Climate of Italy

File:La Maddalena - Il porto (02).JPG, Sardinia]]

The Italian climate is influenced by the large body of water of the Mediterranean Seas that surrounds Italy on every side except the north. These seas constitute a reservoir of heat and humidity for Italy. Within the southern temperate zone, they determine a Mediterranean climate with local differences due to the geomorphology of the territory, which tends to make its mitigating effects felt, especially in high pressure conditions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ideegreen.it/cosa-significa-clima-temperato-cosa-significa-clima-continentale-141457.html|title=Che cosa significa clima temperato e cosa significa clima continentale|access-date=8 March 2022|language=it}}

In addition to Mediterranean influences, the Italian climate is partly affected by the western currents, especially in the intermediate seasons, also by the dynamics in the Atlantic Ocean, with its cyclones that travel from west to east, driven by the zonal circulation and more generally by the reciprocal position, on a synoptic level, of the Azores anticyclone and the {{ill|African subtropical anticyclone|it|Anticiclone subtropicale africano}}.{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrometeo.com/previsioni-meteo/guida-pratica-previsioni/5817-anticiclone-delle-azzorre-e-africano-chiarimento-definitivo|title=Anticiclone delle Azzorre e Africano: chiarimento definitivo su una inutile diatriba.|access-date=8 March 2022|language=it}} The cold winter airs, are in part influenced by the mountain ranges of the Alps and the Apennines.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8sfj4QYUWUkC&dq=clima+italiano+correnti+fredde+mitigate+alpi+appennini&pg=PA42|title=Scienze della terra|isbn=9788848300216|access-date=8 March 2022|language=it|last1=Corazzon|first1=Paolo|last2=Ronchi|first2=Ausonio|year=1999}} The mitigating effect of the Mediterranean is added to this condition with a tendency to reinvigorate, due to the transfer of sensible heat and humidity, the weakened perturbations from the west or with the formation of {{ill|Mediterranean Low|it|Depressione mediterranea}} or Mediterranean cyclogenesis.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bisceglieapprodi.it/services/i-venti-in-italia/|title=I Venti in Italia – Bisceglie Approdi SpA|access-date=8 March 2022|language=it}}

File:Italy relief location map.jpg map of Italy]]

{{main|Geography of Italy}}

Italy is located in southern Europe and it is also considered a part of western Europe,{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/DGACM/RegionalGroups.shtml |title=UNITED NATIONS DGACM |website=www.un.org}} between latitudes 35° and 47° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E. To the north, Italy borders Switzerland, France, Austria and Slovenia and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula crossed by the Apennines and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia, in addition to many smaller islands. The sovereign states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy,{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521449/San-Marino |title=San Marino |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2012 |access-date=1 March 2011}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868 |title=Vatican country profile |date=2018 |work=BBC News|access-date=24 August 2018 |language=en-GB}} while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland.{{Cite web|title=Democracy in Figures|url=http://demo.istat.it/index_e.php|website=Italian National Institute of Statistics|access-date=28 May 2021|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126215040/http://demo.istat.it/index_e.php|url-status=dead}}

Italy is part of the Northern Hemisphere. The country's total area is {{convert|301230|km2|0|abbr=out}}, of which {{convert|294020|km2|0|abbr=on}} is land and {{convert|7210|km2|0|abbr=on}} is water.{{Cite web |url=https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/137001 |title=Principali dimensioni geostatistiche e grado di urbanizzazione del Paese |date=30 October 2014 |website=www.istat.it}} Including islands, Italy has a coastline of {{convert|7,900|km|abbr=on}} on the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea, Sea of Sardinia and Strait of Sicily, and borders shared with France ({{convert|488|km|0|abbr=on}}), Austria ({{convert|430|km|0|abbr=on}}), Slovenia ({{convert|232|km|0|abbr=on}}) and Switzerland ({{convert|740|km|0|abbr=on}}). San Marino ({{convert|39|km|0|abbr=on}}) and Vatican City ({{convert|3.2|km|1|abbr=on}}), both enclaves, account for the remainder.

Over 35% of the Italian territory is mountainous.{{cite book |last=Riganti |first=dir. da Alberto |title=Enciclopedia universale Garzanti. |year=1991 |publisher=Garzanti |location=Milano |isbn=88-11-50459-7 |edition=Nuova ed. aggiornata e ampliata.}} The Apennine Mountains form the peninsula's backbone, and the Alps form most of its northern boundary, where Italy's highest point is located on Mont Blanc summit (Monte Bianco) ({{convert|4,810|m|ft|disp=or|abbr=on}}). Other worldwide-known mountains in Italy include the Matterhorn (Monte Cervino), Monte Rosa, Gran Paradiso in the West Alps, and Bernina, Stelvio and Dolomites along the eastern side. The Po, Italy's longest river ({{convert|652|km|mi|disp=or|abbr=off}}), flows from the Alps on the western border with France and crosses the Po Valley on its way to the Adriatic Sea. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy, with {{convert|46,000|km2|abbr=on}}, and it represents over 70% of the total plain area in the country.

Conditions on the coast are different from those in the interior, particularly during winter months when the higher altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. The coastal regions have mild winters and warm and generally dry summers, although lowland valleys can be quite hot in summer. Average winter temperatures vary from {{convert|0|C|lk=on}} on the Alps to

{{convert|12|C}} in Sicily, so average summer temperatures range from {{convert|20|C}} to over {{convert|25|C}}. Winters can vary widely across the country with lingering cold, foggy and snowy periods in the north and milder, sunnier conditions in the south. Summers can be hot and humid across the country, particularly in the south while northern and central areas can experience occasional strong thunderstorms from spring to autumn.{{cite web |title=Climate Atlas of Italy |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/atlanteClimatico.php?ling=eng |publisher=Network of the Air Force Meteorological Service |access-date=30 September 2012|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114223307/http://clima.meteoam.it/atlanteClimatico.php?ling=eng |archive-date=14 November 2012}}

{{Multiple image

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| image1 = Autunno al lago pranda.jpg

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| caption1 = Lake Pranda in Tuscan–Emilian Apennines in October

| image2 = Val Venegia in inverno.jpg

| caption2 = Nature reserve Paneveggio in Trentino in March

}}

The east coast of the Italian peninsula is not as wet as the west coast, but is usually colder in the winter. The east coast north of Pescara is occasionally affected by the cold bora winds in winter and spring, but the wind is less strong here than around Trieste. During these frosty spells from E–NE cities like Rimini, Ancona, Pescara and the entire eastern hillside of the Apennines can be affected by true "blizzards". The town of Fabriano, located just around {{convert|300|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in elevation, can often see {{convert|50|-|60|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} of fresh snow fall in 24 hours during these episodes.

On the coast from Ravenna to Venice and Trieste, snow falls more rarely: during cold spells from the east, the cold wind can be harsh but with bright skies. During the snowfalls that affect Northern Italy, the Adriatic coast can see a milder Sirocco wind which makes snow turn to rain. The mild effects of this wind often disappear just a few kilometres inside the plain, and sometimes the coast from Venice to Jesolo sees snow while it is raining in Trieste and surroundings, the Po River mouths and Ravenna. Rarely, the city of Trieste has seen snow blizzards with north-eastern winds. In the colder winters, the Venice Lagoon may freeze, and in the coldest ones even enough to walk on the ice sheet (December 1788).{{cite web |url=http://www.libreriasolaris.com/Venicepast/veniceonice.html |title=Venice on ice |publisher=Libreriasolaris.com |access-date=20 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011008090844/http://www.libreriasolaris.com/Venicepast/veniceonice.html |archive-date=8 October 2001 }} Further south, snow may occur inland but it rarely happens at sea level, though snow at sea level has been recorded as far south as Sicily. Winters are generally milder in the coastal areas of the south, Sicily and Sardinia.

Summer is usually more stable, although the northern regions often have thunderstorms in the afternoon/night hours and some grey and rainy days. So, while south of Florence the summer is typically dry and sunny, in the north it tends to be more humid and cloudy. The humidity can make the northern plains particularly uncomfortable.

Spring and autumn weather can be very changeable, with sunny and warm weeks (sometimes with summer-like temperatures) suddenly broken off by cold spells or followed by rainy and cloudy weeks.

{{Multiple image

| align =

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| total_width = 440

| image1 = Eliofania.png

| alt1 =

| caption1 = Map of the average annual sunshine duration in Italy (in hours)

{{Legend|#3366cc|< 1,799 h}}

{{Legend|#00cc99|1,800-1,999 h}}

{{Legend|#00ff00|2,000-2,199 h}}

{{Legend|#ffff00|2,200-2,399 h}}

{{Legend|#ff9900|2,400-2,599 h}}

{{Legend|#cc3333|> 2,600 h}}

| image2 = AM nuvolosità media annua.PNG

| caption2 = Map of the average annual cloud cover in Italy (in okta)

{{Legend|#006ed6|< 2,750 okta}}

{{Legend|#4ea5d6|2,750 - 3,000 okta}}

{{Legend|#4edfd6|3,000 - 3,250 okta}}

{{Legend|#98ffd6|3,250 - 3,500 okta}}

{{Legend|#d6e7d6|3,500 - 3,750 okta}}

{{Legend|#ffffff|3,750 - 4,000 okta}}

{{Legend|#cecbce|4,000 - 4,250 okta}}

{{Legend|#989698|4,250 - 4,500 okta}}

{{Legend|#5d5c5d|> 4,500 okta}}

}}

Based on the maps on sunshine durationAtlante Geografico Metodico De Agostini, 2002, Novara, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, p. 85.M. Pinna, L'eliofania in Italia, Roma, 1985, (Memorie della Società Geografica Italiana, 39), pp. 23-58. and on global solar irradianceLavagnini A., Martorelli S., Coretti C. (1987). Radiazione solare in Italia. Mappe mensili della radiazione globale giornaliera. Roma, CNR, Ist. Fis. Atm. in Italy, the areas with the highest values are the coasts of Sardinia, the western and southern coastal strip of Sicily, the whole of Apulia south of Bari, and the coastal strips of the southern Tuscan Archipelago. All these areas have values of more than 2,600 hours of sunshine per year, with an average of more than seven hours per day.

On average, the northern and eastern coastal strip of Sicily, the innermost areas of Sardinia, the entire western peninsular coast to the south of Livorno, including the flat and hilly areas of the hinterland, the Ionian coast between Calabria and Basilicata, the inland areas of Lucania, the Adriatic coasts of Molise and the whole of northern Apulia, receive between 2,400 and 2,600 hours of sunshine per year (between 6.5 and seven hours per day).

Values between 2,200 and 2,400 hours of sunshine per year (between 6 and 6.5 hours per day) are recorded in the innermost areas of Sicily, in some sections of the Calabrian Ionian coast and in the corresponding inland areas, along the Adriatic coast of Abruzzo, in Liguria, Versilia, inland areas of northern and eastern Tuscany, in Umbria and in the hinterland of southern Lazio and Campania. All the other areas north of the imaginary oblique transversal line, drawn between the area immediately north of the city of Genoa and the border between Marche and Abruzzo, record annual average values that do not reach 2,200 hours, or less than six hours per day.

The highest annual average values in the network of pyranometric stations relating to global solar irradiance are higher than {{convert|18|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} and concern the southern and south-eastern extremities of Sicily. Average annual values between {{convert|16|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} and {{convert|18|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} are recorded over a large part of the Aosta Valley, on the western alpine extremity of Piedmont, on the island of Pianosa, on the coastal and sublittoral areas of the middle and southern Lazio, in the south-central Apulia, Calabria, Sardinia and most of Sicily (including the islands of Ustica, Pantelleria and Lampedusa).

Average annual values between {{convert|14|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} and {{convert|16|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} affect western Liguria, a large part of Tuscany and central-northern Lazio, a large part of the Marche, Abruzzo and Molise, Campania, Basilicata, northern Puglia and north-eastern Sardinia. Average annual values between {{convert|12|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} and {{convert|14|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} occur in central-eastern Piedmont, eastern Liguria, Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, most of Emilia-Romagna and on the Apennine ridge between Emilia, Tuscany, Umbria, Marche and Lazio. Average annual values of less than {{convert|12|MJ/m2|abbr=on}} are recorded in an area of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines which includes the highest peaks.

Cloud cover generally tends to reach the lowest average values in the month of July, while the highest average values, according to the different climatic zones, can affect several months between late autumn and the first part of spring, with the highest average values in most of the territory recorded in November.{{cite web|url=https://www.climieviaggi.it/clima/italia/roma|title=Climi e viaggi|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}

{{Multiple image

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| image1 = Punta San Vigilio.jpg

| alt1 =

| caption1 = Lake Garda in spring

| image2 = Fog - Novellara, Reggio Emilia, Italy - December 9, 2018 01.jpg

| caption2 = Fog in Po Valley is frequent during the winter time

}}

In the south, summer marks a distinct dry season, characteristic of Mediterranean climates. This includes cities such as Naples, Rome, Bari, and Palermo. In the north, precipitation is more evenly distributed during the year, although the summer is usually slightly wetter. Between November and March the Po valley is often covered by fog, especially in the central zone (Pavia, Piacenza, Cremona and Mantua), while the number of days with lows below {{convert|0|°C|°F}} is usually from 60 to 90 a year, with peaks of 100–110 days in the mainly rural zones.{{cite web|url=http://sbegotti.altervista.org/immagini/Album/Galaverna301205/Galaverna301205.html|author=Stefano Begotti|website=sbegotti.altervista.org|title=immagini/Album/Galaverna301205/Galaverna301205|access-date=3 May 2018}}

Snow is quite common between early December and early March in cities like Turin, Milan and Bologna, but sometimes it appears in late November or late March and even April. In the winter of 2005–2006, Milan received around {{convert|0.75|-|0.8|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|75|-|80|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} of fresh snow, Como around {{convert|1|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|100|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}, Brescia {{convert|0.5|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|50|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}, Trento {{convert|1.6|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|160|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}, Vicenza around {{convert|0.45|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|45|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}, Bologna around {{convert|0.3|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|30|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}, and Piacenza around {{convert|0.8|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|80|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} {{cite web |url=http://www.centrometeolombardo.com/vecchiosito/foto/nevicate/2006/brianzagrignagen06/brianzagrignagen06.htm |title=La grande nevicata di fine Gennaio 2006 in Brianza |access-date=22 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930161621/http://www.centrometeolombardo.com/vecchiosito/foto/nevicate/2006/brianzagrignagen06/brianzagrignagen06.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 }}.

Often, the largest snowfalls happen in February, sometime in January or March. In the Alps, snow falls more in autumn and spring over {{convert|1500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, because winter is usually marked by cold and dry periods; while the Apennines see many more snow falls during winter, but they are warmer and less wet in the other seasons.

Both mountain chains can see up to {{convert|5|-|10|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}} or {{convert|500|-|1000|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} of snow in a year at {{convert|2000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. On the highest peaks of the Alps, snow may fall even during mid summer, and glaciers are present.

File:Via Cassia - Masseria e cipressi.JPG landscape in Val d'Orcia during summer]]

Summer temperatures are often similar north to south. July temperatures are {{convert|22|-|24|C|F|1}} north of river Po, like in Milan or Venice, and south of river Po can reach {{convert|24|-|25|C|F|1}} like in Bologna, with fewer thunderstorms; on the coasts of Central and Southern Italy, and in the near plains, mean temperatures goes from 23 °C to {{convert|27|°C|°F|1}}. Generally, the hottest month is August in the south and July in the north; during these months the thermometer can reach {{convert|38|-|42|C|F|1}} in the south and {{convert|32|-|35|C|F|1}} in the north; Sometimes the country can be split as during winter, with rain and {{convert|20|-|22|C|F|1}} during the day in the north, and {{convert|30|-|40|C|F}} in the south; but, having a hot and dry summer does not mean that Southern Italy will not see rain from June to August. Thunderstorms, while much more common in the humid north, occasionally also occur in the south. High humidity may keep nighttime temperatures high in Italy's cities during the summer months.

The coldest month is January: the Po valley's mean temperature is between {{convert|-1|-|1|C|F|1}}, Venice {{convert|2|-|3|C|F|1}}, Trieste {{convert|6-7|°C|°F|1}}, Florence {{convert|5|-|6|C|F|1}}, Rome {{convert|7|-|8|C|F|1}}, Naples {{convert|9|°C|°F|1}}, and Cagliari {{convert|12|°C|°F|1}}. Winter morning lows can occasionally reach {{convert|-30|to|-20|C|F|1}} in the Alps, {{convert|-14|to|-8|C|F|1}} in the Po valley, {{convert|-7|°C|°F|1}} in Florence, {{convert|-4|°C|°F|1}} in Rome, {{convert|-2|°C|°F|1}} in Naples and {{convert|2|°C|°F|1}} in Palermo. In cities like Rome and Milan, strong heat islands can exist, so that inside the urban area, winters can be milder and summers more sultry.

On some winter mornings it can be just {{convert|-3|°C|°F|1}} in Milan's Piazza del Duomo while {{convert|-8|to|-9|C|F|1}} in the metropolitan outskirts, in Turin can be just {{convert|-5|°C|°F|1}} in the city centre and {{convert|-10|to|-12|C|F|1}} in the metropolitan outskirts.

{{further|Köppen climate classification}}

It is found in some areas of Sicily, Sardinia and the Pelagie Islands, for example in Lampedusa.{{cite web|url=https://www.meteogiornale.it/2023/03/in-evidenza/meteo-e-clima-italia-cambiamenti-sotto-lente-koppen-sardegna/|title=Meteo e clima d'Italia: i cambiamenti sotto la lente di Köppen. La Sardegna|access-date=18 July 2023|language=it}}{{cite web|url=https://www.meteogiornale.it/2023/03/in-evidenza/meteo-e-clima-ditalia-i-cambiamenti-sotto-la-lente-di-koppen-la-sicilia/|title=Meteo e clima d'Italia: i cambiamenti sotto la lente di Köppen. La Sicilia|access-date=18 July 2023|language=it}}

{{Weather box

|location = Lampedusa

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 15.1

|Feb high C = 14.5

|Mar high C = 15.3

|Apr high C = 16.8

|May high C = 19.5

|Jun high C = 23.1

|Jul high C = 26.0

|Aug high C = 26.9

|Sep high C = 25.6

|Oct high C = 23.5

|Nov high C = 20.2

|Dec high C = 16.8

|Jan mean C = 14.3

|Feb mean C = 13.7

|Mar mean C = 14.6

|Apr mean C = 16.1

|May mean C = 18.8

|Jun mean C = 22.4

|Jul mean C = 25.3

|Aug mean C = 26.2

|Sep mean C = 25.0

|Oct mean C = 22.8

|Nov mean C = 19.3

|Dec mean C = 16.0

|Jan low C = 13.6

|Feb low C = 12.9

|Mar low C = 13.9

|Apr low C = 15.4

|May low C = 18.1

|Jun low C = 21.6

|Jul low C = 24.6

|Aug low C = 25.6

|Sep low C = 24.3

|Oct low C = 22.0

|Nov low C = 18.4

|Dec low C = 15.2

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 36.0

|Feb rain mm = 32.0

|Mar rain mm = 28.0

|Apr rain mm = 7.0

|May rain mm = 7.0

|Jun rain mm = 3.0

|Jul rain mm = 1.0

|Aug rain mm = 4.0

|Sep rain mm = 17.0

|Oct rain mm = 51.0

|Nov rain mm = 48.0

|Dec rain mm = 36.0

| Jan rain days = 14

| Feb rain days = 10

| Mar rain days = 10

| Apr rain days = 7

| May rain days = 5

| Jun rain days = 1

| Jul rain days = 1

| Aug rain days = 2

| Sep rain days = 7

| Oct rain days = 11

| Nov rain days = 11

| Dec rain days = 15

| Jan snow cm = 0

| Feb snow cm = 0

| Mar snow cm = 0

| Apr snow cm = 0

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0

| Nov snow cm = 0

| Dec snow cm = 0

| Jan snow days =0

| Feb snow days =0

| Mar snow days =0

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0

| Jan humidity = 70

| Feb humidity = 71

| Mar humidity = 76

| Apr humidity = 79

| May humidity = 80

| Jun humidity = 81

| Jul humidity = 79

| Aug humidity = 79

| Sep humidity = 74

| Oct humidity = 74

| Nov humidity = 71

| Dec humidity = 69

|Jand sun = 6

|Febd sun = 7

|Mard sun = 9

|Aprd sun = 12

|Mayd sun = 12

|Jund sun = 12

|Juld sun = 12

|Augd sun = 12

|Sepd sun = 11

|Octd sun = 7

|Novd sun = 6

|Decd sun = 6

| Jan uv = 4

| Feb uv = 4

| Mar uv = 5

| Apr uv = 5

| May uv = 6

| Jun uv = 6

| Jul uv = 7

| Aug uv = 7

| Sep uv = 6

| Oct uv = 6

| Nov uv = 5

| Dec uv = 4

|source 1 = Quando visitare, Lampedusa,{{Cite web|url=https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/lampedusa-2304307/|title=Lampedusa|access-date=18 July 2023}} Climate-Data, Lampedusa{{Cite web|url=https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/sicily/lampedusa-114243/|title=Lampedusa|access-date=18 July 2023}}

|source 2 =

|date = November 2015}}

It is found in all the coastal areas, excluding the north-eastern area and the area of Liguria from Genoa to Savona, which have a Humid subtropical climate. The winter average varies from {{convert|6|°C|1}}, in the northern areas, to {{convert|11|–|14|C|F|1}} in the southern islands. During the summer, averages are near {{convert|23|°C|1}} in the north (Liguria) and sometimes reach {{convert|26|–|28|C|F|1}} in the south. Precipitation mostly occurs during the winter. Snowfalls are rare and usually very light in the north, and almost never happen in the south. Summers are dry and hot. Main cities: Cagliari, Palermo, Naples, Rome, Pescara.

{{Weather box

|location = Elmas-Cagliari (Elmas Airport), elevation: {{convert|5|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1981-2010 normals and extremes

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 14.4

|Feb high C = 15.0

|Mar high C = 17.1

|Apr high C = 19.5

|May high C = 23.8

|Jun high C = 28.2

|Jul high C = 31.4

|Aug high C = 31.7

|Sep high C = 27.9

|Oct high C = 23.7

|Nov high C = 18.8

|Dec high C = 15.5

|year high C = 22.3

|Jan mean C = 9.9

|Feb mean C = 10.2

|Mar mean C = 12.1

|Apr mean C = 14.5

|May mean C = 18.4

|Jun mean C = 22.5

|Jul mean C = 25.6

|Aug mean C = 25.9

|Sep mean C = 22.7

|Oct mean C = 18.9

|Nov mean C = 14.3

|Dec mean C = 11.1

|year mean C = 17.2

|Jan low C = 5.4

|Feb low C = 5.5

|Mar low C = 7.2

|Apr low C = 9.4

|May low C = 13.1

|Jun low C = 16.8

|Jul low C = 19.7

|Aug low C = 20.2

|Sep low C = 17.5

|Oct low C = 14.1

|Nov low C = 9.9

|Dec low C = 6.8

|year low C = 12.2

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 30.8

|Feb rain mm = 32.9

|Mar rain mm = 28.6

|Apr rain mm = 27.8

|May rain mm = 18.3

|Jun rain mm = 6.3

|Jul rain mm = 2.3

|Aug rain mm = 5.4

|Sep rain mm = 24.0

|Oct rain mm = 38.3

|Nov rain mm = 49.5

|Dec rain mm = 37.7

| Jan rain days = 5.5

| Feb rain days = 5.2

| Mar rain days = 4.7

| Apr rain days = 5.1

| May rain days = 3.6

| Jun rain days = 1.2

| Jul rain days = 0.6

| Aug rain days = 1.1

| Sep rain days = 3.7

| Oct rain days = 5.5

| Nov rain days = 7.8

| Dec rain days = 6.6

| Jan snow cm = 0

| Feb snow cm = 0

| Mar snow cm = 0

| Apr snow cm = 0

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0

| Nov snow cm = 0

| Dec snow cm = 0

| Jan snow days =0

| Feb snow days =0

| Mar snow days =0

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0

| Jan humidity =79

| Feb humidity =77

| Mar humidity =75

| Apr humidity =73

| May humidity =71

| Jun humidity =67

| Jul humidity =65

| Aug humidity =65

| Sep humidity =71

| Oct humidity =77

| Nov humidity =79

| Dec humidity =80

|Jand sun = 5.6

|Febd sun = 6.4

|Mard sun = 7.9

|Aprd sun = 9.6

|Mayd sun = 11.2

|Jund sun = 12.8

|Juld sun = 12.8

|Augd sun = 11.9

|Sepd sun = 9.8

|Octd sun = 7.8

|Novd sun = 6.3

|Decd sun = 5.6

| Jan uv = 3

| Feb uv = 3

| Mar uv = 4

| Apr uv = 4

| May uv = 5

| Jun uv = 6

| Jul uv = 7

| Aug uv = 6

| Sep uv = 6

| Oct uv = 5

| Nov uv = 4

| Dec uv = 3

|source 1 = Meteo Climat,{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p114.php|title= moyennes 1981/2010 }} Servizio Meteorologico{{cite web|url=http://clima.meteoam.it/RicercaDati.php|title= Climatologia - Ricerca Dati|publisher=Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare|access-date=28 May 2019}} and WeatherBase{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=6561&cityname=Cagliari,+Sardinia,+Italy&units=|title=Cagliari, Italy Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=28 May 2019}}

|source 2 = Weather Spark, Cagliari Elmas Airport,{{Cite web |url= https://it.weatherspark.com/y/148141/Condizioni-meteorologiche-medie-a-Cagliari-Elmas-Airport-Italia-tutto-l'anno|title=Condizioni climatiche e meteo medie tutto l'anno a Cagliari Elmas Airport|access-date=6 March 2022}} Climate-Data, Cagliari Elmas Airport,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/sardegna/cagliari-1188/|title=CLIMA CAGLIARI|access-date=6 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Cagliari{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/sardegna/cagliari-2306578/|title=Cagliari|access-date=7 March 2022}}

|date = November 2015}}

This climate is found inland and at medium and high elevations in southern Italy, around {{convert|1000|m|ft|0|sp=us}}. It is similar to the usual Mediterranean climate: the summers are dry and the winters wetter, but the temperatures are lower in both seasons – around {{convert|3|or|5|C|F|1}} in the winter, and between {{convert|17|and|21|C|F|1}} in the summer. Snowfalls are more common. Main cities and towns: Ariano Irpino, Potenza, San Giovanni in Fiore, Prizzi.

{{Weather box

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|location=Potenza

|Jan high C=6.9

|Feb high C=7.2

|Mar high C=9.7

|Apr high C=12.8

|May high C=18.1

|Jun high C=22.3

|Jul high C=25.7

|Aug high C=25.8

|Sep high C=21.7

|Oct high C=16.5

|Nov high C=11.0

|Dec high C=7.9

|Jan mean C=4.0

|Feb mean C=4.1

|Mar mean C=6.1

|Apr mean C=8.8

|May mean C=13.7

|Jun mean C=17.5

|Jul mean C=20.6

|Aug mean C=20.7

|Sep mean C=17.2

|Oct mean C=12.7

|Nov mean C=7.9

|Dec mean C=5.1

|Jan low C=1.2

|Feb low C=1.1

|Mar low C=2.5

|Apr low C=4.8

|May low C=9.2

|Jun low C=12.7

|Jul low C=15.4

|Aug low C=15.7

|Sep low C=12.7

|Oct low C=8.9

|Nov low C=4.7

|Dec low C=2.3

|humidity colour=

|Jan humidity=77

|Feb humidity=75

|Mar humidity=72

|Apr humidity=69

|May humidity=69

|Jun humidity=67

|Jul humidity=62

|Aug humidity=64

|Sep humidity=66

|Oct humidity=72

|Nov humidity=76

|Dec humidity=78

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 39.5

|Feb rain mm = 37.4

|Mar rain mm = 37.9

|Apr rain mm = 38.8

|May rain mm = 27.2

|Jun rain mm = 18.1

|Jul rain mm = 17.5

|Aug rain mm = 19.2

|Sep rain mm = 39.8

|Oct rain mm = 50.4

|Nov rain mm = 60.1

|Dec rain mm = 45.8

| Jan snow cm = 4.3

| Feb snow cm = 5.4

| Mar snow cm = 1.9

| Apr snow cm = 0.5

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0.03

| Nov snow cm = 1.0

| Dec snow cm = 3.8

| Jan rain days = 6.1

| Feb rain days = 5.4

| Mar rain days = 6.2

| Apr rain days = 6.9

| May rain days = 5.5

| Jun rain days = 3.7

| Jul rain days = 3.2

| Aug rain days = 3.6

| Sep rain days = 5.7

| Oct rain days = 6.8

| Nov rain days = 8.2

| Dec rain days = 7.1

| Jan snow days = 0.7

| Feb snow days = 1.0

| Mar snow days = 0.6

| Apr snow days = 0.2

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 0.3

| Dec snow days = 0.7

|Jand sun = 4.5

|Febd sun = 5.0

|Mard sun = 6.7

|Aprd sun = 8.4

|Mayd sun = 10.2

|Jund sun = 11.7

|Juld sun = 12.1

|Augd sun = 11.2

|Sepd sun = 8.6

|Octd sun = 6.8

|Novd sun = 5.5

|Decd sun = 4.6

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =3

| Mar uv =4

| Apr uv =4

| May uv =5

| Jun uv =5

| Jul uv =6

| Aug uv =6

| Sep uv =5

| Oct uv =3

| Nov uv =3

| Dec uv =2

|source 1= Servizio Meteorologico (1971–2000 data){{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/%28300%29Potenza.pdf |title=Potenza (PZ) 845 m. s.l.m. (a.s.l.) |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |access-date=10 September 2013}}

|source 2= Servizio Meteorologico (1961–1990 data on humidity),{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO300.txt |title=Stazione 300 Potenza, medie mensili periodo 61 - 90 |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |access-date=10 September 2013}} Weather Spark, Potenza,{{Cite web |url= https://it.weatherspark.com/y/78640/Condizioni-meteorologiche-medie-a-Potenza-Italia-tutto-l'anno|title=Condizioni climatiche e meteo medie tutto l'anno a Potenza|access-date=6 March 2022}} Climate-Data, Potenza,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/basilicata/potenza-1152/|title=CLIMA POTENZA|access-date=6 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Potenza{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/potenza-2305917/|title=Potenza|access-date=7 March 2022}}

}}

A relatively "continental" and "four-season" version of the humid subtropical climate can be found in the Po and Adige valleys in the North, and sometimes in low inland Central and Southern Italy. It is marked by hot and wet summers, while winters are moderately cold. The precipitation is higher and there is no dry season. Average temperatures are around 1 °C to 3 °C in January, and more than 22 °C in July and August. Main cities: Milan, Genoa, Venice, Verona, Turin, Trieste, Bologna.

{{Weather box

|location = Milan (Linate Airport), elevation: {{convert|107|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, normals 1971–2000, extremes 1946–present, sunshine 1991–2010

|metric first = y

|single line = y

|Jan high C = 5.9

|Feb high C = 9.0

|Mar high C = 14.3

|Apr high C = 17.4

|May high C = 22.3

|Jun high C = 26.2

|Jul high C = 29.2

|Aug high C = 28.5

|Sep high C = 24.4

|Oct high C = 17.8

|Nov high C = 10.7

|Dec high C = 6.4

|year high C = 17.7

|Jan mean C = 2.5

|Feb mean C = 4.7

|Mar mean C = 9.0

|Apr mean C = 12.2

|May mean C = 17.0

|Jun mean C = 20.8

|Jul mean C = 23.6

|Aug mean C = 23.0

|Sep mean C = 19.2

|Oct mean C = 13.4

|Nov mean C = 7.2

|Dec mean C = 3.3

|year mean C = 13.0

|Jan low C = -0.9

|Feb low C = 0.3

|Mar low C = 3.8

|Apr low C = 7.0

|May low C = 11.6

|Jun low C = 15.4

|Jul low C = 18.0

|Aug low C = 17.6

|Sep low C = 14.0

|Oct low C = 9.0

|Nov low C = 3.7

|Dec low C = 0.1

|year low C = 8.3

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 39.8

|Feb rain mm = 43.0

|Mar rain mm = 52.6

|Apr rain mm = 78.0

|May rain mm = 85.3

|Jun rain mm = 72.2

|Jul rain mm = 53.3

|Aug rain mm = 62.3

|Sep rain mm = 80.3

|Oct rain mm = 93.6

|Nov rain mm = 88.9

|Dec rain mm = 49.4

| Jan snow cm = 3.7

| Feb snow cm = 1.1

| Mar snow cm = 0.3

| Apr snow cm = 0.05

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0

| Nov snow cm = 0.3

| Dec snow cm = 2.7

| Jan rain days = 4.2

| Feb rain days = 4.2

| Mar rain days = 5.8

| Apr rain days = 9.2

| May rain days = 10.3

| Jun rain days = 9.2

| Jul rain days = 7.2

| Aug rain days = 7.6

| Sep rain days = 7.7

| Oct rain days = 8.2

| Nov rain days = 7.2

| Dec rain days = 5.1

| Jan snow days = 0.6

| Feb snow days = 0.3

| Mar snow days = 0.1

| Apr snow days = 0

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 0.1

| Dec snow days = 0.6

|Jan humidity = 86

|Feb humidity = 78

|Mar humidity = 71

|Apr humidity = 75

|May humidity = 72

|Jun humidity = 71

|Jul humidity = 71

|Aug humidity = 72

|Sep humidity = 74

|Oct humidity = 81

|Nov humidity = 85

|Dec humidity = 86

|year humidity = 77

|Jand sun = 5.2

|Febd sun = 6.2

|Mard sun = 7.8

|Aprd sun = 9.3

|Mayd sun = 11.2

|Jund sun = 12.4

|Juld sun = 12.4

|Augd sun = 11.1

|Sepd sun = 9.2

|Octd sun = 5.9

|Novd sun = 4.7

|Decd sun = 4.9

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =3

| Mar uv =3

| Apr uv =4

| May uv =4

| Jun uv =5

| Jul uv =6

| Aug uv =5

| Sep uv =5

| Oct uv =4

| Nov uv =3

| Dec uv =2

|source 1 = Servizio Meteorologico, Aeronautica Militare

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160614221107/http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(080)Milano%20Linate.pdf

| archive-date = June 14, 2016

| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(080)Milano%20Linate.pdf

| title = Milano/Linate (MI)

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico

| access-date = December 11, 2014}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160614221008/http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO080.txt

| archive-date = June 14, 2016

| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/web_clima_sysman/Clino6190/CLINO080.txt

| title = Stazione 080 Milano-Linate: Medie Mensili Periodo 1961–90

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico

| access-date = December 11, 2014}}{{cite web

| url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/milano-linate/

| title = Milano Linate: Record mensili dal 1946

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare

| language = it

| access-date = December 11, 2014}}

|source 2 = Weather Spark, Milano-Linate,{{Cite web |url= https://it.weatherspark.com/y/148148/Condizioni-meteorologiche-medie-a-Aeroporto-di-Milano-Linate-Italia-tutto-l'anno|title=Condizioni climatiche e meteo medie tutto l'anno a Aeroporto di Milano-Linate|access-date=6 March 2022}} Climate-Data, Milano-Linate,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/lombardia/milano-1094/|title=CLIMA MILANO|access-date=6 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Milano{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/milano-2311891/|title=Milano|access-date=7 March 2022}}

| date = September 2015

}}

Some parts of Italy have a climate which cannot be precisely defined as either Cfa or Csa, presenting elements from both. This zone can be found both in some lake and hill resorts of Northern Italy (usually with wetter summers) and in some area like inner Tuscany (usually with drier summers). Florence is a good example of this transition climate:

{{Weather box

|location = Florence

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 10.1

|Feb high C = 12.5

|Mar high C = 15.7

|Apr high C = 18.5

|May high C = 23.7

|Jun high C = 27.7

|Jul high C = 31.4

|Aug high C = 31.5

|Sep high C = 26.7

|Oct high C = 20.9

|Nov high C = 14..7

|Dec high C = 11.1

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 5.7

|Feb mean C = 7.5

|Mar mean C = 10.3

|Apr mean C = 13.0

|May mean C = 17.7

|Jun mean C = 21.4

|Jul mean C = 24.6

|Aug mean C = 24.6

|Sep mean C = 20.5

|Oct mean C = 15.5

|Nov mean C = 9.9

|Dec mean C = 6.8

|Jan low C = 1.4

|Feb low C = 2.5

|Mar low C = 4.9

|Apr low C = 7.5

|May low C = 11.6

|Jun low C = 15.0

|Jul low C = 17.7

|Aug low C = 17.7

|Sep low C = 14.4

|Oct low C = 10.1

|Nov low C = 5.1

|Dec low C = 2.6

|year low C =

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 39.8

|Feb rain mm = 43.7

|Mar rain mm = 43.2

|Apr rain mm = 50.0

|May rain mm = 44.5

|Jun rain mm = 38.4

|Jul rain mm = 24.9

|Aug rain mm = 33.6

|Sep rain mm = 60.7

|Oct rain mm = 77.8

|Nov rain mm = 80.1

|Dec rain mm = 52.8

| Jan rain days = 6.1

| Feb rain days = 5.8

| Mar rain days = 6.9

| Apr rain days = 8.4

| May rain days = 7.5

| Jun rain days = 5.8

| Jul rain days = 4.2

| Aug rain days = 4.8

| Sep rain days = 7.0

| Oct rain days = 8.9

| Nov rain days = 9.0

| Dec rain days = 7.3

| Jan snow cm = 0

| Feb snow cm = 0

| Mar snow cm = 0

| Apr snow cm = 0

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0

| Nov snow cm = 0

| Dec snow cm = 0

| Jan snow days =0

| Feb snow days =0

| Mar snow days =0

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0

|Jand sun = 4.5

|Febd sun = 5.3

|Mard sun = 6.8

|Aprd sun = 8.7

|Mayd sun = 10.5

|Jund sun = 12.0

|Juld sun = 12.3

|Augd sun = 11.3

|Sepd sun = 9.1

|Octd sun = 6.3

|Novd sun = 4.8

|Decd sun = 4.5

|Jan humidity = 76

|Feb humidity = 70

|Mar humidity = 66

|Apr humidity = 68

|May humidity = 68

|Jun humidity = 68

|Jul humidity = 65

|Aug humidity = 66

|Sep humidity = 69

|Oct humidity = 73

|Nov humidity = 76

|Dec humidity = 78

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =2

| Mar uv =3

| Apr uv =4

| May uv =5

| Jun uv =6

| Jul uv =6

| Aug uv =5

| Sep uv =5

| Oct uv =4

| Nov uv =2

| Dec uv =2

|source 1 = Servizio Meteorologico {{cite web

|url= http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(170)Firenze%20Peretola.pdf

|publisher =Servizio Meteorologico

|title= FIRENZE/PERETOLA

|access-date=13 October 2012}}

|source 2 = World Meteorological Organization (United Nations) {{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/176/c00602.htm |title= World Weather Information Service - Florence |access-date=2010-04-14}} Weather Atlas,{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/italy/florence-climate |title=Florence, Italy - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=26 January 2019 }} Weather Spark, Firenze,{{Cite web |url= https://it.weatherspark.com/y/69010/Condizioni-meteorologiche-medie-a-Firenze-Italia-tutto-l'anno|title=Condizioni climatiche e meteo medie tutto l'anno a Firenze|access-date=6 March 2022}} Il Meteo, Firenze,{{Cite web |url= https://www.ilmeteo.it/portale/medie-climatiche/Firenze|title=Clima Firenze - Medie climatiche|access-date=6 March 2022}} Climate-Data, Firenze,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/tuscany/firenze-1083/|title=CLIMA FIRENZE|access-date=6 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Firenze{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/firenze-2314415/|title=Firenze|access-date=7 March 2022}}

}}

It can be found in altitude in the Apennines and in the alpine foothills. Summers are between {{convert|17|and|21|C|F|1}} Main cities and towns: Aosta, Biella, Campobasso, L'Aquila, Cuneo, Sondrio, Amatrice, Belluno, Breno, Feltre.

{{Weather box

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|location= Stazione Meteo L'Aquila {{coord|42|22|N|13|21|E}}

|Jan high C= 6.4

|Feb high C= 8.5

|Mar high C= 12.3

|Apr high C= 16.3

|May high C= 20.9

|Jun high C= 25.3

|Jul high C= 29.0

|Aug high C= 29.1

|Sep high C= 24.7

|Oct high C= 18.4

|Nov high C= 12.2

|Dec high C= 7.4

|Jan mean C= 2.3

|Feb mean C= 3.8

|Mar mean C= 7.0

|Apr mean C= 10.7

|May mean C= 14.9

|Jun mean C= 18.7

|Jul mean C= 21.6

|Aug mean C= 21.6

|Sep mean C= 18.1

|Oct mean C= 12.8

|Nov mean C= 7.8

|Dec mean C= 3.7

|Jan low C= -1.8

|Feb low C= -1.0

|Mar low C= 1.7

|Apr low C= 5.0

|May low C= 8.8

|Jun low C= 12.2

|Jul low C= 14.2

|Aug low C= 14.1

|Sep low C= 11.4

|Oct low C= 7.2

|Nov low C= 3.3

|Dec low C= -0.1

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm= 66.1

|Feb rain mm= 64.5

|Mar rain mm= 51.2

|Apr rain mm= 56.6

|May rain mm= 51.0

|Jun rain mm= 46.1

|Jul rain mm= 34.7

|Aug rain mm= 37.7

|Sep rain mm= 52.8

|Oct rain mm= 66.3

|Nov rain mm= 91.3

|Dec rain mm= 83.7

|Jan snow cm= 27

|Feb snow cm= 19.8

|Mar snow cm= 7.2

|Apr snow cm= 0

|May snow cm= 0

|Jun snow cm= 0

|Jul snow cm= 0

|Aug snow cm= 0

|Sep snow cm= 0

|Oct snow cm= 0

|Nov snow cm= 0

|Dec snow cm= 13.8

|unit rain days=

|Jan rain days= 8

|Feb rain days= 8

|Mar rain days= 8

|Apr rain days= 9

|May rain days= 8

|Jun rain days= 6

|Jul rain days= 5

|Aug rain days= 5

|Sep rain days= 6

|Oct rain days= 8

|Nov rain days= 10

|Dec rain days= 10

|unit snow days=

|Jan snow days= 3

|Feb snow days= 2.2

|Mar snow days= 1

|Apr snow days= 0

|May snow days= 0

|Jun snow days= 0

|Jul snow days= 0

|Aug snow days= 0

|Sep snow days= 0

|Oct snow days= 0

|Nov snow days= 0

|Dec snow days= 1.6

|Jand sun = 4.3

|Febd sun = 4.8

|Mard sun = 5.8

|Aprd sun = 7.3

|Mayd sun = 8.7

|Jund sun = 10.8

|Juld sun = 11.5

|Augd sun = 10.8

|Sepd sun = 7.8

|Octd sun = 5.8

|Novd sun = 4.4

|Decd sun = 4.2

|Jan humidity = 82

|Feb humidity = 80

|Mar humidity = 78

|Apr humidity = 75

|May humidity = 74

|Jun humidity = 67

|Jul humidity = 61

|Aug humidity = 60

|Sep humidity = 71

|Oct humidity = 77

|Nov humidity = 83

|Dec humidity = 84

| Jan uv =1

| Feb uv =2

| Mar uv =3

| Apr uv =3

| May uv =4

| Jun uv =5

| Jul uv =5

| Aug uv =5

| Sep uv =4

| Oct uv =3

| Nov uv =2

| Dec uv =2

|source 1=,{{Cite web |url=http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/tempaq/MR/articoliMR/climalaquila.html |title=Il clima dell'Aquila |publisher=CETEMPS |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121022356/http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/tempaq/MR/articoliMR/climalaquila.html |archive-date=21 November 2011 }} Climate-Data, L'Aquila,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/abruzzo/l-aquila-1179/|title=CLIMA L'AQUILA|access-date=6 March 2022}} Quando visitare, L'Aquila{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/laquila-2307740/|title=L'Aquila|access-date=7 March 2022}}

|date=October 2011}}

It can be found mainly in the valleys of the Alps and to a lesser extent in the Apennines. Main cities and towns: Tarvisio, Bormio, Cortina d'Ampezzo.

{{Weather box

|location = Bormio, Italy

|metric first=yes

|single line = Y

|Jan high C = -8.3

|Feb high C = -6.5

|Mar high C = -2.4

|Apr high C = 1.4

|May high C = 5.8

|Jun high C = 11.4

|Jul high C = 13.7

|Aug high C = 13.6

|Sep high C = 9.6

|Oct high C = 5

|Nov high C = -2.2

|Dec high C = -7.3

|Jan low C = -16.6

|Feb low C = -15.6

|Mar low C = -11.5

|Apr low C = -6.7

|May low C = -2.4

|Jun low C = 2.1

|Jul low C = 4

|Aug low C = 4.1

|Sep low C = 0.4

|Oct low C = -3.6

|Nov low C = -10

|Dec low C = -15.3

| Jan mean C = -12.3

| Feb mean C = -11.1

| Mar mean C = -6.8

| Apr mean C = -2.5

| May mean C = 2

| Jun mean C = 7.2

| Jul mean C = 9.2

| Aug mean C = 9

| Sep mean C = 5

| Oct mean C = 0.7

| Nov mean C = -6

| Dec mean C = -11

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 59

|Feb rain mm = 54

|Mar rain mm = 63

|Apr rain mm = 86

|May rain mm = 104

|Jun rain mm = 114

|Jul rain mm = 107

|Aug rain mm = 103

|Sep rain mm = 85

|Oct rain mm = 100

|Nov rain mm = 120

|Dec rain mm = 71

| Jan snow cm = 19.1

| Feb snow cm = 24.2

| Mar snow cm = 23.4

| Apr snow cm = 17.3

| May snow cm = 4.9

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0.7

| Oct snow cm = 8.9

| Nov snow cm = 30.9

| Dec snow cm = 14.4

| Jan rain days = 8

| Feb rain days = 7

| Mar rain days = 8

| Apr rain days = 10

| May rain days = 13

| Jun rain days = 13

| Jul rain days = 13

| Aug rain days = 12

| Sep rain days = 9

| Oct rain days = 9

| Nov rain days = 10

| Dec rain days = 9

| Jan snow days = 15.2

| Feb snow days = 16.8

| Mar snow days = 14.6

| Apr snow days = 8.3

| May snow days = 3.6

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0.2

| Oct snow days = 4.1

| Nov snow days = 9.1

| Dec snow days = 11.6

|Jand sun = 4.3

|Febd sun = 4.9

|Mard sun = 6.0

|Aprd sun = 6.6

|Mayd sun = 7.0

|Jund sun = 8.7

|Juld sun = 8.9

|Augd sun = 7.7

|Sepd sun = 5.8

|Octd sun = 4.9

|Novd sun = 4.0

|Decd sun = 3.9

|Jan humidity = 71

|Feb humidity = 70

|Mar humidity = 70

|Apr humidity = 73

|May humidity = 78

|Jun humidity = 71

|Jul humidity = 68

|Aug humidity = 70

|Sep humidity = 74

|Oct humidity = 77

|Nov humidity = 77

|Dec humidity = 71

| Jan uv = 1

| Feb uv = 1

| Mar uv = 1

| Apr uv = 1

| May uv = 2

| Jun uv = 3

| Jul uv = 3

| Aug uv = 2

| Sep uv = 2

| Oct uv = 1

| Nov uv = 1

| Dec uv = 2

|source 1 = Weather Atlas, Bormio{{Cite web |url= https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/italy/bormio-climate|title=Monthly weather forecast and climate Bormio, Italy|access-date=27 March 2022}}

|source 2 = CLIMATE-DATA.ORG, Bormio,{{Cite web |url=https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/lombardia/bormio-111605/|title=CLIMA BORMIO|access-date=27 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Bormio{{Cite web |url=https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/bormio-2302613/|title=Bormio|access-date=27 March 2022}}

|date=April 2013

}}

This climate is found in the Alps, around {{convert|1200|m|ft|0|sp=us}} in the western side, or around {{convert|1000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in the eastern side. It is marked by low winter averages (between {{convert|-7|and|-3|C|F|1|disp=or}}) and mild summers, with temperatures averaging from {{convert|13|to|18|C|F|1}}. Snow is usual from early November until March or early April. Main towns: Brusson, Gressoney-Saint-Jean, Aprica, Vermiglio, Mazzin, Santo Stefano di Cadore, Asiago, Claut, Resia.

{{Weather box

|location = Asiago, Italy

|metric first=yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 2.0

|Feb high C = 3.0

|Mar high C = 7.0

|Apr high C = 10.0

|May high C = 15.0

|Jun high C = 19.0

|Jul high C = 21.0

|Aug high C = 21.0

|Sep high C = 17.0

|Oct high C = 12.0

|Nov high C = 6.0

|Dec high C = 3.0

|Jan low C = -4.0

|Feb low C = -3.0

|Mar low C = 0.0

|Apr low C = 3.0

|May low C = 7.0

|Jun low C = 11.0

|Jul low C = 14.0

|Aug low C = 13.0

|Sep low C = 10.0

|Oct low C = 6.0

|Nov low C = 1.0

|Dec low C = -3.0

| Jan mean C =-1.0

| Feb mean C =0.0

| Mar mean C =3.0

| Apr mean C =6.0

| May mean C =11.0

| Jun mean C =15.0

| Jul mean C =18.0

| Aug mean C =17.0

| Sep mean C =13.0

| Oct mean C =9.0

| Nov mean C =3.0

| Dec mean C =0.0

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 22.3

|Feb rain mm = 26.5

|Mar rain mm = 37.6

|Apr rain mm = 59.5

|May rain mm = 75.9

|Jun rain mm = 79.6

|Jul rain mm = 67.5

|Aug rain mm = 68.1

|Sep rain mm = 79.4

|Oct rain mm = 85.0

|Nov rain mm = 71.8

|Dec rain mm = 37.7

| Jan snow cm = 10.79

| Feb snow cm = 8.87

| Mar snow cm = 5.81

| Apr snow cm = 1.99

| May snow cm = 0.04

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0.35

| Nov snow cm = 3.32

| Dec snow cm = 7.80

| Jan rain days =2.2

| Feb rain days =2.4

| Mar rain days =4.2

| Apr rain days =8.0

| May rain days =10.2

| Jun rain days =10.6

| Jul rain days =9.9

| Aug rain days =9.5

| Sep rain days =7.8

| Oct rain days =7.6

| Nov rain days =6.0

| Dec rain days =3.5

| Jan snow days =1.1

| Feb snow days =1.1

| Mar snow days =1.0

| Apr snow days =0.5

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0.1

| Nov snow days =0.5

| Dec snow days =1.1

|Jand sun = 6.2

|Febd sun = 6.4

|Mard sun = 7.2

|Aprd sun = 7.5

|Mayd sun = 8.9

|Jund sun = 10.6

|Juld sun = 10.9

|Augd sun = 9.8

|Sepd sun = 7.4

|Octd sun = 5.5

|Novd sun = 5.1

|Decd sun = 5.8

|Jan humidity = 74

|Feb humidity = 73

|Mar humidity = 74

|Apr humidity = 76

|May humidity = 77

|Jun humidity = 76

|Jul humidity = 76

|Aug humidity = 77

|Sep humidity = 78

|Oct humidity = 82

|Nov humidity = 81

|Dec humidity = 75

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =2

| Mar uv =3

| Apr uv =3

| May uv =4

| Jun uv =5

| Jul uv =5

| Aug uv =4

| Sep uv =4

| Oct uv =3

| Nov uv =2

| Dec uv =2

|source 1 = Weather Spark, Asiago,{{Cite web |url= https://it.weatherspark.com/y/69594/Condizioni-meteorologiche-medie-a-Asiago-Italia-tutto-l'anno|title=Condizioni climatiche e meteo medie tutto l'anno a Asiago|access-date=19 February 2022}} Climate-Data, Asiago,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/veneto/asiago-13704/|title=CLIMA ASIAGO|access-date=7 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Asiago{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/asiago-2315071/|title=Asiago|access-date=7 March 2022}}

|date=April 2013

}}

It is found at lower altitudes on the slopes of Mount Etna, Sicily, for example in Linguaglossa.

{{Weather box

|location = Linguaglossa

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 0.2

|Feb high C = 1.7

|Mar high C = 2.9

|Apr high C = 7.4

|May high C = 11.1

|Jun high C = 15.2

|Jul high C = 16.9

|Aug high C = 16.6

|Sep high C = 11.8

|Oct high C = 8.9

|Nov high C = 4.6

|Dec high C = 3.1

|Jan mean C = -0.2

|Feb mean C = 1.2

|Mar mean C = 2.3

|Apr mean C = 6.9

|May mean C = 10.5

|Jun mean C = 14.6

|Jul mean C = 16.3

|Aug mean C = 16

|Sep mean C = 11.4

|Oct mean C = 8.5

|Nov mean C = 4.2

|Dec mean C = 2.7

|Jan low C = -0.6

|Feb low C = 0.8

|Mar low C = 1.7

|Apr low C = 6.4

|May low C = 9.9

|Jun low C = 14.1

|Jul low C = 15.8

|Aug low C = 15.4

|Sep low C = 10.9

|Oct low C = 8.1

|Nov low C = 3.9

|Dec low C = 2.2

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 136

|Feb rain mm = 105

|Mar rain mm = 91

|Apr rain mm = 74

|May rain mm = 39

|Jun rain mm = 26

|Jul rain mm = 13

|Aug rain mm = 24

|Sep rain mm = 111

|Oct rain mm = 153

|Nov rain mm = 142

|Dec rain mm = 125

| Jan rain days = 10

| Feb rain days = 9

| Mar rain days = 8

| Apr rain days = 8

| May rain days = 5

| Jun rain days = 3

| Jul rain days = 2

| Aug rain days = 3

| Sep rain days = 9

| Oct rain days = 10

| Nov rain days = 11

| Dec rain days = 10

| Jan snow cm = 21

| Feb snow cm = 18

| Mar snow cm = 19

| Apr snow cm = 1

| May snow cm = 0

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 0

| Nov snow cm = 4

| Dec snow cm = 5

| Jan snow days = 2.6

| Feb snow days = 2.2

| Mar snow days = 2.2

| Apr snow days = 0.1

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0.2

| Nov snow days = 1

| Dec snow days = 1.5

| Jan humidity = 82

| Feb humidity = 80

| Mar humidity = 76

| Apr humidity = 74

| May humidity = 69

| Jun humidity = 62

| Jul humidity = 58

| Aug humidity = 60

| Sep humidity = 73

| Oct humidity = 79

| Nov humidity = 82

| Dec humidity = 82

|Jand sun = 6.6

|Febd sun = 7.2

|Mard sun = 8.5

|Aprd sun = 9.8

|Mayd sun = 11.5

|Jund sun = 12.6

|Juld sun = 12.6

|Augd sun = 11.8

|Sepd sun = 9.5

|Octd sun = 7.9

|Novd sun = 6.7

|Decd sun = 6.4

| Jan uv = 4

| Feb uv = 3

| Mar uv = 4

| Apr uv = 4

| May uv = 5

| Jun uv = 6

| Jul uv = 7

| Aug uv = 6

| Sep uv = 6

| Oct uv = 5

| Nov uv = 4

| Dec uv = 3

|source 1 = Snow-Forecast, Linguaglossa,{{Cite web|url=https://www.snow-forecast.com/resorts/Mount-Etna-Linguaglossa/history|title=Mount Etna Linguaglossa|access-date=27 December 2023}}The data refer to the average altitude and in the last week of the month. Climate-Data, Linguaglossa,{{Cite web|url=https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/sicily/linguaglossa-13837/|title=Linguaglossa|access-date=27 December 2023}} Quando visitare, Linguaglossa{{Cite web|url=https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/sicilia/linguaglossa-2313512/|title=Linguaglossa|access-date=27 December 2023}}

|source 2 =

|date = November 2015}}

It is found at higher altitudes on the slopes of Mount Etna, Sicily, for example in Nicolosi.

{{Weather box

|location = Nicolosi

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = -0.7

|Feb high C = -1.2

|Mar high C = 0.2

|Apr high C = 2.9

|May high C = 6.3

|Jun high C = 9.0

|Jul high C = 13.8

|Aug high C = 15.2

|Sep high C = 12.4

|Oct high C = 8.4

|Nov high C = 5.5

|Dec high C = 0.9

|Jan mean C = -1.2

|Feb mean C = -1.8

|Mar mean C = -0.3

|Apr mean C = 2.3

|May mean C = 5.6

|Jun mean C = 8.4

|Jul mean C = 13.1

|Aug mean C = 14.4

|Sep mean C = 11.7

|Oct mean C = 7.9

|Nov mean C = 5.1

|Dec mean C = 0.5

|Jan low C = -1.8

|Feb low C = -2.3

|Mar low C = -0.8

|Apr low C = 1.6

|May low C = 4.9

|Jun low C = 7.7

|Jul low C = 12.5

|Aug low C = 13.7

|Sep low C = 11.1

|Oct low C = 7.4

|Nov low C = 4.8

|Dec low C = 0

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 83

|Feb rain mm = 63

|Mar rain mm = 55

|Apr rain mm = 48

|May rain mm = 30

|Jun rain mm = 21

|Jul rain mm = 8

|Aug rain mm = 17

|Sep rain mm = 56

|Oct rain mm = 67

|Nov rain mm = 70

|Dec rain mm = 68

| Jan rain days = 6

| Feb rain days = 5

| Mar rain days = 5

| Apr rain days = 5

| May rain days = 4

| Jun rain days = 2

| Jul rain days = 1

| Aug rain days = 2

| Sep rain days = 5

| Oct rain days = 6

| Nov rain days = 6

| Dec rain days = 6

| Jan snow cm = 63

| Feb snow cm = 84

| Mar snow cm = 75

| Apr snow cm = 15

| May snow cm = 2

| Jun snow cm = 0

| Jul snow cm = 0

| Aug snow cm = 0

| Sep snow cm = 0

| Oct snow cm = 3

| Nov snow cm = 12

| Dec snow cm = 40

| Jan snow days = 10

| Feb snow days = 11.9

| Mar snow days = 10.9

| Apr snow days = 4.6

| May snow days = 0.7

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 1.1

| Nov snow days = 3.9

| Dec snow days = 7.4

| Jan humidity = 80

| Feb humidity = 77

| Mar humidity = 73

| Apr humidity = 69

| May humidity = 63

| Jun humidity = 56

| Jul humidity = 51

| Aug humidity = 54

| Sep humidity = 68

| Oct humidity = 76

| Nov humidity = 80

| Dec humidity = 81

|Jand sun = 6.5

|Febd sun = 7.3

|Mard sun = 8.7

|Aprd sun = 10.0

|Mayd sun = 11.7

|Jund sun = 12.7

|Juld sun = 12.7

|Augd sun = 11.9

|Sepd sun = 9.7

|Octd sun = 8.0

|Novd sun = 6.8

|Decd sun = 6.4

| Jan uv = 3

| Feb uv = 3

| Mar uv = 4

| Apr uv = 5

| May uv = 5

| Jun uv = 7

| Jul uv = 7

| Aug uv = 7

| Sep uv = 5

| Oct uv = 4

| Nov uv = 4

| Dec uv = 3

|source 1 = Snow-Forecast, Nicolosi,{{Cite web|url=https://www.snow-forecast.com/resorts/Mount-Etna/history|title=Mount Etna Nicolosi|access-date=26 March 2022}}The data refer to the average altitude and in the first week of the month. Climate-Data, Nicolosi,{{Cite web|url=https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/sicily/nicolosi-114292/|title=Nicolosi|access-date=26 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Nicolosi{{Cite web|url=https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/sicilia/nicolosi-2300855/|title=Nicolosi|access-date=24 March 2022}}

|source 2 =

|date = November 2015}}

In the alpine valley around {{convert|1600|-|1800|m|ft|0|sp=us}}. The winters are very cold, averages between {{convert|-12|and|-5|C|F|1}}, and summers are cool, usually around {{convert|12|°C|1}}. Main towns and villages in this area: Livigno, Chamois, Misurina, Predoi, Rhêmes-Notre-Dame.

{{Weather box

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|location = Livigno (2009–2017)

|Jan high C= -5.9

|Feb high C= -5.0

|Mar high C= -1.8

|Apr high C= 1.6

|May high C= 6.6

|Jun high C= 12.0

|Jul high C= 14.8

|Aug high C= 14.8

|Sep high C= 9.8

|Oct high C= 4.4

|Nov high C= -1.0

|Dec high C= -4.9

|year high C= 3.8

| Jan mean C = -10.0

| Feb mean C = -9.6

| Mar mean C = -5.7

| Apr mean C = -1.3

| May mean C = 3.7

| Jun mean C = 8.9

| Jul mean C = 11.3

| Aug mean C = 11.1

| Sep mean C = 6.2

| Oct mean C = 0.8

| Nov mean C = -4.3

| Dec mean C = -8.5

| year mean C = 0.2

|Jan low C= -14.1

|Feb low C= -14.1

|Mar low C= -9.6

|Apr low C= -4.1

|May low C= 0.9

|Jun low C= 5.9

|Jul low C= 7.8

|Aug low C= 7.3

|Sep low C= 2.6

|Oct low C= -2.8

|Nov low C= -7.6

|Dec low C= -12.2

|year low C= -3.3

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 106.7

|Feb rain mm = 122.7

|Mar rain mm = 133.9

|Apr rain mm = 205.1

|May rain mm = 247.8

|Jun rain mm = 270.6

|Jul rain mm = 274.5

|Aug rain mm = 128.9

|Sep rain mm = 178.4

|Oct rain mm = 125.0

|Nov rain mm = 171.1

|Dec rain mm = 121.0

|year rain mm = 2085.7

|Jan rain days = 4.1

|Feb rain days = 4.1

|Mar rain days = 6.0

|Apr rain days = 10.2

|May rain days = 19.0

|Jun rain days = 24.9

|Jul rain days = 26.8

|Aug rain days = 25.7

|Sep rain days = 17.0

|Oct rain days = 10.7

|Nov rain days = 4.6

|Dec rain days = 3.8

|year rain days = 156.8

|Jan snow cm = 85.8

|Feb snow cm = 99.6

|Mar snow cm = 106.7

|Apr snow cm = 140.6

|May snow cm = 102.0

|Jun snow cm = 47.6

|Jul snow cm = 9.3

|Aug snow cm = 10.7

|Sep snow cm = 49.2

|Oct snow cm = 68.4

|Nov snow cm = 128.0

|Dec snow cm = 95.5

|year snow cm = 943.6

|Jan snow days = 18.4

|Feb snow days = 20.3

|Mar snow days = 22.0

|Apr snow days = 22.4

|May snow days = 17.4

|Jun snow days = 8.1

|Jul snow days = 2.3

|Aug snow days = 2.7

|Sep snow days = 8.0

|Oct snow days = 12.8

|Nov snow days = 16.2

|Dec snow days = 17.1

|year snow days = 167.9

| Jan humidity = 94.8

| Feb humidity = 94.6

| Mar humidity = 97.0

| Apr humidity = 96.0

| May humidity = 90.0

| Jun humidity = 83.8

| Jul humidity = 82.0

| Aug humidity = 82.6

| Sep humidity = 85.1

| Oct humidity = 87.2

| Nov humidity = 91.1

| Dec humidity = 90.7

| year humidity = 89.6

|Jand sun = 4.3

|Febd sun = 4.9

|Mard sun = 6.0

|Aprd sun = 6.6

|Mayd sun = 7.0

|Jund sun = 8.7

|Juld sun = 8.9

|Augd sun = 7.7

|Sepd sun = 5.8

|Octd sun = 4.9

|Novd sun = 4.0

|Decd sun = 3.9

| Jan uv =1

| Feb uv =1

| Mar uv =1

| Apr uv =1

| May uv =2

| Jun uv =3

| Jul uv =3

| Aug uv =2

| Sep uv =2

| Oct uv =1

| Nov uv =1

| Dec uv =2

|source 1= World Weather Online,{{Cite web |url= https://www.worldweatheronline.com/livigno-weather-averages/trentino-alto-adige/it.aspx|title= Livigno, Italy Weather Averages|publisher= World Weather Online|access-date=11 April 2017 }} Climate-Data, Livigno,{{Cite web |url= https://it.climate-data.org/europa/italia/lombardia/livigno-111597/|title=CLIMA LIVIGNO|access-date=7 March 2022}} Quando visitare, Livigno{{Cite web |url= https://www.quandovisitare.it/italia/livigno-2311529/|title=Livigno|access-date=7 March 2022}}

}}

Above the tree line in the Alps. All the months with average below {{convert|10|°C}}.

Villages with this climate: Cervinia, Trepalle.{{Weather box

| location = Trepalle

| metric first = 1

| single line = 1

| Jan high C = -8.4

| Feb high C = -6.6

| Mar high C = -2.5

| Apr high C = 1.3

| May high C = 5.5

| Jun high C = 11.1

| Jul high C = 13.5

| Aug high C = 13.4

| Sep high C = 9.4

| Oct high C = 5.0

| Nov high C = -2.1

| Dec high C = -7.2

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = -12.2

| Feb mean C = -10.9

| Mar mean C = -6.7

| Apr mean C = -2.4

| May mean C = 1.9

| Jun mean C = 6.9

| Jul mean C = 9.1

| Aug mean C = 8.9

| Sep mean C = 5.0

| Oct mean C = 0.8

| Nov mean C = -5.7

| Dec mean C = -10.8

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = -16.4

| Feb low C = -15.4

| Mar low C = -11.2

| Apr low C = -6.6

| May low C = -2.3

| Jun low C = 2.0

| Jul low C = 4.0

| Aug low C = 4.1

| Sep low C = 0.4

| Oct low C = -3.4

| Nov low C = -9.6

| Dec low C = -15

| year low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 59

| Feb precipitation mm = 54

| Mar precipitation mm = 63

| Apr precipitation mm = 86

| May precipitation mm = 104

| Jun precipitation mm = 114

| Jul precipitation mm = 107

| Aug precipitation mm = 103

| Sep precipitation mm = 85

| Oct precipitation mm = 100

| Nov precipitation mm = 120

| Dec precipitation mm = 71

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation days = 8

| Feb precipitation days = 7

| Mar precipitation days = 8

| Apr precipitation days = 10

| May precipitation days = 13

| Jun precipitation days = 13

| Jul precipitation days = 13

| Aug precipitation days = 12

| Sep precipitation days = 9

| Oct precipitation days = 9

| Nov precipitation days = 10

| Dec precipitation days = 9

| Jan humidity = 70

| Feb humidity = 71

| Mar humidity = 71

| Apr humidity = 74

| May humidity = 79

| Jun humidity = 73

| Jul humidity = 71

| Aug humidity = 73

| Sep humidity = 75

| Oct humidity = 78

| Nov humidity = 78

| Dec humidity = 71

| year humidity =

| Jan sun = 129

| Feb sun = 147

| Mar sun = 180

| Apr sun = 198

| May sun = 210

| Jun sun = 261

| Jul sun = 267

| Aug sun = 231

| Sep sun = 174

| Oct sun = 147

| Nov sun = 120

| Dec sun = 117

| year sun =

| source 1 = [https://en.climate-data.org/europe/italy/lombardy/trepalle-472167/ climate-data.org]

}}

File:Veduta aerea di Siracusa e con l'Etna sullo sfondo (Foto di Angelo Bonomo).jpg, Sicily, where the highest temperature ever in Europe was recorded, {{convert|48.8|C|F|1}}]]

The record low temperature in Italy is {{convert|-49.6|°C|°F|1}}, recorded on 10 February 2013 in the Alps on the Pale di San Martino plateau, in Trentino-Alto Adige,{{cite web|url=https://www.travel365.it/citta-piu-fredde-italia.htm|title=Le Città più fredde d'Italia!|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} while near sea level is {{convert|-24.8|C|°F|1}}, recorded on 12 January 1985 at San Pietro Capofiume, frazione of Molinella, in Emilia-Romagna.{{cite web|url=https://www.ilmeteo.net/notizie/scienza/meteostoria-35-anni-fa-befana-gennaio-grande-gelo-neve.html|title=Meteostoria: 35 anni fa il gennaio del grande gelo e neve|date=6 January 2020|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} The lowest temperature record for an inhabited place is {{convert|-37.4|C|°F|1}}, recorded on 15 February 2012 in Rocca di Mezzo, Abruzzo, in the Apennines.{{cite web|url=https://initalia.virgilio.it/rocca-di-mezzo-borgo-piu-freddo-italia-56041|title=Rocca di Mezzo, il borgo più freddo d'Italia|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}}

The maximum snow depth was recorded in March 1951 in the Alps at the meteorological station of Lake D'Avino, in Piedmont, with a value of {{convert|1,125|cm|in|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.meteolivevco.it/la-neve-ossola/|title=La neve in Ossola|date=8 March 2016|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} The maximum snowfall in 24 hours is {{convert|181|cm|in|abbr=on}}, recorded in the Apennines in the village of Roccacaramanico, frazione of Sant'Eufemia a Maiella (Majella massif), Abruzzo, on 15 January 1951.{{cite web|url=https://www.meteolive.it/news/In-primo-piano/2/dossier-la-neve-sull-italia-le-nevicate-estreme-in-appennino-surclassano-quelle-alpine-/49549/|title=La NEVE sull'Italia: le nevicate estreme in Appennino surclassano quelle alpine!|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}}

The village of Musi, frazione of the municipality of Lusevera, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, with an annual average precipitation of {{convert|3,313|mm|in|abbr=on}} (with a record of {{convert|5,406|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 2014) is the wettest place in Italy.{{cite web|url=https://www.meteotrip.it/qual-e-il-posto-piu-piovoso-ditalia/#:~:text=Ma%20qual%20%C3%A8%20il%20posto,dal%20confine%20con%20la%20Slovenia.|title=Qual è il posto più piovoso d'Italia?|date=3 October 2020|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} The maximum rainfall in 24 hours was recorded in Bolzaneto, a quarter of Genoa, Liguria, on 10 September 1970 with a value of {{convert|948|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=https://news.meteogiornale.it/notiza/35-anni-dopo-la-grande-alluvione-dimenticata-genova-1970-il-racconto-di-giovanni-staiano-parte-iii/|title=35 anni dopo la "Grande Alluvione" dimenticata: Genova 1970.|date=11 October 2005|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} However, there are many daily rainfall records around Italy exceeding {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.meteogiornale.it/2021/10/meteo-notizia/meteo-news/meteo-regione/meteo-e-alluvione-si-rischia-di-battere-il-record-di-pioggia-storico/|title=3METEO: è stata un'ALLUVIONE sino a 900 millimetri di pioggia in 24 ore. Situazione stamattina|date=5 October 2021|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}}{{cite web|url=http://www.centrometeo.com/articoli-reportage-approfondimenti/climatologia/5053-friuli-venezia-giulia-piogge-intense-da-primato-europeo|title=Friuli Venezia Giulia: piogge intense da primato europeo|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}}

In the south, Sicily has experienced highs of {{convert|46|°C|°F|1}} in some hot summers.{{cite web|url=https://www.tempoitalia.it/2021/06/il-meteo/news/meteo-sicilia-sino-46c-temperature-atroci-record-in-varie-localita/#:~:text=La%20stazione%20meteo%20di%20Comiso,Caltagirone%20in%20provincia%20di%20Catania.|title=Meteo Sicilia sino 46°C. Temperature atroci, record in varie località|date=24 June 2021|access-date=7 March 2022|language=it}} On 25 June 2007 {{convert|47.0|°C|1}} were recorded in Foggia, Apulia, and on 10 August 1999, {{convert|48.5|°C|1}} were recorded in Catenanuova in Sicily.{{cite web |url=http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |title=BATTUTI I RECORD DI CALDO: Italia del Sud nella fornace africana, punte di +47 °C |publisher=Meteogiornale |date=25 June 2007 |access-date=8 May 2014 |language=it |archive-date=12 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224114/http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/ |title=Il record italiano di caldo: +48.5 °C|publisher=CentroMeteoToscana |date=7 July 2012 |access-date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224554/http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/|archive-date=12 May 2014|language=it}} The latter is not official, and generally considered dubious. On 11 August 2021, an agricultural monitoring station near Syracuse, Sicily recorded {{Convert|48.8|C|F}} which constitutes the official record of the highest temperature in Europe according to the World Meteorological Organization.{{Cite web|date=17 July 2023|title=WMO is monitoring potential new temperature records|url=https://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-monitoring-potential-new-temperature-records|access-date=18 July 2023|website=public.wmo.int|language=en}}

{{main|Climate change in Italy}}

File:Giampilieri.jpg]]

Italy, like other parts of the globe, has been subject in the past to climate changes on a planetary scale (for example glaciations and interglacial periods, Little Ice Age). Contemporary climate change (global warming) has also had numerous effects on Italy. In particular, compared to the 1960s and 1970s, from the mid-1980s onwards there was a recorded increase in the average temperature.{{cite web|url=https://cittaclima.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CC_Rapporto_2020-def.pdf|title=RAPPORTO 2020 DELL'OSSERVATORIO DI LEGAMBIENTE CITTÀCLIMA|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cittametropolitana.torino.it/cms/risorse/territorio/dwd/urbanistica/ProgEurop/02_booklet_1.pdf|title=Stato dell'arte sugli impatti del cambiamento climatico, l'adattamento e la pianificazione territoriale|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}

Italy is particularly at risk as it is in a transition area between North Africa and Continental Europe. Experts have highlighted the risk of desertification in the southern regions. Partial confirmation of many concerns was obtained starting from the 2010s with an acceleration of the water cycle, an increase in alluvial phenomena, and the tropicalization of the Mediterranean Sea.{{cite web|url=https://agriregionieuropa.univpm.it/it/content/article/31/21/i-cambiamenti-climatici-italia-quadro-attuale-scenari-gap-conoscitivi|title=I cambiamenti climatici in Italia: quadro attuale, scenari, gap conoscitivi|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}{{cite web|url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/attualita/2017/03/16/news/WWF-cambiamento-climatico-tutti-i-rischi-per-l-Italia-1.297244|title=WWF: cambiamento climatico, tutti i rischi per l'Italia|date=16 March 2017|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/speciali/clima/pop_basso_impatti1.html|title=Gli impatti del cambiamento climatico|access-date=9 March 2022|language=it}}

{{portal|Italy}}

• Climate of Ancient Rome
• Climate change in Italy
• Geography of Italy

{{reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100315132644/http://www.meteoam.it/modules.php?name=clino Average climatic data of cities in Italy]

{{Italy topics}}

{{Europe topic|Climate of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of Italy}}

Italy