Judy Garland

Born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, in Grand Rapids, Minnesota,{{cite web |title=Judy's Life - ~1920S~ |url=http://judygarlandmuseum.com/~judygarlandmuseu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=136 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708095100/http://judygarlandmuseum.com/~judygarlandmuseu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=136 |archive-date=July 8, 2020 |access-date=February 16, 2021 |work=judygarlandmuseum.com}}{{cite web |title=Minnesota Birth Records, Minnesota Historical Society People Search |url=https://mnhs.org.ddev.site/search/people/birth-records/ced65e7c-e289-4860-8a1c-5758e7fc4d72 |access-date=November 18, 2024}} Garland was the youngest child of vaudevillians Ethel Marion Milne{{cite news |date=January 6, 1953 |title=Ethel Marion Milne death pt 1 of 2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20862856/ethel-marion-milne-death-pt-1-of-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216161514/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20862856/ethel-marion-milne-death-pt-1-of-2/ |archive-date=February 16, 2021 |access-date=February 16, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |page=1}} and Francis Avent Gumm. The family settled in Grand Rapids, where her parents operated a movie theater showcasing vaudeville acts. She was of Irish, English, Scottish,{{cite web |url=http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/minibios/g/garland_judy.htm |title=Mini Biographies of Scots and Scots Descendants – Judy Garland |date=July 1951 |website=ElectricScotland.com |access-date=January 14, 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://www.americanancestors.org/assortment-famous-actors/ |title=#77 Royal Descents, Notable Kin and Printed Sources: An Assortment of Famous Actors |last=Roberts |first=Gary Boyd |website=American Ancestors |publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society |date=December 17, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203150008/http://www.americanancestors.org/assortment-famous-actors/ |archive-date=December 3, 2010}} and Huguenot{{cite web |url=https://londonist.com/london/history/huguenot-ancestry-london-french-names-spitalfields |title=The Huguenots: London's First Refugees |publisher=Londonist |date=November 2, 2020 |last=Bosanquet |first=Theo |access-date=January 7, 2021}}{{cite web |url=http://www.huguenotsofspitalfields.org/?view=category&id=51 |title=Newsletter Attachments |publisher=The Huguenots of Spitalfields |access-date=January 6, 2021}} ancestry, named after both of her parents and baptized at a local Episcopal church.{{cite book |last=Schechter |first=Scott |date=2006 |title=Judy Garland: The Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Legend |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |page=3 |isbn=978-1461635550 |quote=June 19, 1922, 10 a.m.: Frances was baptized at the Episcopal Church by the rector, Robert Arthur Cowling, of Hibbing}}

File:Baby Gumm in costume.webp

"Baby" (as she was called by her parents and sisters){{cite web |url=http://judygarland.com/id1.html |title=Judy Garland – A Brief Biography |last=Fricke |first=John |website=Judygarland.com |access-date=January 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424125222/http://judygarland.com/id1.html |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |url-status=dead}} shared her family's flair for song and dance. Her first appearance came at the age of two, when she joined her elder sisters Mary Jane "Suzy/Suzanne" Gumm and Dorothy Virginia "Jimmie" Gumm on the stage of her father's movie theater during a Christmas show and sang a chorus of "Jingle Bells".{{sfn|Shipman|1992|p=12}} The Gumm Sisters performed there for the next few years, accompanied by their mother on piano.File:GummHome.jpgThe family relocated to Lancaster, California, in June 1926, following rumors that her father had homosexual inclinations.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=23}} Frank bought and operated another theater in Lancaster,{{Cite magazine|author=|date=January 18, 2017|title=Judy Garland's Historic Childhood Home Is on the Market|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/01/judy-garland-childhood-home|access-date=November 27, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|language=en-US}} and Ethel began managing her daughters and working to get them into motion pictures.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

In 1928, the Gumm Sisters enrolled in a dance school run by Ethel Meglin, proprietor of the Meglin Kiddies dance troupe. They appeared with the troupe at its annual Christmas show.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|pp=29–30}} Through the Meglin Kiddies, they made their film debut in a short subject called The Big Revue (1929), where they performed a song-and-dance number called "That's the Good Old Sunny South". This was followed by appearances in two Vitaphone shorts the following year: A Holiday in Storyland (featuring Garland's first on-screen solo) and The Wedding of Jack and Jill. They next appeared together in Bubbles (1930). Their final on-screen appearance was in an MGM Technicolor short entitled La Fiesta de Santa Barbara (1935).{{sfn|Finch|1975|pp=43–47, 76}}

The trio had toured the vaudeville circuit as "The Gumm Sisters" for many years by the time they performed in Chicago at the Oriental Theater with George Jessel in 1934. He encouraged the group to choose a more appealing name after "Gumm" was met with laughter from the audience. According to theater legend, their act was once erroneously billed at a Chicago theater as "The Glum Sisters".{{cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/09/specials/garland-obit.html |title=Judy Garland, 47, Found Dead |date=June 23, 1969 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=April 3, 2018 |quote=critics noted that her voice had lost some of its quality. At the same time they noted that her personality retained its full impact.}}File:The Gumm Sisters.jpg

Several stories persist regarding the origin of their use of the name Garland. One is that it was originated by Jessel after Carole Lombard's character Lily Garland in the film Twentieth Century (1934), which was then playing at the Oriental in Chicago; another is that the girls chose the surname after drama critic Robert Garland.{{cite episode|title=Judy: Beyond the Rainbow|series=Biography|series-link=Biography (TV series)|air-date=January 1, 1999}} Garland's daughter Lorna Luft stated that her mother selected the name when Jessel announced that the trio "looked prettier than a garland of flowers".{{sfn|Luft|1999|p=26}} A TV special was filmed in Hollywood at the Pantages Theatre premiere of A Star Is Born on September 29, 1954, in which Jessel stated:

{{Blockquote|I think that I ought to tell the folks that it was I who named Judy Garland, "Judy Garland." Not that it would have made any difference{{spnd}}you couldn't have hid[den] that great talent if you'd called her "Tel Aviv Windsor Shell", you know, but her name when I first met her was Frances Gumm and it wasn't the kind of a name that so sensitive a great actress like that should have; ... and so we called her Judy Garland and I think she's a combination of Helen Hayes and Al Jolson and maybe Jenny Lind and Sarah Bernhardt.{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Star-Born-Disc-Special-DVD/dp/B00006L9X5|title=Pantages Premiere TV Special on disc 2 of A Star is Born DVD|author=Jessel, George|date=April 17, 2019 |publisher=Warner Home Video}}}}

A later explanation surfaced when Jessel was a guest on Garland's television show in 1963. He said that he had sent actress Judith Anderson a telegram containing the word "garland" and it stuck in his mind.{{cite episode|title=Episode 12|series=The Judy Garland Show|air-date=November 1, 1963|season=1|number=12}} However, Garland asked Jessel just moments later if this story was true and he blithely replied "No".{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

By late 1934, the Gumm Sisters had changed their name to the Garland Sisters."Program of Comedy Due – Eddie Conrad Will Head Ebell Vaudeville". Los Angeles Times. December 7, 1934. p. 15. Frances changed her name to "Judy" soon after, inspired by a popular Hoagy Carmichael song.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=27}} The group broke up by August 1935, when Mary Jane "Suzanne" Garland flew to Reno, Nevada and married musician Lee Kahn, a member of the Jimmy Davis orchestra playing at Cal-Neva Lodge, Lake Tahoe."Nuptials Turn Trio to Duet – Cupid Robs Radio Team – Suzanne Garland Flies to Reno to Become Bride of Musician". Los Angeles Times. August 15, 1935. p. A3.

File:August-8-1935-at-superior-court-contract-approval-Al-Rosen-as-rep.webp

In September 1935, Louis B. Mayer asked songwriter Burton Lane to go to the Orpheum Theater in downtown Los Angeles to watch the Garland Sisters' vaudeville act and to report to him. A few days later, Garland and her father were brought for an impromptu audition at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City. Garland performed "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart" and "Eli, Eli", a Yiddish song written in 1896 and regularly performed in vaudeville.{{cite book |last1=Neibaur |first1=James L. |title=The Films of Judy Garland |date=2022 |publisher=McFarland|page=4}} The studio immediately signed Garland to a contract with MGM, presumably without a screen test, though she had made a test for the studio several months earlier. The studio did not know what to do with her; aged thirteen, she was older than the traditional child star, but too young for adult roles.{{cite book |title=Get happy: the life of Judy Garland |last1=Clarke |first1=Gerald |publisher=Dell |isbn=978-0-307-55633-2 |chapter=Chapter 5: The Men of Her Dreams |date=November 11, 2009 }}

File:Portrait photo of Garland circa 1936.png (1936)|235x235px]]

Her physical appearance was a dilemma for MGM. She was only {{convert|4|ft|11+1/2|in|cm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} and her "cute" or "girl-next-door" looks did not exemplify the glamorous persona then required of leading female performers. She was self-conscious and anxious about her appearance. Garland went to school at Metro with Ava Gardner, Lana Turner, Elizabeth Taylor, "real beauties", said Charles Walters, who directed her in a number of films. "Judy was the big money-maker at the time, a big success, but she was the ugly duckling ... I think it had a very damaging effect on her emotionally for a long time. I think it lasted forever, really."{{cite episode |title=Judy: Impressions of Garland |url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0813809 |series=Omnibus |air-date=1972}} Her insecurity was exacerbated by the attitude of studio chief Mayer, who referred to her as his "little hunchback".{{sfn|Wayne|2003|p=204}}

During her early years at the studio, she was photographed and dressed in plain garments or frilly juvenile gowns and costumes to match the "girl-next-door" image created for her. They had her wear removable caps on her teeth and rubberized discs to reshape her nose.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=73}}

On November 16, 1935, 13-year-old Garland was in the midst of preparing for a radio performance on the Shell Chateaux Hour when she learned that her father had been hospitalized with meningitis and his medical condition had taken a turn for the worse. He died the following morning at age 49, leaving her devastated.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

Her song for the Shell Chateau Hour was her first professional rendition of "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart", a song that became a standard in many of her concerts.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=58}} Garland performed at various studio functions and was eventually cast opposite Deanna Durbin in the musical short Every Sunday (1936). The film contrasted her vocal range and swing style with Durbin's operatic soprano and served as an extended screen test for them, as studio executives were questioning the wisdom of having two girl singers on the roster.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=73}}File:Garland in Thoroughbreds Don't Cry trailer.png trailer (1937)|265x265px]]Garland's first feature-length film was a loan-out to Fox titled Pigskin Parade, a football-themed musical comedy, where she was billed tenth after Stuart Erwin, Jack Haley, Patsy Kelly, Betty Grable and others. Garland sang three solos, including "The Texas Tornado" and "The Balboa".{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}File:Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg in a publicity photo for Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938)]]Garland came to the attention of studio executives when she sang a special arrangement of "You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)" to Clark Gable at a birthday party that the studio arranged for the actor. Her rendition was so well regarded that she performed the song in the all-star extravaganza Broadway Melody of 1938 (1937), when she sang to a photograph of him.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=47}}

MGM hit a winning formula when it paired Garland with Mickey Rooney in a string of what were known as "backyard musicals".{{cite web |url=http://www.digitallyobsessed.com/displaylegacy.php?ID=9718 |title=dOc DVD Review: Mickey Rooney & Judy Garland Collection (Babes in Arms/Strike Up the Band/Babes on Broadway/Girl Crazy) (1939–1943) |publisher=Digitallyobsessed.com |date=April 1, 2009 |access-date=April 3, 2010 |archive-date=September 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910001136/http://digitallyobsessed.com/displaylegacy.php?ID=9718 |url-status=dead }} The duo first appeared together as supporting characters in the B movie Thoroughbreds Don't Cry (1937). Garland was then cast in the fourth of the Hardy Family movies, Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938), as a literal girl-next-door to Rooney's character Andy Hardy, although Hardy's love interest was played by Lana Turner. They teamed as lead characters for the first time in Babes in Arms (1939), ultimately appearing in five additional films, including Hardy films Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940) and Life Begins for Andy Hardy (1941).{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

Garland stated that she, Rooney and other young performers were constantly prescribed amphetamines to stay awake and keep up with the frantic pace of making one film after another.{{Cite web|last=Bertram|first=Colin|title=Judy Garland Was Put on a Strict Diet and Encouraged to Take "Pep Pills" While Filming 'The Wizard of Oz'|url=https://www.biography.com/news/judy-garland-pills-diet-wizard-of-oz|access-date=November 27, 2021|website=Biography|date=December 10, 2020 |language=en-us}} They were also given barbiturates to take before going to bed so they could sleep.{{cite episode |title=Judy Garland: By Myself |series=American Masters |air-date=February 25, 2004}} This regular use of drugs, she said, led to addiction and a life-long struggle. She later resented the hectic schedule and believed MGM stole her youth. Rooney, however, denied their studio was responsible for her addiction: "Judy Garland was never given any drugs by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Mr. Mayer didn't sanction anything for Judy. No one on that lot was responsible for Judy Garland's death. Unfortunately, Judy chose that path."{{cite episode |title=The Lion in Winter |series=MGM: When the Lion Roars |credits=Stewart, Patrick (host)}}

Garland's weight was within a healthy range, but the studio demanded she constantly diet. They even went so far as to serve her only a bowl of chicken soup and black coffee when she ordered a regular meal.{{cite book |last=Petersen |first=Anne H. |author-link1=Anne Helen Petersen |title=Scandals of Classic Hollywood |date=2014 |publisher=Plume (Penguin) |isbn=978-0142180679 |location=New York City |pages=157–78 [164, 166–69] |chapter=10. Judy Garland: Ugly Duckling}} She was plagued with self-doubt throughout her life; despite successful film and recording careers, awards, critical praise and her ability to fill concert halls worldwide, she required constant reassurance that she was talented and attractive.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|pp=135–36}}

File:The Wizard of Oz Judy Garland 1939.jpg (1939)]]

In 1938, when Garland was sixteen, she was cast as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939), a film based on the 1900 children's book by L. Frank Baum. In the film, she sang the song with which she would be constantly identified afterward, "Over the Rainbow". Although producers Arthur Freed and Mervyn LeRoy had wanted to cast her in the role from the beginning, studio chief Mayer first tried to borrow Shirley Temple from 20th Century Fox, but they declined. Deanna Durbin was then asked but was unavailable; this resulted in Garland being cast.{{sfn|Juneau|1974|p=37}}

Garland was initially outfitted in a blonde wig for the part, but Freed and LeRoy decided against it shortly into filming. Her blue gingham dress was chosen for its blurring effect on her figure, which made her look younger.{{sfn|Finch|1975|pp=134–35}} Shooting commenced on October 13, 1938,{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=95}} and it was completed on March 16, 1939,{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=100}} with a final cost of more than $2 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|2|1938}} million in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}).{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=61}} With the conclusion of filming, MGM kept Garland busy with promotional tours and the shooting of Babes in Arms (also 1939), directed by Busby Berkeley. She and Rooney were sent on a cross-country promotional tour, culminating in the August 17 New York City premiere at the Capitol Theater, which included a five-show-a-day appearance schedule for the two stars.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|pp=102–03}}

Garland was reportedly put on a diet consisting of cigarettes, chicken soup, and coffee during filming in a further attempt to minimize her curves.{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11059785/How-Judy-Garland-was-forced-to-starve-herself-for-the-screen.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11059785/How-Judy-Garland-was-forced-to-starve-herself-for-the-screen.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=How Judy Garland was forced to starve herself for the screen |website=The Telegraph|date=August 29, 2014 }}{{cbignore}} This may be erroneous, as historians Jay Scarfone and William Stillman clarify that at the time Garland was an anti-smoker and was allowed solid food.{{cite book |last1=Scarfone |first1=Jay |last2=Stillman |first2=William |title=The Road to Oz: The Evolution, Creation, and Legacy of a Motion Picture Masterpiece |date=October 1, 2018 |publisher=Lyons Press |isbn=9781493036295}} However, her diet was accompanied by swimming and hiking outings, plus games of tennis and badminton with her stunt double Bobbie Koshay.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

The Wizard of Oz was a tremendous critical success, though its high budget and estimated promotion costs of $4 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|4|1939}} million in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}), coupled with the lower revenue that was generated by discounted children's tickets, meant that the film did not return a profit until it was re-released in the 1940s and on subsequent occasions.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=104}} At the 1939 Academy Awards ceremony, Garland received her only Academy Award, an Academy Juvenile Award for her performances in 1939, including The Wizard of Oz and Babes in Arms. She was the fourth person to receive the award as well as only one of twelve in history to ever be presented with one.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=105}} After the film, Garland was one of the most bankable actresses in the United States.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/motionpictureher141unse/page/14/mode/2up?view=theater|title=Motion Picture Herald|date=November 1940|publisher=Quigley Publishing Co.}}

File:Nellie Kelly.png (1940), which was her first adult role|259x259px]]

Garland starred in three films which were released in 1940: Andy Hardy Meets Debutante, Strike Up the Band and Little Nellie Kelly. In the last, she played her first adult role, a dual role of both mother and daughter. Little Nellie Kelly was purchased from George M. Cohan as a vehicle for her to display both her audience appeal and her physical appearance. The role was a challenge for her, requiring the use of an accent, her first adult kiss and the only death scene of her career.{{sfn|Juneau|1974|pp=55–56}} Her co-star George Murphy regarded the kiss as embarrassing. He said it felt like "a hillbilly with a child bride".

During that time, Garland was still in her teens when she experienced her first serious adult romance with bandleader Artie Shaw. She was deeply devoted to him and was devastated in early 1940 when he eloped with Lana Turner.{{sfn|Frank|1975|pp=148–49}} In the early 1940s, Garland began a relationship with musician David Rose, 12 years her senior.{{Cite web |last=Nicolaou |first=Elena |date=September 26, 2019 |title=Inside Judy Garland's Five Marriages |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/09/8473185/judy-garland-husbands-married-divorce#slide-1 |access-date=November 11, 2024 |website=Refinery29 |language=en}} On her 18th birthday, he proposed to her. MGM disapproved of the relationship because, at the time, he was married to actress and singer Martha Raye. They agreed to wait a year to allow for his divorce to become final. During that time, Garland had a brief affair with songwriter Johnny Mercer. After her breakup with Mercer, Garland and Rose were wed on July 27, 1941, when Garland was only 19 years old.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=155}} The media called the relationship "a true rarity". Together, they moved into a house in Bel Air, Los Angeles, where Rose had room to build miniature trains in the backyard. Though life together was initially enjoyable, MGM still disapproved of the relationship and allegedly tried to separate them. They, along with Garland's mother, feared the relationship would ruin Garland's image.{{Cite web |last=Mosness |first=Carissa |date=October 19, 2024 |title=A Look at Judy Garland's 5 Marriages—From Romance to Heartbreak |url=https://www.womansworld.com/entertainment/celebrities/judy-garlands-marriages-a-timeline-of-her-5-husbands#:~:text=David%20Rose%20(1941%20to%201944)&text=Rose%20himself%20was%20also%20quite,just%20three%20years%20of%20marriage. |access-date=November 11, 2024 |website=Woman's World |language=en-US}} In 1941, while she was pregnant with Rose's child, Garland had an abortion at the insistence of her mother, Rose, and the studio executives, who disapproved of the pregnancy. According to Woman's World, Rose was even hostile toward Garland. The couple agreed to undergo a trial separation in January 1943 and they divorced in 1944.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=211}}

File:Judy Garland and Gene Kelly.png (1942)]]

In her next film, For Me and My Gal (1942), Garland performed with Gene Kelly in his first screen appearance. She was given the "glamor treatment" in Presenting Lily Mars (1943), in which she was dressed in "grown-up" gowns. Her lightened hair was also pulled up in a stylish fashion. However, no matter how glamorous or beautiful she appeared on screen or in photographs, she was never confident about her appearance and never escaped the "girl-next-door" image that the studio had created for her.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=175}} She had a second abortion in 1943 when she became pregnant during an affair with actor Tyrone Power.{{Cite magazine |author= |date=July 15, 2016 |title=Classic Hollywood's Secret: Studio executives Wanted Their Stars to Have Abortions |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/07/classic-hollywood-abortion |access-date=May 27, 2019 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en}}File:Judy Garland in Meet Me in St Louis trailer 2.jpg trailer (1944)|245x245px]]

One of Garland's most successful films for MGM was Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), in which she introduced three standards: "The Trolley Song", "The Boy Next Door" and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas". This was one of the first films in her career that gave her the opportunity to be the attractive leading lady. Vincente Minnelli was assigned to direct and he requested that make-up artist Dorothy Ponedel be assigned to Garland. Ponedel refined her appearance in several ways which included extending and reshaping her eyebrows, changing her hairline, modifying her lip line and removing her nose discs and dental caps. She appreciated the results so much that Ponedel was written into her contract for all her remaining pictures at MGM.{{Cite magazine |date=April 1, 2000 |title=Till MGM Do Us Part |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2000/04/judy-garland-excerpt-200004 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}

Around the same time, Garland had a brief affair with actor and film director Orson Welles, who was then married to actress Rita Hayworth. Garland and Welles ended the affair in early 1945 but remained on good terms afterwards.{{cite book |last=Leaming |first=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0879101997 |title=Orson Welles: A Biography |publisher=Limelight |year=2004 |pages=305 |orig-year=1985}}

File:Judy Garland The Harvey Girls MGM Publicity still.jpeg

During the filming of Meet Me in St. Louis, Garland and Minnelli had some initial conflicts, but they entered into a relationship and they got married on June 15, 1945.{{cite news|last=Hopper|first=Hedda|author-link=Hedda Hopper|title=No More Tears for Judy|work=Woman's Home Companion |date=September 1954}} On March 12, 1946, daughter Liza was born.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=223}}

The Clock (1945) was Garland's first straight dramatic film; Robert Walker was cast in the main male role. Though the film was critically praised and earned a profit, most movie fans expected her to sing. She did not act again in a non-singing dramatic role for many years. Garland's other films of the 1940s include The Harvey Girls (1946), in which she introduced the Academy Award-winning song "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", and Till the Clouds Roll By (1946).{{Cite web|title=AFI{{!}}Catalog|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/25018|access-date=November 27, 2021|website=catalog.afi.com}}

File:Trailer screenshot of Garland in The Pirate.png trailer (1948){{Efn|This particular scene was filmed in 1947.{{Cite web |title=The Pirate – The Judy Room |url=https://www.thejudyroom.com/filmography/the-pirate/ |access-date=December 19, 2024 |website=www.thejudyroom.com}}|name=}}]]

During the filming of The Pirate, Garland suffered a nervous breakdown and she was placed in a private sanatorium.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=108}} She was able to complete filming, but in July 1947 she made her first suicide attempt, making minor cuts to her wrist with a broken glass.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=231}} During this period, she spent two weeks in treatment at the Austen Riggs Center, a psychiatric hospital in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/judy-garland/career-timeline/601/ |title=Judy Garland – Career Timeline | American Masters |publisher=PBS |date=July 7, 2004 |access-date=April 3, 2010}} The Pirate was released in May 1948 and it was the first film which did not make a profit since Garland had starred in The Wizard of Oz. The main reasons for its failure were not only its cost but also included the increasing expense of the shooting delays while Garland was ill, as well as the general public's unwillingness to accept her in a sophisticated film. Following her work on The Pirate, she co-starred for the first and only time with Fred Astaire (who replaced Gene Kelly after Kelly had broken his ankle) in Easter Parade (1948), which was Hollywood's highest-grossing musical.{{cite news |title=When Hollywood's elite became obsessed with Freudian shrinks |url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/luxury/article/when-hollywoods-elite-became-obsessed-with-freudianshrinks-75khdc6ks |access-date=November 19, 2023 |work=The Times}}

File:Easter Parade.jpg]]

Thrilled by the huge box-office receipts of Easter Parade, MGM immediately teamed Garland and Astaire in The Barkleys of Broadway. During the initial filming, Garland was taking prescription barbiturate sleeping pills along with illicitly obtained pills containing morphine.{{Cite web|last=Clarke|first=Andrew|date=June 14, 2019|title=50 years on: Judy Garland self-destructive genius or the girl never allowed to grow up?|url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/things-to-do/the-tortured-genius-that-was-judy-garland-1407438|access-date=November 27, 2021|website=Eastern Daily Press|language=en-UK|archive-date=November 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127103650/https://www.edp24.co.uk/things-to-do/the-tortured-genius-that-was-judy-garland-1407438|url-status=dead}} Around this time, she also developed a serious problem with alcohol. These, in combination with migraine headaches, led her to miss several shooting days in a row. After being advised by her doctor that she would only be able to work in four- to five-day increments with extended rest periods between, MGM executive Arthur Freed made the decision to suspend her on July 18, 1948. She was replaced in the film by Ginger Rogers.{{sfn|Shipman|1992|p=225}}File:Judy Garland as Veronica Fisher.png trailer (1949)|258x258px]]When her suspension was over, she was summoned back to work and she ultimately performed two songs as a guest in the Rodgers and Hart biopic Words and Music (1948), which was her last appearance with Mickey Rooney. Despite the all-star cast, Words and Music barely broke even at the box office. Having regained her strength, as well as some needed weight during her suspension, Garland felt much better and in the fall of 1948, she returned to MGM to replace a pregnant June Allyson for the musical film In the Good Old Summertime (1949) co-starring Van Johnson. Although she was sometimes late arriving at the studio during the making of this picture, she managed to complete it five days ahead of schedule. Her daughter Liza made her film debut at the age of two and a half at the end of the film. In the Good Old Summertime was enormously successful at the box office.{{cite book|last1=Clarke|first1=Gerald|title=Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland|url=https://archive.org/details/gethappylifeofju00clar|url-access=registration|date=2000|publisher=Random House|page=[https://archive.org/details/gethappylifeofju00clar/page/240 240]|isbn=9780375503788}}

Garland was then cast in the film adaptation of Annie Get Your Gun in the title role of Annie Oakley. She was nervous at the prospect of taking on a role strongly identified with Ethel Merman, anxious about appearing in an unglamorous part after breaking from juvenile parts for several years and disturbed by her treatment at the hands of director Busby Berkeley. Berkeley was severe with Garland's lack of effort, attitude and enthusiasm. She complained to Mayer, trying to have Berkeley fired from the feature. She began arriving late to the set and sometimes failed to appear. At this time, she was also undergoing electroconvulsive therapy for depression.{{cite web

| title = Judy Garland's Legacy

| date=March 29, 1999

| publisher=CBS

| url =http://www.cbsnews.com/news/judy-garlands-legacy/

| access-date=July 5, 2015}}

{{cite news

| title = Judy Garland among long list of creative figures given ECT

| newspaper = The Scotsman

| url = http://www.scotsman.com/news/health/judy-garland-among-long-list-of-creative-figures-given-ect-1-2183163

| access-date = July 5, 2015

| archive-date = September 24, 2015

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135957/http://www.scotsman.com/news/health/judy-garland-among-long-list-of-creative-figures-given-ect-1-2183163

| url-status = dead

}}{{cite book|last1=Fricke|first1=John|title=Judy: A Legendary Film Career|date=2011|publisher=Running Press|page=286}} She was fired from the picture on May 10, 1949, and was replaced by Betty Hutton, who stepped in to perform all the musical routines as staged by Robert Alton.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=255}}

Garland underwent an extensive hospital stay at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, in which she was weaned off her medication and after a while, was able to eat and sleep normally.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}File:Garland on set.webp (1950)]]Garland returned to Los Angeles heavier and in the fall of 1949, she was cast opposite Gene Kelly in Summer Stock (1950). The film took six months to complete. To lose weight, Garland went back on the pills and the familiar pattern resurfaced. She began showing up late or not at all. When principal photography on Summer Stock was completed in the spring of 1950, it was decided that Garland needed an additional musical number. She agreed to do it provided the song was "Get Happy". In addition, she insisted that director Charles Walters choreograph and stage the number. By that time, Garland had lost 15 pounds and looked more slender. "Get Happy" was the last segment of Summer Stock to be filmed. It was her final picture for MGM. When it was released in the fall of 1950, Summer Stock drew big crowds and racked up very respectable box-office receipts, but because of the costly shooting delays caused by Garland, the film posted a loss of $80,000 to the studio.{{Citation | title = The Eddie Mannix Ledger | publisher = Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study | place = Los Angeles}}.

Garland was cast in the film Royal Wedding with Fred Astaire after June Allyson became pregnant in 1950. She failed to report to the set on multiple occasions and the studio suspended her contract on June 17, 1950. She was replaced by Jane Powell.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=271}} Reputable biographies following her death stated that after this latest dismissal, she slightly grazed her neck with a broken glass, requiring only a Band-Aid, but at the time, the public was informed that a despondent Garland had slashed her throat.{{cite news|last=Alexander|first=Shana|title=Judy's New Rainbow|magazine=Life|date=June 2, 1961}} "All I could see ahead was more confusion", Garland later said of this suicide attempt. "I wanted to black out the future as well as the past. I wanted to hurt myself and everyone who had hurt me."{{cite news|last=Hyams|first=Joe|author-link=Joe Hyams|title=Crack-Up

|work=Photoplay|date=January 1957}} In September 1950, after 15 years with the studio, Garland and MGM parted company.{{cite news|title=Judy Garland, M.G.M. Studio Call It Quits|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3121185/judy_garland_mgm_studio_call_it/|access-date=August 30, 2015|work=The San Bernardino Sun|publisher=The Sun Company of San Bernardino California|volume=57|issue=26|date=September 30, 1950|location=San Bernardino, California|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}{{sfn|Frank|1975|pp=284–285}}File:Judy Garland 1950 publicity photo.jpg

Garland was a frequent guest on Kraft Music Hall, hosted by her friend Bing Crosby. Following Garland's second suicide attempt, Crosby, knowing that she was depressed and running out of money, invited her on his radio show – the first of the new season – on October 11, 1950.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} {{Blockquote|text= She was standing in the wings of it trembling with fear. She was almost hysterical. She said, "I cannot go out there because they're all gonna be looking to see if there are scars and it's gonna be terrible." Bing said "What's going on?" and I told him what happened and he walked out on stage and he said: "We got a friend here, she's had a little trouble recently. You probably heard about it – everything is fine now, she needs our love. She needs our support. She's here – let's give it to her, OK? Here's Judy." And she came out and that place went crazy. And she just blossomed.|sign=Hal Kanter, Writer for Bing}}Garland made eight appearances during the 1950–51 season of The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show, which immediately reinvigorated her career. Soon after, she toured for four months to sell-out crowds in Europe.{{Cite episode |title=Bing Crosby Rediscovered |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/bing-crosby/full-film-bing-crosby-rediscovered/3605/ |series=American Masters |network=PBS |date=December 26, 2014 |season=28 |time=30:00 minutes in |language=en |access-date=August 23, 2015}} In 1951, Garland began a four-month concert tour of Britain and Ireland, where she played to sold-out audiences throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=304}} The successful concert tour was the first of her many comebacks, with performances centered on songs by Al Jolson and the revival of vaudevillian "tradition". Garland performed complete shows as tributes to Jolson in her concerts at the London Palladium in April and at New York's Palace Theater later that year.{{cite book |title=Music and the Racial Imagination |date=2000 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226702001 |editor-last=Radano |editor-first=Ronald |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=135}}File:Judygarland astarisborn warnerbros publicitystill 19542.jpgGarland said after the Palladium show: "I suddenly knew that this was the beginning of a new life ... Hollywood thought I was through; then came the wonderful opportunity to appear at the London Palladium, where I can truthfully say Judy Garland was reborn." Her appearances at the Palladium lasted for four weeks, where she received rave reviews and an ovation described by the Palladium manager as the loudest he had ever heard.{{cite news |date=April 10, 1951 |title=British Give Judy Garland Big Ovation |agency=Associated Press}}{{cite news |last=MacPherson |first=Virginia |date=April 10, 1951 |title=Judy Garland in Comeback with Palladium Contract |publisher=UPI}}

Garland's engagement at the Palace Theatre in Manhattan in October 1951 exceeded all previous records for the theater and for Garland and was called "one of the greatest personal triumphs in show business history".{{cite news |last=Garver |first=Jack |date=February 24, 1952 |title=Judy Garland Ends Triumphant Vaudeville Run |agency=United Press International}} Garland was honored with a Special Tony Award for her contribution to the revival of vaudeville.{{cite web |title=Judy Garland |url=http://www.tonyawards.com/p/tonys_search |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831204617/http://www.tonyawards.com/p/tonys_search |archive-date=August 31, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2007 |publisher=American Theatre Wing}}

Garland divorced Minnelli that same year.{{sfn|Juneau|1974|p=108}} On June 8, 1952, she married Sidney Luft, her tour manager and producer, in Hollister, California.{{cite news |last=Garver |first=Jack |date=June 12, 1952 |title=Judy Garland Married With Simple Ceremony |agency=United Press International}} On November 21, 1952, Garland gave birth to daughter Lorna Luft, who became an actress and singer. On March 29, 1955, she gave birth to her son Joey Luft.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=166}}

File:Garland Star Born recrop.jpg (1954)]]

Garland appeared with James Mason in the Warner Bros. film A Star Is Born (1954), the first remake of the 1937 film. She and Sidney Luft, her then-husband, produced the film through their production company, Transcona Enterprises, while Warner Bros. supplied finances, production facilities and crew.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=308}} Directed by George Cukor, it was a large undertaking to which she initially fully dedicated herself.{{cite web |title=Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles {{!}} National Film Preservation Board {{!}} Programs at the Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/descriptions-and-essays/ |website=Library of Congress, Washington, DC |access-date=March 23, 2020}}

As shooting progressed, however, she began making the same pleas of illness that she had so often made during her final films at MGM. Production delays led to cost overruns and angry confrontations with Warner Bros. head Jack L. Warner. Principal photography wrapped on March 17, 1954. At Luft's suggestion, the "Born in a Trunk" medley was filmed as a showcase for her and inserted over director Cukor's objections, who feared the additional length would lead to cuts in other areas. It was completed on July 29.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=319}}

Upon its world premiere on September 29, 1954, the film was met with critical and popular acclaim. Before its release, it was edited at the instruction of Jack Warner; theater operators, concerned that they were losing money because they were only able to run the film for three or four shows per day instead of five or six, pressured the studio to make additional reductions. After its first-run engagements, about 30 minutes of footage were cut, sparking outrage among critics and filmgoers. Although it was still popular, drawing huge crowds and grossing over $6 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|6|1954|r=1}} million in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}) in its first release, A Star is Born did not make back its cost and ended up losing money. As a result, the secure financial position Garland had expected from the profits did not materialize.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=325}} Transcona made no more films with Warner.{{sfn|Juneau|1974|p=126}}

File:Judy Garland filming A Star Is Born.jpg for A Star Is Born (1954)]]

Garland was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and, in the run-up to the 27th Academy Awards, was generally expected to win for A Star Is Born. She could not attend the ceremony because she had just given birth, so a television crew was in her hospital room with cameras and wires to broadcast her anticipated acceptance speech. The Oscar was won, however, by Grace Kelly for The Country Girl (1954). The camera crew packed up before Kelly could even reach the stage. Groucho Marx sent Garland a telegram after the awards ceremony, declaring her loss "the biggest robbery since Brinks".{{Cite web|title=Chicago Tribune: Chicago news, sports, weather, entertainment|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/|access-date=November 27, 2021|website=Chicago Tribune}} Time labeled her performance as "just about the greatest one-woman show in modern movie history".{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=326}} Garland won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the role.{{cite web|title=Judy Garland|publisher=Hollywood Foreign Press Association|url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/member/29377|access-date=December 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111182936/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/member/29377|archive-date=January 11, 2008}}

Garland's films after A Star Is Born included Judgment at Nuremberg (1961) (for which she was Oscar and Golden Globe-nominated for Best Supporting Actress),{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2013 |title=Gay Purr-ee (1962) |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17933/Judgment-at-Nuremberg/ |website=TCM}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} the animated feature Gay Purr-ee (1962) and A Child Is Waiting (1963) with Burt Lancaster. Her final film was I Could Go On Singing (1963) with Dirk Bogarde.{{Cite web|last1=Garland|first1=Judy|title=I Could Go on Singing|date=October 11, 1963|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057168/|work=IMDb|last2=Bogarde|last3=Klugman|last4=MacMahon|first2=Dirk|first3=Jack|first4=Aline|access-date=January 31, 2017}}

File:Judy Garland at Greek Theater.jpg (1957)]]

Garland appeared in a number of television specials beginning in 1955. The first was the 1955 debut episode of Ford Star Jubilee; this was the first full-scale color broadcast ever on CBS and was a ratings triumph, scoring a 34.8 Nielsen rating. She signed a three-year, {{US$|300000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|300000|1955|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) contract with the network. Only one additional special was broadcast in 1956, a live concert-edition of General Electric Theater, before the relationship between the Lufts and CBS broke down in a dispute over the planned format of upcoming specials.{{sfn|Sanders|1990|p=24}}

In 1956, Garland performed for four weeks at the New Frontier Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip for a salary of {{US$|55000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|55000|1956|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) per week, making her the highest-paid entertainer to work in Las Vegas.{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/judy-garland/about-judy-garland/600/ |title=Judy Garland – About Judy Garland | American Masters |publisher=PBS |date=July 7, 2004 |access-date=April 3, 2010}} Despite a brief bout of laryngitis, when Jerry Lewis filled in for her for one performance while she watched from a wheelchair, her performances there were so successful that her run was extended an extra week.{{sfn|Frank|1975|pp=420–21}} Later that year, she returned to the Palace Theatre, site of her two-a-day triumph. She opened in September, once again to rave reviews and popular acclaim.{{cite news

| title =Judy Reigns in Palace as Queen of New York

| publisher=UPI

| date =October 31, 1952

}}

In November 1959, Garland was hospitalized after she was diagnosed with acute hepatitis.{{cite news

| title =Judy Garland Said To Have Hepatitis

| publisher=UPI

| date =November 26, 1959

}} Over the next few weeks, several quarts of fluid were drained from her body until she was released from the hospital in January 1960, still in a weak condition. She was told by doctors that she probably had five years or less to live and that, even if she did survive, she would be a semi-invalid and would never sing again.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=347}} She initially felt "greatly relieved" at the diagnosis. "The pressure was off me for the first time in my life." However, she recovered over the next several months and in August of that year, returned to the stage of the Palladium. She felt so warmly embraced by the British that she announced her intention to move permanently to England.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=349}}

At the beginning of 1960, Garland signed a contract with Random House to write her autobiography. The book was to be called The Judy Garland Story and to be a collaboration with Fred F. Finklehoffe. Garland was paid an advance of {{US$|35000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|35000|1960|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) and she and Finklehoffe recorded conversations about her life to be used in producing a manuscript. Garland worked on her autobiography on and off throughout the 1960s, but never completed it. Portions of her unfinished autobiography were included in the 2014 biography, Judy Garland on Judy Garland: Interviews and Encounters by Randy L. Schmidt.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/judygarlanddayby00sche|title=Judy Garland : the day-by-day chronicle of a legend|first=Scott|last=Schechter|date=September 21, 2018|publisher=New York : Cooper Square Press; [Lanham, MD] : Distributed by National Book Network|isbn=9780815412052|via=Internet Archive}}{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdrvjgEACAAJ | title=Judy Garland on Judy Garland: Interviews and Encounters| isbn=978-1613735466| last1=Schmidt| first1=Randy L| year= 2016| publisher=Chicago Review Press, Incorporated|via=Google Books}}

Her concert appearance at Carnegie Hall on April 23, 1961, was a considerable highlight, called by many "the greatest night in show business history".{{cite news

| last =Cox

| first =Gordon

| title =Rufus Over The Rainbow

| work=Variety

| date =May 28, 2006

| url=https://variety.com/2006/legit/news/rufus-over-the-rainbow-1200335455/ |access-date=January 23, 2014}} The two-record album Judy at Carnegie Hall was certified gold, charting for 95 weeks on Billboard, including 13 weeks at number one. It won four Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, Best Female Vocal of the Year, Best Album Cover, and Best Engineering Contribution.{{Cite web |title=4th Annual GRAMMY Awards {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/awards/4th-annual-grammy-awards |access-date=June 22, 2024 |website=grammy.com}}

File:Dean Martin, Judy Garland and Frank Sinatra in 1962.jpg, Garland and Frank Sinatra on the 1962 television special The Judy Garland Show]]

In 1961, Garland and CBS settled their contract disputes with the help of her new agent, Freddie Fields, and negotiated a new round of specials. The first, titled The Judy Garland Show, aired on February 25, 1962,{{cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/judy-frank-dean-once-in-a-lifetime/|title=Judy, Frank & Dean – Once in a Lifetime (1962)|website=Letterboxd.com}} and featured guests Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin.{{sfn|Sanders|1990|p=29}} Following this success, CBS made a $24 million offer (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|24|1962|r=1}} million in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}) to her for a weekly television series of her own, also to be called The Judy Garland Show, which was deemed at the time in the press to be "the biggest talent deal in TV history". Although she had said as early as 1955 that she would never do a weekly television series,{{cite news|last=Parsons|first=Louella|author-link=Louella Parsons|title=TV Spectacular Gives New Rainbow to Judy|work=The Daily Review|date =September 23, 1955}} in the early 1960s, she was in a financially precarious situation. She was several hundred thousand dollars in debt to the Internal Revenue Service, having failed to pay taxes in 1951 and 1952 and the failure of A Star is Born meant that she received nothing from that investment.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=175}}

Following a third special, Judy Garland and Her Guests Phil Silvers and Robert Goulet, Garland's weekly series debuted September 29, 1963.{{sfn|Sanders|1990|p=391}} The Judy Garland Show was critically praised,{{sfn|Sanders|1990|pp=108–09}}{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Richard Warren|title=The TV Troubles of Judy Garland|work=The Saturday Evening Post|date=December 7, 1963}} but for a variety of reasons (including being placed in the time slot opposite Bonanza on NBC), the show lasted only one season and was canceled in 1964 after 26 episodes. Despite its short run, the series was nominated for four Emmy Awards, including Best Variety Series.{{cite web|title=The Judy Garland Show|publisher=Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|url=http://www.emmys.com/shows/judy-garland-show|access-date=January 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115820/http://www.emmys.com/shows/judy-garland-show|archive-date=January 14, 2017|url-status=live}}

During this time, Garland had a six-month affair with actor Glenn Ford. Garland's biographer Gerald Clarke, Ford's son Peter, singer Mel Tormé, and her husband Sid Luft wrote about the affair in their respective biographies. The relationship began in 1963 while Garland was doing her television show. Ford would attend tapings of the show sitting in the front row while Garland sang. Ford is credited with giving Garland one of the more stable relationships of her later life. The affair was ended by Ford (a notorious womanizer, according to his son Peter) when he realized Garland wanted to marry him.{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Ford|author-link=Peter Ford (actor)|title=Glenn Ford: A Life (Wisconsin Film Studies)|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison, Wisconsin|date=2011|pages=209, 210, 211|isbn=978-0-29928-154-0}}File:Backstage with Judy Garland and her kids.png

As she rose to fame, Garland's personal life became a complex blend of public adoration and private struggles. Her career, while filled with legendary performances, was often overshadowed by her ongoing battles with self-image, addiction, and mental health, which were exacerbated by Hollywood's grueling expectations.{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2019 |title=The day Judy Garland's star burned out |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/the-day-judy-garlands-star-burned-out |access-date=January 17, 2025 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}} Garland was married five times and had three children: Liza Minnelli (with director Vincente Minnelli), and Lorna Luft and Joey Luft (with producer Sidney Luft).{{Cite web |title=Who Were Judy Garland's Husbands? All About the Star's 5 Marriages — and Why Her Final 3-Month Romance Gave Her a 'Rich Life' |url=https://people.com/all-about-judy-garland-husbands-8695197 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |website=People.com |language=en}} Her relationships were often turbulent, influenced by her intense fame and personal challenges.{{Cite magazine |last=Meares |first=Hadley Hall |date=July 25, 2024 |title=Rainbow's End: Judy Garland's Triumphs and Tragedies |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/rainbows-end-judy-garlands-triumphs-and-tragedies |access-date=January 17, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}

Despite her struggles, Garland had a deep bond with her children, who would each go on to develop a connection to the entertainment industry. Garland's resilience through hardship, paired with her immense talent, secured her a lasting place in popular culture and a legacy that continues.{{Cite web |last=Talmon |first=Noelle |date=November 27, 2022 |title=The Sad Truth About Judy Garland's Marriages |url=https://www.grunge.com/1115582/the-sad-truth-about-judy-garlands-marriages/ |website=Grunge}}{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=John |date=April 10, 2024 |title=What Happened to Judy Garland? A Look at the Tragic Life of a Hollywood Icon |url=https://omgstaffs.com/what-happened-to-judy-garland/ |website=OMG Staff}}

Garland was a life-long and active Democrat. During her lifetime, she was a member of the Hollywood Democratic committee and a financial and moral supporter of various causes, including the Civil Rights Movement. She donated money to the campaigns of Democratic presidential candidates Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson II, John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and Progressive candidate Henry A. Wallace.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShcCbLFdwpoC&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA45|title=Hollywood's New Deal|first=Giulana|last=Muscio|date=2010|publisher=Temple University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1439904824}}{{cite web|url=http://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/hollywood-democratic-committee/election-campaigns|title=Election Campaigns|website=Wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu|access-date=July 21, 2017|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142829/http://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/hollywood-democratic-committee/election-campaigns|url-status=dead}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz6vYqLoJGgC&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA43|title=Celebrity Politics|first=Mark|last=Wheeler|year=2013|publisher=Polity|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0745652481}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzcZXEAyzB8C&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA232|title=FDR, Dewey and the Election of 1944|first=David M.|last=Jordan|year=2017|publisher=Indiana University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0253356833}}

In April 1944, Garland escorted Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis Sr. to a reception honoring the general at the home of Ira Gershwin. Davis, the first black general and highest-ranking black officer in the U.S. military, was in Los Angeles for the premiere of Frank Capra's documentary about black Americans serving in World War II. In September 1947, Garland joined the Committee for the First Amendment, a group formed by Hollywood celebrities in support of the Hollywood Ten during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives led by J. Parnell Thomas. HUAC was formed to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having communist ties. The Committee for the First Amendment sought to protect the civil liberties of those accused.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLK8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297 |page=297 |author=Joseph C. Goulden |title=The Best Years, 1945–1950 |date=2019 |publisher=Courier Dover |isbn=9780486838267}}

Other members included Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Dorothy Dandridge, John Garfield, Katharine Hepburn, Lena Horne, John Huston, Gene Kelly and Billy Wilder. Garland took part in recording an all-star radio broadcast on October 26, 1947, Hollywood Fights Back, during which she exhorted listeners to action: "Before every free conscience in America is subpoenaed, please speak up! Say your piece! Write your congressman a letter{{snd}}air mail special. Let the Congress know what you think of its Un-American Committee."

Garland was a friend of President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline Kennedy and she often vacationed in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. The house she stayed in during her vacations in Hyannis Port is known today as The Judy Garland House because of her association with the property.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/memyshadowsfamil00luft|title=Me and my shadows: a family memoir|first=Lorna|last=Luft|date=1998|publisher=New York: Pocket Books|isbn=9780671018993|via=Internet Archive}} Garland would call Kennedy weekly, often ending her phone calls by singing the first few lines of "Over the Rainbow".{{cite web | url=https://people.com/books/guess-which-song-jfk-asked-judy-garland-to-sing-to-him-over-the-telephone/ | title=JFK Asked Judy Garland to Sing This Song over the Phone }}{{cite news | url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/judy-garland-put-jfk-to-bed-at-night-by-singing-over-the-rainbow | title=Judy Garland Put JFK to Bed at Night by Singing 'Over the Rainbow' | newspaper=The Daily Beast | date=April 8, 2015 | last1=Heeley | first1=Joan Kramer }}

On August 28, 1963, Garland and other celebrities such as James Garner, Josephine Baker, Sidney Poitier, Lena Horne, Paul Newman, Rita Moreno and Sammy Davis Jr. took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a demonstration organized to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. She had been photographed by the press in Los Angeles earlier in the month alongside Eartha Kitt, Marlon Brando and Charlton Heston as they planned their participation in the march on the nation's capital.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

On September 16, 1963, Garland{{snd}}along with daughter Liza Minnelli, Carolyn Jones, June Allyson and Allyson's daughter Pam Powell{{snd}}held a press conference to protest the recent bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, that resulted in the death of four young African American girls. They expressed their shock and outrage at the attack and requested funds for the families of the victims. Powell and Minnelli both announced their intention to attend the funeral of the victims during the press conference.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/meeting-with-the-press-actresses-carolyn-jones-june-allison-news-photo/515512382|title=Meeting with the press actresses Carolyn Jones June Allison and Judy...|website=Getty Images|date=March 12, 2016 }}{{cite web|url=https://judygarlandnews.com/2018/06/03/on-this-day-in-judy-garlands-life-and-career-june-3/|title=On This Day In Judy Garland's Life And Career |date=June 3, 2018}}

In 1963, Garland sued Sidney Luft for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty. She also asserted that he had repeatedly struck her while he was drinking and that he had attempted to take their children from her by force.{{cite news|title=Judy Wins Divorce From Sid Luft|work=Wisconsin State Journal|date=May 20, 1965}} She had filed for divorce from Luft on several previous occasions, even as early as 1956, but they had reconciled each time.{{cite news|last=Irwin|first=Elson|title=Judy Garland: Femme Fatale|work=Stars and Stripes|date=November 17, 1968}}

File:Mickey Deans Judy Garland Allan Warren.jpg and Garland at their London wedding in March 1969, three months before her death]]

After her television series was canceled, Garland returned to work on the stage. She returned to the London Palladium performing with her 18-year-old daughter Liza Minnelli in November 1964. The concert was also shown on the British television network ITV and it was one of her final appearances at the venue. She made guest appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show and The Tonight Show. Garland guest-hosted an episode of The Hollywood Palace with Vic Damone. She was invited back for a second episode in 1966 with Van Johnson as her guest. Problems with Garland's behavior ended her Hollywood Palace guest appearances.{{sfn|DiOrio|1973|p=202}}

A 1964 tour of Australia ended badly. Garland's first two concerts in Sydney were held in the Sydney Stadium because no concert hall could accommodate the overflow crowds who wanted to see her. Both went well and received positive reviews. Her third performance, in Melbourne, started an hour late. The crowd of 7,000 was angered by her tardiness and believed that she was drunk; they booed and heckled her and she fled the stage after 45 minutes.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=213}} She later characterized the Melbourne crowd as "brutish".{{cite news|last=Garland|first=Judy|title=The Plot Against Judy Garland|work=Ladies' Home Journal|date=August 1967}} Garland's Melbourne appearance gained a negative press response.{{cite news|title=Judy Garland Locks Self in Hotel Room|work=Stars and Stripes|agency=UPI|date=May 24, 1964}}

Garland's tour promoter Mark Herron announced that they had married aboard a freighter off the coast of Hong Kong. However, she was not officially divorced from Luft at the time the ceremony was performed.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=214}} The divorce became final on May 19, 1965, and she and Herron did not legally marry until November 14, 1965; they separated five months later.{{sfn|Frank|1975|p=556}} During their divorce, Garland testified that Herron had beaten her. Herron claimed that he "only hit her in self defense".{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-01-19-me-26521-story.html|title=Obituaries : Mark Herron; Judy Garland's Fourth Husband|date=January 19, 1996|website=Los Angeles Times}}

For much of her career throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, husband Sidney Luft had been her manager. However, Garland eventually parted ways with Luft professionally, signing with agents Freddie Fields and David Begelman. By the fall of 1966, Garland had also parted ways with Fields and Begelman. Fields's and Begelman's mismanagement of Garland's money, as well as their embezzlement of much of her earnings, resulted in her owing around {{US$|500000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|500000|1966|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) in total in personal debts and in debts to the IRS. The IRS placed tax liens on her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, her recording contract with Capitol Records, and any other business deals from which she could derive an income.{{cite web|url=http://www.thejudyroom.com/garlandsforjudy/Garlands-For-Judy-August-2017.pdf|title=Judy at the Palace 50th Anniversary|website=Thejudyroom.com|access-date=August 13, 2018}}

Garland was left in a desperate situation that saw her sell her Brentwood home at a price far below its value. She was then cast in February 1967 in the role of Helen Lawson in Valley of the Dolls by 20th Century Fox.{{sfn|Seaman|1996|pp=292–93}} According to co-star Patty Duke, Garland was treated poorly by director Mark Robson on the set of Valley of the Dolls and was primarily hired to augment publicity for the film.{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N9AAnnxpS8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/3N9AAnnxpS8| archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Patty Duke on Judy Garland in Valley of the Dolls @ Castro Theatre Event!|first=Marc|last=Huestis|date=August 28, 2009|access-date=August 13, 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} After Garland's dismissal from the film, author Jacqueline Susann said in the 1967 television documentary Jacqueline Susann and the Valley of the Dolls, "I think Judy will always come back. She kids about making a lot of comebacks, but I think Judy has a kind of a thing where she has to get to the bottom of the rope and things have to get very, very rough for her. Then with an amazing inner strength that only comes of a certain genius, she comes back bigger than ever".{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dejC_A-Cp3w |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/dejC_A-Cp3w| archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live|title="Jacqueline Susann & The Valley of The Dolls" 1967 Documentary|last=The Concluding Chapter of Crawford|date=August 31, 2018|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

Returning to the stage, Garland made one of her last U.S. appearances at New York's Palace Theatre in July 1967, a 27-show stand, performing with her children Lorna and Joey Luft. She wore a sequined pantsuit on stage for this tour; the pantsuit was part of the original wardrobe for her character in Valley of the Dolls.{{sfn|Shipman|1992|p=494}} Garland earned more than {{US$|200000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|200000|1967|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) from her final run at New York's Palace Theatre from her 75% share of the profits generated by her engagement there. On closing night at the Palace, federal tax agents seized the majority of her earnings.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMtT0rOMyS4C&pg=PA351|title=Judy Garland: The Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Legend|first=Scott|last=Schechter|year=2006|publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing|access-date=August 13, 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1461635550}}

By early 1969, Garland's health had deteriorated. She performed in London at the Talk of the Town nightclub for a five-week run{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=412}} in which she was paid £2,500 per week, and made her last concert appearance in Copenhagen during March 1969.{{sfn|DiOrio|1973|p=204}} After her divorce from Herron had been finalized on February 11, she married her fifth and final husband, nightclub manager Mickey Deans, at Chelsea Register Office, London, on March 15.{{sfn|Edwards|1975|p=275}}

Garland was found dead by Deans in the bathroom of her rented house in Cadogan Lane, Belgravia, London, on June 22, 1969, at age 47. At the inquest, Coroner Gavin Thurston stated that the cause of death was "an incautious self-overdosage" of barbiturates; her blood contained the equivalent of ten {{convert|1.5|gr|mg|adj=on|lk=in}} Seconal capsules.{{sfn|Clarke|2001|p=422}} Thurston stressed that the overdose had been unintentional and no evidence suggested that she had intended to kill herself. Garland's autopsy showed no inflammation of her stomach lining and no drug residue in her stomach, which indicated that the drug had been ingested over a long period of time, rather than in a single dose. Her death certificate stated that her death was "accidental".{{cite web|title=Judy Garland The Live Performances. The End of the Rainbow |url=http://users.deltacomm.com/rainbowz/eotr.html|access-date=February 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126123423/http://users.deltacomm.com/rainbowz/eotr.html|archive-date=January 26, 2008}} citing the United Press International article "Judy Took Too Many Pills" and containing a copy of Garland's death certificate. Supporting the accidental cause, Garland's physician noted that a prescription of 25 barbiturate pills was found by her bedside half-empty and another bottle of 100 barbiturate pills was still unopened.{{cite magazine|last=Schulberg|first=Bud|title=A Farewell to Judy|magazine=Life|date=July 11, 1969|page=27}}

A British specialist who had attended Garland's autopsy stated that she had nevertheless been living on borrowed time owing to cirrhosis, although a second autopsy conducted later reported no evidence of alcoholism or cirrhosis.{{cite news |date=June 24, 1969 |title=Judy Garland Believed Killed by Overdose |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-judy-garland-believed-ki/157892328/ |access-date=October 26, 2024 |work=St. Petersburg Times |pages=2 |via=Newspapers.com |agency=Times Wire Services}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRpn-KHdJosC&q=judy%20garland%20cirrhosis%20autopsy&pg=PA37 |title=Judy: A Legendary Film Career |last=Fricke |first=John |publisher=Running Press |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7624-4368-0 |page=37}} Her Wizard of Oz co-star Ray Bolger commented at her funeral, "She just plain wore out."{{cite magazine|title=Singers: End of the Rainbow|magazine=Time|date=July 4, 1969|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html|access-date=January 21, 2016|archive-date=March 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310205305/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html|url-status=dead}}

After Garland's body had been embalmed and clothed in the same gray, silk gown she wore at her wedding to Deans, Deans traveled with her remains to New York City on June 26, 1969, where an estimated 20,000 people lined up to pay their respects at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel in Manhattan, which remained open all night long to accommodate the overflowing crowd. On June 27, 1969, her A Star Is Born co-star James Mason gave a eulogy at the funeral, an Episcopal service led by the Rev. Peter Delaney of St Marylebone Parish Church, London, who had officiated at her marriage to Deans, three months earlier.{{cite news|title=End of the Rainbow|magazine=Time|date=July 4, 1969|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 30, 2007|access-date=December 18, 2007}} {{cite news|last=Van Gelder|first=Lawrence|title=Judy Garland's Funeral Draws Her Colleagues|work=The New York Times: Books|date=June 28, 1969|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/09/specials/garland-funeral.html|access-date =August 12, 2010}} "Judy's great gift", Mason said in his eulogy, "was that she could wring tears out of hearts of rock{{nbsp}}... She gave so richly and so generously, that there was no currency in which to repay her."{{cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/09/specials/garland-funeral.html|title=Judy Garland's Funeral Draws Her Colleagues|date=June 28, 1969|first=Lawrence|last=Van Gelder|newspaper=The New York Times}} The public and press were barred. She was interred in a crypt in the community mausoleum at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, a town {{convert|24|mi|km}} north of midtown Manhattan.{{cite web|title=Celebrities & Notables Interred at Ferncliff|url=http://www.ferncliffcemetery.com/about/celebrities.php|website=Ferncliff Cemetery|access-date=June 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055150/http://www.ferncliffcemetery.com/about/celebrities.php|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}

Upon Garland's death, despite having earned millions during her career, her estate came to {{US$|40000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|40000|1969|r=-4|fmt=eq}}). Years of criminal mismanagement of her financial affairs by her representatives and staff, along with her generosity toward her family and various causes, resulted in her poor financial situation at the end of her life. In her last will, signed and sealed in early 1961, Garland made many generous bequests that could not be fulfilled because her estate had been in debt for many years. Her daughter, Liza Minnelli, worked to pay off her mother's debts with the help of family friend Frank Sinatra.{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/wherethereswillw0000silv|title=Where there's a will-- : who inherited what and why|first=Stephen M.|last=Silverman|author-link=Stephen M. Silverman|date=1991|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York City|isbn=9780060162603|via=Internet Archive}} In 1978, a selection of Garland's personal items was auctioned off by her ex-husband Sidney Luft with the support of their daughter Lorna and their son Joey. Almost 500 items, ranging from copper cookware to musical arrangements, were offered for sale. The auction raised {{US$|250000}} ({{Inflation|US-GDP|250000|1978|r=-4|fmt=eq}}) for her heirs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/11/29/archives/judy-garland-auction-fetches-250000-most-wanted-a-memento-affluence.html|title=Judy Garland Auction Fetches $250,000|first=Aljean|last=Harmetz|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 29, 1978}}

At the request of her children, Garland's remains were disinterred from Ferncliff Cemetery in January 2017 and re-interred {{convert|2800|mi|km}} across the country at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles.{{cite news|url=http://people.com/movies/judy-garlands-remains-hollywood-forever-cemetery/|title=Judy Garland's Remains Moved From New York Burial Place to L.A.'s Hollywood Forever Cemetery|last1=Gomez|first1=Patrick|last2=Mizoguchi|first2=Karen|work=People|date=January 26, 2017|access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930064602/http://people.com/movies/judy-garlands-remains-hollywood-forever-cemetery/ |archive-date=September 30, 2019}}

File:Judy Garland-Bob Cosby.JPG in Presenting Lily Mars trailer (1943)]]

Garland possessed a contralto singing voice,{{cite web|url=https://www.popdust.com/happy-birthday-judy-garland-did-you-know-her-most-famous-song-almost-w-1889713340.html|title=Happy Birthday Judy Garland! Did You Know Her Most Famous Song Almost Wasn't?|date=June 10, 2013|website=Popdust|access-date=April 2, 2018|archive-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173715/https://www.popdust.com/happy-birthday-judy-garland-did-you-know-her-most-famous-song-almost-w-1889713340.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sopm.gg/singing-voice-types-explained-females/|title=Different Singing Voice Types Explained – Part 1: Females|date=March 29, 2017|website=School of Popular Music|access-date=April 2, 2018|archive-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403083340/http://www.sopm.gg/singing-voice-types-explained-females/|url-status=dead}} described as brassy, powerful, effortless and resonant,{{cite web|last=Trussell|first=Robert|date=August 16, 2014|title=Judy Garland: Frozen in time, looking over the rainbow|url=http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/wizard-of-oz/article1240281.html|access-date=April 2, 2018|website=The Kansas City Star}} often demonstrating a tremulous,{{cite web|last=Riggs|first=Jonathan|title=Judy Garland Biography|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/68689%7C90673/Judy-Garland/|access-date=April 2, 2018|website=Turner Classic Movies}} powerful vibrato.{{cite web|url=http://inspirer.life/home/2017/07/spotlight-lady-heroes-judy-garland/|title=Spotlight on Lady Heroes: Judy Garland|last=Krueger|first=Cortney|date=July 25, 2017|website=Inspirer.life|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918042630/http://inspirer.life/home/2017/07/spotlight-lady-heroes-judy-garland/|archive-date=September 18, 2017|url-status=usurped|access-date=April 2, 2018}} Although her range was comparatively small, Garland was capable of alternating between female and male-sounding timbres with little effort. The Richmond Times-Dispatch correspondent Tony Farrell wrote she possessed "a deep, velvety contralto voice that could turn on a dime to belt out the high notes".{{cite web|last=Farrell|first=Tony|date=May 13, 2014|title=Theater review: 'Beyond the Rainbow' plots Judy Garland's heartbreaking journey|url=http://www.richmond.com/entertainment/theater/theater-review-beyond-the-rainbow-plots-judy-garland-s-heartbreaking/article_d61fa9f4-dace-11e3-af35-0017a43b2370.html|access-date=April 2, 2018|website=Richmond Times-Dispatch}} Ron O'Brien, producer of tribute album The Definitive Collection – Judy Garland (2006), wrote the singer's combination of natural phrasing, elegant delivery, mature pathos "and powerful dramatic dynamics she brings to ... songs make her [renditions] the definitive interpretations".{{cite web|last=E. Dowlin|first=Joan|date=December 31, 2010|title=Remembering Judy Garland|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/joan-e-dowlin/remembering-judy-garland_b_802551.html|access-date=April 3, 2018|website=The Huffington Post|quote=Her voice sounds very mature for her age}}

The Huffington Post writer Joan E. Dowlin called the period of Garland's music career between 1937 and 1945 the "innocent years", during which the critic believes the singer's "voice was vibrant and her musical expression exuberant", taking note of its resonance and distinct, "rich yet sweet" quality "that grabs you and pulls you in". Garland's voice would often vary to suit the song she was interpreting, ranging from soft, engaging and tender during ballads to humorous on some of her duets with other artists. Her more joyful, belted performances have been compared to entertainers Sophie Tucker, Ethel Merman and Al Jolson. Although her musical repertoire consisted largely of cast recordings, show tunes and traditional pop standards, Garland was also capable of singing soul, blues and jazz music, which Dowlin compared to singer Elvis Presley.

Garland always claimed that her talent as a performer was inherited, saying: "Nobody ever taught me what to do onstage." Critics agree that, even when she debuted as a child,{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/judy-garland-mn0000246523/biography|title=Judy Garland |last=Ruhlmann|first=William|website=AllMusic|access-date=April 4, 2018}} Garland had always sounded mature for her age,{{cite web|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/judy-garlands-rustic-home-bel-air|title=Look Inside Judy Garland's Rustic Home in Bel Air|last=Clarke|first=Gerald|date=September 16, 2016|website=Architectural Digest|access-date=April 4, 2018}} particularly on her earlier recordings. From an early age, Garland had been billed as "the little girl with the leather lungs",{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/06/books/valley-of-the-doll.html|title=Valley of the Doll|last=Paglia|first=Camille|date=1993|website=The New York Times|access-date=April 2, 2018}} a designation the singer later admitted to having felt humiliated by because she would have much preferred to have been known to audiences as a "pretty" or "nice little girl".{{cite web|url=http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2017/10/16/culture/movies/struggles-judy-garland.html|title=The Struggles of Judy Garland|last=Shipp|first=Cameron|date=October 16, 2017|website=The Saturday Evening Post|access-date=April 2, 2018}}

Jessel recalled that, even at only 12 years old, Garland's singing voice resembled that of "a woman with a heart that had been hurt". The Kansas City Star contributor Robert Trussel cited Garland's singing voice among the reasons why her role in The Wizard of Oz remains memorable, writing that although "She might have been made up and costumed to look like a little girl ... she didn't sing like one" due to her "powerful contralto command[ing] attention".

File:Meet Me In St Louis Judy Garland Margaret O'Brien 1944.jpg in a publicity photo for Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)]]

Camille Paglia, writing for The New York Times, joked that even in Garland's adult life, "her petite frame literally throbbed with her huge voice", making it appear as though she were "at war with her own body". Musical theater actress and director Donna Thomason opined that Garland was an "effective" performer because of her ability to make her singing voice "a natural extension of [her] speaking voice", an asset that Thomason believed all musical theater actors should at least strive to achieve. Trussel agreed that "Garland's singing voice sounded utterly natural. It never seemed forced or overly trained."

Writing for Turner Classic Movies, biographer Jonathan Riggs observed that Garland had a tendency to imbue her vocals with a paradoxical combination of "fragility and resilience" that eventually became a signature trademark of hers. This signature style of her performances used to be marked with power in her voice, pronounced enunciation and projecting a sense of vulnerability through her singing and body language.{{cite book |last=Betancourt |first=M |date=2020 |title=Judy Garland's Judy at Carnegie Hall|location=United Kingdom |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781501355110}} Michael Bronski writes in his book, Culture Clash,

There was a hurt in her voice and an immediacy to her performance that gave the impression that it was her pain.{{cite book |last=Bronski |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Bronski |date=1984 |title=Culture Clash: The Making of Gay Sensibility |location=United Kingdom |publisher=South End Press |page=103 |isbn=9780896082175}}

{{main|List of Judy Garland performances#Filmography}}

{{main article|Judy Garland discography}}

Studio albums

• The Wizard of Oz (with Victor Young and his orchestra) (1939)
• Girl Crazy (1944)
• Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
• Miss Show Business (1955)
• Judy (1956)
• Alone (1957)
• Judy in Love (1958)
• The Letter (1959)
• That's Entertainment! (1960)
• The Garland Touch (1962)

Garland was nearly as famous for her personal struggles in everyday life as she was for her entertainment career.{{cite web|last=Paglia|first=Camille|author-link=Camille Paglia|date=June 14, 1998|title=Judy Garland As a Force Of Nature|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/arts/judy-garland-as-a-force-of-nature.html|access-date=April 2, 2018|website=The New York Times}} She has been closely associated with her carefully cultivated girl next door image. Early in her career during the 1930s, Garland's public image had earned her the title "America's favorite kid sister", as well as the title "Little Miss Showbusiness".{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/1993/07/09/judy-garland-secret-life-legend/|title=Judy Garland: The Secret Life of a Legend|last=Lyons|first=Gene|date=July 9, 1993|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=April 2, 2018}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQVQDwAAQBAJ&q=Little%20Miss%20Showbusiness%20judy%20garland&pg=PT259|title=Judy & I: My Life with Judy Garland|last=Luft|first=Sid|publisher=Omnibus Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1787590724|location=United Kingdom|via=Google Books}}

In a review for the Star Tribune, Graydon Royce wrote that Garland's public image remained that of "a Midwestern girl who couldn't believe where she was", despite having been a well-established celebrity for over 20 years.{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/judy-garland-at-the-end/138166284/|title=Judy Garland at the end|last=Royce|first=Gradon|date=February 6, 2012|website=Star Tribune|access-date=April 3, 2018}} Royce believes that fans and audiences insisted on preserving their memory of Garland as Dorothy no matter how much she matured, calling her "a captive not of her own desire to stay young, but a captive of the public's desire to preserve her that way". Thus, the studio continued to cast Garland in roles that were significantly younger than her actual age.

File:Judy Garland enjoying herself.png

According to Malony, Garland was one of Hollywood's hardest-working performers during the 1940s, which Malony claims she used as a coping mechanism after her first marriage imploded. However, studio employees recall that Garland had a tendency to be quite intense, headstrong and volatile; Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend author David Shipman claims that several individuals were frustrated by Garland's "narcissism" and "growing instability", while millions of fans found her public demeanor and psychological state to be "fragile", appearing neurotic in interviews.

MGM reports that Garland was consistently tardy and demonstrated erratic behavior, which resulted in several delays and disruptions to filming schedules until she was finally dismissed from the studio, which had deemed her unreliable and difficult to manage. Farrell called Garland "A grab bag of contradictions" which "has always been a feast for the American imagination", describing her public persona as "awkward yet direct, bashful yet brash". Describing the singer as "Tender and endearing yet savage and turbulent", Paglia wrote that Garland "cut a path of destruction through many lives. And out of that chaos, she made art of still-searing intensity." Calling her "a creature of extremes, greedy, sensual and demanding, gluttonous for pleasure and pain", Paglia also compared Garland to entertainer Frank Sinatra due to their shared "emblematic personality ... into whom the mass audience projected its hopes and disappointments", while observing that she lacked Sinatra's survival skills.

Despite her success as a performer, Garland suffered from low self-esteem, particularly with regard to her weight, which she constantly dieted to maintain at the behest of the studio and Mayer; critics and historians believe this was a result of having been told that she was an "ugly duckling" by studio executives. Entertainment Weekly columnist Gene Lyons observed that both audiences and fellow members of the entertainment industry "tended either to love her or to hate her".

At one point, Stevie Phillips, who had worked as an agent for Garland for four years, described her client as "a demented, demanding, supremely talented drug-addict". Royce argues that Garland maintained "astonishing strength and courage", even during difficult times. English actor Dirk Bogarde once called Garland "the funniest woman I have ever met". Ruhlmann wrote that the singer's personal life "contrasted so starkly with the exuberance and innocence of her film roles".

Despite her personal struggles, Garland disagreed with the public's opinion that she was a tragic figure. Her younger daughter Lorna agreed that Garland "hated" being referred to as a tragic figure, explaining, "We all have tragedies in our lives, but that does not make us tragic. She was funny and she was warm and she was wonderfully gifted. She had great highs and great moments in her career. She also had great moments in her personal life. Yes, we lost her at 47 years old. That was tragic. But she was not a tragic figure." Ruhlmann argues that Garland actually used the public's opinion of her tragic image to her advantage towards the end of her career.

{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Judy Garland}}

File:Garland & Rooney.jpg watching Garland put her handprint into concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theatre, 1939]]

File:Judy Garland star HWF.JPG on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: She has another for recording at 6764 Hollywood Boulevard.]]

By the time of her death in 1969, Garland had appeared in more than 35 films. She has been called one of the greats of entertainment and her reputation has endured.{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodsgoldenage.com/actors/garland.html|title=Judy Garland (1922–1969)|last=Whiteley|first=Chris|website=Hollywood's Golden Age|access-date=July 2, 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://dangerousminds.net/comments/watch_judy_garland_sing_her_heart_out_for_jfk|title=Stop What You're Doing Right Now and Watch Judy Garland Sing Her Heart Out for the Late JFK|date=June 4, 2015|website=Dangerous Minds|access-date=July 2, 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheryse.com/judy-garland/|title=Women's History Month Spotlight: Judy Garland|last=Carlington|first=Taylor|website=RYSE|publisher=RYSE Interactive, Inc|access-date=July 2, 2016|archive-date=March 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050500/http://www.ontheryse.com/judy-garland/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/judy-garland-vegetable-salad/|title=Judy Garland and Her Favorite Vegetable Salad|last=Avey|first=Tori|date=June 9, 2014|website=PBS|access-date=April 3, 2018}} In 1992, Gerald Clarke of Architectural Digest dubbed Garland "probably the greatest American entertainer of the twentieth century". O'Brien believes that "No one in the history of Hollywood ever packed the musical wallop that Garland did", explaining, "She had the biggest, most versatile voice in movies. Her Technicolor musicals... defined the genre. The songs she introduced were Oscar gold. Her film career frames the Golden Age of Hollywood musicals."

Turner Classic Movies dubbed Garland "history's most poignant voice". Entertainment Weekly's Gene Lyons dubbed Garland "the Madonna of her generation". The American Film Institute named her eighth among the Greatest female stars of Golden Age Hollywood cinema.{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx |publisher=American Film Institute |date=June 16, 1999 |access-date=June 12, 2008 |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043532/http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx |url-status=dead }} In June 1998, in The New York Times, Camille Paglia wrote, "Garland was a personality on the grand scale who makes our current crop of pop stars look lightweight and evanescent."

In recent years, Garland's legacy has maintained fans of all different ages, both younger and older. In 2010, The Huffington Post contributor Joan E. Dowlin concluded that Garland possessed a distinct "it" quality by "exemplif[ying] the star quality of charisma, musical talent, natural acting ability and, despite what the studio honchos said, good looks (even if they were the girl next door looks)".

AllMusic's biographer William Ruhlmann said that "the core of her significance as an artist remains her amazing voice and emotional commitment to her songs" and believes that "her career is sometimes viewed more as an object lesson in Hollywood excess than as the remarkable string of multimedia accomplishments it was". In 2012, Strassler described Garland as "more than an icon... Like Charlie Chaplin and Lucille Ball, she created a template that the powers that be have forever been trying, with varied levels of success, to replicate."

Garland's live performances towards the end of her career are still remembered by fans who attended them as "peak moments in 20th-century music". She has been the subject of over thirty biographies since her death, including the well-received Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir by her daughter, Lorna Luft, whose memoir was later adapted into the television miniseries Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows, which won Emmy Awards for the two actresses who portrayed her (Tammy Blanchard and Judy Davis).{{cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |title=Subdued Patriotism Replaces Glitter as Television Finally Presents Its Emmys |work=The New York Times |date=November 5, 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/05/us/subdued-patriotism-replaces-glitter-as-television-finally-presents-its-emmys.html |access-date=August 7, 2009}} Strassler observed that Garland "created one of the most storied cautionary tales in the industry, thanks to her many excesses and insecurities that led to her early death by overdose".

Garland was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997.{{cite web |title=Lifetime Achievement Award |publisher=The Recording Academy |url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/lifetime-awards |access-date=December 25, 2007 |archive-date=February 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153829/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/lifetime-awards |url-status=dead }} Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.{{cite web |title=Grammy Hall of Fame Award |publisher=The Recording Academy |url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame |access-date=December 25, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122042616/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame |archive-date=January 22, 2011}} These include "Over the Rainbow", which was ranked as the number one movie song of all time in the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Songs" list. Four more Garland songs are featured on the list: "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (No. 76), "Get Happy" (No. 61), "The Trolley Song" (No. 26) and "The Man That Got Away" (No. 11).{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |date=June 22, 2004 |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |access-date=December 25, 2007 |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306073718/http://afi.com/100Years/songs.aspx |url-status=dead }}

She has twice been honored on U.S. postage stamps, in 1989 (as Dorothy){{cite news |last=Kronish |first=Syd |title=Hollywood Film Legends Preserved on Latest Issue |work=The Sunday Capital |location=Washington, D.C. |date=April 8, 1990}} and again in 2006 (as Vicki Lester from A Star Is Born).{{cite press release |title=The 2006 Commemorative Stamp Program |publisher=United States Postal Service |date=November 30, 2005 |url=http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2005/sr05_054.htm?from=bannercommunications&page=comstamps |access-date=December 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106145011/http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2005/sr05_054.htm?from=bannercommunications&page=comstamps |archive-date=January 6, 2008}} While on tour in 1964, Garland identified "Over the Rainbow" as her favorite of all the songs she had ever recorded, to which Trussel observed that "Her career would remain inextricably linked". Garland would frequently use an overture from "Over the Rainbow" as her entrance music during concerts and television appearances.

According to Paglia, the more Garland performed "Over the Rainbow", the more it "became her tragic anthem ... a dirge for artistic opportunities squandered and for personal happiness permanently deferred". In 1998, Carnegie Hall hosted a two-concert tribute to Garland, which they promoted as "a tribute to the world's greatest entertainer".

Subsequent celebrities who have suffered from personal struggles with drug addiction and substance use disorder have been compared to Garland, particularly Michael Jackson. Garland's elder daughter Liza Minnelli had a personal life that was almost parallel to that of her mother's, having struggled with substance use disorder and several unsuccessful marriages. Paglia observed that actress Marilyn Monroe would exhibit behavior which was similar to that which Garland had exhibited a decade earlier in Meet Me in St. Louis, particularly tardiness.

On June 10, 2022, the centennial of her birth, she was honored with a perfume named after her entitled "Judy — A Garland Fragrance" created by Vincenzo Spinnato.{{cite web |url=https://people.com/style/judy-garland-fine-fragrance-liza-minnelli-lorna-luft-interview/ |title=Liza Minnelli and Lorna Luft Help Develop a Fragrance in Mom Judy Garland's Honor: 'It Smells Like Mama!' |first=Jackie |last=Fields |date=June 9, 2022 |website=People}}

{{Main|Judy Garland as a gay icon}}

Garland had a large fan base in the gay community and became a gay icon.{{cite book |last=Haggerty |first=George E |title=Gay Histories and Cultures |publisher=Garland|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-8153-1880-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofga00ghag|year=2000 }} Reasons given for her standing among gay men are the admiration of her ability as a performer, the way her personal struggles mirrored those of gay men in the United States during the height of her fame and her value as a camp figure.{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Raymond |title=Images in the Dark: An Encyclopedia of Gay and Lesbian Film and Video |publisher=TLA Video Management |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|year=1996 }} In 1965, a reporter asked how she felt about having a large gay following. She replied, "I could care less. I sing to people!"{{cite news |last=Trabing |first=Wally |date=August 29, 1965 |title=Sing, Sing, Sing, Sing, Sing |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-sing-sing-sing-si/157892515/ |access-date=October 26, 2024 |work=Santa Cruz Sentinel |page=2 |via=Newspapers.com}}

{{see also|List of Judy Garland biographies}}

Garland has been portrayed on television by Andrea McArdle in Rainbow (1978),{{cite news |agency=United Press International |title=Star of 'Annie' plays Garland in TV version of fantasy life |newspaper=The Gazette |date=November 4, 1978 |volume=201 |page=52 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HZYuAAAAIBAJ&pg=979%2C1579815 |access-date=February 9, 2015}} Tammy Blanchard (young Judy) and Judy Davis (older Judy) in Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001),{{cite web |title=Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/257555/Life-with-Judy-Garland-Me-and-My-Shadows/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219043623/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/257555/Life-with-Judy-Garland-Me-and-My-Shadows/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 19, 2013 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=The New York Times |first=Brian J.|last=Dillard |date=December 18, 2013|access-date=February 9, 2015}} and Sigrid Thornton in Peter Allen: Not The Boy Next Door (2015).{{cite web |title=Meet the who's who of Channel 7's telemovie, Peter Allen: Not The Boy Next Door |url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/television/meet-the-whos-who-of-channel-7s-telemovie-peter-allen-not-the-boy-next-door/story-fnihmoiz-1227523360760?from=public_rss |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160403030537/http://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/television/meet-the-whos-who-of-channel-7s-telemovie-peter-allen-not-the-boy-next-door/story-fnihmoiz-1227523360760?from=public_rss |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 3, 2016 |website=Courier Mail|access-date=September 13, 2015 }} Harvey Weinstein optioned Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland and a stage show and film based on it were slated to star Anne Hathaway.{{cite news |title=Anne Hathaway to star as Garland |work=BBC News |date=March 24, 2009 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7960945.stm |access-date=September 19, 2009}} Renée Zellweger portrayed Garland in the biopic Judy (2019) and won the Academy Award for Best Actress.{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/renee-zellweger-judy-garland-2-1202729890/ |last=Clarke |first=Stewart |title=First Look: Renee Zellweger as Judy Garland in 'Judy' Biopic |magazine=Variety |date=March 19, 2018 |access-date=March 19, 2018}}

On stage, Garland is a character in the musical The Boy from Oz (1998), portrayed by Chrissy Amphlett in the original Australian production{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=David |title=Chrissy Amphlett – Our Most Infamous Leading Lady |url=http://aussietheatre.com.au/features/chrissy-amphlett-our-most-infamous-leading-lady |website=AussieTheatre.com |publisher=Erin James, Matt Edwards |access-date=February 9, 2015 |date=April 30, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210015628/http://aussietheatre.com.au/features/chrissy-amphlett-our-most-infamous-leading-lady |archive-date=February 10, 2015}} and by Isabel Keating on Broadway in 2003.{{cite web |last1=Gans |first1=Andrew |title=DIva Talk: A Chat With a Gal From Oz, Isabel Keating Plus "American Idol" Thoughts |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/diva-talk-a-chat-with-a-gal-from-oz-isabel-keating-plus-american-idol-thoug-119823 |website=Playbill |access-date=February 9, 2015 |date=May 21, 2004}} End of the Rainbow (2005) featured Caroline O'Connor as Garland and Paul Goddard as Garland's pianist.{{cite news |last1=Hallett |first1=Bryce |title=Garland's last days come alive |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/arts/garlands-last-days-come-alive/2005/08/05/1123125897472.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=February 9, 2015 |date=August 5, 2005}} Adrienne Barbeau played Garland in The Property Known as Garland (2006){{cite web |last1=Blankenship |first1=Mark |title=Review: 'The Property Known as Garland' |url=https://variety.com/2006/legit/reviews/the-property-known-as-garland-1200517495/ |website=Variety |access-date=February 9, 2015 |date=March 23, 2006}} and The Judy Monologues (2010) initially featured male actors reciting Garland's words before it was revamped as a one-woman show.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Gary |title=Stories of strong women on the fringe |url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/3903976-stories-of-strong-women-on-the-fringe/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=February 9, 2015 |date=July 23, 2013}}

In music, Garland is referenced in the 1992 Tori Amos song "Happy Phantom", in which Garland is imagined to be taking Buddha by the hand. Amos also refers to Garland as "Judy G" in her 1996 song "Not the Red Baron". Garland is also the titular subject of Frog's "Judy Garland" single from 2015.{{Cite web |last1=Murray |first1=Robin |date=June 19, 2015 |title=Premiere: Frog - 'Judy Garland' |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/music-videos/premiere-frog-judy-garland/ |access-date=October 26, 2024 |website=Clash Music}}{{Cite web|url=https://adobeandteardrops.com/2015/09/interview-three-questions-for-frog.html|title=INTERVIEW: Three Questions for Frog – Adobe & Teardrops|date=September 15, 2015}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/new-music/discovery/listen-frog-judy-garland-premiere|title=Listen: Frog - "Judy Garland" [Premiere]|website=The Line of Best Fit}}

• List of recordings by Judy Garland

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|22em}}

• {{cite book|title=Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland|first=Gerald|last=Clarke|author-link=Gerald Clarke (author)|publisher=Random House|location=New York City|year=2001|isbn=978-0-375-50378-8|title-link=Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland}}
• {{cite book|title=Little Girl Lost: The Life and Hard Times of Judy Garland| first=Al Jr. |last=DiOrio|publisher=Manor Books|location=New York City|year=1973|isbn=978-0-375-50378-8|url=https://archive.org/details/gethappylifeofju00clar}}
• {{cite book|title=Judy Garland|first=Anne|last=Edwards|author-link=Anne Edwards|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York City|year=1975|isbn=978-0-671-80228-8}}
• {{cite book|title=Rainbow: The Stormy Life of Judy Garland|first=Christopher|last=Finch|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York City|year=1975|isbn=978-0-345-25173-2|url=https://archive.org/details/rainbowstormylif00finc}}
• {{cite book|title=Judy|url=https://archive.org/details/judyfran00fran|url-access=registration|first=Gerold|last=Frank|publisher=Harper & Row|location=New York|year=1975|isbn=978-0-06-011337-7}}
• {{cite book|title=Judy Garland: A Pyramid Illustrated History of the Movies|first=James|last=Juneau|publisher=Pyramid Publications|location=New York City|year=1974|isbn=978-0-515-03482-0|url=https://archive.org/details/judygarland00june}}
• {{cite book|title=Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir|first=Lorna|last=Luft|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York City|year=1999|isbn=978-0-283-06320-6}}
• {{cite book|title=Rainbow's End: The Judy Garland Show|first=Coyne Steven|last=Sanders|publisher=Zebra Books|location=New York City|year=1990|isbn=978-0-8217-3708-8}}
• {{cite book|title=Lovely Me: The Life of Jacqueline Susann|first=Barbara|last=Seaman|author-link=Barbara Seaman|publisher=Seven Stories Press|location=New York City|year=1996|isbn=978-0-9658770-6-0}}
• {{cite book|title=Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend|first=David|last=Shipman|publisher=Hyperion|location=New York City|year=1992|isbn=978-0-7868-8026-3}}
• {{cite book|title=The Golden Girls of MGM|url=https://archive.org/details/goldengirlsofmgm00wayn|url-access=registration|first=Jane Ellen|last=Wayne|publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers|location=New York City|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7867-1303-5}}

• {{cite book |author1=Steiger, Brad |author-link1=Brad Steiger |title=Judy Garland |date=1969 |page=88|publisher=Ace |location=London|oclc=2577482}}

{{sister project links|auto=1|d=Q11637}}

{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Judy Garland-article.ogg|date=June 17, 2018}}

• {{Official website|https://judygarland.com/}}
• [https://www.thejudyroom.com/ The Judy Room]
• [http://www.judy-garland.org/index.html Judy-Garland.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226192239/http://judy-garland.org/index.html |date=December 26, 2014 }}
• [https://judygarlandmuseum.com/ Judy Garland Museum]
• {{AFI person | 90673-Judy-Garland }}
• {{IMDb name}}
• [http://www.biography.com/deathiversary/judy-garland/judy-garland.jsp Judy Garland] at The Biography Channel
• {{TCMDb name}}
• {{IBDB name}}
• [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/garland_j.html Judy Garland: By Myself] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106104854/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/garland_j.html |date=November 6, 2009 }} American Masters special

{{s-start}} {{s-ach}}

{{s-bef|before= Ella Fitzgerald
for Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife}}

{{s-ttl|title = Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|years = 1962
for Judy at Carnegie Hall }}

{{s-aft|after = Ella Fitzgerald
for Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson}}

{{s-bef|before= Dave Brubeck, Marvin Gaye, Georg Solti, Stevie Wonder}}

{{s-ttl|title = Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award|years = 1997}}

{{s-aft|after = Bo Diddley, Mills Brothers, Roy Orbison, Paul Robeson}}

{{s-end}}

{{Judy Garland|state=expanded}}

{{Judy Garland songs}}

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{{Academy Honorary Award}}

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