2025 Italian referendum

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|footer = Maurizio Landini (left), president of the labour committee; Riccardo Magi (right), president of the citizenship committee

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File:Spi Cgil Sciopero Regionale Emilia-Romagna 16 ott 2014 (051) (15567974856).jpg

After numerous strikes and demonstrations against the labour reform introduced by the Jobs Act in March 2014 by the Renzi government,{{cite web|date=2025-01-17 |title=Ecco dove era la CGIL |url=https://www.cgil.it/campagne-e-iniziative/ecco-dove-era-la-cgil-s6tkl45u |website=CGIL}} in 2016 the CGIL launched a campaign to collect signatures to carry out a referendum to restore the protections of Article 18 of the Workers' Statute for unlawful dismissals and extend them to all companies with at least five employees: this article, which provided for the reinstatement of the worker in the workplace in the case of unlawful dismissal, had been amended in 2015 by the Jobs Act, which instead provided for economic compensation. The CGIL managed to collect 3.3 million signatures throughout Italy; however, on 11 January 2017 the Constitutional Court declared the referendum question inadmissible because it had also been badly formulated in a proactive manner in order to extend the protection of Article 18 to companies with fewer than 15 employees. Further questions concerning the abolition of work vouchers and the repeal of the provisions limiting joint and several liability in the field of contracting were instead admitted by the Constitutional Court,{{cite news|date=2017-01-11 |periodical=La Repubblica |title=Jobs act, Consulta boccia referendum su art.18; sì a voucher e appalti. Camusso: "Parte campagna per i sì" |url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2017/01/11/news/jobs_act_i_giudici_della_consulta_in_camera_di_consiglio-155814303/}} so the date of 28 May 2017 was set for the abrogative referendums to be held; however, the Gentiloni government urgently approved Decree-Law no. 25 of 17 March 2017, which abrogated the provisions subject to the referendum, which was therefore annulled after the entry into force of the conversion law No. 49 of 20 April 2017.{{cite news|date=2017-04-25 |periodical=Il Manifesto |title=Voucher e appalti, annullato il referendum del 28 maggio |url=https://ilmanifesto.it/voucher-e-appalti-annullato-il-referendum-del-28-maggio}}

In the general assembly of 26 March 2024, the CGIL approved the launch of a {{Ill|Referendum consultations in Italy|lt=referendum consultation|it|Consultazioni referendarie in Italia}} on four issues relating to work, three of which related to points of the Jobs Act reform (implemented by the Renzi government), as part of an overall mobilization strategy that also included a general strike (later held on 11 April), general demonstrations, popular initiative bills and support for disputes over the renewal of collective agreements.{{Cite news |date=26 March 2024 |title=Lavoro: Cgil, Assemblea generale vara strategia complessiva di mobilitazione |url=https://www.cgil.it/ufficio-stampa/lavoro-cgil-assemblea-generale-vara-strategia-complessiva-di-mobilitazione-cw9lwvam}} The general secretary of the union, Maurizio Landini, officially announced the launch of the signature collection for the following 25 April, on the occasion of the Anniversary of the Liberation, with numerous initiatives and stalls in various cities. The referendum campaign was accompanied by the slogan "For stable, dignified, protected and safe work I'll put my signature"; each of the four adjectives included in the sentence referred to one of the questions posed.{{Cite news |date=24 April 2024 |title=Landini: 25 aprile, liberiamo il lavoro |url=https://www.cgil.it/ufficio-stampa/landini-25-aprile-liberiamo-il-lavoro-cq3frvan}}

On 12 June 2024, the organizing secretary of the CGIL, Luigi Giove, announced that the campaign had reached and exceeded the 500,000 signatures required under Article 75 of the Italian Constitution.{{Cite news |date=12 June 2024 |title=Referendum: Cgil, obiettivo raggiunto, superate le 500 mila firme |url=https://www.cgil.it/ufficio-stampa/referendum-cgil-obiettivo-raggiunto-superate-le-500-mila-firme-davzxdbb}} The signatures, quantified by Landini at four million, were finally deposited in the Supreme Court of Cassation on the following July 19.{{Cite news |author=Giulia Casula |date=19 July 2024 |title=Referendum: Cgil, obiettivo raggiunto, superate le 500 mila firme |url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/referendum-lavoro-la-cgil-deposita-4-milioni-di-firme-in-cassazione-cosa-prevedono-i-quattro-quesiti/}}

All four questions were declared legal by the {{Ill|Central Referendum Office|lt=Central Referendum Office|it|Ufficio centrale per il referendum}} on 12 December 2024.{{Cite news |date=12 December 2024 |title=ORDINANZE UFFICIO CENTRALE |url=https://www.cortedicassazione.it/page/it/ordinanze_ufficio_centrale_it_1?contentId=REF35105}} They were declared admissible by the Constitutional Court on 20 January 2025, with rulings filed on 7 February.{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=È AMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM PER L'ABROGAZIONE DEL DECRETO DELEGATO ATTUATIVO DEL JOBS ACT IN MATERIA DI LICENZIAMENTI ILLEGITTIMI |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207124842.pdf}}{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=AMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM SULLA MISURA MASSIMA DELL'INDENNITÀ DA LICENZIAMENTO ILLEGITTIMO |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207124941.pdf}}{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=È AMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM ABROGATIVO IN TEMA DI CONTRATTI DI LAVORO A TERMINE |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207125041.pdf}}{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=AMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM SULLA RESPONSABILITÀ DELL'IMPRENDITORE COMMITTENTE |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207125146.pdf}}

[[File:Naturalization Residence Requirements by Country (Years of Residence).svg|thumb|400px|Residence requirements in years for naturalization by country:

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break}}

{{legend|#0033CC|2 years}}

{{legend|#0059FF|2.5 years}}

{{legend|#3399FF|3 years}}

{{legend|#66B2FF|4 years}}

{{legend|#99CCFF|5 years}}

{{legend|#FFF87A|7 years}}

{{Col-break}}

{{legend|#FFEB66|8 years}}

{{legend|#FFD000|9 years}}

{{legend|#FFAA00|10 years}}

{{legend|#F08000|12 years}}

{{legend|#F06000|14 years}}

{{legend|#FF4400|15 years}}

{{Col-break}}

{{legend|#CC0000|20 years}}

{{legend|#990000|25 years}}

{{legend|#660000|30 years}}

{{legend|#330000|35 years}}

{{legend|#000000|No naturalization allowed}}

{{legend|#9B9B9B|Not stated by law or varies}}

{{legend|#c0c0c0ff|No data}}

{{Col-end}}]]

The referendum question that required halving the years of legal residence to apply for Italian citizenship was initiated by More Europe secretary Riccardo Magi, who filed it with the Supreme Court on 4 September 2024, less than a month before the deadline for collecting signatures. The promoters of the referendum include the political parties More Europe, Possibile, Italian Socialist Party, Italian Radicals and Communist Refoundation Party,{{Cite web |title=Sito ufficiale del Referendum sulla cittadinanza |url=https://referendumcittadinanza.it}} numerous associations of people with a migrant background such as Italians without citizenship, CoNNGI (National Coordination of New Italian Generations) and Idem Network and other organizations including Libera, {{Ill|Gruppo Abele|it}}, A Buon Diritto and Società della Ragione, as well as various personalities such as {{Ill|Mauro Palma|it}} (former National Guarantor of the rights of persons deprived of personal liberty), Luigi Manconi and {{Ill|Ivan Novelli|it}} (president of {{Ill|Greenpeace Italy|it|Greenpeace Italia}}).{{Cite news |date=4 February 2024 |title=Depositato in Cassazione il referendum sulla cittadinanza, Magi (+Europa): "Italiani dopo cinque anni" |url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/09/04/news/cittadinanza_italiana_referendum_cassazione_magi_europa-423478834/}} The issue of the citizenship law, already at the centre of failed attempts at amendment in Parliament on several occasions, had returned to the attention of public opinion after the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris which had seen the successes of many Italian athletes of foreign origin (such as Paola Egonu and Myriam Sylla, winners of the Olympic gold medal for the women's national volleyball team) who in the past had struggled to be officially recognised as Italian.{{Cite news |date=23 February 2024 |title=In un paio di giorni il referendum sulla cittadinanza ha ottenuto moltissime firme |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2024/09/23/raccolta-firme-referendum-cittadinanza/}}

Given the tight deadline of September 30, the promoting committee focused almost exclusively on digital signature collection using the new free platform made available for this purpose by the Government starting from July 26 and already successfully used for the signature collection for the referendum against differentiated autonomy.{{Cite news |date=21 February 2024 |title=Referendum cittadinanza, corsa contro il tempo per le firme. Come si sottoscrive e qual è la scadenza |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/referendum-cittadinanza-corsa-contro-tempo-le-firme-come-si-sottoscrive-e-qual-e-scadenza-AFQZhP2D}} Despite the short time available, thanks also to the push of personalities such as the historian Alessandro Barbero, the writer Roberto Saviano, the cartoonist Zerocalcare, the director Matteo Garrone, the singers Ghali, Dargen D'Amico and Malika Ayane, the actress Kasia Smutniak and the coach of the women's national volleyball team Julio Velasco, the referendum reached the goal of 500,000 signatures on September 25.{{Cite news |date=24 February 2024 |title=Referendum sulla cittadinanza, raggiunte 500 mila firme: cos'è, cosa dicono i partiti, e cosa succede ora |url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/24_settembre_25/referendum-cittadinanza-7e499629-98e4-42e7-96f0-293403b96xlk.shtml}} The signatures, which finally reached the number of 637,487, were deposited by the promoters at the Court of Cassation on September 30.{{Cite news |date=30 September 2024 |title=Cittadinanza, depositate in Cassazione 637.487 firme per il referendum |url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/09/30/news/referendum_cittadinanza_firme_depositate_cassazione-423526917/}}

The question was declared compliant with the law by the {{Ill|Central Referendum Office|lt=Central Referendum Office|it|Ufficio centrale per il referendum}} on 12 December 2024 and declared admissible by the Constitutional Court on 20 January 2025, with a ruling filed on 7 February.{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=AMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM IN MATERIA DI CITTADINANZA |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207124747.pdf}}

• Card colour: Green
• Ballot:

• Title: Employment contract with increasing protections – regulation of unlawful dismissals: Repeal
• Description:

The question proposes to completely repeal the current legislation{{cite web|access-date=16 May 2025 |author=Carlo Muzzi |date=15 May 2025 |publisher=Giornale di Brescia |title=Referendum 8 e 9 giugno: la spiegazione dei cinque quesiti e le schede |url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/politica/lavoro-cittadinanza-cinque-quesiti-al-voto-referendum-8-9-giugno-v0p85sw2}} which prevents, in companies with more than 15 employees, the reinstatement of workers who have been dismissed unlawfully, if they were hired starting from 7 March 2015, even in the case in which the judge declares the interruption of the relationship unjust or unfounded;{{cite web|access-date=5 May 2025 |date=5 May 2025 |title=Tutto quello che c'è da sapere sui referendum dell'8 e del 9 giugno |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/05/05/guida-referendum-8-9-giugno/ |website=Il Post}}{{cite web|access-date=3 May 2025 |author=Nicoletta Cottone |date=27 March 2025 |publisher=Il Sole 24 Ore |title=Referendum: ecco cosa prevedono i cinque quesiti su Jobs act e cittadinanza |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/referendum-ecco-cosa-prevedono-cinque-quesiti-jobs-act-e-cittadinanza-AGf0QViD}} these employees are currently entitled exclusively to compensation ranging from 6 to 36 months of salary, in addition to unpaid wages and other contributions for the period between dismissal and the sentence.{{cite web|access-date=20 May 2025 |author=Francesco Riccardi |date=20 May 2025 |publisher=Avvenire |title=Voto. Referendum sul lavoro: i 4 quesiti, i pro e contro, cosa c'è da sapere |url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/referendum-sul-lavoro-i-4-quesiti-i-pro-e-contro-cosa-c-e-da-sapere}} Reinstatement is expected only in cases of dismissals that are null or discriminatory.

These rules were introduced by Legislative Decree no. 23 of 2015, a part of the Jobs Act reform implemented by the Renzi government and later modified by various rulings of the Constitutional Court. If the referendum is approved, the previous rules would be reinstated, that is Article 18 of the Workers' Statute of 1970, later modified by the Fornero labour reform of 2012: in this way, the possibility of reinstatement in cases of unlawful dismissal would once again apply to all workers, but always within the limits set by the Fornero reform. As a result, compensation for individual dismissals would be limited to a range of 12 to 24 months of salary; instead, employees involved in collective dismissals (involving at least five people) judged to be unlawful would be reinstated.

• Card colour: Orange
• Ballot:

• Title: Small Businesses - Layoffs and related compensation: partial repeal
• Description:

• Card colour: Grey
• Ballot:

• Title: Partial repeal of provisions on the application of a term to subordinate employment contracts, maximum duration and conditions for extensions and renewals
• Description:

• Card colour: Red
• Ballot:

• Title: Exclusion of joint liability of the client, the contractor and the subcontractor for injuries suffered by the employee of a contracting or subcontracting company, as a consequence of the specific risks inherent in the activity of the contracting or subcontracting companies: Repeal
• Description:

• Card colour: Yellow
• Ballot:

• Title: Italian citizenship: Halving from 10 to 5 years of the time of legal residence in Italy of the non-EU adult foreigner for the request for the granting of Italian citizenship
• Description:

A further question concerning the total repeal of the Calderoli law on differentiated autonomy, supported by almost all the opposition parties to the Meloni Government and by various associations, had collected the necessary signatures to be filed with the Court of Cassation,{{Cite news |date=31 July 2024 |title=Autonomia, raggiunte le 500 mila firme per il referendum in dieci giorni. Esultano i promotori: "Adesioni anche da elettori del centrodestra" |url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2024/07/31/news/referendum_autonomia_differenziata_firme-423423523/}} as well as being formally requested by five regional councils (of Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Apulia, Sardinia and Tuscany).{{Cite news |date=23 July 2024 |title=Autonomia, da cinque Regioni progressiste sì al referendum |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2024/07/23/autonomia-da-cinque-regioni-progressiste-si-al-referendum_48729956-4e7c-4553-b7bd-a5d35cd52ba1.html}} However, on 20 January 2025 the question was declared inadmissible by the Constitutional Court following its previous ruling no. 192/2024, which had declared many parts of the law unconstitutional, with the consequence of having made the object of the question objectively obscure – significantly reduced as a result of the aforementioned ruling – as well as lacking clarity as to its purpose.{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=INAMMISSIBILE IL REFERENDUM SULL'AUTONOMIA DIFFERENZIATA |url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/comunicatistampa/CC_CS_20250207102936.pdf}}

Precisely because of sentence no. 192/2024, a second question of partial repeal of the law requested by the same 5 regional councils had already been considered outdated by the Central Office for the Referendum of the Court of Cassation.{{Cite news |date=12 December 2024 |title=ORDINANZE UFFICIO CENTRALE |url=https://www.cortedicassazione.it/resources/cms/documents/Ordinanza_12.12.2024_AUTONOMIA_DIFFERENZIATA.pdf}}

The following table lists all the positions taken by the political parties present in the Italian Parliament and European Parliament or associated with one of the committees promoting the questions.{{Efn|Parties are ordered by parliamentary representation and, in the event of a tie, alphabetically. Political movements and associations with parliamentary representation but not constituted as actual parties are not listed, as are political movements with parliamentary representation and federated to one of the parties already listed.}}

The following table lists all the positions, if any of the main Italian trade unions, whether or not they are associated with one of the committees promoting the questions.

On 10 March 2025, the president of the citizenship referendum committee, Riccardo Magi, and his correspondent for the referendums on work, Maurizio Landini, announced that they would attend a meeting, held the following day, with the Secretary of the Council of Ministers, Alfredo Mantovano, and the Minister of the Interior, Matteo Piantedosi, requesting the possibility of voting for students, workers and out-of-town patients, as well as the calling of a single election day for the referendum and administrative elections and adequate media coverage by the RAI networks and other broadcasters.{{Cite web |author=Matteo Marcelli |date=10 March 2025 |title=Referendum. È battaglia per la visibilità. Comitati: election day e voto ai fuori sede |url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/referendum-e-battaglia-per-la-visibilita-comitati |website=www.avvenire.it |publisher=Avvenire}}

On 13 March, the Council of Ministers established that the referendums would be held on Sunday 8 and Monday 9 June of the same year, at the same time as the run-off round of the administrative elections, in contrast with the request of the promoters to make the date of the consultations coincide with the first round of the aforementioned elections.{{Cite web |date=13 March 2025 |title=Elezioni e referendum 2025, quando si vota: comunali il 25 e 26 maggio, secondo turno 8 e 9 giugno con le 5 consultazioni |url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/25_marzo_13/le-elezioni-comunali-il-25-e-26-maggio-secondo-turno-8-e-9-giugno-insieme-al-referendum-d43684ed-c6a7-4194-b9e5-c07fdc095xlk.shtml |website= |publisher=Corriere della Sera}}{{Cite web |date=13 March 2025 |title=Ok Cdm a dl elezioni, ballottaggi e referendum 8-9 giugno |url=https://askanews.it/2025/03/13/ok-cdm-a-dl-elezioni-ballottaggi-e-referendum-8-9-giugno/}} On the same occasion, the approval of a decree-law was announced which would have allowed voters who had been away from home for study, work or medical reasons for at least three months before the referendum to request to vote in a polling station other than their municipality of residence,{{Cite web |author=Giulia Casula |date=13 March 2025 |title=Referendum 2025, potranno votare tutti i fuori sede: come fare richiesta e quando |url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/referendum-2025-potranno-votare-tutti-i-fuori-sede-come-fare-richiesta-e-quando/ |website=Fanpage.it}}{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=I referendum sulla cittadinanza e sul Jobs Act si terranno l'8 e il 9 giugno |url=https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/data-referendum-cittadinanza-jobs-act |website=Pagella Politica}} by submitting an application by 5 May.

On April 28, 2025, an appeal to vote in favor of all the referendums was published by forty prominent figures from research and academia, including Giorgio Parisi, Silvio Garattini, Donatella della Porta, Nadia Urbinati, Salvatore Settis, Marco Doria, Luigi Ferrajoli, and Maria Cecilia Guerra, a deputy.{{Cite web|url=https://finanza.repubblica.it/News/2025/04/28/referendum%C2%A08_9_giugno_lappello%C2%A0per_il_voto_di%C2%A040_personalita_della_ricerca_e_delluniversita-103/|title=Referendum 8-9 giugno: l'appello per il voto di 40 personalità della ricerca e dell'università|lang=it|website=finanza.repubblica.it|editor=La Repubblica|date=28 April 2025|access-date=13 May 2025}}

On May 10, another similar appeal was published, promoted by a group of workers affiliated with the SLC CGIL union in Milan and signed, among others, by Angela Finocchiaro, Paolo Fresu, Lella Costa, Lino Guanciale, Marina Massironi, Francesco Paolantoni, Serena Dandini, the Punkreas, Ricky Gianco, and Elio De Capitani.{{Cite web|url=https://www.collettiva.it/copertine/culture/artisti-e-lavoratori-dello-spettacolo-si-ai-referendum-ljibxybe|title=Artisti e lavoratori dello spettacolo: "Sì ai referendum"|website=www.collettiva.it|editor=Collettiva|date=10 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025|lang=it}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2025/05/10/nel-nostro-mondo-splendore-visibile-e-diritti-invisibili-lappello-per-il-referendum-di-oltre-400-lavoratori-dello-spettacolo/7982593/|title="Nel nostro mondo splendore visibile e diritti invisibili": l'appello per il referendum di oltre 400 lavoratori dello spettacolo|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=10 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025|lang=it}}

Alessandro Barbero,{{Cite web|author=Francesco Moscatelli|url=https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2025/02/12/news/barbero_cgil_campagna_referendaria-14998307/|title=Referendum, con Landini c'è Barbero: "Cara Meloni, il conflitto non è tossico"|website=La Stampa|date=12 February 2025|access-date=18 May 2025|lang=it}} Alfiero Grandi{{Cite web|author=Alfiero Grandi|url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/idee/commenti/referendum-8-9-giugno-perche-invocare-astensione-errore-mlg0lffy|title=Invocare l'astensione è un errore. La vera posta dietro i referendum|website=Domani|date=19 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|lang=it}} and the FNSI have promoted a vote in favor of all the five questions;{{Cite web|url=https://www.professionereporter.eu/2025/05/fnsi-appello-ai-media-parlate-dei-referendum-su-lavoro-e-cittadinanza/|title=Fnsi, appello ai media: parlate dei referendum su lavoro e cittadinanza|date=16 May 2025|access-date=22 May 2025|lang=it}} whereas Maurizio Ambrosini{{Cite web|author=Maurizio Ambrosini|url=https://www.avvenire.it/opinioni/pagine/referendum-sulla-cittadinanza-quale-futuro-immaginiamo|title=Editoriale. Referendum sulla cittadinanza, quale domani immaginiamo|website=Avvenire|date=14 May 2025|access-date=15 May 2025|lang=it}} and the general director of Save the Children Italy, Daniela Fatarella, publicly supported only the referendum on citizenship.{{Cite web|author=Diego Motta|url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/l-intervista-il-referendum-e-un-occasione-storica|title=Cittadinanza. Fatarella (Save the Children): «Il referendum è un'occasione storica»|website=Avvenire|date=17 May 2025|access-date=17 May 2025|lang=it}}

More generic appeals to vote, without specific endorsements, came from Geppi Cucciari,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/tv/2025/05/11/cucciari-ad-amici-votate-ai-referendum-i-social-si-dividono_d9435c4f-ce3b-4fbd-955a-bb819a666569.html|title=Cucciari ad Amici: 'votate ai referendum', i social si dividono|website=ANSA|date=11 May 2025|access-date=13 May 2025|lang=it}} Marco Mengoni,{{Cite web|url=https://video.corriere.it/spettacoli/marco-mengoni-a-che-tempo-che-fa-dobbiamo-votare-tutti-al-referendum-e-importantissimo-/dad73849-c893-4a6b-802e-9c8b0d5c5xlk|title=Marco Mengoni a 'Che Tempo Che Fa': «Dobbiamo votare tutti al referendum. È importantissimo»|website=Corriere TV|date=12 May 2025|access-date=13 May 2025|lang=it}} Valeria Solarino,{{Cite web|author=Lisa Di Giuseppe|url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/fatti/corpo-donne-migranti-amnesty-italia-50-anni-pivetti-solarino-igx4rnft|lang=it|title=Pivetti e Solarino, il ruolo delle attrici nella vita pubblica: «Chi ha un microfono lo usi per dare voce a chi non ce l'ha»|website=Domani|date=11 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}} Michele Serra,{{Cite web|author=Michele Serra|url=https://www.ilpost.it/ok-boomer/fare-gli-italiani-e-le-italiane/|title=Fare gli italiani e le italiane|website=Il Post|date=13 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025|lang=it}} Maurizio Crozza,{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbircialanotizia.it/2025/05/16/fratelli-di-crozza-su-nove-satira-su-referendum-giuli-urso-zaia-e-de-luca/|title=Fratelli di Crozza su NOVE: satira su referendum, Giuli, Urso, Zaia e De Luca|date=16 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025|lang=it}} Vera Gheno{{Cite web|author=Vera Gheno|url=https://www.ilpost.it/podcasts/amare-parole/ep-106-qualche-spiegazione-sui-referendum-dell8-e-9-giugno/|lang=it|title=Amare Parole - Ep. 106 – Qualche spiegazione sui referendum dell'8 e del 9 giugno|website=Il Post|date=18 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025}} and Piero Pelù.{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/2025/05/19/video/piero_pelu_votate_come_vi_pare_ma_andate_ai_seggi_per_il_referendum_e_attacca_la_russa-424336789/|title=Piero Pelù: "Votate come vi pare ma andate ai seggi per il referendum". E attacca La Russa|website=La Repubblica|date=19 May 2025|access-date=19 May 2025|lang=it}}

On May 19, 2025, over fifty mayors from various Italian cities published a general appeal encouraging participation in the referendum.{{Cite web|url=https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2025-05-19/appello-sindaci-partecipazione-referendum-8-9-giugno-31478226/|title=Oltre 50 sindaci invitano i cittadini a partecipare al referendum|website=AGI|date=19 May 2025|access-date=20 May 2025|lang=it}} AGESCI and the Focolare Movement have adopted the same line as the CEI; Azione Cattolica and the Community of Sant'Egidio have promoted the vote in favor of the question on citizenship, while "Compagnia delle Opere" and Christian Workers Movement have sided in favor of abstention.{{cite web|author=paolo viana|url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/le-voci-dei-cattolici-sulla-cittadinanza|title=Le voci. First the contents, then the slogans: what catholics say about citizenship|website=Avvenire|date=7 June 2025|access-date=8 June 2025}}

A dedicated student committee titled "Il Futuro Passa dal Sì – Studenti per il 5 Sì" ({{literally|The Future Passes through Yes – Students for the 5 Yes}}) was formed by the Rete degli Studenti Medi and the Unione degli universitari.{{cite web|url=https://www.collettiva.it/copertine/italia/il-futuro-passa-dal-si-gli-studenti-per-il-referendum-neu3oxut|title=Il futuro passa dal sì, gli studenti per il referendum|date=21 January 2025|lang=it|website=Collettiva|access-date=2 June 2025}} This initiative focused on promoting youth engagement and supporting a 'Yes' vote across all five referendum questions.{{cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/lazio/notizie/2025/01/21/studenti-si-mobilitano-per-referendum-futuro-passa-dal-si_c17bc310-6ea5-441b-a261-57885198a97a.html|lang=it|title=Studenti si mobilitano per referendum 'Futuro passa dal sì'|date=21 October 2025|website=ansa.it|access-date=2 June 2025}}

While aligned with the broader objectives of the national Comitato per i Referendum sul Lavoro 2025, the student committee operated autonomously, organizing events, assemblies, and communication campaigns in schools and universities.{{cite web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/video/roma/referendum_blitz_degli_studenti_romani_il_futuro_passa_dal_si-8607020.html|title=Referendum, blitz degli studenti romani: "Il futuro passa dal sì"|date=21 January 2025|website=Il Messaggero|access-date=2 June 2025|lang=it}} The committee framed the referendums as directly impacting students' futures, particularly regarding job security, fair employment practices, and access to citizenship.{{cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/canale_legalita_scuola/notizie/2025/01/30/studenti-per-i-referendum-azione-regionale-sul-ponte-di-rialto_fa2036e5-ae1e-435a-a524-c88cacb61465.html|lang=it|title=Studenti per i referendum, azione regionale sul ponte di Rialto|date=30 January 2025|website=ansa.it|access-date=2 June 2025}}

The initiative also intersected with the "Io Voto Fuori Sede" campaign, advocating for students’ voting rights when living away from their registered residence, an issue that affects electoral participation among mobile youth populations.{{cite web|url=https://www.cgilcosenza.it/notizie/referendum-2025-i-fuori-sede-vogliono-votare-udu-e-rete-studenti-medi-chiedono-al-governo-di-garantire-a-milioni-di-cittadini-un-diritto-costituzionale/|title=Referendum 2025: i fuori sede vogliono votare {{!}} Udu e Rete studenti medi chiedono al governo di garantire a milioni di cittadini un diritto costituzionale|date=25 February 2025|website=CGIL Cosenza|access-date=2 June 2025|lang=it}}

On February 12 and 13, 2025, during a national meeting of the CGIL at the PalaDozza in Bologna, the referendum campaign on labor-related questions was launched,{{Cite web|author=Giovanni Di Caprio|url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/bologna/cronaca/referendum-sul-lavoro-la-cgil-4ebabef6|title=Referendum sul lavoro. La Cgil parte da Bologna: "Votare è la risposta"|website=Il Resto del Carlino|date=13 February 2025|access-date=12 May 2025|lang=it}} while the organizations and parties promoting the citizenship referendum held an official assembly on March 7 at the ExtraLibera venue in Rome.{{Cite web|author=Fabio Salamida|url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/referendum-sulla-cittadinanza-ora-la-grande-sfida-e-il-quorum/|title=Referendum sulla cittadinanza, ora la grande sfida è il quorum|website=Fanpage.it|lang=it|date=7 March 2025|access-date=12 May 2025}} On April 11 and 12, the CGIL organized the “Futura 2025” event at the Camera del Lavoro in Milan, featuring a series of discussions on the content and goals of the five referendum questions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/futura-2025-parte-la-campagna-per-i-referendum-dell8-e-9-giugno-su-lavoro-e-cittadinanza/|title=Futura 2025, la Cgil lancia la campagna per i referendum dell'8 e 9 giugno su lavoro e cittadinanza|website=Fanpage.it|date=11 April 2025|access-date=12 May 2025|lang=it}}

File:Manifesto referendum 2025.jpg]]

On April 28, 2025, an appeal in support of all the referendums was published by forty academics and researchers, including the Nobel Prize winner in Physics Giorgio Parisi, Donatella della Porta, Nadia Urbinati, the founder of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Silvio Garattini, Salvatore Settis, former mayor of Genoa, Marco Doria, and deputy Maria Cecilia Guerra.{{Cite web|url=https://finanza.repubblica.it/News/2025/04/28/referendum%C2%A08_9_giugno_lappello%C2%A0per_il_voto_di%C2%A040_personalita_della_ricerca_e_delluniversita-103/|title=Referendum 8-9 giugno: l'appello per il voto di 40 personalità della ricerca e dell'università|website=finanza.repubblica.it|editor=La Repubblica|date=28 April 2025|access-date=13 May 2025|lang=it}} Maurizio Ambrosini{{Cite web|author=Maurizio Ambrosini|url=https://www.avvenire.it/opinioni/pagine/referendum-sulla-cittadinanza-quale-futuro-immaginiamo|title=Editoriale. Referendum sulla cittadinanza, quale domani immaginiamo|website=Avvenire|date=14 May 2025|access-date=15 May 2025|lang=it}} and Daniela Fatarella, general director of Save the Children Italia, publicly supported the citizenship referendum,{{Cite web|author=Diego Motta|url=https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/l-intervista-il-referendum-e-un-occasione-storica|title=Cittadinanza. Fatarella (Save the Children): «Il referendum è un'occasione storica»|website=Avvenire|date=17 May 2025|access-date=17 May 2025}} while Alessandro Barbero endorsed voting “yes” on all five questions.{{Cite web|author=Francesco Moscatelli|url=https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2025/02/12/news/barbero_cgil_campagna_referendaria-14998307/|title=Referendum, con Landini c'è Barbero: "Cara Meloni, il conflitto non è tossico"|website=La Stampa|date=12 February 2025|access-date=18 May 2025}} Additionally, General voting appeals, without specific endorsements came from Geppi Cucciari,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/tv/2025/05/11/cucciari-ad-amici-votate-ai-referendum-i-social-si-dividono_d9435c4f-ce3b-4fbd-955a-bb819a666569.html|title=Cucciari ad Amici: 'votate ai referendum', i social si dividono|website=ANSA|date=11 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025}} Marco Mengoni,{{Cite web|url=https://video.corriere.it/spettacoli/marco-mengoni-a-che-tempo-che-fa-dobbiamo-votare-tutti-al-referendum-e-importantissimo-/dad73849-c893-4a6b-802e-9c8b0d5c5xlk|title=Marco Mengoni a 'Che Tempo Che Fa': «Dobbiamo votare tutti al referendum. È importantissimo»|website=Corriere TV|date=12 May 2025|access-date=13 May 2025}} Valeria Solarino,{{Cite web|author=Lisa Di Giuseppe|url=https://www.editorialedomani.it/fatti/corpo-donne-migranti-amnesty-italia-50-anni-pivetti-solarino-igx4rnft|title=Pivetti e Solarino, il ruolo delle attrici nella vita pubblica: «Chi ha un microfono lo usi per dare voce a chi non ce l'ha»|website=Domani|date=11 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}} Michele Serra{{Cite web|author=Michele Serra|url=https://www.ilpost.it/ok-boomer/fare-gli-italiani-e-le-italiane/|title=Fare gli italiani e le italiane|website=Il Post|date=13 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}} and Maurizio Crozza.{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbircialanotizia.it/2025/05/16/fratelli-di-crozza-su-nove-satira-su-referendum-giuli-urso-zaia-e-de-luca/|title=Fratelli di Crozza su NOVE: satira su referendum, Giuli, Urso, Zaia e De Luca|date=16 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025}}

On the evening of May 14, 2025, some members of the committee promoting the citizenship referendum projected the campaign logo onto the facade of Palazzo Chigi during a flash mob held in Piazza Colonna in Rome.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/referendum-cittadinanza-comitato-promotore-proietta-logo-facciata-palazzo-chigi-AHUTcxl|title=Referendum cittadinanza: il comitato promotore proietta il logo sulla facciata Palazzo Chigi|website=Il Sole 24 Ore|date=15 May 2025|access-date=16 May 2025}}

During a Pro-Palestinian protest which took place on June 7, 2025, the day before the referendum,{{Cite web |date=2025-06-07 |title=Manifestazione per Gaza e Palestina oggi a Roma, in diretta {{!}} Elly Schlein dal palco in piazza San Giovanni: «Governo riconosca stato di Palestina» |url=https://roma.corriere.it/cronaca/diretta-live/25_giugno_07/manifestazione-gaza-palestina-roma-7-giugno-2025.shtml |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it-IT}} and which hosted over 300,000 people,{{Cite web |last=Roma |first=Redazione |date=2025-06-07 |title=Manifestazione pro-Gaza: oltre 300mila a Roma. Schlein: in piazza l'Italia che non tace |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/corteo-pro-gaza-roma-attese-50mila-persone-allerta-blitz-movimenti-AHOJP18 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Il Sole 24 ORE |language=it}} all the organizers went up on the stage and told people to vote «Yes» to all of the referendums.

On 2 April 2025, the Rai Parliamentary Supervisory Commission issued a resolution to regulate communication, the organization of the electoral tribunes and the self-managed messages on the five referendum.{{Cite web|url=https://prefettura.interno.gov.it/sites/default/files/88/2025-04/delibera-2-aprile-2025-disposizioni-in-materia-di-comunicazione-politica.pdf|title=DELIBERA 2 aprile 2025|date=2 April 2025|access-date=12 May 2025}}{{Cite web|author=Vincenzo Vita|url=https://ilmanifesto.it/referendum-il-silenzio-non-e-doro|title=Referendum, il silenzio non è d'oro|website=il manifesto|date=22 April 2025|access-date=12 May 2025}} Towards the end of April, the referendum committees organized a series of demonstrations in front of regional Rai offices in various cities, calling for the public broadcaster to ensure a higher level of information on the upcoming votes.{{Cite web|url=https://www.collettiva.it/speciali/referendum-2025/referendum-silenzio-rai-piazze-j2fu08pq|title=Rompiamo il silenzio sui referendum. Le piazze|publisher=Collettiva|date=29 April 2025|access-date=12 May 2025}}{{Cite web|author=Lara Martino|author2=Augusta Salierno|date=29 April 2025|title=Referendum, presidio Cgil sotto la Rai di Napoli: "Più informazione sui quesiti"|publisher=TGR Campania|website=Rai News|access-date=12 May 2025|url=https://www.rainews.it/tgr/campania/video/2025/04/referendum-presidio-cgil-sotto-la-sede-rai-per-chiedere-informazione-sui-quesiti-9147dde5-fd84-4472-8168-685d6abf4e75.html}}

On 8 April, the Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (AGCOM) published a resolution on the rules regarding political communication and equal access to the media for the referendum campaigns, aimed at newspapers, magazines, online outlets, polling agencies, and broadcasting stations.{{Cite web|url=https://www.agcom.it/sites/default/files/provvedimenti/delibera/2025/Delibera%20102_25_CONS.pdf|title=DELIBERA N. 102/25/CONS|publisher=AGCOM|date=8 April 2025|access-date=11 May 2025}}{{Cite web|author=Luca Esposito|url=https://www.editoria.tv/referendum-arrivano-le-linee-guida-agcom/|title=Referendum, arrivano le linee guida Agcom|date=14 April 2025|access-date=11 May 2025}} On 13 May, AGCOM also issued a warning to Rai and all other national TV and radio broadcasters to ensure "accurate, impartial, and complete information on the referendum questions and the arguments supporting each voting option".{{Cite web|url=https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/comunicato-stampa-33|title=Comunicato stampa - Richiamo alle emittenti televisive e radiofoniche per garantire adeguata copertura ai referendum|publisher=AGCOM|date=13 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/05/14/agcom-richiamo-referendum-8-9-giugno/|title=L'AGCOM ha richiamato le emittenti televisive e radiofoniche perché garantiscano un'adeguata copertura dei referendum dell'8 e 9 giugno|website=Il Post|date=14 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}}

In May 2025, during an interview for Avvenire, Antonella Soldo, coordinator of the promoting committee for the citizenship referendum, accused the organizers of the "Concerto del Primo Maggio" in Rome of not allowing the hosts and performers to include references to the referendum in their speeches. She also stated that a flash mob organized on the same day by the committee in Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano had been blocked by "about fifteen undercover police officers" due to the lack of authorization.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

On 10 May, four CGIL trade unionists and a security staff member of a shopping center in Rome were identified by a patrol of the Polizia di Stato, following a dispute over the union members' distribution of flyers in favor of the referendums.{{Cite web|author=Valerio Valeri|url=https://www.romatoday.it/cronaca/polizia-identifica-sindacalisti-cgil-casilino.html|title=Sindacalisti Cgil identificati mentre fanno volantinaggio per i referendum di giugno. Ecco cos'è successo|website=RomaToday|date=10 May 2025|access-date=12 May 2025}}

On 14 May 2025, during a question time in the Chamber of Deputies, the MP and citizenship referendum promoter Riccardo Magi entered the chamber dressed as a ghost, accusing the Meloni government of poor information about the five questions and protesting the ruling coalition parties’ call for abstention. The gesture, for which Magi was expelled from the chamber, was compared to a similar one by the Radical activist Marco Pannella during the hunting referendum of 1997.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilpost.it/flashes/riccardo-magi-fantasma-referendum/|title=Un deputato è entrato alla Camera vestito da fantasma per protestare contro chi vuole boicottare i referendum|website=Il Post|date=14 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2025/05/14/video/riccardo-magi-vestito-da-fantasma-della-democrazia-espulso-dall-aula-7726486/|title=Riccardo Magi vestito da "fantasma della democrazia", espulso dall'Aula|website=www.ilfoglio.it|publisher=Il Foglio|date=14 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}}

From 12 May to 6 June, {{ill|Rai Parlamento|it|Rai Parlamento}} organized a series of 45 televised debates (two per day, then three starting from 2 June) on Rai 1, Rai 2, and Rai 3, in addition to 45 radio debates.{{Cite web|url=https://raiparlamento.rai.it//raiParlamento_files/2025/5/REFERENDUM_2025_calendario%20CONFRONTO.pdf|title=REFERENDUM_2025_calendario CONFRONTO|website=Rai Parlamento|access-date=17 May 2025}} Furthermore, self-managed messages supporting or opposing the questions were also broadcast on Rai 3 and Rai’s radio channels.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/05/dal-12-maggio-al-via-i-confronti-politici-sui-quesiti-del-referendum-8-e-9-giugno-763999b2-e4ef-41de-be04-939b4f245684.html|title=Da oggi al via i confronti politici sui quesiti del Referendum dell'8 e 9 giugno|website=Rai News|date=9 May 2025|access-date=14 May 2025}}

File:Urne referendum abrogativi in Italia 2025.jpg.]]

The electorate for the 5 referendum questions was 51,301,377 voters, of which 45,997,941 in Italy (registered in 61,591 sections) and 5,303,436 abroad (registered in 1,863 consular districts).

The quorum was reached in only 28 Italian municipalities (of which 11 engaged in administrative elections), with the primacy of Rosello (Chieti) with a 66% turnout; in the foreign constituency the quorum was reached in 13 countries, including Djibouti where there was a turnout of 102.41%.

In accordance with the combined provisions of Law 459/2001, Article 14.1{{url|https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2001-dicembre-27;459~art14!vig=}} and Presidential Decree 104/2003, Article 18.5,{{url|https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.presidente.repubblica:2003-aprile-2;104~art18!vig=}} ballot operations were not conducted in 31 consular districts of Venezuela and in a singular consular districts of the Netherlands.

This was due to the late arrival of ballot envelopes in Rome, after the start of the official counting process. As Italian law requires that votes cast abroad be counted simultaneously with those cast on national territory, any ballots received after the deadline are excluded from the count and are not considered for voter turnout purposes.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

{{Referendum

| title = First Question

| yes = 13,031,478

| yespct = 87.57

| no = 1,850,491

| nopct = 12.43

| valid =

| validpct =

| invalid =

| invalidpct =

| total = 14,881,969

| turnoutpct = 29.89

| turnoutneeded = 50.00

| electorate = 51,301,377

| source = {{url|https://elezioni.interno.gov.it/risultati/20250608/referendum/scrutini/italia/italia}}

}}

{{Referendum

| title = Second Question

| yes = 12,790,348

| yespct = 86.02

| no = 2,078,211

| nopct = 13,98

| valid =

| validpct =

| invalid =

| invalidpct =

| total = 14,868,559

| turnoutpct = 29.89

| turnoutneeded = 50.00

| electorate = 51,301,377

| source =

}}

{{Referendum

| title = Third Question

| yes = 12,997,490

| yespct = 87.53

| no = 1,851,990

| nopct = 12.47

| valid =

| validpct =

| invalid =

| invalidpct =

| total = 14,849,480

| turnoutpct = 29.89

| turnoutneeded = 50.00

| electorate = 51,301,377

| source =

}}

{{Referendum

| title = Fourth Question

| yes = 12,763,767

| yespct = 85.79

| no = 2,115,019

| nopct = 14.21

| valid =

| validpct =

| invalid =

| invalidpct =

| total = 14,878,786

| turnoutpct = 29.90

| turnoutneeded = 50.00

| electorate = 51,301,377

| source =

}}

{{Referendum

| title = Fifth Question

| yes = 9,748,896

| yespct = 65.34

| no = 5,172,117

| nopct = 34.66

| valid =

| validpct =

| invalid =

| invalidpct =

| total = 14,921,013

| turnoutpct = 29.91

| turnoutneeded = 50.00

| electorate = 51,301,377

| source =

}}

File:Urne referendum 2025 (Empoli).jpg.]]

File:2025 Italian Referendum (Turnout).jpg]]

• 2025 Italian local elections
• 2025 elections in the European Union

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{url|https://www.cgil.it/referendum/referendum-popolari-2025-per-il-lavoro-ci-metto-la-firma-g8o29e12|Official website promoting the labour referendums}} by CGIL
• {{url|https://referendumcittadinanza.it|Official website promoting the citizenship referendum}}

{{Italian elections}}

Italy

Referendum

Referendum

Category:Constitutional referendums in Italy

Category:Referendums in Italy