Centenary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918

{{Further|Armistice of 11 November 1918}}

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed near the French town of Compiègne, between the Allied Powers and Germany—represented by Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch and civilian politician Matthias Erzberger respectively—with capitulations having already been made separately by Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. The agreements made by both sides included the cessation of all land and air hostilities on the Western Front. It was agreed upon at 5{{nbsp}}am (Paris time) and came into effect later that morning at 11{{nbsp}}am.{{Cite Wikisource |title=Armistice between the Allied Governments and Germany|date=11 November 1918}}

Formal peace negotiations only took place during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and 1920. With three extensions to the armistice having already been made, a state of peace was ratified with a series of treaties between the Allies and the former Central Powers, beginning with the Treaty of Versailles on 10 January 1920.{{sfn|Salter|1921|pp=223, 228–229}}{{sfn|Edmonds|Bayliss|1987|p=189}}

Following the end of the war, 11 November was designated a memorial day initially dedicated to the anniversary of the armistice and the military dead of World War I, known as Armistice Day. The first such observance took place in 1919.{{Cite web |title=Today in History - November 11 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/november-11/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |publisher=Library of Congress}} Following World War II, it was renamed under different titles in several countries (e.g. Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth and Veterans Day in the United States).

In the years leading up to the First World War centenary covering the period from 2014 to 2018, several national governments drafted plans to host commemorative events, beginning with the anniversary of the outbreak of World War I and also marking key dates of the war such as the Gallipoli campaign in 2015 and the battles of Verdun and the Somme in 2016.{{Cite web |title=First World War centenary programme 2014-2018 - Guide to engaging local communities |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7dd275e5274a5eb14e7654/First_World_War_centenary_programme_2014-2018.pdf |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=gov.uk |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport}}{{Cite news |last=Marcon |first=Géraldine |date=2018-09-18 |title=Le programme du centenaire de l'armistice du 11 novembre 1918 dévoilé |trans-title=The schedule for the centenary of the armistice of 11 November 1918 revealed |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/education/le-programme-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-du-11-novembre-1918-devoile-1537276635 |access-date=2023-10-10 |work=France Bleu |language=fr}}

In 2017, the Bank of France announced it would release a 2 euro commemorative coin depicting the bleuet de France, the country's main war remembrance symbol, in light of the centenary the following year.{{Cite web |date=2017-10-30 |title=En 2018, l'armistice commémoré par la France |trans-title=In 2018, France will commemorate the armistice |url=https://www.monnaie-magazine.com/2018-armistice-commemore-france/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Monnaie Magazine |language=fr-FR}}

The official schedule of events was revealed on 18 September 2018, during a press conference hosted by education minister Jean-Michel Blanquer and Geneviève Darrieussecq, secretary of state to the Minister of the Armed Forces. It included an international ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe followed by the inaugural edition of the newly founded Paris Peace Forum, plans which were already mentioned by French President Emmanuel Macron in a speech published in July.{{Citation |last=Macron |first=Emmanuel |title=Forum de Paris sur la Paix : rendez-vous le 11 novembre 2018 |date=2018-07-03 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tc4N8hhdpA |access-date=2022-10-04 |language=fr |via=YouTube}} The government's {{Lang|fr|Mission Centenaire}} committee was responsible for the organisation of the events.

The government of the United Kingdom announced that it would allocate a £19 million package to mark the centenary, with an additional £10 million being added to the annual budget made to the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust,{{Cite web |date=2018-11-07 |title=£19 million package to mark armistice centenary |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/19-million-package-to-mark-armistice-centenary |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=gov.uk |language=en}} while individual local events were coordinated by the Imperial War Museum. The BBC planned a week-long series of dedicated programming across its platforms, as part of its World War I centenary season.{{Cite web |date=2018-10-30 |title=BBC to mark Remembrance Week 2018 and the end of the First World War centenary |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/remembrance2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125231626/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/remembrance2018 |archive-date=2019-01-25 |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Media Centre |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}} The government of the Isle of Man also released a series of commemorative coins in advance of the centenary.{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=First World War centenary coins officially launched |url=https://www.gov.im/news/2018/oct/31/first-world-war-centenary-coins-officially-launched/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Isle of Man Government}}

President Donald Trump proposed that a military parade at the Capitol be held on 10 November to mark the centenary, in admiration of France's Bastille Day military parade (which Trump attended as a guest in 2017). However, Trump cancelled the proposed event in August 2018 over cost concerns, with estimates that the parade would have cost as much as US$92 million.{{Cite news |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=2018-08-17 |title=Trump says he canceled military parade over 'ridiculously high' cost, which he blames on local DC politicians |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/17/trump-says-he-canceled-military-parade-over-ridiculously-high-cost.html |access-date=2021-07-14 |publisher=CNBC}}{{Cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Barbara |last2=Chappell |first2=Bill |date=2018-08-16 |title=No Military Parade For Trump In D.C. This Year; Pentagon Looking At Dates In 2019 |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/08/16/639435987/no-veterans-day-military-parade-this-year-dod-looking-at-dates-in-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703190813/https://www.npr.org/2018/08/16/639435987/no-veterans-day-military-parade-this-year-dod-looking-at-dates-in-2019 |archive-date=2019-07-03 |access-date=2019-07-03 |publisher=NPR}}{{cite news |last1=Eilperin |first1=Juliet |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |last3=Lamothe |first3=Dan |date=July 1, 2019 |title=Trump asks for tanks, Marine One and much more for grandiose July Fourth event |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/trump-asks-for-military-tanks-on-the-mall-as-part-of-grandiose-july-fourth-event/2019/07/01/e9d274ee-9adc-11e9-8d0a-5edd7e2025b1_story.html?noredirect=on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701210441/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/trump-asks-for-military-tanks-on-the-mall-as-part-of-grandiose-july-fourth-event/2019/07/01/e9d274ee-9adc-11e9-8d0a-5edd7e2025b1_story.html?noredirect=on |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |access-date=July 4, 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |quote=Trump has been fixated since early in his term on putting on a military-heavy parade or other celebration modeled on France's Bastille Day celebration, which he attended in Paris in 2017.}}

On 4 November 2018, Macron and his spouse Brigitte Macron hosted German president Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the Strasbourg Cathedral. Following a military ceremony, they attended a concert inside, conducted by the orchestra of the Académie supérieure de Strasbourg.{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Macron et le président allemand dimanche à Strasbourg pour lancer les célébrations 14-18 |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/macron-et-le-president-allemand-dimanche-a-strasbourg-pour-lancer-les-celebrations-14-18--31-10-2018-2267645_20.php |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=Le Point |language=fr}} The flags of France, the European Union and Germany were hoisted outside the cathedral.{{Cite news |last=Poussard |first=Bruno |date=4 November 2018 |title=Strasbourg: Avec son homologue allemand, le président Macron lance son périple commémoratif |trans-title=Strasbourg: With his German counterpart, President Macron launches his commemorative journey |url=https://www.20minutes.fr/strasbourg/2365607-20181104-strasbourg-homologue-allemand-president-macron-lance-periple-commemoratif |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421195844/https://www.20minutes.fr/strasbourg/2365607-20181104-strasbourg-homologue-allemand-president-macron-lance-periple-commemoratif |archive-date=21 April 2019 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=20 Minutes |language=fr}}{{Cite web |title=Macron entame à Strasbourg un périple sur les traces de la Grande Guerre |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2018/11/04/2899295-macron-part-semaine-traces-grande-guerre.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=ladepeche.fr |language=fr}}

On 6 November 2018, Macron announced that writer Maurice Genevoix, author of numerous books on the First World War, would be posthumously listed on the Panthéon in 2019, alongside fourteen other French civilians and soldiers who participated in World War I.{{Cite news |last1=Boichot |first1=Loris |last2=Berdah |first2=Arthur |date=6 November 2018 |title=Macron annonce l'entrée au Panthéon de Maurice Genevoix et de «ceux de 14» |trans-title=Macron announces the entry into the Pantheon of Maurice Genevoix and of "those of 14" |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/2018/11/06/25001-20181106ARTFIG00122-macron-annonce-l-entree-au-pantheon-de-maurice-genevoix-et-de-ceux-de-14.php |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=Le Figaro |language=fr}} He opened a memorial for fallen colonial soldiers in Reims alongside Malian president Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-06 |title=A Reims, un symbole de la reconnaissance « tardive » des tirailleurs africains |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/11/06/a-reims-un-symbole-de-la-reconnaissance-tardive-des-tirailleurs-africains_5379597_3212.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}

Throughout the course of the week, Macron visited symbolic Western Front locations across eleven departments in the north and east of the country.{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Luke |date=2018-11-05 |title=After rest, Macron faces rush of World War One memorials, diplomacy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1N90CX/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=Reuters}} The visits were the subject of anger from local voters over what the Financial Times described as his "perceived metropolitan disregard for their pocketbook concerns."{{Cite news |last=Agnew |first=Harriet |date=9 November 2018 |title=Memorial tour turns into PR setback for Emmanuel Macron |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a386762c-e37e-11e8-8e70-5e22a430c1ad |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=Financial Times}}

On 10 November 2018, invited international guests to the Arc de Triomphe ceremony, including German chancellor Angela Merkel, began arriving in Paris. Around 10,000 police officers, gendarmes and soldiers were placed on duty in the lead up to the events.{{Cite news |date=8 November 2018 |title=11 novembre : 72 chefs d'Etat à Paris, 10.000 forces de l'ordre mobilisées, crainte de débordements place de la République |trans-title=November 11: 72 heads of state in Paris, 10,000 law enforcement officers mobilized, fear of excesses at the Place de la République |language=fr |publisher=LCI |url=https://www.lci.fr/police/11-novembre-72-chefs-d-etat-a-paris-10-000-forces-de-l-ordre-mobilisees-crainte-de-debordements-place-de-la-republique-2103938.html |access-date=15 February 2021}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=11-Novembre. Grand-messe internationale pour la paix à Paris |trans-title=11 November: International peace mass in Paris |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/fetes/11-novembre/ceremonie-du-11-novembre-grand-messe-internationale-pour-la-paix-paris-6062080 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250317120943/https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/fetes/11-novembre/ceremonie-du-11-novembre-grand-messe-internationale-pour-la-paix-paris-6062080 |archive-date=2025-03-17 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=Ouest-France |language=fr-FR |agency=Agence France-Presse}} Merkel visited the Glade of the Armistice at Compiègne alongside Macron, where they laid a wreath, unveiled a plaque dedicated to Franco-German reconciliation and signed a book of remembrance in a replica of the railway carriage where the armistice was signed. The visit was symbolic as it marked the first time that French and German leaders had visited the site since 1945.{{Cite news |title=Armistice Day: Macron and Merkel mark end of World War One |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46165903 |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=BBC News}}{{Cite news |publisher=Deutsche Welle |title=WWI centenary: Merkel and Macron visit WWI memorial |url=https://www.dw.com/en/wwi-centenary-merkel-and-macron-visit-wwi-memorial/a-46239248 |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=30 March 2021}} An official reception dinner for invited guests took place in the evening at the Musée d'Orsay.{{Cite news |last=Vely |first=Yannick |date=10 November 2018 |title=Emmanuel et Brigitte Macron accueillent le monde au Musée d'Orsay |trans-title=Emmanuel and Brigitte Macron welcome the world to the Musée d'Orsay |url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Emmanuel-et-Brigitte-Macron-accueillent-le-monde-au-Musee-d-Orsay-1587147 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=Paris Match |language=fr |agency=Agence France-Presse}}

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Beginning from 09:00 (CET), Macron received guests for the international ceremony at the Élysée Palace before they departed in unison.{{Cite news |last=Penicaud |first=Céline |date=2018-11-11 |title=Commémorations du centenaire de l'armistice: les temps forts |trans-title=Commemorations of the Armistice centenary: the highlights |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/commemorations-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-les-temps-forts_AV-201811110056.html |access-date=2023-08-28 |publisher=BFMTV |language=fr |agency=Agence France-Presse}} At 11:00, bells across France (including at Notre-Dame de Paris and at churches in overseas France) rang simultaneously, marking the moment the armistice took effect a century earlier.{{Cite news |last=Douet |first=Eléanor |date=11 November 2018 |title=11-Novembre : pourquoi les cloches ont-elles sonné à 11 heures ce dimanche ? |url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/debats-societe/11-novembre-pourquoi-les-cloches-ont-elles-sonne-a-11-heures-ce-dimanche-7795526968 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=RTL.fr |language=fr}}{{Cite web |title=Commémoration du centenaire de l' Armistice du 11 novembre 2018 à Wallis. |url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Actualites/Commemoration-du-centenaire-de-l-Armistice-du-11-novembre-2018-a-Wallis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722111817/http://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr:80/Actualites/Commemoration-du-centenaire-de-l-Armistice-du-11-novembre-2018-a-Wallis |archive-date=22 July 2019 |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=Les services de l'État à Wallis et Futuna |language=fr}} The ceremony began at 11:19, following a presidential inspection of troops, a roll call of French soldiers killed in the preceding year and an army choir rendition of the French national anthem.{{Cite news |title=Macron denounces nationalism as a 'betrayal of patriotism' in rebuke to Trump at WWI remembrance |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/to-mark-end-of-world-war-i-frances-macron-denounces-nationalism-as-a-betrayal-of-patriotism/2018/11/11/aab65aa4-e1ec-11e8-ba30-a7ded04d8fac_story.html |last1=Nakamura |first1=David |last2=Kim |first2=Seung Min |last3=McAuley |first3=James |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=14 September 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{Cite news |last1=Leicester |first1=John |last2=Casert |first2=Raf |last3=Hinnant |first3=Lori |date=11 November 2018 |title=In remembering WWI, world warned of resurging 'old demons' |work=Associated Press News |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-ap-top-news-world-war-i-paris-international-news-5d0ab53b6d6e4feeae232ff45db83a97 |access-date=6 May 2021}}{{Cite news |title=What We've Learned — And What We Haven't — In The 100 Years Since WWI Ended |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/12/667118399/what-weve-learned-and-what-we-havent-in-the-100-years-since-wwi-ended |date=2018-11-12 |access-date=2021-10-12 |publisher=NPR}}{{Cite web |last=Nery |first=John |date=2018-11-13 |title=The old demons are back |url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/117436/the-old-demons-are-back |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=INQUIRER.net |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer |language=en}} The event included a performance by cellist Yo-Yo Ma, who played the sarabande from Bach's Suite No. 5 in C minor. A group of testimonies dating to 11 November 1918 were read out by a group of teenage students in between, after which Ma performed the second movement of Ravel's Sonata for Violin and Cello with French violinist Renaud Capuçon.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestrad.com/news/yo-yo-ma-and-renaud-capucon-mark-armistice-with-ravel/8350.article|title=Yo-Yo Ma and Renaud Capuçon mark Armistice with Ravel|date=12 November 2018|access-date=12 January 2024|website=The Strad}} Beninese musician Angélique Kidjo sang a variation of the song Blewu by Bella Bellow, paying tribute to colonial troops.{{Cite news |last=Toussay |first=Jade |date=2018-11-11 |title=Angélique Kidjo a ému les spectateurs avec la chanson "Blewu" lors des commémorations |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/le-bon-lien/article/angelique-kidjo-a-emu-les-spectateurs-avec-la-chanson-blewu-sous-l-arc-de-triomphe_134490.html |access-date=2024-01-12 |work=Le HuffPost |language=fr}}{{Cite news |last=Marlowe |first=Lara |date=2018-11-11 |title=Unity and disorder emanate from Armistice commemoration in Paris |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/unity-and-disorder-emanate-from-armistice-commemoration-in-paris-1.3694290 |access-date=2022-10-04}} Macron delivered a keynote speech in which he denounced nationalism as a "betrayal of patriotism", and warned of the resurgence of "old demons".{{Cite news |publisher=Deutsche Welle |title=World leaders gather to mark 100 years since WWI armistice |url=https://www.dw.com/en/world-leaders-gather-to-mark-100-years-since-wwi-armistice/a-46247777 |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=15 February 2021}} The European Union Youth Orchestra followed with a performance of Ravel's Bolero.{{Cite web|url=https://www.euyo.eu/projects/past-projects/2018-projects/paris-armistice-day-100-years-anniversary-ceremony/|title=Paris Armistice Day 100 Years Anniversary Ceremony|access-date=15 February 2021|website=EUYO|publisher=European Union Youth Orchestra|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016124126/https://euyo.eu/projects/past-projects/2018-projects/paris-armistice-day-100-years-anniversary-ceremony/|archive-date=2021-10-16}} The end of the ceremony included a rekindling of the Tomb to the Unknown Soldier, where Macron also laid a wreath, culminating in the "Sonnerie aux morts" and a moment of silence, followed by the "Cessez-le-feu" bugle call.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=Photo officielle, minute de silence et irruption des Femen sur les Champs-Elysées : revivez les sept séquences fortes de ce 11-Novembre |trans-title=Official photo, minute of silence and irruption of Femen on the Champs-Elysées: relive the seven highlights of this 11 November |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/guerre-de-14-18/11-novembre/videos-photo-officielle-minute-de-silence-et-irruption-des-femen-sur-les-champs-elysees-revivez-les-sept-sequences-fortes-de-ce-11-novembre_3028913.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |work=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}} All international guests were invited immediately afterward to a luncheon at the Élysée Palace, with their consorts gathering at the Palace of Versailles.{{Cite news |last1=Lough |first1=Richard |last2=Baker |first2=Luke |date=12 November 2018 |title=In solemn Paris ceremony, Macron leads global WW1 Armistice commemorations |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ww1-century-paris-idUSKCN1NF0SE |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=Reuters}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/brigitte-macron-manteau-fashion-sous-la-pluie-aupres-d-emmanuel-et-trump_a312368/1 |title=Brigitte Macron : Manteau fashion sous la pluie auprès d'Emmanuel et Poutine |trans-title=Brigitte Macron: Fashion coat in the rain with Emmanuel and Putin |date=2018-11-11 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Purepeople |last=Spencer |first=Tom |language=fr}}

The inaugural Paris Peace Forum was opened at the Grande halle de la Villette in the afternoon, with Macron, Merkel and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres giving remarks at its plenary session. US president Donald Trump did not attend, instead visiting the Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial as the forum took place, where he made an address before returning to the United States.{{Cite news |last=Beswick |first=Emma |date=11 November 2018 |title=World leaders attend opening of Peace Forum in Paris |work=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/11/11/watch-live-macron-speaks-before-peace-forum-attended-by-world-leaders |access-date=1 April 2021}}

Also on 11 November, the European Broadcasting Union organised a concert at the Royal Opera of Versailles with performances by the Vienna Philharmonic, entitled the "Concert for Peace."{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=EBU Members unite to commemorate 100 years since end of First World War |url=https://www.ebu.ch/news/2018/10/ebu-members-unite-to-commemorate-100-years-since-end-of-first-world-war |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=European Broadcasting Union}} During a concert in La Force, Dordogne, violinist Pierre Hamel from the Colonne Orchestra performed using a metal violin assembled by soldiers in the trenches.{{Cite news |last=Ferry |first=Emeline |date=12 November 2018 |title=VIDÉO - Un concert à La Force, en Dordogne, avec un violon fabriqué pour les soldats dans les tranchées |trans-title=VIDEO - A concert in La Force, in Dordogne, with a violin made for soldiers in the trenches |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/video-un-concert-a-la-force-en-dordogne-avec-un-violon-fabrique-pour-les-soldats-dans-les-tranchees-1541974494 |access-date=26 April 2021 |work=France Bleu Périgord |publisher=France Bleu |location=La Force |language=fr}} A series of religious memorial services were organised for the day, including an international mass at Notre-Dame de Paris, conducted by Archbishop Michel Aupetit.{{Cite news |last=Patrignani |first=Adélaïde |date=2018-11-10 |title=La commémoration du centenaire de l'Armistice dans les diocèses de France |trans-title=Commemoration of the centenary of the Armistice in the dioceses of France |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/eglise/news/2018-11/commemoration-armistice-guerre-dioceses-france.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |work=Vatican News |language=fr}}

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| quote = Marshal Pétain, when he led France during the Second World War, was complicit in profound crimes which were recognized, and the responsibility of the French state was recognized. [...] I forgive nothing, but I erase nothing from our history.

| source = Emmanuel Macron{{Cite news |title=Macron crée la polémique en justifiant l'hommage à Pétain |trans-title=Macron creates controversy by justifying the tribute to Pétain |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/2018/11/07/25001-20181107ARTFIG00121-macron-petain-a-ete-un-grand-soldat-pendant-la-premiere-guerre-mondiale.php |last=Berdah |first=Arthur |date=7 November 2018 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=Le Figaro |language=fr}}

}}

In October 2018, it was reported that tributes to war marshals at the Hôtel des Invalides would include one to Philippe Pétain, who served in the Battle of Verdun and later headed Nazi-aligned Vichy France. This led to criticism from French Jews, the opposition and on social media.{{Cite news |date=8 November 2018 |title=Macron stokes anger with plan to honour Nazi collaborator Pétain |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181108-macron-stokes-anger-with-plan-honour-nazi-collaborator-petain-world-war-1-vichy |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=France 24}} In response, the office of the Élysée said it was not part of their official schedule and did not understand how Pétain "ended up" on the list.{{Cite news |last=De Sèze |first=Cécile |date=19 October 2018 |title=11 novembre 2018 : un hommage gênant à Pétain retiré du programme officiel |url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/11-novembre-2018-un-hommage-genant-a-petain-retire-du-programme-officiel-7795250978 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=RTL.fr |language=fr}} Macron himself described Pétain as a "great soldier", while remarking that he made "disastrous choices" during the Nazi occupation of France. The planned tribute was eventually withdrawn.

Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić was positioned away from the frontline seating areas in place of representatives of countries which were on the opposing side in the war or didn't even exist as separate states at the time.{{cite news |date=13 November 2018 |title=Figaro: Srbija nepravedno ponižena na komemoraciji u Parizu |trans-title=Figaro: Serbia humiliated at the Paris memorial |url=https://n1info.rs/vesti/a435638-figaro-srbija-nepravedno-ponizena-na-komemoraciji-u-parizu/ |publisher=N1 |language=sr}} Serbia fought on the Allied side during the war, with the Army winning a crucial victory on the Salonica front, and Serbia's success had a pivotal role in forcing both Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria out of the war. Serbia lost over a quarter of its pre-war population, most of whom were civilians, which makes it the country with the biggest losses in comparison to population numbers. In addition, the country has a long historical friendship with France. Therefore, this incident and the fact that the presidents of neighboring Croatia (which did not exist as a country at the time) and Kosovo (which Serbia does not recognize) sat on the same side as French president Emmanuel Macron led to anger from a large number of Serbs, who saw this as a great humiliation and a sign of disrespect for the Serbian victims of the war.{{cite news |last=Jkšić |first=Boško |date=11 November 2018 |title=Pariz više nije Grad svetlosti |trans-title=Paris is no longer the City of Lights |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/415519/Skandal-u-Parizu |newspaper=Politika |language=sr}} The handling of the incident was also criticized in the French media, with Jean-Christophe Buisson of Le Figaro commenting that Serbia was unjustly humiliated.{{cite news |last=Buisson |first=Jean-Christophe |date=14 November 2018 |title=Commémoration du 11 novembre : la Serbie injustement humiliée |trans-title=11 November memorial: Serbia unjustly humiliated |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/monde/2018/11/13/31002-20181113ARTFIG00340-commemoration-du-11-novembre-la-serbie-injustement-humiliee.php |newspaper=Le Figaro |language=fr}}{{cite web |date=13 November 2018 |title=Figaro: Srbija nepravedno ponižena na komemoraciji u Parizu |trans-title=Figaro: Serbia humiliated at the Paris memorial |url=http://rs.n1info.com/a435638/Vesti/Figaro-Srbija-nepravedno-ponizena-na-komemoraciji-u-Parizu.html |publisher=N1 |language=Serbian}}

A day later, the Monument of Gratitude to France in Belgrade's Kalemegdan Park was vandalized, with black X marks sprayed over the inscriptions on the monument. The vandalizing graffiti was later removed, and members of the city communal police patrolled the area for a few days.{{cite web |author=SRNA, FoNet |date=13 November 2018 |title=Očišćeni grafiti na Spomeniku zahvalnosti Francuskoj |trans-title=Graffiti on the Monument of Gratitude to France cleaned |url=http://rs.n1info.com/a435426/Vesti/Ocisceni-grafiti-na-Spomeniku-zahvalnosti-Francuskoj.html |publisher=N1 |language=Serbian}} In addition, there were calls to rename streets in Belgrade named after France and Paris.{{cite news |author=S.U.G. |date=13 November 2018 |title=Најлон око Споменика захвалности Француској |trans-title=Plastic wrapped around the Monument of Gratitude to France |newspaper=Politika |page=16 |language=Serbian}} The French ambassador to Serbia, Frédéric Mondoloni, later publicly apologized on television over the incident.{{cite web |author=Beta |date=12 November 2018 |title=Ambasador Francuske: Žalim zbog rasporeda sedenja, izvinite |trans-title=French ambassador: I regret the sitting schedule, I apologize |url=http://rs.n1info.com/a435146/Vesti/Ambasador-Francuske-o-rasporedu-sedenja.html |publisher=N1 |language=Serbian}}

A planned visit by Trump to the Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial, scheduled for 10 November, was cancelled due to what the White House described as "bad weather".{{Cite news |last=Colvin |first=Jill |date=11 November 2018 |title=Trump visit to US cemetery in France canceled due to rain |url=https://apnews.com/article/52462add34fd45ecb16319b564045d61 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=Associated Press News}} The decision was met with criticism, particularly from Ben Rhodes, a former national security advisor in the Obama administration; British Conservative politician Nicholas Soames, a grandson of Winston Churchill; and former secretary of state John Kerry.{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Luke |date=2018-11-10 |title=Trump cancels WW1 memorial at U.S. cemetery in France due to rain |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1NF0NU/ |accessdate=2024-01-13 |work=Reuters}}{{Cite news |last=Cook |first=Nancy |date=2018-11-11 |title=Trump's rain decision casts dark clouds over his Paris trip |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/11/trump-paris-cemetery-rain-982947 |access-date=2023-12-21 |work=Politico |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=2018-11-15 |title=John Kerry: US 'cannot afford truculent child president' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/15/john-kerry-trump-america-truculent-president |access-date=2024-06-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} According to a 2020 article by The Atlantic, Trump had refused to attend and also described the cemetery as being "filled with losers". After the article was published, he called it "fake news".{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Jeffrey |date=2020-09-03 |title=Trump: Americans Who Died in War Are 'Losers' and 'Suckers' |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/09/trump-americans-who-died-at-war-are-losers-and-suckers/615997/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}{{Cite news |last1=Lamothe |first1=Dan |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |date=2020-09-05 |title=Trump's alleged comments about 'losers' buried in military cemeteries leave military leaders off balance |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-atlantic-military-reaction/2020/09/04/b0fe0690-eec0-11ea-a21a-0fbbe90cfd8c_story.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}

Three Femen members staged a protest at the Arc de Triomphe on the morning of 10 November welcoming "war criminals", and were arrested by French police.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=11 Novembre : trois Femen perturbent le passage de la voiture de Trump |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/international/11-novembre-deux-femen-perturbent-le-passage-de-la-voiture-de-trump-11-11-2018-7939845.php |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=Le Parisien |language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-10 |title=Sous l'Arc de Triomphe, des Femen dénoncent les "criminels de guerre" |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/11-novembre-sous-l-arc-de-triomphe-des-femen-denoncent-les-criminels-de-guerre_2047595.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=L'Express |language=fr |agency=Agence France-Presse}} In a later statement, the feminist activist group listed Trump, Russian president Vladimir Putin, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as examples of this description, along with Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman, who was not invited.{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=Welcome War Criminals |url=https://femen.org/welcome-war-criminals/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |publisher=FEMEN}} Femen also claimed responsibility for an incident on the day of the ceremony in which the motorcade carrying Trump passed by a topless woman who ran towards it and was then dragged out by French police.{{Cite news |last=Farzan |first=Antonia Noori |date=12 November 2018 |title=Meet Femen, the 'naked shock troops of feminism' who greeted Trump with a topless protest in Paris |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2018/11/12/meet-femen-naked-shock-troops-feminism-who-greeted-trump-with-topless-protest-paris/ |access-date=31 March 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} Anti-Trump demonstrations were held at the Place de la République during his visit.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=1500 personnes réunies pour manifester contre Trump à Paris |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/1500-personnes-reunies-pour-manifester-contre-trump-a-paris_2047776.html |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=L'Express |language=fr |agency=Agence France-Presse}}

Over 120 foreign dignitaries attended the commemorations in Paris, including 72 heads of state and government and representatives of several international organisations.{{Cite web |title=Commemoration of the Armistice of 11 November 1918: more than 60 Heads of State and Government to meet in Paris |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/the-ministry-and-its-network/news/2018/article/commemoration-of-the-armistice-of-11-november-1918-more-than-60-heads-of-state |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=France Diplomacy}} The French presidential office said it had invited representatives only from countries "which sent troops or workers to the European theaters of war".{{Cite news |date=2018-10-18 |title=Over 60 World Leaders to Attend Paris WWI Commemorations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/over-60-world-leaders-to-attend-paris-wwi-commemorations/4618915.html |access-date=2023-08-28 |publisher=Voice of America |language=en |agency=Associated Press}}

On the eve of the centenary, Macron held a bilateral meeting with Trump at the Élysée Palace, which took place a day after Trump criticised European defence expenditures within NATO in response to Macron's suggestions for a continental European army.{{Cite news |last=Herman |first=Steve |date=2018-11-10 |title=Trump in Paris for Talks, WWI Centenary |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-meets-macron-after-caustic-tweet/4652772.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |publisher=Voice of America}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-10 |title=Trump-Macron smooth over defence spat |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46162052 |access-date=2023-10-10 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} A similar meeting was planned between Trump and Russian president Vladimir Putin, but it was ultimately scrapped due to the forthcoming G20 Buenos Aires summit.{{Cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=2018-11-05 |title=Trump to meet Putin and Erdoğan during first world war ceremonies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/05/trump-to-meet-putin-and-erdogan-during-first-world-war-ceremonies |access-date=2023-12-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=2018-10-23 |title=Trump says he 'probably' will meet Russian leader Putin in Paris in November |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/23/trump-could-meet-russias-putin-in-paris-in-november.html |access-date=2023-12-17 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Jackson |first=David |date=2018-11-11 |title=President Trump, Russia's Vladimir Putin decide not to 'interrupt' WWI commemoration, will meet at G20 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/11/donald-trump-vladimir-putin/1958675002/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |work=USA Today |language=en-US}} Justin Trudeau, the prime minister of Canada, participated in separate commemorations at the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in northern France.{{Cite news |last=McGregor |first=Janyce |date=2018-11-09 |title=Trudeau to mark centenary of First World War armistice at Vimy Ridge, Paris |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/friday-trudeau-france-advancer-1.4896858 |access-date=2023-12-17 |publisher=CBC News}} Due to security concerns, Trump, Putin and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu opted to use their own motorcades for the Arc de Triomphe ceremony, ultimately turning up late to the venue.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Netanyahu 'turned up late' for Armistice ceremony in Paris |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/netanyahu-turned-up-late-for-armistice-ceremony-in-paris-1.472328 |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=The Jewish Chronicle}}

• Emmanuel Macron, President of France, and Brigitte Macron
• Nicolas Sarkozy, former President of France (2007–2012)
• Édouard Philippe, Prime Minister of France
• Édith Cresson, former Prime Minister (1991–1992)
• Édouard Balladur, former Prime Minister (1993–1995)
• Jean-Marc Ayrault, former Prime Minister (2012–2014)
• Florence Parly, Minister of the Armed Forces
• Geneviève Darrieussecq, Secretary of State to the Minister of the Armed Forces
• Christophe Castaner, Minister of the Interior
• Jean-Yves Le Drian, Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs
• Gérard Larcher, President of the French Senate
• Richard Ferrand, President of the National Assembly
• Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris
• Valérie Pécresse, President of the Regional Council of Île-de-France
• Jacques Toubon, French ombudsman

Present at the Arc de Triomphe ceremony unless stated otherwise.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=1918/2018 - Teilnehmer der Pariser Gedenkfeier |trans-title=1918/2018 - Participants in the Paris commemoration ceremony |url=https://www.tt.com/artikel/15005204/1918-2018-teilnehmer-der-pariser-gedenkfeier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405125351/https://www.tt.com/artikel/15005204/1918-2018-teilnehmer-der-pariser-gedenkfeier |archive-date=2023-04-05 |access-date=15 February 2021 |publisher=Austria Press Agency |language=de |via=Tiroler Tageszeitung Online}}{{Cite tweet |number=1061558306760724480 |user=jnery_newsstand |title=Here's the list of heads of state or government or int'l organization attending the International Ceremony for the Centenary of the 1918 Armistice at the Arc de Triomphe #ArmisticeDay100 (list as of November 9) |first=John |last=Nery |date=2018-11-11 |access-date=2022-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607115457/https://twitter.com/jnery_newsstand/status/1061558306760724480 |archive-date=2022-06-07 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last=Bonnet |first=Dominique |date=12 November 2018 |title=Cinq monarques étaient à Paris pour les commémorations du 11-Novembre |trans-title=Five monarchs were in Paris for the commemorations of 11 November |url=https://www.parismatch.com/Royal-Blog/Monde/Cinq-monarques-etaient-a-Paris-pour-les-commemorations-du-11-Novembre-1587552 |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=Paris Match |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2018-11-11 |title=Předseda vlády se v Paříži zúčastnil mírových oslav a zdůraznil nutnost pomoci chudým zemím |trans-title=The Prime Minister took part in the peace celebrations in Paris and emphasized the need to help poor countries |url=http://www.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/aktualne/predseda-vlady-andrej-babis-se-v-parizi-zucastnil-mirovych-oslav-a-zduraznil-nutnost-pomoci-chudym-zemim-169747/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Vláda ČR |language=cs}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-10 |title=Centenaire de l'armistice de 1918 : Hariri assiste au dîner au musée d'Orsay |trans-title=Centenary of the Armistice of 1918: Hariri attends the dinner at the Musée d'Orsay |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1142989/centenaire-de-larmistice-de-1918-hariri-assiste-au-diner-au-musee-dorsay.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |work=L'Orient-Le Jour |language=fr}}

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• {{flagdeco|Australia}} Sir Peter Cosgrove, Governor-General of Australia, and Lynne, Lady Cosgrove
• {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} Elmar Mammadyarov, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan{{Cite news |last=Seidova |first=Kyamalya |date=2018-11-09 |title=Азербайджан примет участие в Парижском форуме мира |trans-title=Azerbaijan will take part in the Paris Peace Forum |url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/2977711.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116045301/https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/2977711.html |archive-date=2018-11-16 |access-date=2022-09-22 |language=ru |agency=Trend News Agency}}
• {{flagdeco|Bangladesh}} Tarique Ahmed Siddique, security adviser to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh
• {{flagdeco|Belarus}} Mikhail Myasnikovich, Speaker of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of Belarus{{Cite news |date=2018-11-08 |title=Михаил Мясникович посетит с рабочим визитом Францию |trans-title=Mikhail Myasnikovich will pay a working visit to France |url=https://zviazda.by/ru/news/20181108/1541684322-mihail-myasnikovich-posetit-s-rabochim-vizitom-franciyu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922021022/https://zviazda.by/ru/news/20181108/1541684322-mihail-myasnikovich-posetit-s-rabochim-vizitom-franciyu |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work=Zvyazda |language=ru |agency=Belarusian Telegraph Agency}}
• {{flagdeco|Benin}} Aurélien Agbénonci, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Benin{{Cite news |last=Dan |first=Rastel |date=2018-11-14 |title=Relations Bénin-Russie: Aurélien Agbénonci fait de fructueux échanges avec Vladimir Poutine |trans-title=Benin-Russia relations: Aurélien Agbénonci makes fruitful exchanges with Vladimir Putin |url=http://news.acotonou.com/h/113573.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706010336/http://news.acotonou.com/h/113573.html |archive-date=2022-07-06 |access-date=2022-10-14 |work=aCotonou |language=fr}}
• {{flagdeco|Brazil}} Paulo César de Oliveira Campos, Brazilian Ambassador to France{{Cite news |last=Menna Barreto |first=Marcelo |date=2018-11-11 |title=Governo Temer ignora centenário da 1ª Guerra |trans-title=Temer government ignores the centenary of the First World War |url=https://www.extraclasse.org.br/geral/2018/11/fim-da-1a-guerra-completa-100-anos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813024743/https://www.extraclasse.org.br/geral/2018/11/fim-da-1a-guerra-completa-100-anos/ |archive-date=2020-08-13 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work={{ill|Extra Classe|pt}} |language=pt-br}}
• {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} Chea Sophara, Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia
• {{flagdeco|China}} Ji Bingxuan, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Senior Chinese legislator attends Paris Peace Forum |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/12/c_137600769.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112060449/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/12/c_137600769.htm |archive-date=12 November 2018 |access-date=15 February 2021 |agency=Xinhua News Agency}}
• {{flagdeco|Fiji}} Epeli Nailatikau, former President of Fiji{{Cite news |last=Reece |first=Lena |date=15 November 2018 |title=Former Fiji President joins world leaders at 100yr anniversary of the end of WWI |url=https://fijivillage.com/news/Former-Fiji-President-joins-world-leaders-at-100yr-anniversary-of-the-end-of-WWI-2rk9s5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115050334/https://fijivillage.com/news/Former-Fiji-President-joins-world-leaders-at-100yr-anniversary-of-the-end-of-WWI-2rk9s5 |archive-date=15 November 2018 |access-date=15 February 2021 |publisher=Fijivillage}}
• {{flagdeco|Gabon}} {{ill|Régis Immongault|wikidata|Q53535963}}, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Gabon{{Efn|The President of Gabon, Ali Bongo, was unable to attend as initially planned after suffering a stroke.{{Cite news |last=Bensimon |first=Cyril |date=2018-11-06 |title=Gabon : victime d'un AVC, Ali Bongo demeure hospitalisé en Arabie saoudite |language=fr |trans-title=Gabon: Victim of a stroke, Ali Bongo remains hospitalized in Saudi Arabia |work=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/11/06/victime-d-un-avc-ali-bongo-demeure-hospitalise-en-arabie-saoudite_5379712_3212.html |access-date=2023-08-28}}}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-13 |title=Centenaire de l'armistice de 1918 : Régis Immongault représente le Gabon |trans-title=Centenary of the 1918 Armistice: Régis Immongault represents Gabon |url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/gabon-politique/centenaire-de-larmistice-de-1918-regis-immongault-represente-le-gabon-18779 |access-date=2023-03-10 |work={{ill|L'Union (Gabon)|fr|L'Union (journal gabonais)|lt=L'Union}} |language=fr}}
• {{flagdeco|Holy See|2001}} Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State of the Holy See
• {{flagdeco|India}} Venkaiah Naidu, Vice-President of India, and Usha Naidu
• {{flagdeco|Japan}} Tarō Asō, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of Japan
• {{flagdeco|Kazakhstan}} {{ill|Jean Galiev|ru|Галиев, Жан Сержанович}}, Kazakhstani Ambassador to France{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
• {{flagdeco|Kyrgyzstan|1993}} Dastan Jumabekov, Speaker of the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan{{Cite news |last=Tuzov |first=Alexander |date=2018-11-14 |title=Джумабеков и Макрон: в дни 100–летия Первой мировой |trans-title=Dzhumabekov and Macron: on the 100th anniversary of the First World War |url=https://vecherka.kg/2018/11/14/panorama/4_print.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922211522/https://vecherka.kg/2018/11/14/panorama/4_print.html |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work=Vecherniy Bishkek |language=ru}}
• {{flagdeco|Laos}} Phankham Viphavanh, Vice-President of Laos
• {{flagdeco|Malta}} Carmelo Abela, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malta{{Cite news |last=Demicoli |first=Keith |date=2018-11-11 |title=WATCH: What Minister Abela said at the Paris Armistice Ceremony |url=https://tvmnews.mt/en/news/ara-xqal-il-watch-what-minister-abela-said-at-the-paris-armistice-ceremony-abela-fic-cerimonja-tal-mitt-sena-mill-armistizju-fparigi/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |work=Television Malta}}
• {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} Winston Peters, Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand, and Jan Trotman
• {{flagdeco|Pakistan}} Moin ul Haq, Pakistani Ambassador to France{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
• {{flagdeco|Poland}} Jacek Czaputowicz, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=99 państw świętuje zakończenie I wojny światowej |trans-title=99 countries celebrate the end of World War I |url=https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/zagranica/news-99-panstw-swietuje-zakonczenie-i-wojny-swiatowej,nId,2659305 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922021022/https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/zagranica/news-99-panstw-swietuje-zakonczenie-i-wojny-swiatowej,nId,2659305 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work=Interia |language=pl |quote=Na czele polskiej delegacji stał minister spraw zagranicznych Jacek Czaputowicz. |trans-quote=The Polish delegation was headed by Minister of Foreign Affairs Jacek Czaputowicz.}}
• {{flagdeco|South Africa}} Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, Minister of Defence of South Africa{{Cite web |date=9 November 2018 |title=SA attends WWI centenary commemorations |url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-attends-wwi-centenary-commemorations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109104008/https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-attends-wwi-centenary-commemorations |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=South African Government News Agency |language=en-ZA}}
• {{flagdeco|Tajikistan}} {{ill|Shukurjon Zuhurov|ru|Зухуров, Шукурджон Зухурович}}, Chairman of the Assembly of Representatives of Tajikistan{{Cite news |last=Yuldashev |first=Avaz |date=2018-11-14 |title=Шукурджон Зухуров в Париже отметил 100-летие окончания Первой мировой войны |trans-title=Shukurjon Zuhurov in Paris celebrated the 100th anniversary of the end of the First World War in Paris |url=https://asiaplustj.info/tg/news/tajikistan/power/20181112/ishtiroki-aiati-toikiston-dar-chorabinioi-yodbudii-angi-yakumi-aon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922211536/https://asiaplustj.info/tg/news/tajikistan/power/20181112/ishtiroki-aiati-toikiston-dar-chorabinioi-yodbudii-angi-yakumi-aon |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work=Asia-Plus |language=ru}}
• {{flagdeco|Turkmenistan}} Çary Nyýazow, Turkmenistani Ambassador to France{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
• {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} The Lord Llewellyn of Steep, British Ambassador to France{{Cite news |last=Rowland |first=Oliver |date=2018-11-12 |title=Was UK represented at Paris Armistice event? |url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/Was-UK-represented-at-Paris-Armistice-event |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803210642/https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/Was-UK-represented-at-Paris-Armistice-event |archive-date=2022-08-03 |access-date=2021-02-16 |work=The Connexion}}
• {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} David Lidington, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister for the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom{{Cite news |last=Addley |first=Esther |date=11 November 2018 |title=People gather around world to mark armistice centenary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/armistice-day-people-gather-around-world-mark-centenary |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}
• {{flagdeco|Uzbekistan}} Nigmatilla Yuldashev, Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan{{Cite news |date=2018-11-08 |title=Ўзбекистон делегацияси Парижда Биринчи жаҳон уруши якунланганининг 100 йиллиги муносабати билан ўтадиган маросимларда иштирок этади |trans-title=The delegation of Uzbekistan will participate in the ceremonies held in Paris in connection with the 100th anniversary of the end of the First World War |url=https://daryo.uz/k/2018/11/08/o%25ca%25bbzbekiston-delegatsiyasi-parijda-birinchi-jahon-urushi-yakunlanganining-100-yilligi-munosabati-bilan-o%25ca%25bbtadigan-marosimlarda-ishtirok-etadi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926042146/https://daryo.uz/k/2018/11/08/o%25ca%25bbzbekiston-delegatsiyasi-parijda-birinchi-jahon-urushi-yakunlanganining-100-yilligi-munosabati-bilan-o%25ca%25bbtadigan-marosimlarda-ishtirok-etadi/ |archive-date=2022-09-26 |access-date=2022-09-22 |work={{ill|Daryo.uz|uz}} |language=uz}}
• {{flagdeco|Vietnam}} Nguyên Thiêp, Vietnamese Ambassador to France{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

{{Div col end}}

• Moussa Faki, Chairperson of the African Union Commission
• Thorbjørn Jagland, Secretary General of the Council of Europe
• Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission
• Antonio Tajani, President of the European Parliament
• Michaëlle Jean, Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
• Guy Ryder, Director-General of the International Labour Organization
• Christine Lagarde, chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund
• Jens Stoltenberg, Secretary General of NATO
• José Ángel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD
• Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO
• Paolo Artini, Representative to France of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
• António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations
• María Fernanda Espinosa, President of the United Nations General Assembly
• Roberto Azevêdo, Director-General of the World Trade Organization
• Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group

{{Multiple image

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| caption1 = The National Service of Remembrance for Wales at the Welsh National War Memorial

| image2 = Armistice Day Service, Sheffield city centre 2018 - geograph.org.uk - 5972051.jpg

| caption2 = Members of the public during a service in Sheffield

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Beginning on 5 November 2018, 10,000 torches were lit in the moat of the Tower of London, in an artistic exhibition entitled Beyond the Deepening Shadow which would repeat nightly until 11 November.{{Cite news |last=Heal |first=Alexandra |date=5 November 2018 |title=Tower of London lights up in stunning Armistice memorial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/tower-of-london-lights-up-in-stunning-armistice-memorial |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}} The Shrouds of the Somme, designed by artist Rob Heard and comprising 72,396 shrouded figures representing all servicemen from the British Commonwealth with no known grave, was laid out at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, being on display from 8 to 18 November 2018.{{Cite news |date=7 November 2018 |title=Shrouds of the Somme: Exhibit comes to Olympic Park |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-46125068 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=BBC News}}{{Cite news |date=9 November 2018 |title=World War One: Theresa May pays respects in France and Belgium |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46145199 |access-date=31 March 2021 |work=BBC News}}

On 9 November 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May visited the Thiepval Memorial in northern France and the St Symphorien Military Cemetery in Belgium, laying wreaths at the graves of John Parr and George Edwin Ellison, respectively the first and last British soldiers killed during the war. The wreaths were engraved with handwritten messages from May, invoking wartime poems to express gratitude to the dead for being "staunch to the end".

On 10 November 2018, Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family attended the annual Royal British Legion Festival of Remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall in London, which included performances by Sir Tom Jones and Sheridan Smith.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46165002 |title=Armistice Day: Queen attends Festival of Remembrance |work=BBC News |date=2018-11-10 |access-date=2024-02-27}}{{Cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Mark |date=11 November 2018 |title=UK Queen at remembrance concert |url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/11/11/uk-royal-family-attend-memorial-concert-for-armistice-day |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=Euronews}}

As Remembrance Sunday in 2018 fell on 11 November, the National Service of Remembrance was held concurrently with other commemorative events in Europe. The service at the Cenotaph in London began at 11 am (GMT), with a two-minute silence being observed, after which the Prince of Wales then laid the first wreath on behalf of the Queen.{{Cite news |last=Addley |first=Esther |date=11 November 2018 |title=People gather around world to mark armistice centenary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/armistice-day-people-gather-around-world-mark-centenary |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=Charles leads nation in tribute at London cenotaph – but Prince Philip absent |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/charles-leads-nation-in-tribute-at-london-cenotaph-but-prince-philip-absent-1-8700975 |access-date=2022-10-04 |work=The News Letter}} Thousands were able to pay respect to relatives and soldiers killed in the war during a march past the memorial.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Armistice Day: 10,000 march past Cenotaph in national thank you to the WWI fallen |url=https://news.sky.com/story/armistice-day-10-000-march-past-cenotaph-in-national-thank-you-to-the-wwi-fallen-11551549 |access-date=17 April 2021 |publisher=Sky News}} Despite ongoing renovations, the Big Ben rang eleven times at 12:30 GMT.{{Cite web |date=2018-11-08 |title=Big Ben to ring for Remembrance Sunday and Armistice Centenary |url=https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/commons/media-relations-group/news/big-ben-to-ring-for-remembrance-sunday-and-armistice-centenary/ |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=UK Parliament}}{{Cite news |last=Helm |first=Toby |date=12 August 2018 |title=Bells will ring out: world to mark end of first world war, 100 years on |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/12/armistice-day-first-world-war-wilfred-owen |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}} German president Frank-Walter Steinmeier was invited to attend as a special guest, becoming the first German representative to lay a wreath at the Cenotaph. The invitation was reportedly planned as early as September 2018.{{Cite news |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2018-09-24/ministers-consider-inviting-germanys-president-to-cenotaph-for-ww1-centenary |title=Ministers consider inviting Germany's president to Cenotaph for WW1 centenary |work=ITV News |date=2018-09-24 |accessdate=2024-01-13}} The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport described his presence as "a symbol of the friendship that exists between the two countries today". A memorial service was held in the evening at Westminster Abbey, which was attended by members of the royal family and Prime Minister Theresa May. During the service, Steinmeier read out a passage from 1 St John 4:7–11 in German.

Similar events were held across the United Kingdom's constituent countries and Crown Dependencies. In Scotland, Princess Anne attended a service at Glasgow Cathedral, while First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and other officials laid wreaths.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=Scotland falls silent in remembrance |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-46165431 |access-date=2022-10-05 |work=BBC News}}

File:Crowd at the 2018 Remembrance Day ceremony at the AWM.jpg prior to the Remembrance Day ceremony]]

Commemorations took place in Canada to mark Remembrance Day. The annual service at the National War Memorial was attended by Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan, representing the Government, and Governor General Julie Payette.{{Cite news |last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |date=2018-11-11 |title=Remembrance Day: Canadians mark 100 years since end of First World War |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/remembrance-day-canadians-mark-100-years-since-end-of-first-world-war-1.4172172 |access-date=2022-10-30 |work=CTV News}}https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/remembrance-day-canada-ceremonies-1.4901095

In Australia, a Remembrance Day service was held at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, alongside a national minute of silence in remembrance of Australian soldiers who fought and died in overseas conflicts. Prime Minister Scott Morrison addressed a crowd of more than 12,000 attending the ceremony. An extension of the Anzac Memorial in Sydney was opened to the public for the occasion.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Remembrance Day: Australians mark 100 years since end of World War I |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-11/remembrance-day-australians-mark-100-years-since-wwi-ends/10486020 |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=ABC News}}{{Cite news |last=Jervis-Bardy |first=Dan |date=11 November 2018 |title=Remembrance Day 2018: Canberra pauses to honour the sacrifice |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6000410/remembrance-day-2018-canberra-pauses-to-honour-the-sacrifice/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=The Canberra Times}} In addition, over a thousand people attended a commemoration at the Australian National Memorial in the French town of Villers-Bretonneux.

In New Zealand, a national service took place at the Pukeahu National War Memorial Park in Wellington, which was organised as part of the wider New Zealand WW100 commemorations. A 100-gun salute was held at the Wellington waterfront, and two minutes of silence were observed at 11 am (NZDT), followed by a cacophony of noise replicating how the public initially reacted to the news of the armistice a century prior. Governor-General Dame Patsy Reddy and Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern gave speeches at the event.{{Cite news |last1=Hunt |first1=Tom |last2=Harris |first2=Dominic |last3=Bathgate |first3=Ben |date=11 November 2018 |title=Armistice Day silence broken with a cacophony of noise as NZ marks centenary |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/last-post-first-light/108512691/armistice-day-silence-broken-with-a-cacophony-of-noise-as-nz-marks-centenary |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=Stuff}}{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Services mark 100 years since end of WWI |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/375644/services-mark-100-years-since-end-of-wwi |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=RNZ}}{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Watch: Jacinda Ardern speaks of 'peace, multilateralism and inclusion' during Armistice Day speech |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/watch-jacinda-ardern-speaks-peace-multilateralism-and-inclusion-during-armistice-day-speech |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=1News |publisher=TVNZ |ref={{sfnRef|"Watch: Jacinda Ardern speaks of 'peace, multilateralism and inclusion' during Armistice Day speech". 1 News}}}}

Memorial services were held across South Africa, including a ceremony at the Union Buildings in Pretoria and the annual National Civic Remembrance Service in Johannesburg.{{Cite news |last=Malobola |first=Bomkazi |date=2018-11-12 |title=South Africans commemorate centenary of WWI Armistice |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/south-africans-commemorate-centenary-of-wwi-armistice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114103616/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/south-africans-commemorate-centenary-of-wwi-armistice/ |archive-date=2018-11-14 |access-date=2024-09-25 |publisher=SABC News}}

In India, a memorial service was held at the Delhi War Cemetery, where Indian and British delegates laid wreaths. Conservative MP Tom Tugendhat led the British delegation and was joined by Sir Dominic Asquith, British High Commissioner to India, and defence attaché Brigadier Mark Goldsack.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |last=Ray |first=Saptarshi |location=Delhi |title=India's sacrifice remembered in ceremony on armistice centenary |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/indias-sacrifice-remembered-in-ceremony-on-armistice-centenary-r5tdxbjwk |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=The Times}} In a series of tweets, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Indian troops and pledged to "further an atmosphere of harmony and brotherhood".{{Cite tweet |number=1061448325717622784 |user=narendramodi |title=Today, as we mark one hundred years since the end of the horrific First World War, we reiterate our commitment towards world peace and pledge to work to further an atmosphere of harmony and brotherhood so that the trail of death and destruction caused by wars does not occur. |last=Modi |first=Narendra |author-link=Narendra Modi |date=11 November 2018 }}{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=PM Modi pays tributes to Indian soldiers who fought in World War I |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-pays-tributes-to-indian-soldiers-who-fought-in-world-war-i/article25467806.ece |access-date=30 March 2021 |work=The Hindu |agency=Press Trust of India}}

In Ghana, a luncheon was organised by the British High Commission and the Ghanaian government on the occasion of Remembrance Day. On the same day, president Nana Akufo-Addo and a group of ex-servicemen observed a two-minute silence.{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=First World War: Ghana and UK To Mark 100th Anniversary |url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/first-world-war-ghana-and-uk-to-mark-100th-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=The Publisher Online |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |last=Kyei |first=Yaw |date=2018-11-12 |title=Ghana Observes Remembrance Day |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201811130678.html |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=Ghanaian Times |via=AllAfrica.com}} Earlier, Akufo-Addo participated in a wreath-laying ceremony on 2 November at the Christiansborg War Cemetery in Accra, along with Prince Charles, his wife Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Prince Edward, who were touring the country at the time.{{Cite news |title=Prince of Wales arrive for Ghana for five-day visit |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-46075502 |access-date=2024-04-12 |work=BBC News Pidgin |language=Nigerian Pidgin}}

Ceremonies in Kenya and Zambia were scheduled for 25 November 2018; German forces fighting in Northern Rhodesia only received news of the armistice on 14 November 1918, three days after it had already came into effect, and eventually surrendered later that month.{{sfn|Strachan|2001|p=641}}{{Cite news |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |date=2018-11-11 |title=This African country wants to be recognized as the place where World War I really ended |url=https://qz.com/africa/1459556/armistice-day-zambia-says-world-war-i-ended-on-nov-25/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=Quartz}} In Voi, the Commonwealth War Cemetery hosted a small ceremony, which was attended by British and German diplomats; a Kenyan army bugler played the Last Post during the ceremony, and wreaths were laid by a Kenyan general and some local and international visitors.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-25 |title=Where World War One finally ended |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329241 |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=BBC News}} The Zambian government sponsored a centenary event in the town of Mbala organised by the national tourism agency, saying that attraction to the region would unlock the "tourism and investment potential of Northern Province".{{Cite news |date=2018-06-14 |title=Mbala to host Centenary Celebrations to mark the end of the First World War |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2018/06/14/mbala-to-host-centenary-celebrations-to-mark-the-end-of-the-first-world-war/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |work=Lusaka Times}}

In addition to the locations listed below, memorial services also took place in Myanmar and Russia.

National commemorations were held in the capital of Brussels. In an address, King Philippe pledged to keep "the memory of those who sacrificed themselves for us and the values for which they fought", and to "engage together in building a world of peace." A dove and 11 pigeons were released during the memorial service.{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Thousands attend Armistice memorial events around Belgium |work=The Bulletin |url=https://www.thebulletin.be/thousands-attend-armistice-memorial-events-around-belgium |access-date=17 April 2021}} In Ypres, a series of tributes to Commonwealth veterans was attended by the minister-president of Flanders, Geert Bourgeois.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=A Bruxelles, Ypres, Mons, revivez les commémorations du 11 novembre en Belgique |trans-title=In Brussels, Yprs, Mons, relive the commemorations of 11 November in Belgium |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/a-bruxelles-ypres-mons-revivez-les-commemorations-du-11-novembre-en-belgique-10070166 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302093511/https://www.rtbf.be/article/a-bruxelles-ypres-mons-revivez-les-commemorations-du-11-novembre-en-belgique-10070166 |archive-date=2022-03-02 |access-date=2022-03-02 |publisher=RTBF |language=fr-BE}} The Last Post, traditionally performed nightly at the Menin Gate since 1928, was additionally played at 11 am (CET) to mark the centenary.

Celebrations were held in Mons marking the anniversary of Canadian troops taking over the city from the Germans.{{Cite news |last=Montpetit |first=Jonathan |title=In Mons, Belgians turn out to remember their Canadian liberators of 1918 |publisher=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/mons-armistice-commemoration-1.4901135 |access-date=17 April 2021 |date=11 November 2018}}{{Cite news |date=11 November 2018 |title=Mons, Belgium honours Canada 100 years after end of First World War |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mons-belgium-honours-canada-100-years-after-end-of-first-world-war-1.4172831 |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=CTV News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112052403/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mons-belgium-honours-canada-100-years-after-end-of-first-world-war-1.4172831 |archive-date=12 November 2018}} The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada led a recreated 1918 parade through the city.{{Cite news |last=Montgomery |first=Marc |date=7 November 2018 |title=Canadians to recreate Armistice parade in Mons, Belgium, 100 years later |url=https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2018/11/07/canadians-to-recreate-armistice-parade-in-mons-belgium-100-years-later/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=Radio Canada International |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107201403/http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2018/11/07/canadians-to-recreate-armistice-parade-in-mons-belgium-100-years-later/ |archive-date=7 November 2018}}

In Germany, public memorisation was muted, due to evoking the defeat of the German Empire and the chronology of events resulting from the aftermath of the war.{{Cite news |last=Rising |first=David |date=2018-11-04 |title=100-year anniversary of WWI's end barely a blip in Germany |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/100-year-anniversary-of-wwi-s-end-barely-a-blip-in-germany-1.4162677 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=CTV News |language=en-CA |agency=Associated Press}} Some private events were organised, including a religious service at the Berlin Cathedral, and an exhibition showcasing works by 31 international artists, each representing countries involved in WWI peace negotiations.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-08 |title=31 international artists interpret World War I |url=https://www.dw.com/en/31-artists-interpret-world-war-i-with-a-souvenir-from-the-front/a-46204675 |access-date=2023-10-06 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |language=en}}{{Efn|Twenty-nine signatory states of the Treaty of Versailles and Paris Peace Conference, as well as Russia and Ukraine.}}

The Hong Kong and China branch of the Royal British Legion and the Hong Kong Veterans Federation organised a public wreath-laying ceremony at the Cenotaph, which was attended by local dignitaries, international envoys, veterans, and representatives of religious groups and youth uniform teams. A two-minute silence was observed at 11 am (HKT).{{Cite web |last=曾雪雯 |date=2018-11-11 |title=【一戰停戰一世紀．圖輯】退伍軍人辦獻花活動 紀念碑靜默兩分鐘 |trans-title=(A century after the armistice of World War I. Photo Album) Veterans organize flower laying event and observe two minutes of silence at the monument |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/257722/%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80-%E5%9C%96%E8%BC%AF-%E9%80%80%E4%BC%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA%E8%BE%A6%E7%8D%BB%E8%8A%B1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95-%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91%E9%9D%9C%E9%BB%98%E5%85%A9%E5%88%86%E9%90%98 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920013025/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/257722/%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0%E5%81%9C%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80-%E5%9C%96%E8%BC%AF-%E9%80%80%E4%BC%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA%E8%BE%A6%E7%8D%BB%E8%8A%B1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95-%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91%E9%9D%9C%E9%BB%98%E5%85%A9%E5%88%86%E9%90%98 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=2024-09-26 |publisher={{nowrap|香港01}} |language=zh-HK}}

On 16 October 2018, the Hungarian National Bank released a series of commemorative collector coins, which included a silver variant with a face value of 10,000 HUF and a non-ferrous metal variant with a fifth (2,000 HUF) of the face value.{{Cite web |title=Collector coins to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice Ending World War I |url=https://www.mnb.hu/en/banknotes-and-coins/collector-and-commemorative-coins/2018/collector-coins-to-commemorate-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-armistice-ending-world-war-i |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Magyar Nemzeti Bank}}

A service was held at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin on 11 November. It was attended by president Michael D. Higgins, on the same day of his scheduled inauguration for a second term, along with representatives of at least 47 countries. The Last Post was played during the ceremony.{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Aoife |date=2018-11-11 |title=Michael D Higgins attends Armistice Day centenary commemorations |url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/politics/michael-d-higgins-attends-armistice-13573262 |access-date=2023-08-07 |work=Irish Mirror |language=en}}{{Cite news |last1=Lynott |first1=Laura |last2=Riegel |first2=Ralph |date=2018-11-11 |title=President Michael D Higgins honours 200,000 Irish soldiers who fought in WWI as he speaks of 'official amnesia' after conflict |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/president-michael-d-higgins-honours-200000-irish-soldiers-who-fought-in-wwi-as-he-speaks-of-official-amnesia-after-conflict/37515897.html |access-date=2024-01-14 |work=Irish Independent |language=en}}

On 4 November 2018, Italian president Sergio Mattarella and key political figures attended a National Unity and Armed Forces Day ceremony in Trieste marking the centenary of the armistice of Villa Giusti with Austria-Hungary. In a speech, Mattarella described the European Union as the "highest expression of a commitment to common good" to prevent future conflicts, and highlighted the history of antisemitism in the region.{{Cite news |date=2018-10-30 |title=4 Novembre: Mattarella a Trieste, mille militari in piazza |url=https://www.ansa.it/friuliveneziagiulia/notizie/2018/10/30/4-novembre-mattarella-a-trieste-mille-militari-in-piazza_0af737b8-fc14-4471-8cf4-42eed14ea52e.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Agenzia ANSA |language=it}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-05 |title=Italian president laments WWI's roots in aggressive nationalism as observances begin for Armistice Day's 100th anniversary |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-italy-world-war-anniversary-20181104-story.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}

A ceremony was held at the Gëlle Fra monument in the capital during the late afternoon of 11 November, in the presence of Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa, as well as prime minister Xavier Bettel, who also paid tribute to war casualties.{{Cite news |title=Cérémonie en présence du couple grand-ducal et du Premier ministre |trans-title=Ceremony in the presence of the Grand Ducal couple and the Prime Minister |work=RTL 5minutes |publisher=RTL |date=11 November 2018 |url=https://5minutes.rtl.lu/actu/luxembourg/a/1265787.html |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=fr}}

File:100 lecie odzyskania Niepodległości Polski.jpg addresses a crowd at a ceremony marking the centenary of Polish independence]]

The date of 11 November 2018 coincided with festivities marking the centenary of the foundation of the Second Polish Republic (celebrated as National Independence Day). Prominent politicians, including president Andrzej Duda and former prime minister Donald Tusk, attended ceremonies honouring Józef Piłsudski, the founding father of the Second Polish Republic.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=Poland Marks Centenary of Its National Rebirth at End of WWI |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/poland-marks-centenary-of-its-national-rebirth-at-end-of-wwi/4653673.html |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Voice of America |agency=Associated Press |language=en}} Many marched in the capital of Warsaw, with one led by Duda, prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and leader of the ruling Law and Justice party Jarosław Kaczyński.{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Christian |date=2018-11-11 |title=Poland's president addresses far right at independence march |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/poland-far-right-independence-centenary |access-date=2024-02-04 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |date=2018-11-11 |title=Polish far-right hold march on centenary |url=https://www.dw.com/en/poland-far-right-rallies-and-military-parade-coincide-on-independence-centenary/a-46247884 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en}} The annual Independence March, organised by nationalist and far-right groups and which coincided with the other marches of the day, was initially banned by Warsaw mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz; the ban was later overturned by a local court.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-08 |title=Court approves Warsaw 'independence march' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/poland-court-approves-far-right-independence-march-in-warsaw/a-46219225 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en}}

Army officers, ambassadors and other guests laid wreaths during a ceremony at a local war memorial.{{Cite news |date=2018-11-12 |title=The Latest: Leaders discuss Ukraine elections at Paris meet |url=https://apnews.com/article/5b05861cc19247ae9736d877641c44ea |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025144920/https://apnews.com/article/5b05861cc19247ae9736d877641c44ea |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-25 |work=Associated Press News |language=en |quote=Ambassadors, Romanian army officers and others laid wreaths at a war memorial as Romania marked the end of World War I a century ago.}}

On Veterans Day, the National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri hosted a ceremony in which participants and relatives of WWI veterans tolled a "bell of peace" and laid wreaths in memory of those killed in the war.{{Cite news |title='The world came to its senses': KC marks WWI armistice centennial, Veterans Day |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article221375020.html |last1=Ljungblad |first1=Tammy |last2=Cronkleton |first2=Robert A. |date=November 11, 2018 |access-date=March 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112034134/https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article221375020.html |archive-date=November 12, 2018 |url-status=live |newspaper=The Kansas City Star}} The Washington National Cathedral held a commemorative service, and a gathering took place at the District of Columbia War Memorial.{{Cite web |title=WWI Commemorative Service |url=https://cathedral.org/event/wwi-commemoration-2018-11-11/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811214903/https://cathedral.org/event/wwi-commemoration-2018-11-11/ |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |access-date=April 1, 2021 |publisher=Washington National Cathedral}}{{Cite news |last=Bahrampour |first=Tara |date=2018-11-12 |title=Nation's capital honors veterans 100 years after the end of World War I |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/nations-capital-honors-veterans-100-years-after-the-end-of-world-war-i/2018/11/11/6fc776c0-e5d5-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}

In remarks made during a weekly Angelus address, Pope Francis appealed for a rejection of a "culture of war", quoting Benedict XV, who served as pope during the majority of the First World War, and reflecting on the occasion of St. Martin's Day, which also fell on 11 November. The bells at St. Peter's Basilica were tolled in the afternoon in unison with other church bells across Europe.{{Cite news |last=Mares |first=Courtney |date=2018-11-11 |title=Pope Francis marks World War I centenary with message of peace |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39868/pope-francis-marks-world-war-i-centenary-with-message-of-peace |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025150544/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/39868/pope-francis-marks-world-war-i-centenary-with-message-of-peace |archive-date=2023-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-25 |url-status=live |language=en |agency=Catholic News Agency}}

• First World War centenary
• Centenary of the outbreak of World War I
• 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
• Armistice Day
• Remembrance Day
• Veterans Day
• Paris Peace Forum

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}

• {{cite book |last1=Salter |first1=Arthur |url=https://archive.org/details/alliedshippingco00saltuoft |title=Allied Shipping Control: An Experiment in International Administration |date=1921 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |access-date=27 February 2024}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Edmonds |first1=James Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl5oAAAAMAAJ |title=The Occupation of the Rhineland 1918–29 |last2=Bayliss |first2=Gwyn M. |publisher=HMSO |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-11-290454-0 |editor1-last=Bayliss |editor1-first=Gwyn M |series=History of the Great War |location=London |oclc=59076445 |author-link1=James Edward Edmonds |orig-year=1944}}
• {{Cite book |last=Strachan |first=H. |title=The First World War: To Arms |volume=I |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-926191-8}}

{{Refend}}

• S. Sumartojo, Experiencing 11 November 2018 – Commemoration and the First World War Centenary, Routledge, 2020. {{ISBN|1-350-15531-4}}.

{{Commons category|100th anniversary of the World War I Armistice|the 100th anniversary of the World War I Armistice}}

; Official websites and documents

• [https://www.awm.gov.au/about/our-work/projects/centenary-projects/armistice Centenary of Armistice] – Australian War Memorial
• [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/603396d68fa8f543294411a0/Armistice_web__1__V2.pdf A National Service of Thanksgiving to mark the Centenary of the Armistice] – Westminster Abbey, London

; Videos

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6adSgOKAXH0 Remembrance Day National Ceremony 2018] – Australian War Memorial (via YouTube)
• [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6x0sqa Cérémonie internationale du Centenaire de l'Armistice du 11 novembre 1918 à l'Arc de triomphe] – Présidence de la République (via Dailymotion)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rM9hndYDPyc Armistice Centenary National Ceremony] – WW100 New Zealand (via YouTube)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6q8C3YmL2U Armistice Ceremony at the National WWI Museum and Memorial] – National WWI Museum and Memorial (via YouTube)

; Others

• [https://apnews.com/article/europe-world-war-i-france-germany-paris-e7cdef37e1df4dcda624f3e2f1772afa AP Was There: Armistice brings World War I to an end] – Associated Press

{{World War I|collapsed}}

Category:2018 in Europe

Category:November 2018 in Europe

Category:November 2018 in the United States

Category:November 2018 in Oceania

Category:2018 in military history

Armistice

Category:Ceremonies in France

Category:Events in Paris