2025 Haitian general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Expand French|topic=gov|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Haiti
| election_date = 15 November 2025{{Cite web |title=Haiti leader says long-awaited general elections penned for November |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-leader-says-general-elections-planned-november-2025-01-29/}}
| module = {{Infobox election
| election_name = Presidential election
| embed = yes
| type = presidential
| ongoing = yes
| previous_election = November 2016 Haitian presidential election
| previous_year = Nov 2016
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| title = President
| before_election = Transitional Presidential Council
| before_party =
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| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Parliamentary election
| previous_election = {{nowrap|2015–16}}
| next_election =
| seats_for_election = All 119 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
All 30 seats in the Senate
| election_date =
| turnout =
| noleader = yes
}}}}
}}
{{Politics of Haiti}}
General elections are due to be held in Haiti on 15 November 2025.{{Cite web |title=Haiti leader says long-awaited general elections penned for November |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-leader-says-general-elections-planned-november-2025-01-29/}} The parliamentary elections had originally been scheduled for 27 October 2019,[https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45034.pdf Haiti's Political and Economic Conditions] Congressional Research Service but were postponed to 26 September 2021,{{Cite web|date=2021-06-29|title=Haiti announces elections and controversial constitutional referendum for September|website=Pledge Times|url=https://pledgetimes.com/haiti-announces-elections-and-controversial-constitutional-referendum-for-september/|access-date=2021-07-08|language=en-US|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723180417/https://pledgetimes.com/haiti-announces-elections-and-controversial-constitutional-referendum-for-september/|url-status=dead}} and then again to 7 November 2021,{{Cite web|date=2021-08-12|title=Haiti postpones election date to replace slain president|url=https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20210812-haiti-postpones-election-date-to-replace-assassinated-president|access-date=2021-08-14|website=France 24|language=en}} when wider elections were planned to elect the president and Parliament, alongside a constitutional referendum.{{Cite web|date=2021-08-12|title=Haiti's presidential election postponed until November|url=https://apnews.com/article/elections-caribbean-presidential-elections-haiti-f62239535f9a221103fc76b063f5ae3b|access-date=2021-08-16|website=AP News|language=en}} However, in September 2021, they were postponed again following the dismissal of the members of the Provisional Electoral Council by acting prime minister Ariel Henry.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-58706903 Haiti polls postponed after electoral body is dissolved] BBC News, 28 September 2021 Henry later stated that he hoped to hold the elections in early 2022.{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/elections-caribbean-port-au-prince-haiti-constitutions-f8ca54a40c53bd21057f34952b9508ed|title=The AP Interview: Haiti PM plans to hold elections next year|first1=Dánica|last1=Coto|first2=Joshua|last2=Goodman|first3=Richard|last3=Luxama|work=Associated Press|date=29 September 2021|access-date=30 September 2021}} On 8 February 2022, he called for renewed efforts to organize elections.{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Gessika|last2=Ellsworth|first2=Brian|date=2022-02-07|title=Haiti's Henry urges elections amid calls for transition government|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haitis-henry-urges-elections-amid-calls-transition-government-2022-02-07/|access-date=2022-02-12}} In December 2022, he signed an agreement to hold the elections in 2023, but stated in February 2024 that they will be held once the security situation was under control. Henry later committed to hold the elections by August 2025, but resigned in April 2024 to make way for a Transitional Presidential Council, which is expected to hold the presidential election in early 2026.
Background
{{Main|2021 Haitian protests}}
In 2021, mass street demonstrations and violent protest marches began across Haiti on 14 January in protest at Jovenel Moïse's plan to run for one more year in power. Since then, hundreds of thousands took part in weekly protests calling for the government to resign. Moïse was assassinated on 7 July 2021.
On 8 July, interim prime minister Claude Joseph's office announced that despite the assassination, the parliamentary elections would still be held on the date set by the Provisional Electoral Council and that members of the opposition would be included in election timetable talks, stating that "The Head of Government promises to hold talks with opposition leaders and other actors in national life to calm the socio-political climate and facilitate inclusive and credible elections according to the timetable set by the Provisional Electoral Council."{{cite news|url=https://haitiantimes.com/2021/07/08/interim-pm-haiti-will-move-forward-with-fall-elections/|title=Interim PM: Haiti will move forward with fall elections|first=Sam|last=Bojarski|website=Haiti Times|date=8 July 2021|accessdate=8 July 2021}} The United Nations special envoy for Haiti, Helen La Lime, said that interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph would lead Haiti until elections were held later in the year, urging all parties to set aside differences following the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse.{{Cite web|title=Haiti's prime minister to lead country until election following president's assassination: UN|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/8013670/haitis-prime-minister-to-lead-country-until-election-following-presidents-assassination-un/|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Global News|language=en-US}} Ariel Henry was appointed as acting prime minister later that month.
Henry dismissed all members of the Provisional Electoral Council, seen by many in the country as politically biased, on 27 September 2021. He stated that a new council would be appointed which would hold the elections in early 2022.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haitis-elections-postponed-after-electoral-council-dismissed-2021-09-28/|title=Haiti's elections postponed after electoral council dismissed|first1=Gessika|last1=Thomas|first2=Sarah|last2=Marsh|editor-first=Rosalba|editor-last=O'Brien|work=Reuters|url-access=registration|date=28 September 2021|access-date=14 September 2022}} On 11 September 2022, he stated that the government would begin the organization of elections by the end of 2022.{{cite news|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/prime-minister-henry-gives-commitment-that-haiti-will-be-in-election-mode-before-year-end/|title=Prime Minister Henry gives commitment that Haiti will be in election mode before year end|work=Caribbean National Weekly|date=13 September 2022|access-date=14 September 2022}}
On 21 December 2022, Henry signed an agreement with political parties, civil society organizations and private sector members to hold the elections in 2023, with the new government scheduled to be sworn in on 7 February 2024.{{cite news|url=https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-38427-haiti-flash-the-pm-signed-a-historic-consensus-for-an-inclusive-transition.html|title=The PM signed a "historic" consensus for an inclusive transition|work=Haiti Libre|date=22 December 2022|access-date=3 January 2023}}
In February 2024, however, Henry stated that the elections will be held when the government was able to control the security situation in Haiti.{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/08/americas/haiti-elections-security-intl/index.html|title=Haiti elections will take place when security improves, PM Henry says as protests grow|author1=Sahar Akbarzai|author2=Jeremy Dupin|work=CNN|date=8 February 2024|access-date=13 March 2024}} The Caribbean Community later in the month said that he had committed to holding the elections by 31 August 2025.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/haiti-pm-commits-elections-by-2025-caricom-send-team-2024-02-29/|title=Haiti PM commits to elections by 2025, CARICOM to send team|author=Sarah Morland|work=Reuters|date=29 February 2024|access-date=13 March 2024}}
On 11 March 2024, Henry agreed to resign as the leader of Haiti due to facing pressure following attacks by armed gangs who demanded he step down, once a transitional presidential council was formed, following a meeting in Jamaica with leaders of Caribbean states and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken.{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/haiti-henry-resignation-prime-minister-violence-28acaecc1d80d993c99fe43a5e1e1f7f|title=Haiti's prime minister says he'll resign as violent gangs rampage. It's not clear who leads next|last1=Coto|first1=Dánica|last2=Sanon|first2=Evens|date=12 March 2024|website=AP News|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=12 March 2024|quote="Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry announced early Tuesday that he would resign once a transitional presidential council is created..."|archive-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312055948/https://apnews.com/article/haiti-henry-resignation-prime-minister-violence-28acaecc1d80d993c99fe43a5e1e1f7f|url-status=live}} The council has a mandate till February 7, 2026 and is expected to hold the presidential election in early 2026.{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20240408-haiti-finalises-deal-to-form-transitional-council-in-bid-to-end-gang-chaos|title=Haiti finalises deal to form transitional council in bid to end gang chaos|date=9 April 2024|website=France 24|access-date=29 April 2024}} Henry resigned in a letter signed on 24 April in Los Angeles when the council was installed. His outgoing cabinet meanwhile appointed Michel Patrick Boisvert as the interim prime minister.{{cite web|url=https://www.latintimes.com/ariel-henry-resigns-haitian-prime-minister-step-toward-formation-new-government-553470|title=Ariel Henry resigns as Haitian PM in step toward formation of new government|work=The Latin Times|first=Demian|last=Bio|date=25 April 2024|accessdate=29 April 2024}}{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/haiti-ariel-lhenry-resigns-violence-gangs-government-22868c51b5f4c9ca5a8d69fcb5df376b|title=With fear and hope, Haiti warily welcomes new governing council as gang-ravaged country seeks peace|website=Associated Press|first=Dánica|last=Coto|date=25 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 }} On 18 September, the council created a provisional electoral council to prepare for the election.{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Haiti creates a provisional electoral council to prepare for the first elections since 2016 |url=https://apnews.com/article/haiti-electoral-council-4b9135738c454eb1a71ca0a556540203 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}
Electoral system
The President of Haiti is elected using the two-round system, with a second round held if no candidate wins a majority of the vote in the first round.
The 119 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected in single-member constituencies for four-year terms using a modified two-round system; a candidate must receive either over 50% of the vote, or have a lead over the second-placed candidate equivalent to 25% of the valid votes in order to be elected in the first round; if no candidate meets this requirement, a second round is held, in which the candidate with the most votes wins.[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2137_B.htm Chambre des Députés (Chamber of Deputies): Electoral system] IPU
One third of the 30-member Senate is elected every two years. The members are elected from ten single-member constituencies based on the departments, also using the two-round system.[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2138_B.htm Sénat (Senate): Electoral system] IPU
Political parties
| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party or alliance !colspan=2 rowspan=2| Leading candidate !rowspan=2| Ideology !colspan=2| Last election |
| Chamber
!Senate |
|---|
| bgcolor="{{party color|Haitian Tèt Kale Party}}"|
|Haitian Tèt Kale Party (PTHK) | 50px | Ann Valérie Timothée Milfort | Liberalism |31 |6 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Struggling People's Organization}}"|
|Struggling People's Organization (OPL) | 50px |9 |1 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Fanmi Lavalas}}"|
|Fanmi Lavalas (FL) | 50px |6 |1 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Haiti in Action}}"|
|Haiti in Action (AAA) | 50px |6 |1 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Inite}}"|
| 50px | Serge Vincent | Liberal conservatism |4{{efn|name="Inite"|Results from the previous election as Inite, which the party claims to be a successor of.}} |1{{efn|name="Inite"}} |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats}}"|
|Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (PFSDH) | 50px |4 |0 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Renmen Ayiti}}"|
|Renmen Ayiti (RA) | 50px |3 |1 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Platfòm Pitit Desalin}}"|
|Platfòm Pitit Desalin (PPD) | 50px | Dessalinism |2 |1 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rally of Progressive National Democrats}}"|
|Rally of Progressive National Democrats (RDNP) | 50px | Christian democracy |0 |0 |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian National Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti}}"|
|Christian National Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti (UNCRH) | 50px | Christian democracy |0 |0 |
| style="background-color:#eb6f09;" |
|En Avant | 50px |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |
| style="background-color:#cf162b;" |
|Revolutionary Force of National Accord (FREN) | File:Senator Guy Philippe.png | |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |
| style="background-color:#009d47;" |
|Les Engagés pour le Développement (EDE) | 50px |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |{{tooltip|2=Did not contest|DNC}} |
Notes
{{notelist}}