Jinhua

The history of Jinhua dates back to the 2nd century BC, when it was a county subordinate to Shaoxing. It was given the name Jinhua under the Sui dynasty in AD 598 and later became the seat of a prefecture. The present city and its walls date to the Yuan dynasty in 1352.

The most famous native of Jinhua is Huang Chuping, a Daoist holy man of the 4th century and reputed immortal whose descendants still live in the area. Wuyang Shan ("Reclining Sheep Mountain") is said to be a sheep which was turned to stone by Huang, a trick which he learned through his years of diligently studying Daoism.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Economically Jinhua has always prospered from its position as the regional collecting and processing center for agricultural and forestry products (chiefly rice and bamboo). It is currently the second most important grain producing area in Zhejiang. In 1985 Jinhua was promoted to City status, and now is responsible for administering four cities, three counties and two districts. Animals raised there include dairy cattle, meat hogs (for the production of Jinhua ham, a famous local product for 900 years) and honeybees. Jinhua's industrial sector has developed more recently, producing machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, building supplies and electrical and electronic equipment.

The Tang dynasty painter Guan Xiu{{cite web |url=http://web.whittier.edu/academic/english/Chinese/Guanxiu.htm |title=Guan Xiu |access-date=2011-04-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526160219/http://web.whittier.edu/academic/english/Chinese/Guanxiu.htm |archive-date=2011-05-26 }} (Kuan-hsiu) was born in Jinhua. He is known for his paintings of Buddhist holy men.

There are numerous scenic and historical sites in the Jinhua region, including many places associated with the Immortal Huang, and a palace of the Dukes of the

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

File:China Map.jpg]]

Jinhua is located at latitudes 28° 32'−29° 41' N and longitudes 119° 14'−120° 46' E in the center of Zhejiang. It borders Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.

Jinhua has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is {{convert|17.33|°C|1}}, with monthly daily averages ranging from {{convert|5.2|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|29.0|°C}} in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1450|mm|1}} and is affected by the plum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| collapsed = Y

| location = Jinhua, elevation {{convert|63|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present)

| Jan high C = 9.9

| Feb high C = 12.6

| Mar high C = 16.9

| Apr high C = 23.1

| May high C = 27.7

| Jun high C = 29.8

| Jul high C = 34.6

| Aug high C = 34.1

| Sep high C = 29.6

| Oct high C = 24.6

| Nov high C = 18.8

| Dec high C = 12.5

| Jan mean C = 6.0

| Feb mean C = 8.2

| Mar mean C = 12.2

| Apr mean C = 18.1

| May mean C = 22.9

| Jun mean C = 25.6

| Jul mean C = 29.8

| Aug mean C = 29.3

| Sep mean C = 25.2

| Oct mean C = 20.0

| Nov mean C = 14.2

| Dec mean C = 8.2

| Jan low C = 3.2

| Feb low C = 5.1

| Mar low C = 8.8

| Apr low C = 14.2

| May low C = 19.1

| Jun low C = 22.5

| Jul low C = 26.1

| Aug low C = 25.8

| Sep low C = 21.9

| Oct low C = 16.4

| Nov low C = 10.8

| Dec low C = 5.0

| Jan record high C = 25.4

| Jan record low C = -9.6

| Feb record high C = 29.4

| Feb record low C = -8.9

| Mar record high C = 34.8

| Mar record low C = -1.6

| Apr record high C = 34.5

| Apr record low C = 0.6

| May record high C = 36.6

| May record low C = 8.7

| Jun record high C = 37.6

| Jun record low C = 13.3

| Jul record high C = 40.7

| Jul record low C = 18.8

| Aug record high C = 42.0

| Aug record low C = 18.6

| Sep record high C = 39.6

| Sep record low C = 13.1

| Oct record high C = 35.9

| Oct record low C = 2.4

| Nov record high C = 31.3

| Nov record low C = -2.7

| Dec record high C = 24.5

| Dec record low C = -6.8

| year high C =

| year low C =

| year high F =

| year low F =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 83.7

| Feb precipitation mm = 89.9

| Mar precipitation mm = 160.6

| Apr precipitation mm = 157.0

| May precipitation mm = 179.4

| Jun precipitation mm = 289.9

| Jul precipitation mm = 149.9

| Aug precipitation mm = 129.9

| Sep precipitation mm = 84.9

| Oct precipitation mm = 49.6

| Nov precipitation mm = 72.4

| Dec precipitation mm = 65.4

| Jan humidity = 74

| Feb humidity = 73

| Mar humidity = 72

| Apr humidity = 71

| May humidity = 71

| Jun humidity = 77

| Jul humidity = 69

| Aug humidity = 70

| Sep humidity = 73

| Oct humidity = 70

| Nov humidity = 73

| Dec humidity = 72

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 13.5

| Feb precipitation days = 13.1

| Mar precipitation days = 17.1

| Apr precipitation days = 15.7

| May precipitation days = 15.8

| Jun precipitation days = 17.4

| Jul precipitation days = 11.7

| Aug precipitation days = 12.9

| Sep precipitation days = 10.3

| Oct precipitation days = 7.7

| Nov precipitation days = 10.5

| Dec precipitation days = 10.3

| year precipitation days =

| Jan sun = 93.7

| Feb sun = 97.2

| Mar sun = 116.1

| Apr sun = 139.1

| May sun = 157.7

| Jun sun = 134.7

| Jul sun = 235.6

| Aug sun = 219.4

| Sep sun = 163.4

| Oct sun = 157.7

| Nov sun = 124.5

| Dec sun = 120.5

| year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 29

| Feb percentsun = 31

| Mar percentsun = 31

| Apr percentsun = 36

| May percentsun = 37

| Jun percentsun = 32

| Jul percentsun = 55

| Aug percentsun = 54

| Sep percentsun = 45

| Oct percentsun = 45

| Nov percentsun = 39

| Dec percentsun = 38

| year percentsun =

| Jan snow days = 3.7

| Feb snow days = 2.4

| Mar snow days = 0.4

| Apr snow days = 0

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 0.1

| Dec snow days = 1.4

| year snow days =

| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=25 June 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =25 June 2023 |title=Experience Template }} all-time extreme temperature

{{cite web|url=https://weibo.com/1920136013/OqneW2Ixk |script-title=zh:【浙江高温可能破纪录】今天最新预报，杭州报8月4日42℃，绍兴报8月3-4日43℃，如果实现都将打破当地观测史最高气温纪录。图3简单列举了部分浙江城市的观测史最高气温纪录。|publisher=weatherman_信欣 on Weibo |language = zh-hans | access-date =22 September 2024}}

| source 2 = Weather China{{cite web

| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101210901.shtml?

| script-title=zh:金华 - 气象数据 -中国天气网

| publisher = Weather China

| language = zh

| access-date = 22 November 2022}}

| source =

}}

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh50-12.jpg, 1952)]]

The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 4 county-level cities and 3 counties.

These are further divided into 191 township-level divisions, including 107 towns, 73 townships and 11 subdistricts.

Jinhua architecture, also known as Wu-school architecture, is a style of traditional Chinese architecture that is characterized by large apartments, large courtyards, large open halls, horse-head walls. This style is different from the courtyard houses in Beijing and the earth buildings in Fujian.

Representative of the Ming and Qing Dynasty residences, Jinhua architecture typically features a clear central axis and a symmetrical layout. These buildings were often constructed by the royal family or the descendants of Confucianism, and served as both living spaces and cultural artifacts that reflect the values and beliefs of Confucianism.

The common characteristic of Confucian inheritance is the emphasis on respecting teachers, education, law, and rules. This philosophy is reflected in the spatial design and construction of Jinhua architecture. These houses are built with a harmonious balance between Yin and Yang and embody symmetry and balance.

Jinhua has a rather flexible economic system with distinctive economic characteristics in different areas. 90% of enterprises are in and about 88% of its GDP are from private sector.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

File:JNP6120G.jpg factory.]]

Jinhua enjoys an advanced civilian-owned economy, with its industry mainly supported by processing and manufacturing. Leading industries of the city include clothing and textile, mechanics and electronics, pharmacy and chemistry, manufacturing crafts, metalwork processing architecture and building materials, automobile-and-motorcycle accessories, food processing, and plastic ware.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

Industries are distributed with different characteristics in different counties or county-level cities. For instance, Yiwu is characterized by its light-industry commodities, Yongkang by its automobile-and-motorcycle accessories and mechanical and electric tools, Dongyang by its clothing, architecture and magnetic materials, the Jinhua Proper by its pharmacy, construction materials and industrial measures, Lanxi by its non-ferrous metal, cement, towels and daily chemicals, and Pujiang by its textile, lockmaking, and lantern ornaments of crystals.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

Traditional handicrafts have been flourishing in Jinhua. The wood carving and bamboo weaving in Dongyang, the straw plaiting, lace purling and crystals carving in Pujiang, and the hardware crafts in Yongkang, all enjoy a long history of development and the products sell well both abroad and at home.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

There are 2 major colleges / universities in Jinhua: the provincial public university Zhejiang Normal University (ZJNU),{{Cite web |title=浙江师范大学 |url=http://www.zjnu.edu.cn/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.zjnu.edu.cn}} and the municipal public university Jinhua University of Vocational Technology.{{Cite web |date=2024-12-28 |title=金华职业技术大学 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228082213/https://www.jhc.edu.cn/main.htm |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=web.archive.org}}

Major provincial key high schools in Jinhua include [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/浙江金华第一中学 Jinhua No. 1 High School], High School Affiliated to Zhejiang Normal University, Aiqing High School, Jinhua Tangxi Senior High School, Jinhua Foreign Language School, Lanxi No. 1 High School, Zhejiang Dongyang High School, Zhejiang Yiwu High School, Yiwu No. 2 High School, Yongkang No. 1 Senior Middle School, Zhejiang Pujiang High School, Wuyi No. 1 High School, and Pan'an High School.

Many education cooperations happen in Jinhua. Jinhua has been leading China-Africa education cooperation since the 1980s with the help of colleges and universities. Zhejiang Normal University began to recruit short-term international students in China in the 1980s. To date, the university has trained more than 8,000 African students in the Chinese language, international education in Chinese, business administration, comparative education, software engineering, mechanical design, and manufacturing and automation.{{Cite web |title=Zhejiang Normal University leads China-Africa education cooperation |url=http://www.ezhejiang.gov.cn/jinhua/2022-11/24/c_833982.htm |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.ezhejiang.gov.cn}}

Jinhua ham has bright colors, with red and white hues. The lean meat has a sweetness, while the fat imparts a flavor without being overly greasy. It is a rich source of protein, fat, multiple vitamins and minerals. Jinhua ham is produced during winter and matured throughout the summer, which allows for fermentation. Its consumption is associated with various health benefits, such as nourishing the stomach and kidneys, strengthening bone marrow, and promoting wound healing.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Jinhua ham features thin skin, with bright yellow skin and a lute-like shape. Its flesh is red and aromatic, earning it the reputation of the "four perfections" for its combination of color, fragrance, taste, and shape.

Yongkang Roumaibing (meat patties) is a traditional snack of Yongkang. Throughout Yongkang's history, local farmers have prepared meat patties as a staple dish during harvest festivals. Despite its coarse appearance, Yongkang meat patties are regarded and deemed as an example of the idiom "Don't judge a book by its cover."

Yongkang meat patties are generally divided into two types. One is the thin patty (also known as the triangle patty), which is flat and large in area. The whole thin patty is cut into several triangle patties and sold with pork and dried vegetable filling. The other is the thick patty, a thicker, smaller patty filled with potato, tofu, cowpea, lotus root, etc.

File:201812 New Jinhua Railway Station.jpg]]

File:20220206 金义东线列车出绣湖站.jpg train at Xiuhu Station, Yiwu]]

Main railway stations:

• Jinhua railway station
• Jinhuanan railway station
• Yiwu railway station

Jinhua enjoys convenient transportation, being the communications center in southeast China between coastal and inland areas. It is one of the major hubs of land transportation in the country. The Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Jinhua-Wenzhou and Jinhua-Qiandaohu railways intersect in the city. The Hangzhou-Jinhua-Quzhou Expressway, the Jinhua-Lishui-Wenzhou Expressway, the No. 330 and 320 National Highways, and other provincial highroads traverse the area. The city aggregation around Jinhua Proper has formed a "Half-an-Hour's-Ride Economic Circle", there being merely a 90-minute and a 3-hour journey driving from the city to Hangzhou and Shanghai respectively.

Jinhua Rail Transit is a metro system in Jinhua. Jinyidong Line connects the 2 districts of Jinhua to Yiwu and Dongyang. It was opened on August 30, 2022.{{cite web | url=https://urbanrail.net/as/cn/jinhua/jinhua.htm | title=UrbanRail.Net > Asia > China > Jinhua Rail Transit }}

Yiwu Airport provides service to major cities in China mainland and Hong Kong.

Jinhua Architecture Park, a collection of 17 pavilions designed by Chinese and international architects, is set on the banks of the Yiwu River.

According to the Seventh National Census in 2020, the city’s Permanent Population (hukou) was 7,050,683. Compared with 5,361,572 people in the Sixth National Census in 2010, there was a total increase of 1,689,111 people over the decade, an increase of 31.5%, and an average annual growth rate of 2.78%. In the city's population, the male population was 3,716,342, accounting for 52.71%, and the female population was 3,334,341, accounting for 47.29%. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females, male to female ratio) was 111.46, an increase of 3.96 compared with the sixth national census in 2010.{{Cite journal |last= |title=金华市第七次人口普查主要数据公报 |url=http://tjj.jinhua.gov.cn/art/2021/5/18/art_1229317894_3844172.html |journal=[金华市统计局]]}}

• Chen Wei
• Guo Guangchang
• Hu Hailan
• Pan Jianwei
• Lou Jiwei

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.jinhua.gov.cn Government website of Jinhua] {{in lang|zh}}
• [http://english.jinhua.gov.cn Government website of Jinhua]{{in lang|en}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060803134933/http://community.middlebury.edu/~knutson/pictures/jinhua.html Jinhua First Social Welfare Institute] (orphanage)
• [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/jinhua/ The Jinhua Swine], breeds of livestock

{{Zhejiang topics}}

{{Zhejiang}}

{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{Jinhua–Wenzhou Railway}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Zhejiang

Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang

Category:National Civilized City

Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City