Ceuta (Congress of Deputies constituency)#1977 general election

{{Infobox constituency

| name = Ceuta

| type = Congress of Deputies
Electoral

| image = SpanishCongressDistricts(Ceuta).png

| image_size = 400px

| caption = Location of Ceuta within Spain.

| district_label = Province

| district = Cádiz (1977–1995)
None (1995–present)

| region_label = Autonomous community

| region = Andalusia (1977–1995)
None (1995–present)

| population = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg83,229 (2024){{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2024-25973 |title=Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024 |language=es |website=Boletín Oficial del Estado |access-date=23 December 2024}}

| electorate = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg63,310 (2023)

| towns = Ceuta

| year = 1977

| seats = 1

| members = {{Color box|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|border=darkgray}} PP (1)

}}

Ceuta is one of the 52 constituencies ({{langx|es|circunscripciones}}) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects one deputy using plurality voting. Its boundaries correspond to those of the autonomous city of Ceuta.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,{{harvp|Law 1/1977|1977|loc=trans. prov. 1}}. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 68}}. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141}}.

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. I, art. 2}}. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.{{harvp|RDL 20/1977|1977|loc=tit. I, art. 2}}.{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1077}} Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote ({{langx|es|Voto rogado}}),{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75}}.{{cite web |last=Reig Pellicer |first=Naiara |date=16 December 2015 |url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/politics/article/spanish-elections-begging-for-the-right-to-vote.html |title=Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote |website=cafebabel.co.uk |access-date=17 July 2017}} which was abolished in 2022.{{cite news |last=Araque Conde |first=Pilar |date=8 June 2022 |title=El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/congreso-acaba-voto-rogado-diez-anos-trabas-burocraticas-residentes-extranjero.html |language=es |newspaper=Público |location=Madrid |access-date=31 July 2022}} 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.{{harvp|RDL 20/1977|1977|loc=tit. II, ch. II, art. 19–20}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164}}. The use of the electoral method may result in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2017 |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |access-date=22 July 2017}}

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.{{harvp|RDL 20/1977|1977|loc=tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169}}.

Deputies

class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="3"| Deputies 1977–present

colspan="3"| {{hidden begin|title=Key to parties|contentstyle=font-size:95%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}}

{{legend|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|PSOE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{legend|{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}|UCD|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{legend|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|PP|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{legend|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|Vox|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! Legislature

! Election

! Distribution

Constituent

| 1977

{| style="width:1.5em; font-size:90%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"

style="font-weight:bold"

| style="background:{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}; width:100.00%; color:white;"| 1

| 1st

| 1979