bd76|title= Assessment of PBO's election proposal costing service for the 44th General Election|author= |date= November 2021|website= pbo-dpb.ca|publisher= Parliamentary Budget Officer|page= 7|access-date= December 21, 2021|archive-date= December 20, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220223951/https://distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca/7039b1e75c9a995eb0c6bfa8bfc0e5d18bc435c2b159ab30a405c34fcb95bd76|url-status= live}}{{cite web|url= https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/epc-estimates--estimations-cpe?epc-cmp--eid=44|title= 44th General Election: PBO Estimates|author= |access-date= December 20, 2021|website= pbo-dpb.ca|publisher= Parliamentary Budget Officer|archive-date= December 20, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220223956/https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/epc-estimates--estimations-cpe?epc-cmp--eid=44|url-status= live}} It did release a report outlining various baselines that were used in its costing exercises.{{cite web|url= https://distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca/0c1012241fb6faad32a0bccebbc2e2895ae46af211c4c75eba22edf5aa75d611|title= 2021 election proposal costing baseline|author= Various|date= August 2021|website= pbo-dpb.ca|publisher= Parliamentary Budget Officer|access-date= December 21, 2021|archive-date= January 6, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220106140048/https://distribution-a617274656661637473.pbo-dpb.ca/0c1012241fb6faad32a0bccebbc2e2895ae46af211c4c75eba22edf5aa75d611|url-status= live}}
The Institute of Fiscal Studies and Democracy at the University of Ottawa announced that their analysis of fiscal credibility showed the Liberal party had the best grade, as shown by the following ratings:{{cite web|url= https://www.ifsd.ca/en/blog/last-page-blog/elxn44-platform-assessment|title= Testing platforms through fiscal credibility: A summary of the 2021 platforms of the Liberal Party of Canada (LPC), Conservative Party of Canada (CPC), and New Democratic Party (NDP)|author= |date= September 16, 2021|website= ifsd.ca|publisher= Institute of Fiscal Studies and Democracy|access-date= December 21, 2021|archive-date= December 20, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220230104/https://www.ifsd.ca/en/blog/last-page-blog/elxn44-platform-assessment|url-status= live}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ IFSD party platform rankings, 2021 (Good = {{aye}}, Pass = {{yellow tick}}, Fail = {{nay}}) | ||||
| Party | Overall score | Realistic economic and fiscal assumptions | Responsible fiscal management | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|colour&name}}
|{{aye}} |{{aye}} |{{aye}} |{{aye}} | ||||
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|colour&name}}
|{{yellow tick}} |{{aye}} |{{nay}} |{{aye}} | ||||
| style="text-align:left;"|{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|colour&name}}
|{{yellow tick}} |{{aye}} |{{yellow tick}} |{{nay}} |
= Leaders' debates =
{{main|Canadian leaders' debates#2021 debates}}
In June 2020, the Leaders' Debates Commission released its report reviewing the 2019 election debates and making recommendations for future debates.{{cite news |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Report on federal election leaders' debates suggests permanent commission |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-commission-1.5593724 |work=CBC News |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015144423/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-commission-1.5593724 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=David |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Democracy Matters, Debates Count: A report on the 2019 Leaders' Debates Commission and the future of debates in Canada |url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report |work=Leaders' Debates Commission |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102120810/https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report/ |url-status=live }} The report recommended a permanent and publicly funded commission be tasked with organizing two debates for every federal election. It also called for the commission, not the government, to set the criteria for participation in future election debates.
The English-language debate gained notoriety when the moderator posed a question to Blanchet that characterized Quebec's law on secularism as "discriminatory". He challenged her use of that word, and the response was seen by some as a turning point in the Bloc's campaign, which gained in the polls after the debate.{{cite web |last1=Stevenson |first1=Verity |title=Controversial question in English debate may have galvanized Bloc voters |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-debate-reaction-1.6176663 |website=CBC News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926213012/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-debate-reaction-1.6176663 |url-status=live }}
| class="wikitable" style="text-justify: none"
|+ 2021 Canadian general election debates | ||||
| style="font-size:small;"
! rowspan="3" | Date ! rowspan="3" | Organizers ! rowspan="3" | Location ! rowspan="3" | Language ! rowspan="3" | Moderator ! colspan="6" |{{Colors|black|#99ff99| P }} Participant {{Colors|black|#49FFCC| A }} Absent (invited) {{Colors|black|#D0F0C0| I }} Invited {{Colors|black|#ff9999| N }} Not invited ! rowspan="3" | Source | ||||
| style="width:6em;" | Trudeau
! style="width:6em;" | O'Toole ! style="width:6em;" | Blanchet ! style="width:6em;" | Singh ! style="width:6em;" | Paul ! style="width:6em;" | Bernier | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}" |
! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}" | ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ}}" | ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP}}" | ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green}}" | ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC}}" | | ||||
| {{dts|2021|09|02}} | TVA Nouvelles | Montreal | French | Pierre Bruneau
| style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#FF9999; color:black; text-align:center;"|N | style="background-color:#FF9999; color:black; text-align:center;"|N |{{Cite web|title=Fédérales 2021: le "Face-à-Face" aura lieu le 2 septembre|url=https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2021/08/18/federales-2021-le-face-a-face-aura-lieu-le-2-septembre|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=TVA Nouvelles|date=August 18, 2021 |language=fr|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818223309/https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2021/08/18/federales-2021-le-face-a-face-aura-lieu-le-2-septembre|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Laframboise|first=Kalina|date=September 2, 2021|title=Federal leaders hold first election debate, talk COVID-19 and vaccinations|work=Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8161789/canada-election-leaders-french-debate-tva-2021/|access-date=September 2, 2021|archive-date=September 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902222205/https://globalnews.ca/news/8161789/canada-election-leaders-french-debate-tva-2021/|url-status=live}} |
| {{dts|2021|09|08}} | rowspan=2|Leaders' Debates Commission | rowspan=2|Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau | French | Patrice Roy
| style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#FF9999; color:black; text-align:center;"|N |{{Cite news|date=August 15, 2021|title=Federal leaders' debates set for September 8, 9|work=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-leaders-debates-1.6141757|access-date=August 15, 2021|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815185226/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-leaders-debates-1.6141757|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=2021 Participation Criteria and invitations|url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/participation-criteria/44/|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=Leaders' Debates Commission|archive-date=August 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031130/https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/participation-criteria/44/|url-status=live}} |
| {{dts|2021|09|09}} | English | Shachi Kurl
| style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;"|P | style="background-color:#FF9999; color:black; text-align:center;"|N |
On August 29, Ici Radio-Canada Télé hosted a special broadcast consisting of a series of solo interviews with each leader in turn, with questions posed by Patrice Roy, Céline Galipeau and Anne-Marie Dussault. This format was not attempted by any of the other broadcasters.{{cite news|last1= Blouin|first1= Louis|last2= Girard|first2= Joëlle|last3= Cloutier|first3= Jean-Sébastien|last4= Ménard|first4= Marc-Antoine|date= August 30, 2021|title= Cinq chefs, une élection : des questions serrées avant les débats à venir|trans-title= Five leaders, one election: focused questions before the debates to come|url= https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1820185/elections-chefs-partis-entrevue-politique-campagne-electorale|language= French|work= Ici Radio-Canada Télé|access-date= December 24, 2021|archive-date= December 24, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211224060527/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1820185/elections-chefs-partis-entrevue-politique-campagne-electorale|url-status= live}}
Opinion polls
{{main|Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election|Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election by constituency}}
{{Canadian federal election opinion polling|2008|2011|2015|2019|2021|byCon2=yes|byCon3=yes|byCon4=yes|byCon5=yes}}
File:Opinion polling during the campaign period of the 2021 Canadian federal election.svgs, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95 per cent confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.]]
File:Opinion polling during the pre-campaign period of the 44th Canadian federal election.svgs, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95 per cent confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.]]
{{clear}}
=Polls in key provinces=
{{Gallery
|title=Voter intentions through the course of the campaign
|width=160 | height=140
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Intentions de vote en Alberta (Campagne de 2021, fédéral).svg
|alt1=Opinion poll tracking in Alberta during 2021 campaign
|Alberta
|File:Intentions de vote en Colombie-Britannique (Campagne de 2021, fédéral).svg
|alt2=Opinion poll tracking in British Columbia during 2021 campaign
|British Columbia
|File:Intentions de vote en Ontario (Campagne de 2021, fédéral).svg
|alt3= Opinion poll tracking in Ontario during 2021 campaign
|Ontario
|File:Intentions de vote au Québec (Campagne de 2021, fédéral).svg
|alt4=Opinion poll tracking in Quebec during 2021 campaign
|Quebec
}}
Results
{{see also|Results breakdown of the 2021 Canadian federal election|Results of the 2021 Canadian federal election by riding}}
{{reflist|group=a}}
=Summary results=
=Full results=
The Liberals maintained their status as largest party in the House of Commons. The results were very close to those of the 2019 federal election.{{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau to Remain Prime Minister of Canada |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/09/20/world/canada-election-2021 |access-date=September 21, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=September 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111083150/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/09/20/world/canada-election-2021 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}} Updated September 24, 2021.
File:2021 House of Commons of Canada election.svg
{{row hover highlight}}
| class="wikitable mw-datatable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Summary of the 2021 Canadian federal election | |||||||||||
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Party leader ! rowspan="2" | Candidates ! colspan="5" | Seats ! colspan="5" | Popular vote | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019
! style="font-size:80%" | Dissol. ! 2021 ! style="font-size:80%" | Change ! style="font-size:80%" | % seats ! style="font-size:80%" | Votes ! style="font-size:80%" | Vote ! style="font-size:80%" | % ! style="font-size:80%" | pp change ! style="font-size:80%" | % where | |||||||||||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Justin Trudeau | 338{{efn|Includes Kitchener Centre candidate Raj Saini who withdrew, and Spadina—Fort York candidate Kevin Vuong who was removed as a candidate, both after the deadline for candidate registration, and thus remained on the ballot as Liberals.{{cite news |last1=Paas-Land |first1=Christian |last2=Burke |first2=Ashley |title=Embattled Liberal candidate Raj Saini ends campaign for re-election |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/raj-saini-ends-campaign-1.6165229 |access-date=September 5, 2021 |work=CBC News |date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905005517/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/raj-saini-ends-campaign-1.6165229 |url-status=live }}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/kevin-vuong-liberal-spadina-fort-york-1.6181154|title=Liberals cut ties with Toronto candidate over dropped sexual assault charge, military review|work=CBC News|date=September 18, 2021|access-date=September 18, 2021|archive-date=June 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610114343/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/kevin-vuong-liberal-spadina-fort-york-1.6181154|url-status=live}}}} | 157 | 155 | 160{{efn|name="LPC seat count"}} | {{increase}} 3 | 47.34% | 5,556,629 | {{decrease}} 462,099 | 32.62% | {{decrease}} 0.50pp | 32.62% | |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Erin O'Toole | 337{{efn|Includes Beaches—East York candidate Lisa Robinson, who was removed as a candidate after the deadline for candidate registration and thus remained on the ballot as a Conservative.{{cite news |last=Raycroft |first=Richard |title=Conservatives dump Toronto candidate over Islamophobic tweets |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-dump-candidate-tweets-1.6172320 |access-date=September 10, 2021 |work=CBC News |date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153008/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-dump-candidate-tweets-1.6172320 |url-status=live }} The Conservatives did not run a candidate in Dartmouth—Cole Harbour after their nominee withdrew shortly before the registration deadline.{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Taryn |title=Conservative candidate for Dartmouth-Cole Harbour denies sex assault allegation, steps down |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/troy-myers-conservative-dartmouth-cole-harbour-1.6158115 |access-date=September 10, 2021 |work=CBC News |date=August 30, 2021 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909071111/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/troy-myers-conservative-dartmouth-cole-harbour-1.6158115 |url-status=live }} }} | 121 | 119 | 119 | {{decrease}} 2 | 35.21% | 5,747,410 | {{decrease}} 491,817 | 33.74% | {{decrease}} 0.60pp | 33.83% | |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Yves-François Blanchet | 78 | 32 | 32 | 32 | {{steady}} | 9.47% | 1,301,615 | {{decrease}} 85,415 | 7.64% | {{increase}} 0.01pp | 32.11% | |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Jagmeet Singh | 338{{efn|Includes Toronto—St. Paul's candidate Sidney Coles and Cumberland—Colchester candidate Daniel Osborne, who both withdrew after the deadline for candidate registration and thus remained on the ballot as New Democrats.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-candidates-resign-1.6176338|title=2 NDP candidates resign, promising to learn more about anti-Semitism|work=CBC News|date=September 15, 2021|access-date=September 15, 2021|archive-date=September 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915122719/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-candidates-resign-1.6176338|url-status=live}}}} | 24 | 24 | 25 | {{increase}} 1 | 7.40% | 3,036,348 | {{increase}} 132,626 | 17.82% | {{increase}} 1.84pp | 17.82% | |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Annamie Paul | 252{{efn|Includes Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke candidate Michael Lariviere, who was removed as a candidate after the deadline for candidate registration and thus remained on the ballot as a Green.{{cite news|title=Green Party candidate withdraws in Ottawa Valley riding|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/michael-lariviere-green-party-renfrew-nipissing-pembroke-1.6182180|access-date=September 20, 2021|work=CBC News|date=September 20, 2021|archive-date=September 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920143402/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/michael-lariviere-green-party-renfrew-nipissing-pembroke-1.6182180|url-status=live}}}} | 3 | 2 | 2 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0.59% | 396,988 | {{decrease}} 792,619 | 2.33% | {{decrease}} 4.22pp | 3.07% | |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Maxime Bernier | 312 | – | – | – | 840,993 | {{increase}} 546,901 | 4.94% | {{increase}} 3.32pp | 5.31% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|FPC|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Michel Leclerc | 59 | {{N/A}} | – | – | 47,252 | {{N/A}} | 0.28% | {{N/A}} | 1.49% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Maverick|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Jay D. Hill (interim) | 29 | {{N/A}} | – | – | 35,178 | {{N/A}} | 0.21% | {{N/A}} | 2.30% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}}
| style="text-align:left" colspan="2" | Independent and No Affiliation | 91 | 1 | 5 | – | {{decrease}} 1 | 32,481 | {{decrease}} 41,810 | 0.19% | {{decrease}} 0.22pp | 0.69% | ||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Christian Heritage|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Rodney L. Taylor | 25 | – | – | – | 8,985 | {{decrease}} 9,916 | 0.05% | {{decrease}} 0.05pp | 0.67% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Rhinoceros|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Sébastien CoRhino | 27 | – | – | – | 6,085 | {{decrease}} 3,453 | 0.04% | {{decrease}} 0.01pp | 0.41% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Libertarian|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Jacques Boudreau | 13 | – | – | – | 4,765 | {{decrease}} 3,602 | 0.03% | {{decrease}} 0.02pp | 0.71% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Communist|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Elizabeth Rowley | 26 | – | – | – | 4,700 | {{increase}} 795 | 0.03% | {{increase}} 0.01pp | 0.36% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Marxist-Leninist|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Anna Di Carlo | 36 | – | – | – | 4,532 | {{increase}} 408 | 0.03% | {{increase}} 0.01pp | 0.26% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|{{lang|fr|Pour l'Indépendance du Québec|italics=no}}|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Michel Blondin | 10 | – | – | – | 2,934 | {{decrease}} 881 | 0.02% | {{steady}} | 0.51% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Animal Protection|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Liz White | 10 | – | – | – | 2,546 | {{decrease}} 1,862 | 0.01% | {{decrease}} 0.01pp | 0.48% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Marijuana|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | Blair T. Longley | 9 | – | – | – | 2,031 | {{increase}} 1,111 | 0.01% | {{steady}} | 0.42% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|VCP|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Randy David Joy | 7 | – | – | – | 1,246 | {{decrease}} 5,054 | 0.01% | {{decrease}} 0.02pp | 0.30% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Centrist|row-name}}
| style="text-align:left" | A.Q. Rana | 4 | {{N/A}} | – | – | 648 | {{N/A}} | 0.00% | {{N/A}} | 0.40% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NCA|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Stephen J. Garvey | 4 | – | – | – | 476 | {{decrease}} 34 | 0.00% | {{steady}} | 0.22% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|{{lang|fr|Patriote|italics=no}}|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Carl Brochu | 2 | {{N/A}} | – | – | 244 | {{N/A}} | 0.00% | {{N/A}} | 0.21% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Canada's Fourth Front|row-name}}Canada's Fourth Front changed its name to Direct Democracy Party of Canada shortly after the election. (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Partap Dua | 2 | – | – | – | 105 | {{decrease}} 577 | 0.00% | {{steady}} | 0.09% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Canadian Nationalist|row-name}} (D)
| style="text-align:left" | Gus Stefanis | 1 | – | – | – | 52 | {{decrease}} 229 | 0.00% | {{steady}} | 0.14% | |||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Vacant|row}}
| style="text-align:left" colspan="4" | Vacant | 1 | colspan="8" {{N/A}} | ||||||||||
| style="text-align:left" colspan="9" | Total valid votes | 17,034,243 | {{decrease}} 1,136,637 | 100.00% | – | – | ||||||
| colspan="14" | | |||||||||||
| style="text-align:left" colspan="9" | Total rejected ballots | 175,568 | {{decrease}} 3,697 | 1.02% | {{increase}} 0.04pp | – | ||||||
| style="text-align:left" colspan="3" | Total | 2,010 | 338 | 338 | 338 | – | 100.00% | 17,209,811 | {{decrease}} 1,140,334 | 100.00% | – | 100.00% |
| style="text-align:left" colspan="9" | Electorate (eligible voters)/turnout | 27,366,297 | {{decrease}} 6,761 | 62.89% | {{decrease}} 4.14pp | – | ||||||
| style="text-align:left; background-color:#EAECF0" colspan="14" | Source: House of Commons,{{Cite web|title=Party Standings in the House of Commons – Members of Parliament – House of Commons of Canada|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/party-standings|access-date=September 1, 2021|website=House of Commons|archive-date=April 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408154122/https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/party-standings|url-status=live}} validated and judicial recount results;{{cite web |title=September 20, 2021 General Election National Results |url=https://www.elections.ca/enr/help/national_e.htm |website=Elections Canada |access-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926164048/https://www.elections.ca/enr/help/national_e.htm |url-status=live }} full results spreadsheet{{cite web |title=untitled |url=https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx |website=Elections Canada |access-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325184947/https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx |url-status=live }} (D) indicates a party deregistered before the next election |
= Results by province =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+Distribution of seats and popular vote %, by party by province/territory (2021) | |||||||||||||
| colspan="3"|Party name
! BC ! AB ! SK ! MB ! ON ! QC ! NB ! NS ! PE ! NL ! YT ! NT ! NU ! Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Liberal |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |15 | 2 | – | 4 | 78 | 35 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | – | 160 |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |27.0 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 27.9 | 39.3 | 33.6 | 42.4 | 42.3 | 46.2 | 47.7 | 33.4 | 38.2 | 35.9 | 32.6 |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Conservative |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |13 | 30 | 14 | 7 | 37 | 10 | 4 | 3 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 119 |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |33.2 | 55.3 | 59.0 | 39.2 | 34.9 | 18.6 | 33.6 | 29.4 | 31.6 | 32.5 | 26.3 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 33.7 |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|NDP |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |13 | 2 | – | 3 | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 25 |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |29.2 | 19.1 | 21.1 | 23.0 | 17.8 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 22.1 | 9.2 | 17.4 | 22.4 | 32.3 | 47.7 | 17.8 |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Bloc Québécois |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |rowspan="2" colspan="5"| | 32 | rowspan="2" colspan="7"| | 32 | ||||||||||
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |32.1 | 7.6 | ||||||||||||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|People's |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |4.9 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 2.4 | – | – | – | 4.9 |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Green |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |5.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 9.6 | | |||||
| |4.4 | 2.3 | | ||||||||||||
| |2.3 | |||||||||||||
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|background}} rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|Independents and minor parties |style="text-align:left;"| Seats: |– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| style="background-color:#fffacd"
|style="text-align:left;"| Vote: |0.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 | | |||||
| |13.6 | 12.7 | – | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| Seats:
|42 | 34 | 14 | 14 | 121 | 78 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 338 |
=Special ballots in the election=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Special ballot voting kits issued and returned{{cite web|url= https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=vote&dir=app%2Fvbm&document=index&lang=e|title= Data on special ballot voting kits|author= |date= September 23, 2021|website= elections.ca|access-date= October 4, 2021|archive-date= October 8, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153002/https://www.elections.ca/error.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/content2.aspx|url-status= live}} ! Reason !! Issued !! Returned | ||
| style="text-align:left;|Voting by mail or at an Elections Canada office from inside their riding | 1,014,708 | 899,819 |
| style="text-align:left;|Voting by mail or at an Elections Canada office from outside their riding | 199,629 | 151,117 |
| style="text-align:left;|Living outside of Canada | 55,700 | 27,253 |
| style="text-align:left;|Total | 1,270,037 | 1,078,189 |
=Judicial recounts=
In a federal election, a judicial recount is automatically ordered in a riding where the margin of victory is less than 0.1 per cent (one one-thousandth) of the votes cast. In cases where there is a larger but still narrow margin of victory, an elector can request a judicial recount. While no validated results triggered an automatic recount in this election, judicial recounts were requested in four ridings: Brome—Missisquoi, Davenport, Châteauguay—Lacolle and Trois-Rivières. Only Châteauguay—Lacolle saw its initial result overturned: the recount had Liberal incumbent MP Brenda Shanahan proclaimed the ultimate winner over Bloc candidate Patrick O'Hara, by a margin of only 12 votes.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/recount-chateauguay-lacolle-liberals-bloc-1.6202220 |title=Liberals defeat Bloc in Châteauguay–Lacolle riding after recount |work=CBC News |date=October 7, 2021 |access-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016084048/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/recount-chateauguay-lacolle-liberals-bloc-1.6202220 |url-status=live }} It was the first time validated results were reversed by a judicial recount since the 2008 election.{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2021|title=Judicial recount gives Trudeau's Liberals one more victory in Quebec |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8248798/judicial-recount-trudeau-liberals-victory-chateauguay-lacolle/|access-date=December 25, 2021|website=Global News|agency=The Canadian Press|language=en-US|archive-date=December 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225230726/https://globalnews.ca/news/8248798/judicial-recount-trudeau-liberals-victory-chateauguay-lacolle/|url-status=live}} Recounts in Brome—Missiquoi and Davenport began on October 12; however, in both ridings the early count appeared to confirm the initial validated results, leading both challengers to concede defeat and the recount to be terminated.{{cite web|date=October 12, 2021|title=Quebec riding stays Liberal after Bloc Québécois concedes defeat|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8261457/quebec-riding-stays-liberal-after-bloc-quebecois-concedes-defeat/|url-status=live|access-date=October 13, 2021|website=Global News|language=en-CA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013004826/https://globalnews.ca/news/8261457/quebec-riding-stays-liberal-after-bloc-quebecois-concedes-defeat/ |archive-date=October 13, 2021 }}{{cite news|date=October 15, 2021|title=Election recount in Toronto riding stopped, Liberals confirmed as victors|work=CBC News |agency=The Canadian Press|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/davenport-election-recount-1.6212796|access-date=October 15, 2021|archive-date=October 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015181941/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/davenport-election-recount-1.6212796|url-status=live}}
Initially, the preliminary results of Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley in the province of Manitoba were so close that the Liberal former MP Doug Eyolfson had just 24 votes fewer than the Conservative incumbent MP Marty Morantz, a margin small enough to trigger an automatic recount.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/morantz-eyolfson-charleswood-election-results-2021-1.6185329 |title=Conservative Marty Morantz wins by 24 votes in Charleswood riding, triggering recount |work=CBC News|date=September 25, 2021 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930155718/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/morantz-eyolfson-charleswood-election-results-2021-1.6185329 |url-status=live }} On September 28, Eyolfson conceded after the validated results had widened the gap to 460 votes, which is approximately 1 per cent of the total vote.{{cite news |url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/marty-morantz-increases-lead-to-win-winnipeg-riding-for-conservatives-liberal-doug-eyolfson-concedes-race-1.5603404 |title=Marty Morantz increases lead to win Winnipeg riding for Conservatives; Liberal Doug Eyolfson concedes race |work=CTV News |location=Winnipeg |first1=Kayla |last1=Rosen |date=September 28, 2021 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003060656/https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/marty-morantz-increases-lead-to-win-winnipeg-riding-for-conservatives-liberal-doug-eyolfson-concedes-race-1.5603404 |url-status=live }}
=10 closest ridings=
Incumbents are denoted in bold and followed by (I).
| class="wikitable" |
| Riding
! colspan="2" | Winner ! colspan="2" | Runner-up ! Vote difference |
|---|
| Châteauguay—Lacolle
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Brenda Shanahan (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} | |Patrick O'Hara |12 |
| Davenport
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Julie Dzerowicz (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | |76 |
| Trois-Rivières
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} | | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | |83 |
| Brome—Missisquoi
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | | {{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|background}} | |Marilou Alarie |197 |
| Sault Ste. Marie
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Terry Sheehan (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | |Sonny Spina |247 |
| Coast of Bays—Central—Notre Dame
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Scott Simms (I) |281 |
| Vancouver Granville
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | | {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | |431 |
| Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | |Marty Morantz (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |460 |
| Fredericton
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Jenica Atwin (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | |Andrea Johnson |502 |
| Kitchener—Conestoga
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | |Tim Louis (I) | {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | |Carlene Hawley |577 |
=Maps=
{{Center|Elections Canada 2021 results}}File:Canada Election 2021 Results Map.svg
Analysis and aftermath
The remarkable similarity of the results and those of the 2019 federal election may have reinforced voters' sentiments that the early election was unnecessary, and its meagre results have left their mark on the electorate. A survey by Maru Public Opinion revealed that 77 per cent of respondents believe that Canada is more divided than ever, and 52 per cent feel that Canada's democratic system is broken.{{cite news |last= Snyder|first= Jesse|date= September 25, 2021|title= Majority of Canadians say Trudeau should resign following election, believe country more divided than ever: poll |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2021/majority-of-canadians-say-trudeau-should-resign-following-election-believe-country-more-divided-than-ever-poll|work= The National Post}}
=Political parties=
Several factors were quickly identified as having had a significant influence on the results. Some political scientists and commentators debated whether the PPC's better performance, compared to the 2019 federal election, contributed to the Conservatives under Erin O'Toole losing to the Liberals. Mainstreet Research CEO Quito Maggi and University of Toronto political science professor Nelson Wiseman posited that the PPC may have cost the Conservatives at least ten ridings.{{cite news|last=Gillies|first=Rob|date=September 21, 2021|title=Trudeau's election bet fails, but Tory rival might lose job|website=AP News|agency=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/canada-health-elections-toronto-coronavirus-pandemic-6e641b4721f22c6dab1435a539d39ed7|accessdate=September 25, 2021|archive-date=January 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103095651/https://apnews.com/article/canada-health-elections-toronto-coronavirus-pandemic-6e641b4721f22c6dab1435a539d39ed7|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Kustra|first=Tyler|date=September 21, 2021|title=Why did Trudeau win the Canadian election by such a slim margin?|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/09/21/trudeau-sort-won-canadas-election-new-alt-right-party-got-exactly-what-it-wanted/|access-date=September 25, 2021}}{{cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Rachel|date=September 21, 2021|title=The People's party cost the Conservatives some ridings|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/21/the-peoples-party-cost-the-conservatives-some-ridings/|url-status=live|access-date=September 25, 2021|website=iPolitics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921225129/https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/21/the-peoples-party-cost-the-conservatives-some-ridings/ |archive-date=September 21, 2021 }} The votes obtained by PPC candidates were larger than the margin of victory in 21 ridings, where the Conservative candidate was in second place (12 in Ontario, five in BC, two in Alberta, one in Quebec and one in Newfoundland). Of those seats, 14 went to the Liberals, six to the NDP, and one to the Bloc; however, it has been described as not a simple generalization, as a significant amount of PPC support arose from non-Conservative voters.{{cite news|last1=Connolly|first1=Amanda|last2=Akin|first2=David|date=September 22, 2021|title=Canada election: Did the PPC split the Conservative vote? Maybe — but it's not that simple|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8212872/canada-election-conservative-vote-splitting/|website=Global News|accessdate=September 25, 2021|archive-date=December 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227120035/https://globalnews.ca/news/8212872/canada-election-conservative-vote-splitting/|url-status=live}}
Important vote swings to the Liberals were also noted in ridings with significant Chinese-Canadian populations, with especially large ones arising in Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill and Richmond Centre.{{cite news|last= Silver|first= Janet E.|date= September 23, 2021|title= Chinese-Canadian voters swing results in usually Tory ridings|url= https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/23/chinese-canadian-voters-swing-results-in-usually-tory-ridings/|work= iPolitics |access-date= September 28, 2021|archive-date= January 12, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220112114305/https://ipolitics.ca/2021/09/23/chinese-canadian-voters-swing-results-in-usually-tory-ridings/|url-status= live}} This was predicted early on in the campaign in polling by Mainstreet Research, which observed that they "were not supporting Conservative candidates in the same way they did in the last couple of elections." While some commentators believed that this may have arisen because of the manner the Tories were handling China-Canada issues, others wondered whether the abnormally large changes were due to disinformation activity occurring in the local Chinese-language media.{{cite news|last= Young|first= Ian|date= September 23, 2021|title= Conservative vote plunged in Canada's most Chinese electorates. Did party pay price for tough stance on Beijing?|url= https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3149738/conservative-vote-plunged-canadas-most-chinese-electorates-did|work= South China Morning Post|access-date= September 28, 2021|archive-date= January 14, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220114091620/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3149738/conservative-vote-plunged-canadas-most-chinese-electorates-did|url-status= live}}{{cite news|last= Bramham|first= Daphne|date= September 13, 2021|title= Is China interfering in the Canadian election?|url= https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/election-2021/daphne-bramham-is-china-interfering-in-the-canadian-election|work= Vancouver Sun|access-date= September 28, 2021|archive-date= January 20, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220120122514/https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/election-2021/daphne-bramham-is-china-interfering-in-the-canadian-election|url-status= live}}
Even before the mail-in ballots were counted, the Liberals were projected as leading in 158 seats despite seeing their vote share fall from 33.1 per cent to 32.3 per cent. Gerald Butts, former principal secretary to Trudeau, praised the result as a "smart campaign" that prioritized "vote efficiency"; this view was criticized as detracting from other essential aspects of an election campaign.{{cite news |last= Cosh|first= Colby|date= September 22, 2021|title= Sorry Gerald Butts, elections are about more than winning the most Liberal seats with the fewest votes|url= https://nationalpost.com/opinion/colby-cosh-sorry-gerald-butts-elections-are-about-more-than-winning-the-most-liberal-seats-with-the-fewest-votes|work= The National Post}} Other commentators questioned whether the Liberal vote has reached its effective limit, commenting that minority governments have occurred with greater frequency since the Unite the Right movement and the formation of the Conservative Party in 2003.{{cite news|last= Bélair-Cirino|first= Marco|date= September 25, 2021|title= L'ère des demi-victoires électorales|trans-title= The era of electoral half-victories|url= https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/635337/politique-federale-l-ere-des-demi-victoires-electorales|language= French|work= Le Devoir|access-date= September 25, 2021|archive-date= September 25, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210925134912/https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/635337/politique-federale-l-ere-des-demi-victoires-electorales|url-status= live}}
Had he not been ousted by his caucus, O'Toole would have faced a mandatory leadership review at the next Conservative national conference in 2023. A member of the national council quickly called for a petition to accelerate the process.{{cite news|last1= Stone|first1= Laura|last2= Bailey|first2= Ian|date= September 22, 2021|title= Erin O'Toole accused of 'betraying' Conservatives as he faces first leadership challenge|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-erin-otoole-accused-of-betraying-conservatives-as-he-faces-first/|work= The Globe and Mail|accessdate= September 2, 2021|archive-date= September 23, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210923030250/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-erin-otoole-accused-of-betraying-conservatives-as-he-faces-first/|url-status= live}} Other Conservatives urged continued support of O'Toole, and called for the party to unify around him.{{cite news|last1= Stone|first1= Laura|last2= Bailey|first2= Ian|date= September 23, 2021|title= Former Ontario premier Mike Harris, MPs urge Conservatives to unify around Erin O'Toole after election loss|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-premier-mike-harris-mps-urge-conservatives-to-unify-around-erin/|work= The Globe and Mail|accessdate= September 2, 2021|archive-date= September 24, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210924043539/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-premier-mike-harris-mps-urge-conservatives-to-unify-around-erin/|url-status= live}} Most party and caucus members seemed to have appeared to favour a post-mortem review along the lines conducted by the party after the 2004 federal election.{{cite news |last= Platt|first= Brian|date= September 24, 2021|title= Erin O'Toole says he's building towards victory in the next campaign. But does his own party trust him? |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/erin-otoole-says-hes-building-towards-victory-in-the-next-campaign-but-does-his-own-party-trust-him|work= The National Post|accessdate=September 2, 2021}}
The Green Party saw its share of the vote collapse to 2.3 per cent, its lowest level since the 2000 federal election. Internal dissension and poor morale contributed to the decline, and Elizabeth May called for an inquiry to determine the underlying reasons for it.{{cite news|last1= McKinley|first1= Steve|last2= Nuttall|first2= Jeremy|date= September 21, 2021|title= What's next for Canada's Green party? Despite electing two MPs, the party saw its support drop to a 20-year low|url= https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2021/09/21/whats-next-for-canadas-greens-despite-electing-two-mps-party-sees-support-fall-to-20-year-low.html|work= The Toronto Star|access-date= September 25, 2021|archive-date= September 25, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210925131813/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2021/09/21/whats-next-for-canadas-greens-despite-electing-two-mps-party-sees-support-fall-to-20-year-low.html|url-status= live}} Paul announced her resignation as party leader on September 27.{{cite news|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=September 27, 2021|title=Annamie Paul resigning as leader of the Green Party|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/annamie-paul-resigning-as-leader-of-the-green-party-1.5601820|access-date=September 27, 2021|website=CTV News|archive-date=September 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927151644/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/annamie-paul-resigning-as-leader-of-the-green-party-1.5601820|url-status=live}}
=Calls for electoral reform=
Commentators at The Conversation noted that for a second election in a row the Liberals won the greatest number of seats but lost the popular vote to the Conservatives under the first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting system.{{cite news|last=Antweiler|first=Werner|date=October 3, 2021|title=Canada's first-past-the-post electoral system highlights once again the need for reform|url=https://theconversation.com/canadas-first-past-the-post-electoral-system-highlights-once-again-the-need-for-reform-168648|website=The Converstation|accessdate=October 7, 2021|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006042616/https://theconversation.com/canadas-first-past-the-post-electoral-system-highlights-once-again-the-need-for-reform-168648|url-status=live}} During the campaign, Trudeau said he remains open to getting rid of Canada's FPTP if re-elected, provided there is consensus on the issue; he also expressed his preference for ranked voting over proportional representation. Trudeau had promised during the 2015 campaign that the 2015 federal election would be the last federal election to use FPTP.{{cite news|date=September 18, 2021|title=Trudeau open to electoral reform talks if re-elected but won't support proportional representation|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-ranked-ballot-1.6181216|work=CBC News|agency=The Canadian Press|accessdate=October 7, 2021|archive-date=October 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008003528/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-ranked-ballot-1.6181216|url-status=live}}
= Western alienation and separatism =
In the lead-up to the 2021 federal election, western alienation was seen as a potentially disruptive force, particularly in Alberta and Saskatchewan.{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2021/we-can-learn-from-quebec-alberta-separatists-look-to-the-bloc-as-conservative-support-wanes |title='We can learn from Quebec': Alberta separatists look to the Bloc as Conservative support wanes |work=National Post |last=Snyder |first=Jesse |date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2025}} The Wexit Party, led by former Conservative MP Jay Hill, positioned itself as a western separatist alternative to the federal Conservatives, drawing comparisons to the Bloc Québécois.{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Jen |date=August 22, 2021 |title=The Maverick Party wants in—sort of |url=https://macleans.ca/politics/the-maverick-party-wants-in-sort-of/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Maclean's}} The party changed its name to the Maverick Party in September 2020.{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/jay-hill-wexit-top-gun-maverick-party-calgary-canada-1.5728875 |title=Seeking broader appeal, separatist Wexit Canada party changes its name to the Maverick Party |work=CBC News |last=Dryden |first=Joel |date=September 17, 2020 |access-date=March 20, 2025}}
Support for western separatism rose during 2020, with polling showing as much as 45–48% support for independence in Alberta.{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2020 |title=Poll: 45-48% of Albertans back independence |work=The Western Standard |last=Naylor |first=Dave |url=https://www.westernstandardonline.com/2020/05/poll-45-48-of-albertans-back-independence/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605235001/https://www.westernstandardonline.com/2020/05/poll-45-48-of-albertans-back-independence/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=March 15, 2025}} However, media attention toward the movement and the party declined after the rebranding. There was inconsistency about whether to treat the Maverick Party as a major party, with some outlets—such as 338Canada— including it in regional projections.{{Cite web |title=Canada - Federal Projection |url=https://338canada.com/federal.htm |website=338Canada |access-date=March 13, 2025}}
Caught off guard by the early election call, the party managed to nominate only 29 candidates, primarily in Conservative strongholds in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Though they had also nominated a few in British Columbia and Manitoba.{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/maverick-party-alberta-wexit-election-1.6173047 |title=Maverick Party looks to Bloc Québécois as inspiration to ensure western interests |work=CBC News |last=Graveland |first=Bill |agency=The Canadian Press |date=September 12, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2025}} Some analysts suggested that the People's Party of Canada attracted part of the Maverick Party’s potential voter base.{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/maverick-party-reflects-on-disappointing-election-result-1.6194545 |title=Maverick Party reflects on 'disappointing' election result |last=Bellefontaine |first=Michelle |work=CBC News |date=October 2, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2025}} The Maverick Party ultimately received just 0.21% of the national popular vote. However, in the ridings where it fielded candidates, it received approximately 2.3% of the vote and outperformed the Green Party in Alberta and Saskatchewan.{{Cite web |title=Official Voting Results – 44th General Election |url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=ele&dir=rep/off/44ge&document=index&lang=e |publisher=Elections Canada |access-date=March 13, 2025}}{{Cite web |title=Maverick Party planning to up its game after poor election results |last=Graveland |first=Bill |agency=The Canadian Press |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8238936/maverick-party-canada-election/ |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}
After the election, western separatist sentiment appeared to wane.{{Cite web |last=Fournier |first=Philippe J. |date=February 15, 2023 |title=338Canada: What happened to Wexit? |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/15/western-canada-wexit-danielle-smith-00082885 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Politico}} Some Maverick Party members were involved in the 2022 "Freedom Convoy" protests.{{Cite news |title=Who is Tamara Lich — the 'spark that lit the fire' |last=Crawford |first=Blair |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/who-is-tamara-lich-the-spark-that-lit-the-fire |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250126180830/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/who-is-tamara-lich-the-spark-that-lit-the-fire |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |work=Ottawa Citizen}} The party’s public activity declined afterward, and it formally dissolved in early 2025, citing lack of electoral success and organizational challenges.{{Cite web |agency=Western Standard News Services |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Maverick Party deregistered by Elections Canada |url=https://www.westernstandard.news/news/maverick-party-deregistered-by-elections-canada/62678 |access-date=March 15, 2025 |website=Western Standard}}
=Candidates elected=
Forty-nine MPs were elected for the first time, and two more (Randy Boissonnault and John Aldag) returned after having been defeated in 2019. The number of female MPs—103, up from 100 in 2019—is a record high for the House, and 22 of the first-time MPs are women.{{cite news|last1= Maloney|first1= Ryan|last2= Zimonjic|first2= Peter|date= October 17, 2021|title= Meet some of the new faces coming to the House of Commons|url= https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/meet-the-new-2021-mps-1.6211098|work= CBC News|access-date= October 17, 2021|archive-date= October 17, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211017145814/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/meet-the-new-2021-mps-1.6211098|url-status= live}}
Kevin Vuong, whose candidacy was disavowed by the Liberals after nominations had closed, still won the riding of Spadina—Fort York. Vuong announced that he would take his seat as an independent upon being sworn in.{{cite news|last= Raman-Wilms|first= Menaka|date= September 22, 2021|title= Newly elected Kevin Vuong says he will keep his seat after the Liberals disown him|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-elected-kevin-vuong-says-he-will-keep-his-seat-after-the/|work= The Globe and Mail|accessdate= September 2, 2021|archive-date= September 23, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210923084309/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-newly-elected-kevin-vuong-says-he-will-keep-his-seat-after-the/|url-status= live}} Adam Vaughan, the previous incumbent, called on Vuong to resign as his victory was "compromised".{{cite news|author= |date= September 23, 2021|title= Former Liberal MP Adam Vaughan urges successor Kevin Vuong to resign, not sit as independent MP|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-liberal-mp-adam-vaughan-urges-successor-kevin-vuong-to-resign/|agency= Canadian Press|website= The Globe and Mail|access-date= September 26, 2021|archive-date= September 26, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210926201738/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-liberal-mp-adam-vaughan-urges-successor-kevin-vuong-to-resign/|url-status= live}} In a radio interview in November, Vuong apologized to his supporters, and he later said, "Of the many, many people who have reached out since my interview, they've encouraged me to move forward. And that's what I'm going to be doing."{{cite news|last= Taylor|first= Stephanie|date= November 22, 2021|title= Toronto MP Kevin Vuong says social media and 'political operatives' want him to fail|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-toronto-mp-kevin-vuong-says-social-media-and-political-operatives-want/|work= The Globe and Mail|access-date= January 30, 2022|archive-date= January 30, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220130143354/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-toronto-mp-kevin-vuong-says-social-media-and-political-operatives-want/|url-status= live}}
George Chahal, elected in Calgary Skyview, was the subject of several complaints concerning the removal of campaign flyers of another candidate, substituting them with his own. In January 2022, he accepted and paid a $500 administrative monetary penalty assessed by the Commissioner of Canada Elections in the matter,{{cite web|url= https://www.cef-cce.ca/content.asp?section=amp&dir=pub&document=jan2522-gc&lang=e|title= Publication of AMPs: Key facts of violation|author= |date= January 28, 2022|website= |publisher= Commissioner of Canada Elections|access-date= January 30, 2022|archive-date= January 25, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220125210726/https://www.cef-cce.ca/content.asp?section=amp&dir=pub&document=jan2522-gc&lang=e|url-status= live}} saying, "It's just a late night on an election campaign. Call it a dumb mistake or brain fog{{em dash}}it really doesn't matter why I did what I did. I think what matters is I did it. And I acknowledged it fully, openly, publicly."{{cite news |last= Smith|first= Madeline|date= January 25, 2022|title= Calgary Skyview MP George Chahal pays $500 penalty for removing opponent's flyer|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgary-skyview-mp-george-chahal-pays-500-penalty-for-flyer-removal-incident |work= Calgary Herald}}
=Chinese government interference=
{{see also|Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections}}
A year following the election, Conservative Party politicians including former leader Erin O'Toole blamed Chinese government interference as a factor behind the loss for the party. In a 2022 interview on the UnCommons podcast with Nathaniel Erskine-Smith, O'Toole opined that media outfits linked to the Chinese Communist Party could have cost the Conservatives up to "eight or nine seats."{{cite web |date=June 9, 2022 |first1=Stuart |last1=Thomson |work=The Hub|url=https://thehub.ca/2022-06-09/conservatives-lost-eight-or-nine-seats-in-last-election-due-to-chinese-interference-says-otoole/ |title=Conservatives lost 'eight or nine' seats in last election due to Chinese interference, says O'Toole |access-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729003711/https://thehub.ca/2022-06-09/conservatives-lost-eight-or-nine-seats-in-last-election-due-to-chinese-interference-says-otoole/ |url-status=live }}
O'Toole's beliefs were supported by Conservative MP and foreign affairs critic Michael Chong who stated that while the party was initially hesitant to blame China for influencing the vote due to inconclusive evidence at the time, he now believed "The communist leadership in Beijing did interfere in the last federal election by spreading disinformation through proxies on Chinese-language social media platforms that contributed to the defeat of a number of Conservative MPs" citing a report by McGill University. Similar views were shared by O'Toole's director of parliamentary affairs Mitch Heimpel who claimed Canadian national security officers had contacted the Conservatives around election day to express concerns about potential foreign interference. Heimpel also cited the example of former Conservative MP Kenny Chiu who had been targeted by a misinformation campaign by the Chinese social media platform WeChat. Research into alleged electoral interference by McGill University indicated that there was no specific riding specific data to draw a full conclusion on the impact of potential interference and noted "Canadian-Chinese issues were not central to the campaign nor were they top of mind for voters" but concurred researchers had found Chinese state media had worked "with an apparent aim to convince Canadians of Chinese origin to vote against the Conservative Party."{{cite web |date=January 4, 2022 |first1=Sze-Fung |last1=Lee |first2=Benjamin |last2=Fung |work=Policy Options|url=https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/january-2022/misinformation-and-chinese-interference-in-canadas-affairs/ |title=Misinformation and Chinese interference in Canada's affairs |access-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609175706/https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/january-2022/misinformation-and-chinese-interference-in-canadas-affairs/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |date=June 8, 2022 |first1=Andy |last1=Blatchford |work=Politico |location=Ottawa |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/06/08/otoole-canada-election-interference-00038297 |title=O'Toole blames China for Conservative election results |access-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610005537/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/06/08/otoole-canada-election-interference-00038297 |url-status=live }}
In February 2023, The Globe and Mail published a series of articles, reporting that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), in several classified documents, advised that China had employed disinformation campaigns and undisclosed donations to support preferred candidates during the campaign, all with the aim of ensuring that the Liberals would win again, but only with a minority.{{cite news |last1= Fife|first1= Robert|author-link1= Robert Fife|last2= Chase|first2= Steven|date= February 17, 2023|title= CSIS documents reveal Chinese strategy to influence Canada's 2021 election|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-china-influence-2021-federal-election-csis-documents/|work=The Globe and Mail}}{{cite news |last1= Fife|first1= Robert|author-link1= Robert Fife|last2= Chase|first2= Steven|date= February 20, 2023|title= Commons Committee seeks to expand hearings to probe Chinese interference in 2021 election|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-commons-committee-hearings-chinese-interference-election/|work=The Globe and Mail}} Other illegal tactics under the Canada Elections Act were also revealed, such as directing international students to work for preferred candidates (ostensibly as volunteers, but being paid by sympathetic business owners), and arranging for sympathetic donors to contribute to such campaigns, with the difference between their payments and the resulting tax credits being returned to them. The Procedure and House Affairs Committee of the House of Commons met to discuss these reports, and voted to expand their current inquiry into the 2019 election to include the 2021 election as well.{{cite news |last= Lévesque|first= Catherine|date= February 21, 2023|title= Liberal MP accuses Tories of using Trump-like tactics in questioning past election results |url= https://ottawacitizen.com/news/conservatives-trump-election-interference/wcm/5737f012-7e02-4d35-a853-ee616becc199|work= Ottawa Citizen}} In April 2024, an inquiry into foreign interference heard that CSIS concluded in February 2023 that the Chinese government interfered in the 2019 and 2021 elections.{{Cite news |last=David |first=Ljunggren |date=April 8, 2024 |title=Canada spies found China interfered in last two elections, probe hears |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-spies-found-china-interfered-last-two-elections-probe-hears-2024-04-08/ |access-date=April 9, 2024 |work=Reuters}}
= Canadian Election Study =
The 2021 Canadian Election Study (CES) comprised two phases: a Campaign Period Survey (CPS) and a Post-Election Survey (PES). The CPS involved three components—“CPS,” “CPS Modules,” and “CPS Oversample”—which were consolidated into a final dataset of 20,968 respondents. Data collection for the CPS was conducted between August 17 and September 19, 2021. The PES followed shortly after, occurring from September 23 to October 4, 2021, and yielded a sample size of 15,069.{{Cite web |title=2021 Canadian Election Study – Canadian Election Study |url=http://www.ces-eec.ca/2021-canadian-election-study/ |access-date=December 27, 2024 |language=en-CA}}
The survey's core questions were adapted from prior iterations of the CES to maintain consistency and focus on key topics, including voting intentions, demographics, issue positions, partisanship, and political engagement.
The 2021 CES was directed by a team of researchers: Laura Stephenson, Allison Harell, Daniel Rubenson, and Peter Loewen.
The data presented include questions from the CPS and PES, cross-tabulated with 2021 voting preferences. The weights applied to the data were adjusted to align with the actual results of the 2021 Canadian federal election.
== Demographics ==
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Demographic Subgroup ! style="background:#ea6d6a;" |LPC ! style="background:#6495ed;" |CPC ! style="background:#f4a460;" |NDP ! style="background:#87cefa;" |BQC ! style="background:#99c955;" |GPC ! style="background:#6f5d9a;" |PPC !Other !Sample |
| Total Vote
|32.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |33.7 |17.8 |7.6 |2.3 |4.9 |0.9 |15,069 |
| colspan="9" |Gender |
|---|
| Men
|30.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |38.2 |13.1 |9.7 |1.9 |5.2 |1.1 |6,245 |
| Women
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |34.5 |29.1 |22.7 |5.4 |2.8 |4.7 |0.7 |5,830 |
| colspan="9" |Age |
| 18-29
|28.7 |19.9 | style="background:#f4a460;" |36.3 |5.4 |3.2 |5.8 |0.7 |1,734 |
| 30-39
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |33.0 |28.8 |21.7 |6.0 |2.5 |6.5 |1.4 |1,991 |
| 40-49
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |31.5 |30.7 |17.8 |9.0 |2.9 |7.0 |1.2 |1,995 |
| 50-59
|34.2 | style="background:#6495ed;" |37.4 |12.9 |8.1 |1.6 |4.8 |1.0 |1,941 |
| 60-69
|33.5 | style="background:#6495ed;" |37.3 |12.3 |10.2 |1.9 |4.0 |0.8 |2,414 |
| 70-79
|33.8 | style="background:#6495ed;" |43.5 |10.0 |7.8 |1.7 |2.6 |0.6 |1,241 |
| 80+
|34.7 | style="background:#6495ed;" |49.3 |8.7 |3.8 |2.6 |0.9 |0.0 |787 |
| colspan="9" |Language |
| English
|34.4 | style="background:#6495ed;" |36.3 |20.2 |0.4 |2.5 |5.4 |0.8 |9,639 |
| French
|25.8 |23.6 |8.6 | style="background:#87cefa;" |36.0 |1.6 |3.2 |1.2 |2,464 |
| colspan="9" |Highest Education Attainment |
| High School or Less
|28.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |36.2 |18.1 |8.8 |2.1 |4.8 |1.1 |5,733 |
| College
|30.2 | style="background:#6495ed;" |34.6 |17.9 |7.3 |2.4 |6.7 |0.8 |3,052 |
| University
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |41.3 |28.7 |17.3 |6.0 |2.6 |3.3 |0.7 |3,307 |
| colspan="9" |Religion |
| Atheist
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |30.1 |26.2 |25.8 |9.0 |2.9 |5.2 |0.8 |3,608 |
| Agnostic
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |30.9 |25.7 |27.7 |5.8 |4.3 |4.9 |0.7 |753 |
| Buddhist
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |43.2 |24.7 |25.0 |1.1 |2.8 |3.3 |0.0 |119 |
| Hindu
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |55.0 |25.0 |19.0 |0.0 |0.0 |1.0 |0.0 |113 |
| Jewish
|42.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |43.7 |10.2 |0.0 |1.3 |1.7 |0.6 |177 |
| Muslim/Islam
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |71.1 |5.0 |21.5 |0.0 |0.3 |1.6 |0.5 |184 |
| Sikh
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |72.6 |6.6 |15.0 |0.0 |0.0 |5.7 |0.0 |68 |
| Christian
|32.1 | style="background:#6495ed;" |40.4 |11.9 |8.4 |1.9 |4.4 |1.0 |6,248 |
| Catholic
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |35.1 |33.8 |10.1 |14.8 |1.6 |3.6 |0.9 |3,414 |
| Mainline Protestant
|28.2 | style="background:#6495ed;" |49.4 |13.6 |0.5 |2.3 |4.9 |1.1 |2,616 |
| Other Christian
|32.4 | style="background:#6495ed;" |35.4 |18.0 |0.9 |2.6 |9.6 |1.2 |219 |
| Other Religion
|25.7 | style="background:#6495ed;" |34.6 |17.9 |4.1 |3.3 |12.4 |2.0 |374 |
| colspan="9" |Race |
| East Asian
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |48.9 |26.3 |20.3 |0.2 |1.9 |2.3 |0.1 |719 |
| Black
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |57.0 |14.2 |20.5 |2.3 |3.0 |2.8 |0.3 |204 |
| Indigenous
|26.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |28.0 |25.2 |5.2 |3.4 |9.7 |1.5 |393 |
| Latino
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |39.4 |26.5 |19.5 |7.0 |2.9 |4.0 |0.7 |124 |
| South Asian
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |60.6 |13.6 |22.9 |0.0 |0.5 |2.5 |0.0 |323 |
| Southeast Asian
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |44.8 |23.9 |28.4 |0.0 |1.3 |1.6 |0.0 |171 |
| West Asian
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |47.9 |18.4 |22.9 |1.0 |3.0 |2.5 |4.4 |144 |
| White
|29.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |35.8 |17.6 |8.7 |2.3 |5.0 |0.9 |9,545 |
| Other
|26.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |28.3 |19.5 |4.2 |3.8 |13.8 |3.8 |238 |
| colspan="9" |Income |
| 0-30,000
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |31.9 |27.0 |22.2 |7.7 |3.2 |6.6 |1.4 |1,902 |
| 30,001-60,000
|30.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |32.4 |20.3 |9.2 |2.4 |4.3 |0.8 |3,109 |
| 60,001-90,000
|32.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |34.9 |16.8 |7.2 |2.8 |5.0 |0.8 |2,892 |
| 90,001-110,000
|33.5 | style="background:#6495ed;" |38.3 |15.5 |7.3 |1.4 |3.5 |0.5 |1,254 |
| 110,001-150,000
|34.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |36.5 |14.2 |7.1 |1.7 |4.5 |1.1 |1,588 |
| 150,001-200,000
|32.8 | style="background:#6495ed;" |38.6 |14.2 |7.3 |2.1 |4.8 |0.3 |639 |
| >200,000
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |40.1 |36.9 |10.8 |4.3 |1.6 |4.9 |1.3 |339 |
| colspan="9" |Home Ownership |
| Own a residence
|32.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |38.5 |13.9 |7.6 |2.0 |4.7 |0.8 |8,348 |
| Don't own a residence
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |32.7 |23.2 |26.5 |7.8 |3.1 |5.5 |1.1 |3,754 |
| colspan="9" |Do you live in... |
| A rural area or village
|23.4 | style="background:#6495ed;" |43.2 |14.6 |6.5 |2.6 |7.2 |2.5 |1,097 |
| A town
|25.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |37.6 |15.6 |10.9 |2.9 |6.2 |1.2 |2,861 |
| A suburb
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |35.2 |34.6 |15.6 |7.5 |1.6 |5.0 |0.5 |2,892 |
| A city
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |37.0 |29.3 |20.7 |6.2 |2.4 |3.7 |0.6 |5,182 |
| colspan="9" |Marital Status |
| Married
|34.1 | style="background:#6495ed;" |40.7 |13.2 |4.8 |2.0 |4.4 |0.9 |5,652 |
| Not Married
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |31.4 |27.6 |21.9 |10.2 |2.7 |5.4 |0.9 |6,450 |
| colspan="9" |Do you have children? |
| Yes
|31.6 | style="background:#6495ed;" |39.3 |13.8 |7.6 |1.8 |4.9 |1.0 |7,079 |
| No
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |34.0 |25.7 |23.5 |7.8 |3.1 |5.0 |0.8 |4,996 |
| colspan="9" |Employment |
| Full-time
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |34.1 |31.1 |17.6 |8.4 |2.5 |5.0 |1.2 |4,892 |
| Part-time
|28.5 | style="background:#6495ed;" |31.6 |23.8 |5.9 |3.1 |6.8 |0.3 |866 |
| Self employed
|31.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |40.3 |13.7 |4.4 |2.0 |6.6 |1.1 |643 |
| Retired
|34.0 | style="background:#6495ed;" |41.8 |10.4 |8.6 |1.9 |2.7 |0.6 |3,439 |
| Unemployed
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |34.3 |24.6 |26.2 |4.6 |3.3 |6.2 |0.9 |471 |
| Student
|27.9 |16.6 | style="background:#f4a460;" |40.0 |7.0 |3.5 |4.6 |0.5 |508 |
| Caregiver/Homemaker
|26.7 | style="background:#6495ed;" |37.5 |21.5 |1.1 |1.5 |10.4 |1.4 |364 |
| Disabled
|25.4 |28.7 | style="background:#f4a460;" |31.5 |2.9 |1.4 |8.9 |1.2 |376 |
| colspan="9" |Do you belong to a union? |
| Yes
| style="background:#ea6d6a;" |31.4 |27.4 |20.4 |11.8 |3.0 |5.0 |1.0 |2,294 |
| No
|32.9 | style="background:#6495ed;" |35.3 |17.2 |6.7 |2.2 |4.9 |0.9 |9,745 |
Student Vote Canada results
Student votes are mock elections, running parallel to actual elections, in which students not of voting age participate. Student vote elections are administered by Student Vote Canada, and are for educational purposes and do not count towards the results. Both Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston and Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs are tied, resulting in only 336 of 338 ridings being declared.{{Cite web|date=September 20, 2021|title=Student Vote Canada 2021 — Results|url=https://studentvote.ca/results/canada2021|access-date=September 26, 2021|website=Student Vote Canada}}
| style="width:88%; text-align:center; font-weight: bold;"
|+ |
| style="color:black;"
| style="background:#EA6D6A; width:34.91%;" | 117 | style="background:#F4A460; width:31.36%;" | 107 | style="background:#6495ED; width:26.03%;" | 88 | style="background:#87CEFA; width:06.21%;" | 21 | style="background:#99C955; width:00.89%;" | 3 | style="background:#DCDCDC; width:00.59%;" | 2 |
| Liberal
| New Democratic | Conservative | {{abbr|BQ|Bloc Québécois}} | Green | Tie |
{{election table|title=Summary of the 2021 Canadian Student Vote}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party
! rowspan="2" | Leader
! colspan="3" | Seats
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
|-
! Elected
! %
! Δ
! Votes
! %
! Δ ({{abbr|pp|percentage point}})
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Justin Trudeau
| 117 || 34.91 || {{increase}} 8 || 188,342|| 24.04 || {{increase}} 1.70
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Jagmeet Singh
| 107 || 31.36 || {{increase}} 6 || 223,041 || 28.47 || {{increase}} 3.63
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Erin O'Toole
| 88 || 26.03 || {{decrease}} 4 || 196,495 || 25.08 || {{increase}} 0.01
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|BQ|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Yves-François Blanchet
| 21 || 6.21 || {{increase}} 9 || 16,120 || 2.06 || {{increase}} 0.67
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Annamie Paul
| 3 || 0.89 || {{decrease}} 24 || 76,634 || 9.78 || {{decrease}} 8.30
|-
{{Canadian party colour|CA|PPC|row-name}}
| style="text-align: left;"| Maxime Bernier
| – || – || – || 51,844 || 6.62 || {{increase}} 2.47
|-
| style="background-color:gainsboro"|
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | Other
| – || – || – || 30,867 || 3.94 || {{decrease}} 0.18
|-
| style="background-color:white"|
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | Tie
| 2 || 0.59 || – || colspan="3;" {{N/A}}
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: left;" | Total
| 338 || 100.00 || – || 783,343 || 100.00 || –
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align: left;" | Source: Student Vote Canada
|}
See also
Notes and references
=Notes=
{{notelist}}
=References=
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.elections.ca/ Elections Canada]
{{Canadian federal election, 2021A}}
{{Canada elections}}
{{Elections in Canada}}