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Innovia APM#Innovia APM 300 systems

{{Short description|Automated people mover system}}

{{Infobox train

| name = Innovia APM

| image = (THA-Bangkok) Gold Line APM01 @ Khlong San 2024-02-12 (4).jpg

| caption = An Innovia APM 300 on the Gold Line in Bangkok

| stocktype = Automated people mover

| service = 1963–present

| manufacturer = {{Unbulleted list

| Westinghouse (1963–1988)

| AEG (1988–1996)

| Adtranz (1996–2001)

| Bombardier (2001–2021)

| CRRC Nanjing Puzhen (2014–present)

| Alstom (2021–present)

}}

| designer = Westinghouse

| factory = {{Unbulleted list

| West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, United States of America (USA) (Alstom)

| Wuhu, China (CRRC Nanjing Puzhen and Alstom)

}}

| family = Innovia

}}

Innovia APM is a rubber-tired automated people mover system (APM) currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems. The technology was introduced in 1963 by Westinghouse and has been improved over three generations: the Innovia APM 100 (known originally as C-100 and CX-100), Innovia APM 200 (originally known as just Innovia people mover), and the latest model, the Innovia APM 300. The license to use the technology has also passed hands several times, from Westinghouse to AEG in 1988, to Adtranz in 1996, to Bombardier Transportation in 2001,{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65805853.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112308/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65805853.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-03-29|title=Bombardier gets Adtranz for a "bargain".(Brief Article)|work=highbeam.com}} and most recently to Alstom in 2021.

The Innovia APM is mostly implemented in airports, but some rapid transit lines in cities such as Singapore, Bangkok and Miami also implement the Innovia APM.

History

File:Westinghouse Skybus 01.jpg

Development began in the 1960s when Westinghouse, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania company, first engineered an automated people mover (APM) for use on a demonstration project at the Allegheny County Fairgrounds in Pittsburgh.{{Cite web |title=Skybus in Pittsburgh |url=https://www.brooklineconnection.com/history/Facts/Skybus.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Brookline Connection}} The technology came to be known as the Skybus, because it was a rubber-tired vehicle, similar to a bus that operated on a designated elevated roadway.{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EEUaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0icEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5720,3167419|title=The Milwaukee Journal – Google News Archive Search|work=google.com|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2016-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410190753/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EEUaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0icEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5720,3167419|url-status=dead}} Engineers believed that it would be able to move 5,000 to 14,000 per hour per direction, and could offer around-the-clock service every two minutes. After the tests, Westinghouse and the Port Authority of Allegheny County attempted to build a larger system, the Transit Expressway Revenue Line, which proved controversial.{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ns8yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DZYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4557,2673472|title=The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search|work=google.com}} Political leaders were skeptical of the rubber-tired mass transit technology, and accused the Port Authority of improperly choosing Westinghouse's APM over a competing proposal for a more traditional light rail system. Eventually plans to implement a Skybus system in Pennsylvania were rejected.{{cite web |title=The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AVUqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=R1MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6930,2459208 |work=google.com}} Despite this, work continued on the technology.

File:Original TPA people movers (cropped).jpg

In 1971, Westinghouse was finally able to commercialize its APM technology, selling what it called the C-100 system to Tampa International Airport, ushering in dozens similar people mover systems at airports around the world.{{Cite book |doi = 10.1061/9780784412862.002|chapter = Airport APMs—History and Future|title = Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2013|pages = 14–37|year = 2013|last1 = Leder|first1 = William H.|last2 = Sproule|first2 = William J.|isbn = 978-0-7844-1286-2}} The C-100 was improved with a updated second-generation of vehicles, and the more heavily updated CX-100 system. All together, 14 systems were delivered in the 1980s and 1990s.

The APM technology was purchased by AEG in 1988 and later transferred to Adtranz in 1996.

File:DFW Skylink from plane.jpg

As the competing Crystal Mover system grew in popularity, Adtranz began developing a new, more aerodynamic model known as Innovia, which started testing in 1999. In addition to its sleeker appearance, the new Innovia people mover also offered greater speeds, tighter turns, full composite construction and a choice in end caps. The first Innovia people mover system delivered opened in 2005 at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.{{cite web |url=http://www.leaelliott.com/dfw-airport-skylink |title=Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Skylink | Lea+Elliott |publisher=Leaelliott.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-date=2015-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323054818/http://www.leaelliott.com/dfw-airport-skylink |url-status=dead }}

The technology transferred to Bombardier Transportation in 2001, which continued to sell both the newer Innovia APM 200 and the older CX-100 technology under the name Innovia APM 100.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurotransportmagazine.com/395/news/industry-news/bombardier-and-london-gatwick-airport-celebrate-the-completion-of-the-new-innovia-apm-100-system/ |title=Bombardier and London Gatwick Airport Celebrate the Completion of the New INNOVIA APM 100 System |publisher=Eurotransport Magazine |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06}} The last Innovia APM 100 system delivered was delivered in 2010{{cite web |author=DVV Media Group GmbH |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/guangzhou-apm-enters-service.html |title=Guangzhou peoplemover enters service |publisher=Railway Gazette |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-date=2015-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404081240/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/guangzhou-apm-enters-service.html |url-status=dead }}).

Amid the development of a third generation model, Bombardier decided to rebrand its entire automated transit system portfolio as Innovia. The two previous models became legacy systems and are no longer marketed to new customers, although existing customers can and do still order more vehicles as needed. The third and latest model is called the Innovia APM 300 system. It looks very similar to the original Innovia people mover (now called the Innovia APM 200 system), but is longer, more energy efficient and capable of 6-car train configurations.{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/bombardier-innovia-apm-300/ |title=Bombardier INNOVIA APM 300 |publisher=Railway Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2015-03-06}}

In November 2014, Bombardier signed a joint venture agreement with China's CRRC Nanjing Puzhen to manufacture and market Innovia APM and Innovia Monorail systems in the Chinese market.{{cite web|url=http://www.netnewsledger.com/2014/11/06/bombardier-announces-joint-venture-for-china/|title=Thunder Bay News; NetNewsLedger.com – Bombardier Announces Joint Venture for China|work=Thunder Bay News; NetNewsLedger.com|date=6 November 2014}}

Production

Innovia APM vehicles are assembled in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, part of the Greater Pittsburgh Area and not far from where the first demonstration trains ran. The multi-building facility specializes in automated people mover technology and has three test tracks.{{cite web|url=http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/7185797-74/pita-program-company#axzz3TFysCL1m|title=Pa. technology fund links universities, industry to solve innovation problems|work=TribLIVE.com}}{{Cite web |last=Grata |first=Joe |date=June 6, 1999 |title=Adtranz is world leader in people moving |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990606rail7.asp |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |archive-date=2022-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810195557/https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990606rail7.asp |url-status=dead }}

Vehicles manufactured by the joint venture with CRRC Nanjing Puzhen are manufactured in Wuhu, Anhui Province in China.{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=CRRC-Bombardier JV Sign Contract for 19 APMs for Singapore|url=https://railway-news.com/crrc-bombardier-jv-19-apms-singapore/|access-date=2020-06-18|website=Railway-News}}

Implementations

= Innovia APM 100 systems =

File:SMRT C801A @ Bukit Panjang LRT, Pending 20230718 (53338145948).jpg

{{Main|Innovia APM 100}}

== At airports ==

== Urban systems ==

  • Metromover, Miami, Florida, United States{{cite web |url=http://forum.dallasmetropolis.com/archive/index.php/t-687.html |title=People-Movers find their niche [Archive] - Dallas Fort Worth Urban Forum |publisher=Forum.dallasmetropolis.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133718/http://forum.dallasmetropolis.com/archive/index.php/t-687.html |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead}}
  • Bukit Panjang LRT, Singapore{{cite web |url=http://www.globalrailnews.com/blog/2014/11/19/bombardier-people-mover-cars-enter-service-in-singapore/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150309151925/http://www.globalrailnews.com/blog/2014/11/19/bombardier-people-mover-cars-enter-service-in-singapore/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-03-09 |title=Bombardier people mover cars enter service in Singapore |publisher=Global Rail News |date=2014-11-19 |accessdate=2015-03-06 }}
  • Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System, Guangzhou, China

= Innovia APM 200 systems =

File:PHX SKY TRAIN.jpg]]

{{Main|Innovia APM 200}}

  • DFW Skylink at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, United States[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091905/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-133680822.html HighBeam]
  • Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit at Heathrow Airport, United Kingdom {{cite web|url=http://www.metrotram.it/index.php?vmcity=LONDRA-HEATHROW&vmsys=apm&num=0&ind=0&lang=eng |title=metrotram.it |publisher=metrotram.it |date=2011-01-29 |accessdate=2015-03-06}}
  • PHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, United States{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/phx-sky-train-sky-harbor-international-airport-phoenix/ |title=PHX Sky Train, Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix |publisher=Railway Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2015-03-06}}

= Innovia APM 256 systems =

{{Main|Innovia APM 256}}

The Innovia APM 256 was designed as a direct replacement for the VAL 256 system.

  • Wenhu Line of Taipei Metro, Taiwan{{cite web |author=DVV Media Group GmbH |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/taipei-neihu-line-inaugurated.html |title=Taipei Neihu Line inaugurated |publisher=Railway Gazette |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-date=2015-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404151448/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/taipei-neihu-line-inaugurated.html |url-status=dead }}
  • Airport Transit System at Chicago O'Hare International Airport, United States{{Cite web|last=Freishtat|first=Sarah|date=November 2, 2021|title=After years of delays, O'Hare's 'people mover' to reopen Wednesday on a limited schedule|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-ohare-people-mover-reopening-20211102-6djlu5nuirdfvlp3jft7zfjqlm-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Chicago Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102171506/https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-ohare-people-mover-reopening-20211102-6djlu5nuirdfvlp3jft7zfjqlm-story.html |archive-date=2021-11-02 }}

= Innovia APM 300 systems =

== At airports ==

  • Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover at Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/news/newsbombardier-build-automated-people-mover-system-dubai-airport |title=Bombardier to build automated people mover system at Dubai Airport |publisher=Railway Technology |date=29 November 2012 |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-date=2015-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223230349/http://www.railway-technology.com/news/newsbombardier-build-automated-people-mover-system-dubai-airport/ |url-status=dead }} Terminal 1 (Terminal 3 uses Crystal Mover)
  • King Abdulaziz International Airport, Saudi Arabia{{cite web|author=Stephen White|url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-12379-bombardier-wins-jeddah-airport-people-mover-deal/|title=Bombardier wins Jeddah airport people mover deal|publisher=ConstructionWeekOnline.com|accessdate=2015-03-06}}
  • Munich Airport, Germany{{cite web|url=http://www.passengerterminaltoday.com/viewnews.php?NewsID=34868|title=New automated people mover system for Munich Airport|publisher=Passengerterminaltoday.com|date=2011-11-23|accessdate=2015-03-06}}{{cite web|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/04/22/1506214/0/en/Bombardier-s-INNOVIA-APM-300-Automated-People-Mover-System-Enters-Service-at-Munich-Airport.html|title=Bombardier-s-INNOVIA-APM-300-Automated-People-Mover-System-Enters-Service-at-Munich-Airport|accessdate=2015-03-06}}
  • LAX Automated People Mover at Los Angeles International Airport, United States{{cite web |author=Tom Wadlow |url=https://www.constructionglobal.com/infrastructure/los-angeles-international-airport-awards-contracts-49bn-monorail-installation |title=Los Angeles International Airport awards contracts for $4.9bn monorail installation |publisher=Construction Global |date=2018-06-11 |accessdate=2018-06-13 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614071735/https://www.constructionglobal.com/infrastructure/los-angeles-international-airport-awards-contracts-49bn-monorail-installation }}
  • Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, China{{cite web |title=Alstom's first airport APM 300 system at New Chengdu Tianfu International Airport enters service |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2021/6/alstoms-first-airport-apm-300-system-new-chengdu-tianfu-international |access-date=15 July 2021}}
  • Beijing Capital International Airport, China (only new rolling stock){{cite web|url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2021/7/first-automatic-people-mover-apm-delivered-beijing-capital-international |title=First automatic people mover (APM) delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport |access-date=15 July 2021}}
  • Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, China {{cite web |url=https://rail.bombardier.com/en/about-us/worldwide-presence/china/zh.html/bombardier/news/2018/bt-20180620-bombardier-s-chinese-joint-venture-wins-contract-to-/zh |title=庞巴迪中国合资企业斩获深圳机场全自动旅客捷运系统合同 |access-date=12 September 2021 |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912143443/https://rail.bombardier.com/en/about-us/worldwide-presence/china/zh.html/bombardier/news/2018/bt-20180620-bombardier-s-chinese-joint-venture-wins-contract-to-/zh |url-status=dead }}
  • Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong
  • AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia (new rolling stock as Innovia APM 300R){{Cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=Pestech to finance, upgrade and operate KLIA Aerotrain project for RM743m |url=https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/pestech-finance-upgrade-and-operate-klia-aerotrain-project-rm743m}}
  • Denver International Airport Automated Guideway Transit System at Denver International Airport, United States (new rolling stock as Innovia APM 300R){{cite web|url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2024/7/denver-international-airport-begins-putting-alstoms-new-innovia-automated-people-mover-trains-service |title=Denver International Airport begins putting Alstom’s new Innovia automated people mover trains into service |access-date=July 4, 2024}}

== Urban systems ==

Integrated Systems

Innovia APM vehicles operate as part of a fully integrated transit system{{Cite book|url=http://trid.trb.org/view/1331637|isbn = 978-0-7844-1286-2|title = APM and Other Driverless Systems for Integrated Urban Planning and Sustainability|date = April 2013|last1 = Leder|first1 = William H.|last2 = Sproule|first2 = William J.| publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers }} with all elements (vehicles, signaling, communications, power supply and distribution, trackwork, platform screen doors, etc.{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurotransportmagazine.com/5777/news/industry-news/bombardier-to-design-build-supply-operate-and-maintain-an-innovia-automated-people-mover-system-for-munich-airport-in-germany/|title = Bombardier to design, build, supply, operate and maintain an INNOVIA APM system for Munich Airport}}) designed to function together as a complete package. Typically, these integrated systems are delivered as a turnkey transit system contract.{{Cite web|url=http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/WireFeedRedirect?cf=GlobeInvestor/config&vg=BigAdVariableGenerator&date=20120516&archive=ccnm&slug=201205160791049001|title = Globe Investor}}

Route layout and system configuration

Innovia APM systems are most often used in airport settings as inter-terminal connections or links to local amenities in and around the airport such as car rentals, parking garages and local public transit. Currently there are three urban systems used as feeder systems as part of a larger mass transit network. Innovia APM systems operate in tunnels, on elevated guideways, and sometimes in an open cut (pit) or a combination of tunnels and elevated guideways.

They can assume three different system configurations – shuttle,{{Cite web |url=https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/Bombardier-Celebrates-Opening-iw-707388192.html |title=Bombardier Celebrates the Opening of the INNOVIA APM 100 System at the Sacramento International Airport in the USA - Yahoo Finance Canada |access-date=2015-03-06 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402194740/https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/Bombardier-Celebrates-Opening-iw-707388192.html |url-status=dead }} loop,{{Cite web |url=https://www.dfwairport.com/pressroom/Debuts_Worlds_Largest_Airport_People_Mover_System.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703155402/https://www.dfwairport.com/pressroom/Debuts_Worlds_Largest_Airport_People_Mover_System.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-03 |url-status=dead}} and pinched loop.{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?283768|doi = 10.1061/41193(424)11|chapter = PHX Sky Train: APM Adaptation for Phoenix|title = Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2011|year = 2011|last1 = Morris|first1 = Jane L.|last2 = Decostro|first2 = Robert L.|last3 = Incorvati|first3 = Mark V.|pages = 114–125|isbn = 978-0-7844-1193-3}} The shuttle system is the least complex. One train operates on each lane of a dual lane guideway. After the train dwells in one of the end stations for passengers for entry and exit, it reverses direction and returns to the opposite end station. Because Innovia APM vehicles are fully automated, they do not require a driver's cab, which allows them to be bidirectional. A loop is an enclosed system that connects multiple stations along a track or guideway that is a continuous circle or closed curve. Loop systems can be designed as either a single lane or a dual lane configuration. A pinched-loop system shares common characteristics with both the shuttle and the loop systems. Pinched loops look like a dual-lane shuttle (with two parallel guideways), but trains can go from one track to the other changing direction via switches at each end. As a result, traffic on a pinched loop flows in opposite directions on two parallel tracks, but can accommodate many stations.{{cite web |url=http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/11877/Chapter_24.htm |title=Chapter 24 |website=ntl.bts.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040601220146/http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/11877/Chapter_24.htm |archive-date=2004-06-01}}

See also

Competing systems:

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.asce.org/ American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Automated People Mover Standards Committee]

{{Automated trains and fixed-guideway transit}}

Category:People movers

Category:Innovia people movers