List of R1a frequency by population

border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="float:right; text-align:center; background:#fff; margin-left:3em; margin-bottom:2em;"

|+ style="text-align:Center;"|

{{cladogram|title=2009 as per {{Harvcoltxt|Underhill et al.|2009}} |caption=

|clades={{clade

|label1=R1a
M420

|1={{clade| thickness=2

|label1=R1a1
SRY1532.2

|1={{clade | thickness=2

|1=R1a1*

}}

|label2=R1a1a
M17, M198

|2={{clade |style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% | thickness=2

|1=R1a1a *

|label2=M56

|2=R1a1a1

|label3=M157

|3=R1a1a2

|label4=M64.2,..

|4=R1a1a3

|label5=P98

|5=R1a1a4

|label6=PK5

|6=R1a1a5

|label7=M434

|7=R1a1a6

|label8=M458

|8={{clade | thickness=2

|2=R1a1a7*

|label1 =
M334

|1=R1a1a7a

}}

|label9=rs34351054

|9=R1a1a8

}}

|2={{clade | thickness=2

|1=R1a*

}}

Haplogroup R1a is one of the major classifications (called clades) of Y-chromosome types found in human male lines. It is widespread all across Eurasia. Many sample studies therefore carry information on the incidence of R1a and/or its subclassifications, in particular the dominant branching line represented by the haplogroups R1a1 and R1a1a.

The table below collates information from a number of such sample studies, with incidence frequencies in sample data reported as percentages, along with the associated sample sizes.

Data

R1a1 M17/M198 not tested ! R1a1* M17/M198 negative ! R1a1a M17/M198 positive
class="wikitable sortable" !rowspan=2\|Continent/ Region ! rowspan=2\|Country ! rowspan=2\|Population ! rowspan=2\|Sample ! colspan=3\|R1a1 = SRY1532.2 positive ! rowspan=2\|Source
Caucasus	Russia	Ossetian	134	NA	0.00	0.75	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Estonia		100	NA	0.00	35.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Romania		335	NA	0.00	17.01	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Croatia	Krk (island)	74	NA	0.00	36.49	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Croatia	Brac (island)	49	NA	0.00	24.49	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Croatia	Hvar (island)	91	NA	0.00	6.59	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Croatia	Korcula (island)	134	NA	0.00	15.67	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Croatia		108	NA	0.00	26.85	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Bosnia-Herzegovina	Herzegovina	141	NA	0.00	12.06	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Kosovo	Albanians	114	NA	0.00	3.51	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Serbia		113	NA	0.00	18.58	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonia	79	NA	0.00	13.92	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Czech Republic		53	NA	0.00	37.74	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Belarus	Brest	97	NA	0.00	58.8	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Belarus		267	NA	0.00	54.7	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Belarus		50	NA	0.00	42.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Russia	Russians	40	NA	0.00	38.46	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Central Asia	Tajiks, Turkmens		38	NA	0.00	7.89	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
North Asia	Russia	Tuvans	104	NA	0.00	7.69	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
North Asia	Russia	Altai	58	NA	0.00	41.38	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Jammu)	61	NA	0.00	37.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh)	68	NA	0.00	39.71	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Andhra Pradesh)	19	NA	0.00	26.32	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Andhra Pradesh Aaruvela Niyogi & Vaidiki Brahmins)	20	NA	0.00	55.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Syama\|2012}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Andhra Pradesh Dravida Brahmins)	37	NA	0.00	13.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Syama\|2012}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Madhya Pradesh)	54	NA	0.00	35.19	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Khatri (Punjab/Haryana)	15	NA	0.00	67.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Bhanusali (Gujarat) \|6 \|NA \|0.00 \|67.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Ahir (Punjab/Haryana)	24	NA	0.00	63.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh)	171	NA	0.00	49.71	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Uttarakhand)	21	NA	0.00	47.62	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (West Bengal)	49	NA	0.00	48.98	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Balmiki (Punjab/Haryana) \|24 \|NA \|0.00 \|33.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Rabari (Gujarat) \|34 \|NA \|0.00 \|32.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Dungari Bhil (Gujarat) \|50 \|NA \|0.00 \|26.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Kathodi (Gujarat) \|15 \|NA \|0.00 \|40.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Dungari Grassia (Gujarat) \|51 \|NA \|0.00 \|29.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Koli (Gujarat) \|24 \|NA \|0.00 \|21.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Meena (Rajasthan) \|56 \|NA \|0.00 \|38.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Meo \|16 \|NA \|0.00 \|31.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|India \|Manipuri \|6 \|NA \|0.00 \|50.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Asur	88	NA	0.00	5.68	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Ho	45	NA	0.00	0.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Mawasi (Jharkhand)	27	NA	0.00	3.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Mawasi (Madhya Pradesh)	12	NA	0.00	8.33	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Mahali (Jharkhand)	32	NA	0.00	9.38	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Santal (Jharkhand)	20	NA	0.00	10.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Birhor (Chhattisgarh)	27	NA	0.00	3.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Birhor (Maharashtra)	35	NA	0.00	2.86	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Baiga (Madhya Pradesh)	23	NA	0.00	8.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Baiga (Odisha)	42	NA	0.00	2.38	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Kharia (Chhattisgarh)	37	NA	0.00	5.41	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Savara (Odisha)	21	NA	0.00	9.52	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Meghwal (Rajasthan)	50	NA	0.00	30.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Garo (Meghalaya)	25	NA	0.00	4.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Khasi (Meghalaya)	21	NA	0.00	4.76	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Lohana (Gujarat)	20	NA	0.00	60.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	Iran		87	NA	0.00	10.34	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Brahui \|111 \|NA \|0.00 \|35.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Burusho \|96 \|NA \|0.00 \|25.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Kashmiri \|10 \|NA \|0.00 \|50.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Makrani \|60 \|NA \|0.00 \|25.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Mohana	70	NA	0.00	71.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Parsi \|90 \|NA \|0.00 \|8.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia \|Pakistan \|Pathan \|96 \|NA \|0.00 \|45.00 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Sindhi	134	NA	0.00	49.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	Turkey		89	NA	0.00	3.37	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Armenia		25	NA	0.00	4.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Megrels	67	NA	0.00	8.96	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Abkhazes	162	NA	0.00	9.26	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Avars	42	NA	0.00	2.38	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Chamalals	27	NA	0.00	7.41	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Bagvalals	28	NA	0.00	3.57	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Andis	49	NA	0.00	2.04	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Lezgis	31	NA	0.00	0.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Darginians	68	NA	0.00	0.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Tabasarans	43	NA	0.00	2.33	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Adyghes	160	NA	0.00	11.25	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Karachays	69	NA	0.00	27.54	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Kumyks	76	NA	0.00	13.16	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Balkars	136	NA	0.00	25.74	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Cherkessians	126	NA	0.00	12.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Kabardians	141	NA	0.71	13.48	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Abazas	89	NA	0.00	19.10	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Nogays	87	NA	0.00	12.64	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Karanogays	77	NA	0.00	9.09	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Caucasus	Russia	Tats	10	NA	0.00	0.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Greece	Crete	193	NA	0.00	8.81	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	Oman		121	NA	0.00	9.09	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	Iran		150	NA	0.67	12.67	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	United Arab Emirates		164	NA	0.00	7.32	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Middle East	Turkey		523	NA	0.00	6.88	{{Harvcoltxt\|Underhill et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Lithuania	Aukštaičiai	106	45.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kasperaviciūte et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Lithuania	Žemaičiai	90	44.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kasperaviciūte et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	North	377	27.1	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	Middle	317	31.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	West	301	24.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	East	493	26.8	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	Bergen	93	28	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	Oslo	109	19.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Norway	South	76	13.2	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Dupuy et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Spain/Portugal	large survey	1140	NA	0.00	1.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Adams et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Greeks	92	NA	0.00	16.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Greek Macedonian	57	NA	1.80	10.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Albania		55	NA	0.00	9.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Bosnia	Serbs	81	NA	0.00	13.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Bosnia	Bosniacs	84	NA	0.00	15.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Bosnia	Croats	90	NA	0.00	12.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Croatia		89	NA	0.00	27.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Hungary		53	NA	0.00	56.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Czech Republic		75	NA	0.00	41.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Poland		99	NA	0.00	56.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Ukraine		92	NA	0.00	50.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Georgia		66	NA	0.00	10.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Russia	Balkars	38	NA	0.00	13.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Albanians	64	NA	0.00	1.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Croatia	Osijek	29	NA	0.00	37.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Slovenia	Slovenians	75	NA	0.00	38.70	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Italy	North East	67	NA	0.00	10.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Battaglia et al.\|2008}}
Europe\|
\|Ashkenazi Cohen	76	NA	0.00	1.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe\|
\|Sephardi Cohen	69	NA	0.00	5.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe\|
\|Ashkenazi Levite	60	NA	0.00	51.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe\|
\|Sephardi Levite	31	NA	0.00	3.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Middle East	Israel	Ashkenazi	100	NA	0.00	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Middle East	Israel	Sephardi	63	NA	0.00	1.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Germany		88	NA	0.00	12.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Norway		83	NA	0.00	21.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Germany	Sorbs	112	NA	0.00	63.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Belarus		306	NA	0.33	51.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Behar et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Spain	Basques	42	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	British Crown	Channel Islands	128	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Chippenham	52	NA	NA	6.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Cornwall	52	NA	NA	6.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Dorchester	73	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Faversham	55	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Midhurst	80	NA	NA	1.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Morpeth	95	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Norfolk	121	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Penrith	90	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Southwell	70	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	Uttoxeter	84	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	England	York	46	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Denmark/Germany	Denmark/Schleswig-Holstein	190	NA	NA	8.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Ireland	Castlerea	43	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	British Crown	Isle of Man	62	NA	NA	8.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Norway		201	NA	NA	12.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Orkney	121	NA	NA	7.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Ireland	Rush, Dublin	76	NA	NA	1.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Durness	51	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Oban	42	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Pitlochry	41	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Stonehaven	44	NA	NA	5.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Western Isles	88	NA	NA	3.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Scotland	Shetland	63	NA	NA	6.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Wales	Haverfordwest	59	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Wales	Llangefni	80	NA	NA	1.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Wales	Llanidloes	57	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Capelli et al.\|2003}}
Middle East	Turkey		523	NA	NA	6.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Cinnioğlu et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Italy	Sicily	236	NA	NA	5.5	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Greece		77	NA	NA	15.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Firasat et al.\|2007}}
South Asia \|India \|Charan (Gujarat) \|42 \|NA \|NA \|36.0 \|{{cite journal \|last1=Shah \|first1=Anish M. \|last2=Tamang \|first2=Rakesh \|last3=Moorjani \|first3=Priya \|last4=Rani \|first4=Deepa Selvi \|last5=Govindaraj \|first5=Periyasamy \|last6=Kulkarni \|first6=Gururaj \|last7=Bhattacharya \|first7=Tanmoy \|last8=Mustak \|first8=Mohammed S. \|last9=Bhaskar \|first9=L.V.K.S. \|last10=Reddy \|first10=Alla G. \|last11=Gadhvi \|first11=Dharmendra \|last12=Gai \|first12=Pramod B. \|last13=Chaubey \|first13=Gyaneshwer \|last14=Patterson \|first14=Nick \|last15=Reich \|first15=David \|last16=Tyler-Smith \|first16=Chris \|last17=Singh \|first17=Lalji \|last18=Thangaraj \|first18=Kumarasamy \|title=Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture \|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics \|date=July 2011 \|volume=89 \|issue=1 \|pages=154–161 \|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030 \|pmid=21741027 \|pmc=3135801 }}
South Asia \|India \|Bharwad (Gujarat) \|48 \|NA \|NA \|17.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Siddi (Gujarat) \|60 \|NA \|NA \|5.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Siddi (Karnataka) \|65 \|NA \|NA \|3.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Medar (Karnataka) \|56 \|NA \|NA \|39.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Grama Vokkal \|54 \|NA \|NA \|25.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Korava \|38 \|NA \|NA \|24.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Kare Vokkal \|30 \|NA \|NA \|27.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Pardhan (Dravidian tribe) \|128 \|NA \|NA \|12.5 \|{{cite journal \|last1=Thanseem \|first1=Ismail \|last2=Thangaraj \|first2=Kumarasamy \|last3=Chaubey \|first3=Gyaneshwer \|last4=Singh \|first4=Vijay \|last5=Bhaskar \|first5=Lakkakula VKS \|last6=Reddy \|first6=B Mohan \|last7=Reddy \|first7=Alla G \|last8=Singh \|first8=Lalji \|title=Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: Inference from y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA \|journal=BMC Genetics \|date=2006 \|volume=7 \|issue=1 \|pages=42 \|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-7-42 \|pmid=16893451 \|pmc=1569435 \|doi-access=free }}
South Asia \|India \|Andh (Dravidian tribe) \|54 \|NA \|NA \|31.5 \|
South Asia \|India \|Naikpod (Andhra Pradesh) \|68 \|NA \|NA \|19.11 \|
South Asia \|India \|Kota \|62 \|NA \|NA \|22.58 \|{{cite journal \|last1=ArunKumar \|first1=GaneshPrasad \|last2=Soria-Hernanz \|first2=David F. \|last3=Kavitha \|first3=Valampuri John \|last4=Arun \|first4=Varatharajan Santhakumari \|last5=Syama \|first5=Adhikarla \|last6=Ashokan \|first6=Kumaran Samy \|last7=Gandhirajan \|first7=Kavandanpatti Thangaraj \|last8=Vijayakumar \|first8=Koothapuli \|last9=Narayanan \|first9=Muthuswamy \|last10=Jayalakshmi \|first10=Mariakuttikan \|last11=Ziegle \|first11=Janet S. \|last12=Royyuru \|first12=Ajay K. \|last13=Parida \|first13=Laxmi \|last14=Wells \|first14=R. Spencer \|last15=Renfrew \|first15=Colin \|last16=Schurr \|first16=Theodore G. \|last17=Smith \|first17=Chris Tyler \|last18=Platt \|first18=Daniel E. \|last19=Pitchappan \|first19=Ramasamy \|author20=Genographic Consortium \|title=Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System \|journal=PLOS ONE \|date=28 November 2012 \|volume=7 \|issue=11 \|pages=e50269 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0050269 \|pmid=23209694 \|pmc=3508930 \|bibcode=2012PLoSO...750269A \|doi-access=free }}
South Asia \|India \|Konar \|107 \|NA \|NA \|14.95 \|
South Asia \|India \|Maravar \|80 \|NA \|NA \|16.25 \|
South Asia \|India \|Valayar \|95 \|NA \|NA \|20.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Tamil Jains \|100 \|NA \|NA \|18.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Ezhava \|95 \|NA \|NA \|24.21 \|
South Asia \|India \|Sourashtra \|40 \|NA \|NA \|40.0 \|
South Asia \|India \|Vadama Iyer \|63 \|NA \|NA \|47.62 \|
South Asia	Pakistan	Burusho	97	NA	NA	25.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Firasat et al.\|2007}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Kalash	44	NA	NA	18.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Firasat et al.\|2007}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Pathan (Pashtun)	96	NA	NA	44.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Firasat et al.\|2007}}
South Asia	Pakistan		638	NA	NA	37.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Firasat et al.\|2007}}
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu (central Terai)	57	NA	0.00	10.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu (central Terai)	77	NA	0.00	3.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu (Chitwan)	37	NA	0.00	16.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	Nepal	Hindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal	26	NA	0.00	69.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Hindu (New Delhi)	49	NA	0.00	34.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Andhra Pradesh tribal	29	NA	0.00	27.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Fornarino et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Poland		913	NA	NA	57.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany		1215	NA	NA	17.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Berlin	103	NA	NA	22.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Leipzig	144	NA	NA	27.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Magdeburg	100	NA	NA	21	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Rostock	96	NA	NA	31.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Greifswald	104	NA	NA	19.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Hamburg	161	NA	NA	16.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Münster	102	NA	NA	7.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Freiburg	102	NA	NA	10.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Cologne	96	NA	NA	15.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Mainz	95	NA	NA	8.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Germany	Munich	95	NA	NA	14.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kayser et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Greece	Nea Nikomedeia	57	NA	0.00	21.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|King et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Sesklo/Dimini	57	NA	0.00	10.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|King et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Lerna/Franchthi	57	NA	0.00	1.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|King et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Crete	193	NA	0.50	8.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|King et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Greece	Crete, Heraklion Prefecture	104	NA	0.00	8.7	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Greece	Crete, Lasithi Plateau	41	NA	0.00	19.5	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Greece	Crete, Lasithi Prefecture	23	NA	0.00	4.3	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Ukraine		94	NA	NA	43.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Belarus		68	NA	NA	45.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2005}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk)	20	NA	NA	50.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol)	11	NA	NA	18.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Turochak)	19	NA	NA	36.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir)	43	NA	NA	58.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Kulada)	46	NA	NA	52.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
North Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach)	7	NA	NA	28.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kharkov et al.\|2007}}
Europe	England	West Lancashire (2 gens)	49	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Bowden et al.\|2008}}
Europe	England	Wirral (2 gens)	100	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Bowden et al.\|2008}}
Europe	England	West Lancashire (medieval?)	42	NA	NA	16.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Bowden et al.\|2008}}
Europe	England	Wirral (medieval?)	37	NA	NA	13.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Bowden et al.\|2008}}
South Asia	India	Chenchu	41	NA	NA	26.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	Koya	41	NA	NA	2.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	West Bengal	31	NA	NA	38.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	Chipavan Brahmin (Bombay)	43	NA	NA	41.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	Gujarat	29	NA	NA	24.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	Lambadi	35	NA	NA	8.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	India	Punjab	66	NA	NA	47.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild et al.\|2003}}
South Asia	Sri Lanka	Sinhalese	87	23.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Kivisild (2003)a}}
North Asia	Russia	Tuvan	40	NA	NA	7.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Tofalar	19	NA	NA	5.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Buryat	13	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Yenisey Evenk	31	NA	NA	9.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Okhotsk Evenk	16	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Ulchi/Nanai	53	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Upriver Negidal	10	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Downriver Negidal	7	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Ugedey	20	NA	NA	5.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Nivkh	17	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Kamchatka, Koryak	27	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Kamchatka, Itel\'man	18	NA	NA	22.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Chukotka, Chukchi	24	NA	NA	4.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
North Asia	Russia	Chukotka, Asiatic Eskimo	33	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Lell et al.\|2002}}
Caucasus	Russia	Abazinians	14	NA	NA	14.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Chechenians	19	NA	NA	5.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Darginians	26	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Ingushians	22	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Kabardinians	59	NA	NA	2.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Lezgi (Dagestan)	25	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Ossetians (Ardon)	28	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Ossetians (Digora)	31	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Russia	Rutulians	24	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Abkhazians	12	NA	NA	33.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Armenia	Armenians	100	NA	NA	6.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijanians	72	NA	NA	7.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Georgians	77	NA	NA	10.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Middle East	Turkey		39	NA	NA	13.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Middle East	Iran	Isfahan	50	NA	NA	18.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
Middle East	Iran	Tehran	80	NA	NA	20.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2004}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Balti	13	NA	NA	46.15	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Brahui	110	NA	NA	39.09	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Burusho	94	NA	NA	27.67	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Kalash	44	NA	NA	18.18	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Kashmiri	12	NA	NA	58.33	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Baloch (Makran)	25	NA	NA	28.00	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Siddi (Makran)	33	NA	NA	30.30	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Parsi	90	NA	NA	7.77	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Pathan	93	NA	NA	45.16	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Sindhi	122	NA	NA	49.18	{{Harvcoltxt\|Qamar et al.\|2002}}
Europe	Albania	Albanian	51	NA	NA	9.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	France	French Basque	22	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Spain	Spanish Basque	45	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Italy	Calabrian	37	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Spain	Catalan	24	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Italy	Central/Northern	50	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Croatia	Croatian	58	NA	NA	29.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Czech Republic/Slovakia	Czech/Slovak	45	NA	NA	26.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Netherlands	Dutch	27	NA	NA	3.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Georgia	Georgian	63	NA	NA	7.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Germany	German	16	NA	NA	6.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Greece	Greek	76	NA	NA	11.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Hungary	Hungarian	45	NA	NA	60.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Middle East	Lebanon	Lebanese	31	NA	NA	9.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Greece	Greek Macedonian	20	NA	NA	35.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Poland	Polish	55	NA	NA	56.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe		Saami	24	NA	NA	8.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Italy	Sardinian	1204	NA	NA	1.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Francalacci et al.\|2013}}
Europe	Syria	Syrian	20	NA	NA	10.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Turkey	Turkish	30	NA	NA	6.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Asia	Russia	Udmurt	43	NA	NA	37.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Ukraine	Ukrainian	50	NA	NA	54.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Semino et al.\|2000}}
South Asia	Pakistan		85	NA	NA	16.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Rajput (Rajasthan)	29	NA	NA	31.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia \|India \|Pallar \|29 \|NA \|NA \|24.14 \|{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	Pakistan	Southern	91	NA	NA	31.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
Southeast Asia	Cambodia		6	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
East Asia	China		128	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
East Asia	Japan		23	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
North Asia	Siberia		18	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Tribe (Austro-Asiatic)	64	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Tribe (Dravidian)	18	NA	NA	2.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Tribe (Tibeto-Burman)	87	NA	NA	4.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Tribe (Indo-European)	21	NA	NA	19.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Iyer/Iyengar (Tamil Nadu)	59	NA	NA	28.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Dravidian middle caste	85	NA	NA	11.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Pallar	29	NA	NA	24.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Indo-European Upper Caste	86	NA	NA	45.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Indo-European Middle Caste	48	NA	NA	50.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Indo-European low caste	50	NA	NA	26.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sengupta et al.\|2005}}
South Asia	India	Kashmiri Gujars	49	NA	0.00	40.86	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Kashmiri Pandits	51	NA	3.92	19.61	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Gujarat)	64	NA	0.00	32.81	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Paswan	27	NA	0.00	40.74	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Bihar)	38	NA	0.00	60.53	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Himachal Pradesh Brahmin	30	NA	0.00	47.37	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Punjab Brahmin	49	NA	0.00	35.71	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (West Bengal)	30	NA	0.00	72.22	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh)	31	NA	0.00	67.74	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Kol (Uttar Pradesh)	38	NA	0.00	14.81	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Saharia	57	NA	22.8	28.07	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Madhya Pradesh)	42	NA	0.00	38.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
South Asia	India	Brahmin (Maharashtra)	32	NA	0.00	43.33	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sharma et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Moldova	Moldavians, Carahasani	72	NA	NA	34.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
Europe	Moldava	Moldavians Sofia, Moldava	54	NA	NA	20.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
Europe	Romania	Dniester-Carpathian \|
\|NA	NA	20.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
Europe	Ukraine	Ukrainians, Rashkovo	53	NA	NA	41.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
Europe	Moldava	Gagauzes, Kongaz	48	NA	NA	12.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
Europe	Ukraine	Gagauzes, Etulia	41	NA	NA	26.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Varzari\|2006}}
East Asia	China	Dongxiang	49	NA	0?	28.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wang et al.\|2003}}
East Asia	China	Salar	52	NA	0?	17.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wang et al.\|2003}}
East Asia	China	Bo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent	47	NA	0?	26.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wang et al.\|2003}}
Caucasus	Armenia	Ararat	44	NA	0.00	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Armenia/Georgia	\"Northern Armenians\"	189	NA	0.53	4.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Armenia	Syunik (South Armenia)	140	NA	0.00	9.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Azerbaijan/Armenia	Karabakh	215	NA	0.00	5.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Iran	Isfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent)	56	NA	0.00	1.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Turkey	near Armenia	90	NA	1.11	3.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Turkey	Istanbul University	173	NA	0.00	10.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Baku	29	NA	0.00	10.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Syria	Damascus University	44	NA	0.00	2.3	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Tbilisi	68	NA	0.00	4.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Greece	Athens	132	NA	0.00	6.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Mongolia	soldiers mainly from Khalkh	402	NA	0.00	2.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Hungary		215	NA	1.40	24.2	{{Harvcoltxt\|Völgyi et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Wales	North Wales	98	NA	NA	1.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2002}}
Europe	England	English Midlands	136	NA	NA	4.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2002}}
Europe	England	East Anglia	173	NA	NA	4.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2002}}
Europe	Netherlands	Friesland	94	NA	NA	7.4	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2002}}
Europe	Norway		83	NA	NA	21.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Weale et al.\|2002}}
Europe	England/Scotland/Wales?	British	25	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Scotland	Orkney	26	NA	NA	27.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Russia	Pomor	28	NA	NA	36.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Russia	Russian, North	49	NA	NA	43.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Asia	Russia	Russian, Tashkent	89	NA	NA	47.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Russia	Kazan Tatar	38	NA	NA	24.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Europe	Russia	Saami	23	NA	NA	22.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Asia	Russia	Nenets	54	NA	NA	11.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Lebanon		50	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Iran	Tehran	24	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Iran	Shiraz	12	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Middle East	Iran	Esfahan	16	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Svans (Svanetians)	25	NA	NA	8.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Kazbegi	25	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Georgia	South Ossetians	17	NA	NA	6.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Lezgi in Azerbaijan	12	NA	NA	8.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijanians	21	NA	NA	10.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Caucasus	Armenia	Armenians	47	NA	NA	9.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Pashtuns	49	NA	NA	51.02	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Tajiks	56	NA	NA	30.36	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Hazara	60	NA	NA	6.66	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Uzbeks	17	NA	NA	17.64	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Balochs	13	NA	NA	0.0	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Afghanistan	Nuristanis	5	NA	NA	60.0	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Central Asia	Turkmenistan	Turkmen	30	NA	NA	7.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan Kurd	17	NA	NA	12.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Sinte Romani	15	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Iranian (Samarkand)	53	NA	NA	11.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Tajik (Samarkand)	40	NA	NA	25.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Arab Bukhara	42	NA	NA	19.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Crimean Tartar	22	NA	NA	32.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Karakalpak	44	NA	NA	18.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Kashkadarya	19	NA	NA	16.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Bukhara	58	NA	NA	28.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Surkhandarya	68	NA	NA	29.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Khorezm	70	NA	NA	30.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Tashkent	43	NA	NA	28.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Fergana Valley	63	NA	NA	22.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Samarkand	45	NA	NA	13.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Ishkashimi (near Afghanistan)	25	NA	NA	68.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Bartangi	30	NA	NA	40.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Shugnan	44	NA	NA	23.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Yagnobi	31	NA	NA	16.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Tajiks/Panjikent	22	NA	NA	64.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Tajiks/Dushanbe	16	NA	NA	19.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz	52	NA	NA	63.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Kyrgyzstan	Dungan (Sino-Tibetan)	40	NA	NA	10.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Kazakhstan	Kazakhs	54	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
Central Asia	Kazakhstan	Uighur	41	NA	NA	22.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
South Asia	India	Saurashtra	46	NA	NA	39.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
South Asia	India	Kallar	84	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
South Asia	India	Konar	129	NA	NA	13.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
North Asia	Russia	Tuvinian	42	NA	NA	14.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
North Asia	Mongolia		24	NA	NA	4.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
East Asia	Korea		45	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells et al.\|2001}}
East Asia	China	Liqian from Yongchang	87	NA	NA	1.1	{{Harvcoltxt\|Zhou et al.\|2007}}
East Asia	China	Yugur from Su\'nan	52	NA	NA	1.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Zhou et al.\|2007}}
East Asia	China	Tibetan from Guide, Qinghai	39	NA	NA	2.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Zhou et al.\|2007}}
East Asia	China	Uygurs from Urumqi	49	NA	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Zhou et al.\|2007}}
Europe	Italy	Sardinia	10	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	England	Cornwall	51	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Spain	Basque	26	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Portugal	Northern	328	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
North Africa	Algeria		27	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
North Africa			129	0.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
North Africa	Tunisia	Jerbian Arabs	46	NA	4.3	4.3	{{harvtxt\|Ennafaa \|Fregel\|Khodjet-el-khil\|Gonzalez\|2011}}
Europe	Finland		57	10.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Bulgaria		24	12.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Netherlands		84	13.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Germany	Bavarian	80	15.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Sweden	Gotlander	64	16.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe		Yugoslavian	100	16.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Russia	Chuvash	17	18.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Sweden	Northern	48	19.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Romania		45	20.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Iceland		28	21.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe		Saami	48	21.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Hungary		36	22.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Estonia		207	27.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Russia	Mari	48	29.0 (Tambets disagrees)	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Ukraine	Ukraine	27	30.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Germany		30	30.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Norway		52	31.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Lithuania		38	34.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Slovenia		70	37.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Czech Republic		53	38.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Belarus		41	39.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Latvia		34	41.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Asia	Russia		122	47.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Slovakia		70	47.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Poland		112	54.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Ireland		57	1.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Ossetia		47	2.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Cyprus		45	2.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Italy		99	2.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Spain		126	2.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Portugal	Southern	57	2.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Belgium		92	4.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Middle East	Turkey		167	5.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	France		40	5.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Georgia		64	6.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Armenia		89	6.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Denmark		56	7.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Scotland	Western	120	7.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Scotland		43	7.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Greece		36	8.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	England	East Anglia	172	9.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Rosser et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Iceland		181	23.8	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Norway		112	17.9	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Sweden		110	17.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Denmark		12	16.7	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Ireland		222	0.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Scotland		61	6.6	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Britain		32	9.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Germany		32	9.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Greece		42	4.8	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Italy		332	2.7	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Asia	Russia		30	43.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Helgason et al.\|2000}}
Europe	Bulgaria	Bulgarian	808	17.5	NA	NA	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Croatia	Mainland	108	34.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Bosnia-Herzogivina	Bosnians	69	24.6	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Bosnia-Herzogivina	Herzogivinians	141	12.1	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Serbia	Serbians	113	15.9	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Kosova	Albanians	114	4.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonians	79	15.2	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Romani	57	1.8	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Pericic et al.\|2005}}
Europe	Croatia	Mainland	109	33.9	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Barać et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Croatia	Krk	74	28.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Barać et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Croatia	Brač	49	13.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Barać et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Croatia	Hvar	91	8.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Barać et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Croatia	Korčula	134	27.0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Barać et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Russia	North	380	34.20	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Balanovsky et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Russia	Central	364	46.50	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Balanovsky et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Russia	South	484	55.40	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Balanovsky et al.\|2008}}
Europe	Portugal		553	1.27	NA	NA	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Europe	Sweden	Swedes	141	18.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Estonia	Estonians	209	33.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Latvia	Latvians	86	38.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Mari	111	47.7 (Rosser disagrees)	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Mordvin	83	26.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Komi	94	33	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Udmurt	87	10.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Chuvash	79	31.6	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Volga Tatars	126	34.1	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	France	French	61	0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Hungary	Hungarians	113	20.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Russia	Russians	61	42.6	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Khant	47	4.3	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Nganasan	38	0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Nenets	148	0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Selkup	131	19.1	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Ket	48	0	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Dolgan	67	16.4	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Yakut	155	1.9	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Buryat	81	1.2	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Evenk	96	1	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Evens	31	6.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
North Asia	Russia	Altaians	98	46.9	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Tambets et al.\|2004}}
Europe	Norway	Norwegians	72	23.6	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Passarino et al.\|2002}}
Europe	Denmark	Danes	194	16.5	NA	NA	{{Harvcoltxt\|Sanchez et al.\|2003}}
Middle East	Turkey	Kurds Zazaki speakers	27	NA	NA	25.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2005}}
Middle East	Turkey	Kurds Kurmanji speakers	87	NA	NA	12.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2005}}
Middle East	Iraq	Kurds	95	NA	NA	11.6	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Caucasus	Georgia	Kurds	25	NA	NA	0.0	{{Harvcoltxt\|Nasidze et al.\|2005}}
Middle East	Jordan	Amman	101	NA	NA	2.0	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Middle East	Jordan	Dead Sea	45	NA	NA	0.0	{{CN\|date=November 2023}}
Middle East	Iraq	Baghdad, different ethnic groups	139	NA	NA	6.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Al Zahery et al.\|2003}}
Europe	Russia	Arkhangelsk	28	NA	0.00	17.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}
North Asia	Russia	Khanty	27	NA	0.00	14.8	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Russia	Izhenski Komi	54	NA	0.00	29.6	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Russia	Priluzki Komi	49	NA	0.00	32.7	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Russia	Kursk region Russian	40	NA	0.00	52.5	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}
Europe	Russia	Tver region Russian	38	NA	0.00	57.9	{{Harvcoltxt\|Mirabal et al.\|2009}}

Notes

References

{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Adams et al.|2008}} |last1=Adams |first1=Susan M. |last2=Bosch |first2=Elena |last3=Balaresque |first3=Patricia L. |last4=Ballereau |first4=Stéphane J. |last5=Lee |first5=Andrew C. |last6=Arroyo |first6=Eduardo |last7=López-Parra |first7=Ana M. |last8=Aler |first8=Mercedes |last9=Grifo |first9=Marina S. Gisbert |last10=Brion |first10=Maria |last11=Carracedo |first11=Angel |last12=Lavinha |first12=João |last13=Martínez-Jarreta |first13=Begoña |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |last15=Picornell |first15=Antònia |last16=Ramon |first16=Misericordia |last17=Skorecki |first17=Karl |last18=Behar |first18=Doron M. |last19=Calafell |first19=Francesc |last20=Jobling |first20=Mark A. |title=The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 2008 |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=725–736 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007 |pmid=19061982 |pmc=2668061 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Al Zahery et al.|2003}} |last1=Al-Zahery |first1=N. |last2=Semino |first2=O. |last3=Benuzzi |first3=G. |last4=Magri |first4=C. |last5=Passarino |first5=G. |last6=Torroni |first6=A. |last7=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first7=A.S. |title=Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=September 2003 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=458–472 |doi=10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00039-3 |pmid=12927131 }}
{{Citation

| last1 = Balanovsky |ref={{harvid|Balanovsky et al.|2008}}

| last2 =Rootsi

| first2 =Siiri

| title = Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context

| journal = American Journal of Human Genetics

| volume = 82

| issue = 1

| pages = 236–250

| year = 2008

| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019

| pmid=18179905

| pmc=2253976

| first1 = Oleg

| last3 = Pshenichnov

| first3 = Andrey

| last4 = Kivisild

| first4 = Toomas

| last5 = Churnosov

| first5 = Michail

| last6 = Evseeva

| first6 = Irina

| last7 = Pocheshkhova

| first7 = Elvira

| last8 = Boldyreva

| first8 = Margarita

| last9 = Yankovsky

| first9 = Nikolay| last10 = Balanovska| first10 = Elena| last11 = Villems| first11 = Richard| display-authors = 8}}

{{Citation | author=Bamshad | year=2001 | title=Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations | periodical=Genome Research | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=994–1004 | pmid=11381027 | doi=10.1101/gr.GR-1733RR | pmc=311057 | last2=Kivisild | first2=T | last3=Watkins | first3=WS | last4=Dixon | first4=ME | last5=Ricker | first5=CE | last6=Rao | first6=BB | last7=Naidu | first7=JM | last8=Prasad | first8=BV | last9=Reddy | first9=PG| display-authors=8 | author10=Rasanayagam,A | author11=Papiha,S. S. | author12=Villems,R | author13=Redd,A. J. | author14=Hammer,M. F. | author15=Nguyen,S. V. | author16=Carroll,M. L. | author17=Batzer,M. A. | author18=Jorde,L. B. |ref={{harvid|Bamshad et al.|2001}}}}.
{{Citation |last1=Barać |first1=L |author2=Pericić M |author3=Klarić IM |display-authors=etal |title=Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=535–42 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12825075 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200992 |s2cid=15822710 |url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Barac2003.pdf |postscript=. |ref={{harvid|Barać et al.|2003}} |doi-access=free |access-date=2009-10-22 |archive-date=2012-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217135007/http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Barac2003.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{Citation| year=2008 | title=Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe | journal=European Journal of Human Genetics | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2008.249 | pmid=19107149 | pmc=2947100 | volume=17 | issue=6| last2=Fornarino| first2=Simona| last3=Al-Zahery| first3=Nadia| last4=Olivieri| first4=Anna| last5=Pala| first5=Maria| last6=Myres| first6=Natalie M| last7=King| first7=Roy J| last8=Rootsi| first8=Siiri| last9=Marjanovic| first9=Damir| last10=Primorac | first10=Dragan | last11=Hadziselimovic | first11=Rifat | last12=Vidovic | first12=Stojko | last13=Drobnic | first13=Katia | last14=Durmishi | first14=Naser | last15=Torroni | first15=Antonio | last16=Santachiara-Benerecetti | first16=A Silvana | last17=Underhill | first17=Peter A | last18=Semino | first18=Ornella | pages=820–830| display-authors=8 |last1 = Battaglia|first1 = V.|ref={{harvid|Battaglia et al.|2008}}}}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Behar et al.|2003}} |last1=Behar |first1=Doron M. |last2=Thomas |first2=Mark G. |last3=Skorecki |first3=Karl |last4=Hammer |first4=Michael F. |last5=Bulygina |first5=Ekaterina |last6=Rosengarten |first6=Dror |last7=Jones |first7=Abigail L. |last8=Held |first8=Karen |last9=Moses |first9=Vivian |last10=Goldstein |first10=David |last11=Bradman |first11=Neil |last12=Weale |first12=Michael E. |title=Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=October 2003 |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=768–779 |doi=10.1086/378506 |pmid=13680527 |pmc=1180600 }}
{{Citation|author=Bowden |title=Excavating Past Population Structures by Surname-Based Sampling: The Genetic Legacy of the Vikings in Northwest England|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|year= 2008 |volume=25|issue=2|pages=301–309|doi=10.1093/molbev/msm255|pmid=18032405|pmc=2628767|last2=Balaresque|first2=P.|last3=King|first3=T. E.|last4=Hansen|first4=Z.|last5=Lee|first5=A. C.|last6=Pergl-Wilson|first6=G.|last7=Hurley|first7=E.|last8=Roberts|first8=S. J.|last9=Waite|first9=P.|last10=Jesch|first10=J.|last11=Jones|first11=A. L.|last12=Thomas|first12=M. G.|last13=Harding|first13=S. E.|last14=Jobling|first14=M. A.|display-authors=8|ref={{harvid|Bowden et al.|2008}}}}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Capelli et al.|2003}} |last1=Capelli |first1=Cristian |last2=Redhead |first2=Nicola |last3=Abernethy |first3=Julia K. |last4=Gratrix |first4=Fiona |last5=Wilson |first5=James F. |last6=Moen |first6=Torolf |last7=Hervig |first7=Tor |last8=Richards |first8=Martin |last9=Stumpf |first9=Michael P.H. |last10=Underhill |first10=Peter A. |last11=Bradshaw |first11=Paul |last12=Shaha |first12=Alom |last13=Thomas |first13=Mark G. |last14=Bradman |first14=Neal |last15=Goldstein |first15=David B. |title=A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles |journal=Current Biology |date=May 2003 |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=979–984 |doi=10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00373-7 |pmid=12781138 |s2cid=526263 |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/10690515/A_Y_chromosome_census_of_the_British_Isles.pdf }}
{{Citation | last1=Cinnioğlu| title=Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia | journal=Hum Genet | volume=114 | year=2004 | doi=10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4 | pages=127–48 | pmid=14586639 | first1=Cengiz | last2=King | first2=Roy | last3=Kivisild | first3=Toomas | last4=Kalfoglu | first4=Ersi | last5=Atasoy | first5=Sevil | last6=Cavalleri | first6=Gianpiero L. | last7=Lillie | first7=Anita S. | last8=Roseman | first8=Charles C. | last9=Lin | first9=Alice A. | last10=Prince | first10=Kristina | last11=Oefner | first11=Peter J. | last12=Shen | first12=Peidong | last13=Semino | first13=Ornella | last14=Cavalli-Sforza | first14=L. Luca | last15=Underhill | first15=Peter A. | issue=2| s2cid=10763736 |ref={{harvid|Cinnioğlu et al.|2004}}}}
{{Citation|author=Cordaux|year=2004|title=Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages|journal=Current Biology|pages=231–235|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024|pmid=14761656|volume=14|last2=Aunger|first2=Robert|last3=Bentley|first3=Gillian|last4=Nasidze|first4=Ivane|last5=Sirajuddin|first5=S.M.|last6=Stoneking|first6=Mark|issue=3|s2cid=5721248|ref={{harvid|Cordaux et al.|2004}}|doi-access=free}}
{{Citation|author=Dupuy|year=2005|title=Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway|journal=Forensic Science International|volume=164|pages=10–19|url=http://www.freewebs.com/rus_anthro/Dupuy_2005_Geographical_heterogeneity_of_Y_chromosomal_lineages_in_Norway_FSI.pdf|pmid=16337760|last2=Stenersen|first2=M|last3=Lu|first3=TT|last4=Olaisen|first4=B|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.009|ref={{harvid|Dupuy et al.|2005}}}}
{{Citation|last1=Ennafaa | first1=Hajer | last2=Fregel | first2=Rosa | last3=Khodjet-el-khil| first3=Houssein |last4=Gonzalez| first4=Ana M | last5=Mahmoudi | first5=Hejer Abdallah El | last6=Cabrera | first6=Vicente M | last7=Larruga | first7=José M | last8=Benammar-Elgaaïed | first8=Amel |year=2011|title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia| journal=Journal of Human Genetics|volume=56|issue=10|doi=10.1038/jhg.2011.92|pages=734–41|pmid=21833004 | doi-access=free }}
{{Citation| author=Firasat| year=2007 | title=Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan | doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726 | journal=European Journal of Human Genetics | volume=15 | pages=121–126 | pmid=17047675 | pmc=2588664 | issue=1| last2=Khaliq| first2=Shagufta| last3=Mohyuddin| first3=Aisha| last4=Papaioannou| first4=Myrto| last5=Tyler-Smith| first5=Chris| last6=Underhill| first6=Peter A| last7=Ayub| first7=Qasim|ref={{harvid|Firasat et al.|2007}}}}
{{Citation|author=Fornarino|year=2009|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-154|title=Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation|pmid=19573232|pmc=2720951| volume=9|last2=Pala|first2=Maria|last3=Battaglia|first3=Vincenza|last4=Maranta|first4=Ramona|last5=Achilli|first5=Alessandro|last6=Modiano|first6=Guido|last7=Torroni|first7=Antonio|last8=Semino|first8=Ornella|last9=Santachiara-Benerecetti|first9=Silvana A|issue=1 |pages=154|ref={{harvid|Fornarino et al.|2009}} |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009BMCEE...9..154F }}
{{Citation|author=Helgason |year=2000|title=Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|doi=10.1086/303046|last2=Sigurðardóttir|first2=Sigrún|last3=Nicholson|first3=Jayne|last4=Sykes|first4=Bryan|last5=Hill|first5=Emmeline W.|last6=Bradley|first6=Daniel G.|last7=Bosnes|first7=Vidar|last8=Gulcher|first8=Jeffery R.|last9=Ward|first9=Ryk|last10=Stefánsson|first10=Kári|volume=67|issue=3|pages=697–717|pmid=10931763|pmc=1287529|display-authors=8|ref={{harvid|Helgason et al.|2000}}}}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Kasperaviciūte et al.|2005}} |last1=Kasperavičiūtė |first1=D. |last2=Kučinskas |first2=V. |last3=Stoneking |first3=M. |title=Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Lithuanians: Y Chomosome and mtDNA Variation in Lithuanians |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=September 2004 |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=438–452 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00119.x |pmid=15469421 |s2cid=26562505 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Kayser et al.|2005}} |last1=Kayser |first1=Manfred |last2=Lao |first2=Oscar |last3=Anslinger |first3=Katja |last4=Augustin |first4=Christa |last5=Bargel |first5=Grazyna |last6=Edelmann |first6=Jeanett |last7=Elias |first7=Sahar |last8=Heinrich |first8=Marielle |last9=Henke |first9=Jürgen |last10=Henke |first10=Lotte |last11=Hohoff |first11=Carsten |last12=Illing |first12=Anett |last13=Jonkisz |first13=Anna |last14=Kuzniar |first14=Piotr |last15=Lebioda |first15=Arleta |last16=Lessig |first16=Rüdiger |last17=Lewicki |first17=Slawomir |last18=Maciejewska |first18=Agnieszka |last19=Monies |first19=Dorota Marta |last20=Pawłowski |first20=Ryszard |last21=Poetsch |first21=Micaela |last22=Schmid |first22=Dagmar |last23=Schmidt |first23=Ulrike |last24=Schneider |first24=Peter M. |last25=Stradmann-Bellinghausen |first25=Beate |last26=Szibor |first26=Reinhard |last27=Wegener |first27=Rudolf |last28=Wozniak |first28=Marcin |last29=Zoledziewska |first29=Magdalena |last30=Roewer |first30=Lutz |last31=Dobosz |first31=Tadeusz |last32=Ploski |first32=Rafal |title=Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis |journal=Human Genetics |date=September 2005 |volume=117 |issue=5 |pages=428–443 |doi=10.1007/s00439-005-1333-9 |pmid=15959808 |s2cid=11066186 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Kharkov et al.|2004}} |last1=Kharkov |first1=V. N. |last2=Stepanov |first2=V. A. |last3=Borinskaya |first3=S. A. |last4=Kozhekbaeva |first4=Zh. M. |last5=Gusar |first5=V. A. |last6=Grechanina |first6=E. Ya. |last7=Puzyrev |first7=V. P. |last8=Khusnutdinova |first8=E. K. |last9=Yankovsky |first9=N. K. |title=Gene Pool Structure of Eastern Ukrainians as Inferred from the Y-Chromosome Haplogroups |journal=Russian Journal of Genetics |date=March 2004 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=326–331 |doi=10.1023/B:RUGE.0000021635.80528.2f |s2cid=25907265 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Kharkov et al.|2005}} |last1=Kharkov |first1=V. N. |last2=Stepanov |first2=V. A. |last3=Feshchenko |first3=S. P. |last4=Borinskaya |first4=S. A. |last5=Yankovsky |first5=N. K. |last6=Puzyrev |first6=V. P. |title=Frequencies of Y Chromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians |journal=Russian Journal of Genetics |date=August 2005 |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=928–931 |doi=10.1007/s11177-005-0182-x |pmid=16161635 |s2cid=1357824 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Kharkov et al.|2007}} |last1=Kharkov |first1=V. N. |last2=Stepanov |first2=V. A. |last3=Medvedeva |first3=O. F. |last4=Spiridonova |first4=M. G. |last5=Voevoda |first5=M. I. |last6=Tadinova |first6=V. N. |last7=Puzyrev |first7=V. P. |title=Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups |journal=Russian Journal of Genetics |date=May 2007 |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=551–562 |doi=10.1134/S1022795407050110 |s2cid=566825 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|King et al.|2008}} |last1=King |first1=R. J. |last2=Özcan |first2=S. S. |last3=Carter |first3=T. |last4=Kalfoğlu |first4=E. |last5=Atasoy |first5=S. |last6=Triantaphyllidis |first6=C. |last7=Kouvatsi |first7=A. |last8=Lin |first8=A. A. |last9=Chow |first9=C-E. T. |last10=Zhivotovsky |first10=L. A. |last11=Michalodimitrakis |first11=M. |last12=Underhill |first12=P. A. |title=Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=March 2008 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=205–214 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x |pmid=18269686 |s2cid=22406638 }}
{{Citation | author=Kivisild | year=2003 | title=The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations | periodical=AJHG | volume= 72| issue= 2| pages= 313–32| doi=10.1086/346068 | pmid=12536373 | pmc=379225 | last2=Rootsi | first2=S. | last3=Metspalu | first3=M. | last4=Mastana | first4=S. | last5=Kaldma | first5=K. | last6=Parik | first6=J. | last7=Metspalu | first7=E. | last8=Adojaan | first8=M. | last9=Tolk | first9=H.-V.| last10=Stepanov | first10=V. | last11=Gölge | first11=M. | last12=Usanga | first12=E. | last13=Papiha | first13=S.S. | last14=Cinnioğlu | first14=C. | last15=King | first15=R. | last16=Cavalli-Sforza | first16=L. | last17=Underhill | first17=P.A. | last18=Villems | first18=R.|ref={{harvid|Kivisild et al.|2003}} }}.
{{cite book |ref={{harvid|Kivisild (2003)a}} |first1=Toomas |last1=Kivisild |first2=Siiri |last2=Rootsi |first3=Mait |last3=Metspalu |first4=Ene |last4=Metspalu |first5=Juri |last5=Parik |first6=Katrin |last6=Kaldma |first7=Esien |last7=Usanga |first8=Sarabjit |last8=Mastana |first9=Surinder S. |last9=Papiha |first10=Richard |last10=Villems |chapter=The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India |pages=215–222 |citeseerx=10.1.1.408.6337 |editor1-last=Bellwood |editor1-first=Peter S. |editor2-last=Renfrew |editor2-first=Colin |title=Examining the Farming/language Dispersal Hypothesis |year=2002 |publisher=McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge |isbn=978-1-902937-20-5 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Lell et al.|2002}} |last1=Lell |first1=Jeffrey T. |last2=Sukernik |first2=Rem I. |last3=Starikovskaya |first3=Yelena B. |last4=Su |first4=Bing |last5=Jin |first5=Li |last6=Schurr |first6=Theodore G. |last7=Underhill |first7=Peter A. |last8=Wallace |first8=Douglas C. |title=The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=January 2002 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=192–206 |doi=10.1086/338457 |pmid=11731934 |pmc=384887 }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Luca et al.|2006}} |last1=Luca |first1=F. |last2=Di Giacomo |first2=F. |last3=Benincasa |first3=T. |last4=Popa |first4=L.O. |last5=Banyko |first5=J. |last6=Kracmarova |first6=A. |last7=Malaspina |first7=P. |last8=Novelletto |first8=A. |last9=Brdicka |first9=R. |title=Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=January 2007 |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=132–139 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20500 |pmid=17078035 |hdl=2108/35058 |hdl-access=free }}
{{Citation|author=Malaspina|year=2003|title=Analysis of Y-chromosome variation in modern populations at the European-Asian border|pages=309–313|url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Malaspina2003.pdf|ref={{harvid|Malaspina et al.|2003}}|display-authors=etal|access-date=2009-10-22|archive-date=2023-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624125920/http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Malaspina2003.pdf|url-status=dead}} in K. Boyle, C. Renfrew, and M. Levine, eds. Ancient interactions: east and west in Eurasia. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Monograph Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Marjanovic et al.|2005}} |last1=Marjanovic |first1=D. |last2=Fornarino |first2=S. |last3=Montagna |first3=S. |last4=Primorac |first4=D. |last5=Hadziselimovic |first5=R. |last6=Vidovic |first6=S. |last7=Pojskic |first7=N. |last8=Battaglia |first8=V. |last9=Achilli |first9=A. |last10=Drobnic |first10=K. |last11=Andjelinovic |first11=S. |last12=Torroni |first12=A. |last13=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first13=A. S. |last14=Semino |first14=O. |title=The Peopling of Modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome Haplogroups in the Three Main Ethnic Groups |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=November 2005 |volume=69 |issue=6 |pages=757–763 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x |pmid=16266413 |s2cid=36632274 }}
{{Citation|author=Mirabal |year=2009|title=Y-Chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=17|pages=1260–1273|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.6|pmid=19259129|pmc=2986641|issue=10|last2=Regueiro|first2=Maria|last3=Cadenas|first3=Alicia M|last4=Cavalli-Sforza|first4=L Luca|last5=Underhill|first5=Peter A|last6=Verbenko|first6=Dmitry A|last7=Limborska|first7=Svetlana A|last8=Herrera|first8=Rene J|ref={{harvid|Mirabal et al.|2009}}}}
{{Citation | author=Mukherjee | publication-date=December 2001 | year=2001 | title=High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and West Asia into India | periodical=Journal of Genetics | volume=80 | issue=3 | pages=125–135 | doi=10.1007/BF02717908 | last2=Nebel | first2=Almut | last3=Oppenheim | first3=Ariella | last4=Majumder | first4=Partha P. | pmid=11988631| s2cid=13267463 |ref={{harvid|Mukherjee et al.|2001}}}}.
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nasidze et al.|2004}} |last1=Nasidze |first1=I. |last2=Ling |first2=E. Y. S. |last3=Quinque |first3=D. |last4=Dupanloup |first4=I. |last5=Cordaux |first5=R. |last6=Rychkov |first6=S. |last7=Naumova |first7=O. |last8=Zhukova |first8=O. |last9=Sarraf-Zadegan |first9=N. |last10=Naderi |first10=G. A. |last11=Asgary |first11=S. |last12=Sardas |first12=S. |last13=Farhud |first13=D. D. |last14=Sarkisian |first14=T. |last15=Asadov |first15=C. |last16=Kerimov |first16=A. |last17=Stoneking |first17=M. |title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=May 2004 |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=205–221 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x |pmid=15180701 |s2cid=27204150 |doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Francalacci et al.|2013}} |last1=Francalacci |first1=P. |last2=Morelli |first2=L. |last3=Angius |first3=A. |last4=Berutti |first4=R. |last5=Reinier |first5=F. |last6=Atzeni |first6=R. |last7=Pilu |first7=R. |last8=Busonero |first8=F. |last9=Maschio |first9=A. |last10=Zara |first10=I. |last11=Sanna |first11=D. |last12=Useli |first12=A. |last13=Urru |first13=M. F. |last14=Marcelli |first14=M. |last15=Cusano |first15=R. |last16=Oppo |first16=M. |last17=Zoledziewska |first17=M. |last18=Pitzalis |first18=M. |last19=Deidda |first19=F. |last20=Porcu |first20=E. |last21=Poddie |first21=F. |last22=Kang |first22=H. M. |last23=Lyons |first23=R. |last24=Tarrier |first24=B. |last25=Gresham |first25=J. B. |last26=Li |first26=B. |last27=Tofanelli |first27=S. |last28=Alonso |first28=S. |last29=Dei |first29=M. |last30=Lai |first30=S. |last31=Mulas |first31=A. |last32=Whalen |first32=M. B. |last33=Uzzau |first33=S. |last34=Jones |first34=C. |last35=Schlessinger |first35=D. |last36=Abecasis |first36=G. R. |last37=Sanna |first37=S. |last38=Sidore |first38=C. |last39=Cucca |first39=F. |title=Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny |journal=Science |date=2 August 2013 |volume=341 |issue=6145 |pages=565–569 |doi=10.1126/science.1237947 |pmid=23908240 |pmc=5500864 |bibcode=2013Sci...341..565F }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nasidze et al.|2005}} |last1=Nasidze |first1=Ivan |last2=Quinque |first2=Dominique |last3=Ozturk |first3=Murat |last4=Bendukidze |first4=Nina |last5=Stoneking |first5=Mark |title=MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups: MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=July 2005 |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=401–412 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x |pmid=15996169 |s2cid=23771698 }}
{{Citation | author=Passarino | year=2001 | title=The 49a,f haplotype 11 is a new marker of the EU19 lineage that traces migrations from northern regions of the black sea | periodical=Hum. Immunol. | volume=62 | issue=9 | pages=922–932 | doi=10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00291-9 | pmid=11543894| last2=Semino | first2=Ornella | last3=Magri | first3=Chiara | last4=Al-Zahery | first4=Nadia | last5=Benuzzi | first5=Giorgia | last6=Quintana-Murci | first6=Lluis | last7=Andellnovic | first7=Slmun | last8=Bullc-Jakus | first8=Floriana | last9=Liu | first9=Aiping | last10=Arslan | first10=Ahmet | last11=Santachiara-Benerecetti | first11=A.Silvana|ref={{harvid|Passarino et al.|2001}} }}.
{{Citation | author=Passarino | year=2002 | title=Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms | periodical=European Journal of Human Genetics | volume=10 | issue=9 | pages=521–9 | pmid=12173029 | doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200834 | last2=Cavalleri | first2=Gianpiero L | last3=Lin | first3=Alice A | last4=Cavalli-Sforza | first4=Luigi Luca | last5=Børresen-Dale | first5=Anne-Lise | last6=Underhill | first6=Peter A|ref={{harvid|Passarino et al.|2002}} | doi-access=free }}.
{{Citation | author=Pericic | year=2005 | title=High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations | periodical=Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume=22 | issue=10 | pages=1964–75 | pmid=15944443 | doi=10.1093/molbev/msi185 | last2=Lauc | first2=LB | last3=Klarić | first3=IM | last4=Rootsi | first4=S | last5=Janićijevic | first5=B | last6=Rudan | first6=I | last7=Terzić | first7=R | last8=Colak | first8=I | last9=Kvesić | first9=A| display-authors=8 | author10=Popović,D | author11=Sijacki,A | author12=Behluli,I | author13=Dordevic,D | author14=Efremovska,L | author15=Bajec,D. D. | author16=Stefanović,B. D. | author17=Villems,R | author18=Rudan,P |ref={{harvid|Pericic et al.|2005}} | doi-access=free }}.
{{Citation|author=Qamar |year=2002|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|title=Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan|doi=10.1086/339929|pmid=11898125|pmc=447589|last2=Ayub|first2=Qasim|last3=Mohyuddin|first3=Aisha|last4=Helgason|first4=Agnar|last5=Mazhar|first5=Kehkashan|last6=Mansoor|first6=Atika|last7=Zerjal|first7=Tatiana|last8=Tyler-Smith|first8=Chris|last9=Mehdi|first9=S. Qasim|volume=70|issue=5|pages=1107–1124|ref={{harvid|Qamar et al.|2002}}}}
{{Citation|author=Quintana-Murci |year=2001|title=Y-chromosome lineages trace diffusion of people and languages in southwestern Asia|journal= American Journal of Human Genetics|pages=537–542|volume=68|doi=10.1086/318200|pmid=11133362|last2=Krausz|first2=C|last3=Zerjal|first3=T|last4=Sayar|first4=SH|last5=Hammer|first5=MF|last6=Mehdi|first6=SQ|last7=Ayub|first7=Q|last8=Qamar|first8=R|last9=Mohyuddin|first9=A|last10=Radhakrishna|first10=Uppala|last11=Jobling|first11=Mark A.|last12=Tyler-Smith|first12=Chris|last13=McElreavey|first13=Ken|issue=2|pmc=1235289|display-authors=8|ref={{harvid|Quintana-Murci et al.|2001}} }}
{{Citation | last1 = Regueiro | title = Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration| journal = Hum Hered| volume = 61| issue = 3| pages = 132–143| year =2006 | doi =10.1159/000093774 | pmid=16770078 | first1 = M. | last2 = Cadenas | first2 = A.M. | last3 = Gayden | first3 = T. | last4 = Underhill | first4 = P.A. | last5 = Herrera | first5 = R.J.| s2cid = 7017701|ref={{harvid|Regueiro et al.|2006}} }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Rosser et al.|2000}} |last1=Rosser |first1=Zoë H. |last2=Zerjal |first2=Tatiana |last3=Hurles |first3=Matthew E. |last4=Adojaan |first4=Maarja |last5=Alavantic |first5=Dragan |last6=Amorim |first6=António |last7=Amos |first7=William |last8=Armenteros |first8=Manuel |last9=Arroyo |first9=Eduardo |last10=Barbujani |first10=Guido |last11=Beckman |first11=Gunhild |last12=Beckman |first12=Lars |last13=Bertranpetit |first13=Jaume |last14=Bosch |first14=Elena |last15=Bradley |first15=Daniel G. |last16=Brede |first16=Gaute |last17=Cooper |first17=Gillian |last18=Côrte-Real |first18=Helena B.S.M. |last19=de Knijff |first19=Peter |last20=Decorte |first20=Ronny |last21=Dubrova |first21=Yuri E. |last22=Evgrafov |first22=Oleg |last23=Gilissen |first23=Anja |last24=Glisic |first24=Sanja |last25=Gölge |first25=Mukaddes |last26=Hill |first26=Emmeline W. |last27=Jeziorowska |first27=Anna |last28=Kalaydjieva |first28=Luba |last29=Kayser |first29=Manfred |last30=Kivisild |first30=Toomas |last31=Kravchenko |first31=Sergey A. |last32=Krumina |first32=Astrida |last33=Kučinskas |first33=Vaidutis |last34=Lavinha |first34=João |last35=Livshits |first35=Ludmila A. |last36=Malaspina |first36=Patrizia |last37=Maria |first37=Syrrou |last38=McElreavey |first38=Ken |last39=Meitinger |first39=Thomas A. |last40=Mikelsaar |first40=Aavo-Valdur |last41=Mitchell |first41=R. John |last42=Nafa |first42=Khedoudja |last43=Nicholson |first43=Jayne |last44=Nørby |first44=Søren |last45=Pandya |first45=Arpita |last46=Parik |first46=Jüri |last47=Patsalis |first47=Philippos C. |last48=Pereira |first48=Luísa |last49=Peterlin |first49=Borut |last50=Pielberg |first50=Gerli |last51=Prata |first51=Maria João |last52=Previderé |first52=Carlo |last53=Roewer |first53=Lutz |last54=Rootsi |first54=Siiri |last55=Rubinsztein |first55=D.C. |last56=Saillard |first56=Juliette |last57=Santos |first57=Fabrício R. |last58=Stefanescu |first58=Gheorghe |last59=Sykes |first59=Bryan C. |last60=Tolun |first60=Aslihan |last61=Villems |first61=Richard |last62=Tyler-Smith |first62=Chris |last63=Jobling |first63=Mark A. |title=Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 2000 |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=1526–1543 |doi=10.1086/316890 |pmid=11078479 |pmc=1287948 }}
{{Citation | author= Saha| year=2005 | title=Genetic affinity among five different population groups in India reflecting a Y-chromosome gene flow | periodical=Journal of Human Genetics | volume=50 | issue=1 | pages=49–51 | pmid=15611834 | doi=10.1007/s10038-004-0219-3 | last2=Sharma | first2=Swarkar | last3=Bhat | first3=Audesh | last4=Pandit | first4=Awadesh | last5=Bamezai | first5=Ramesh|ref={{harvid|Saha et al.|2005}}| doi-access=free }}.
{{Citation | last1 = Sahoo | last2 = Singh| first2 = A| title = A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 103| issue = 4| pages = 843–848 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0507714103 | pmid=16415161 | pmc=1347984 | first1 = S. | last3 = Himabindu | first3 = G | last4 = Banerjee | first4 = J | last5 = Sitalaximi | first5 = T | last6 = Gaikwad | first6 = S | last7 = Trivedi | first7 = R | last8 = Endicott | first8 = P | last9 = Kivisild | first9 = T | last10 = Metspalu| first10 = M.| last11 = Villems| first11 = R.| last12 = Kashyap| first12 = V. K.| bibcode=2006PNAS..103..843S| display-authors = 8|ref={{harvid|Sahoo et al.|2006}}| doi-access = free}}
{{Citation|author=Sanchez |year=2003|title= Multiplex PCR and minisequencing of SNPs—a model with 35 Y chromosome SNPs|journal= Forensic Sci Int |volume=137|pages=74–84| doi=10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00299-8|pmid=14550618|last2=Børsting|first2=C|last3=Hallenberg|first3=C|last4=Buchard|first4=A|last5=Hernandez|first5=A|last6=Morling|first6=N|issue=1|ref={{harvid|Sanchez et al.|2003}}}}
{{Citation | author=Scozzari | year=2001 | journal=Human Immunology | volume=62 | title=Human Y-Chromosome Variation in the Western Mediterranean Area: Implications for the Peopling of the Region | url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Scozzari2001.pdf | doi=10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00286-5 | pages=871–884 | pmid=11543889 | issue=9 | last2=Cruciani | first2=F | last3=Pangrazio | first3=A | last4=Santolamazza | first4=P | last5=Vona | first5=G | last6=Moral | first6=P | last7=Latini | first7=V | last8=Varesi | first8=L | last9=Memmi | first9=MM | last10=Romano | first10=Valentino | last11=De Leo | first11=Giacomo | last12=Gennarelli | first12=Massimo | last13=Jaruzelska | first13=Jadwiga | last14=Villems | first14=Richard | last15=Parik | first15=Jüri | last16=MacAulay | first16=Vincent | last17=Torroni | first17=Antonio | display-authors=8 | ref={{harvid|Scozzari et al.|2001}} | citeseerx=10.1.1.408.4857 | access-date=2009-10-22 | archive-date=2012-12-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217135021/http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Scozzari2001.pdf | url-status=dead }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Semino et al.|2000}} |last1=Semino |first1=O. |last2=Passarino |first2=G |last3=Oefner |first3=PJ |last4=Lin |first4=AA |last5=Arbuzova |first5=S |last6=Beckman |first6=LE |last7=De Benedictis |first7=G |last8=Francalacci |first8=P |last9=Kouvatsi |first9=A |last10=Limborska |first10=S |last11=Marcikiae |first11=M |last12=Mika |first12=A |last13=Mika |first13=B |last14=Primorac |first14=D |last15=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first15=AS |last16=Cavalli-Sforza |first16=LL |last17=Underhill |first17=PA |title=The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective |journal=Science |date=10 November 2000 |volume=290 |issue=5494 |pages=1155–1159 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 |pmid=11073453 |bibcode=2000Sci...290.1155S }}
{{Citation | author=Sengupta | year=2005 | title=Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists | periodical=American Journal of Human Genetics | volume=78 | issue=2 | pages=202–21 | pmid=16400607 | doi=10.1086/499411 | pmc=1380230 | last2=Zhivotovsky | first2=Lev A. | last3=King | first3=Roy | last4=Mehdi | first4=S.Q. | last5=Edmonds | first5=Christopher A. | last6=Chow | first6=Cheryl-Emiliane T. | last7=Lin | first7=Alice A. | last8=Mitra | first8=Mitashree | last9=Sil | first9=Samir K.| last10=Ramesh | first10=A. | last11=Usha Rani | first11=M.V. | last12=Thakur | first12=Chitra M. | last13=Cavalli-Sforza | first13=L. Luca | last14=Majumder | first14=Partha P. | last15=Underhill | first15=Peter A. | display-authors=8 |ref={{harvid|Sengupta et al.|2005}} }}.
{{Citation| last = Sharma| title = The Autochthonous Origin and a Tribal Link of Indian Brahmins: Evaluation Through Molecular Genetic Markers| journal = THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN GENETICS 57th Annual Meeting| year = 2007| url = http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/annmeet/2007/call/abstractbook.pdf| display-authors = etal| access-date = 2009-10-22| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304100323/http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/annmeet/2007/call/abstractbook.pdf| archive-date = 2009-03-04| url-status = dead}}
{{Citation | last1 = Sharma | title = The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1(*)substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system| journal = Journal of Human Genetics| volume =54| issue =1| pages =47–55| year =2009| doi =10.1038/jhg.2008.2| pmid=19158816 | first1 = Swarkar | last2 = Rai | first2 = Ekta | last3 = Sharma | first3 = Prithviraj | last4 = Jena | first4 = Mamata | last5 = Singh | first5 = Shweta | last6 = Darvishi | first6 = Katayoon | last7 = Bhat | first7 = Audesh K | last8 = Bhanwer | first8 = A J S | last9 = Tiwari | first9 = Pramod Kumar| last10 = Bamezai| first10 = Rameshwar N K| display-authors = 8|ref={{harvid|Sharma et al.|2009}} | doi-access = free }}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Tambets et al.|2004}} |last1=Tambets |first1=Kristiina |last2=Rootsi |first2=Siiri |last3=Kivisild |first3=Toomas |last4=Help |first4=Hela |last5=Serk |first5=Piia |last6=Loogväli |first6=Eva-Liis |last7=Tolk |first7=Helle-Viivi |last8=Reidla |first8=Maere |last9=Metspalu |first9=Ene |last10=Pliss |first10=Liana |last11=Balanovsky |first11=Oleg |last12=Pshenichnov |first12=Andrey |last13=Balanovska |first13=Elena |last14=Gubina |first14=Marina |last15=Zhadanov |first15=Sergey |last16=Osipova |first16=Ludmila |last17=Damba |first17=Larisa |last18=Voevoda |first18=Mikhail |last19=Kutuev |first19=Ildus |last20=Bermisheva |first20=Marina |last21=Khusnutdinova |first21=Elza |last22=Gusar |first22=Vladislava |last23=Grechanina |first23=Elena |last24=Parik |first24=Jüri |last25=Pennarun |first25=Erwan |last26=Richard |first26=Christelle |last27=Chaventre |first27=Andre |last28=Moisan |first28=Jean-Paul |last29=Barać |first29=Lovorka |last30=Peričić |first30=Marijana |last31=Rudan |first31=Pavao |last32=Terzić |first32=Rifat |last33=Mikerezi |first33=Ilia |last34=Krumina |first34=Astrida |last35=Baumanis |first35=Viesturs |last36=Koziel |first36=Slawomir |last37=Rickards |first37=Olga |last38=De Stefano |first38=Gian Franco |last39=Anagnou |first39=Nicholas |last40=Pappa |first40=Kalliopi I. |last41=Michalodimitrakis |first41=Emmanuel |last42=Ferák |first42=Vladimir |last43=Füredi |first43=Sandor |last44=Komel |first44=Radovan |last45=Beckman |first45=Lars |last46=Villems |first46=Richard |title=The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic 'Outliers' Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=April 2004 |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=661–682 |doi=10.1086/383203 |pmid=15024688 |pmc=1181943 }}
{{Citation|year=2009|title=Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.194|pmid=19888303|pmc=2987245|volume=18|issue=4|last2=Myres|first2=Natalie M|last3=Rootsi|first3=Siiri|last4=Metspalu|first4=Mait|last5=Zhivotovsky|first5=Lev A|last6=King|first6=Roy J|last7=Lin|first7=Alice A|last8=Chow|first8=Cheryl-Emiliane T|last9=Semino|first9=Ornella|last10=Battaglia|first10=Vincenza|last11=Kutuev|first11=Ildus|last12=Järve|first12=Mari|last13=Chaubey|first13=Gyaneshwer|last14=Ayub|first14=Qasim|last15=Mohyuddin|first15=Aisha|last16=Mehdi|first16=S Qasim|last17=Sengupta|first17=Sanghamitra|last18=Rogaev|first18=Evgeny I|last19=Khusnutdinova|first19=Elza K|last20=Pshenichnov|first20=Andrey|last21=Balanovsky|first21=Oleg|last22=Balanovska|first22=Elena|last23=Jeran|first23=Nina|last24=Augustin|first24=Dubravka Havas|last25=Baldovic|first25=Marian|last26=Herrera|first26=Rene J|last27=Thangaraj|first27=Kumarasamy|last28=Singh|first28=Vijay|last29=Singh|first29=Lalji|last30=Majumder|first30=Partha|pages=479–484|display-authors=8|last1 = Underhill|first1 = P.A.|ref={{harvid|Underhill et al.|2009}}}}
{{Citation | last=Varzari | first=Alexander | year=2006 | title=Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms | periodical=Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München | url=http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5868/1/Varzari_Alexander.pdf }}
{{Citation|author=Völgyi |year=2008|title=Hungarian population data for 11 Y-STR and 49 Y-SNP markers|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics |volume=3|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.04.006|last2=Zalán|first2=Andrea|last3=Szvetnik|first3=Enikő|last4=Pamjav|first4=Horolma|issue=2|pages=e27–e28|pmid=19215861|ref={{harvid|Völgyi et al.|2008}}}}
{{Citation | last = Wang| title = The origins and genetic structure of three co-resident Chinese Muslim populations: the Salar, Bo'an and Dongxiang| journal = Human Genetics| volume = 113| issue = 3| pages = 244–52| year = 2003| doi = 10.1007/s00439-003-0948-y |ref={{harvid|Wang et al.|2003}} | pmid=12759817| s2cid = 11138499}}
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Weale et al.|2001}} |last1=Weale |first1=Michael E. |last2=Yepiskoposyan |first2=Levon |last3=Jager |first3=Rolf F. |last4=Hovhannisyan |first4=Nelli |last5=Khudoyan |first5=Armine |last6=Burbage-Hall |first6=Oliver |last7=Bradman |first7=Neil |last8=Thomas |first8=Mark G. |title=Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group |journal=Human Genetics |date=December 2001 |volume=109 |issue=6 |pages=659–674 |doi=10.1007/s00439-001-0627-9 |pmid=11810279 |s2cid=23113666 }}
{{Citation | author=Weale | year=2002 | title=Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration | periodical=Mol. Biol. Evol.| volume=19 | issue=7 | pages=1008–1021 | pmid=12082121 | last2=Weiss | first2=DA | last3=Jager | first3=RF | last4=Bradman | first4=N | last5=Thomas | first5=MG | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004160|ref={{harvid|Weale et al.|2002}} | doi-access=free }}.
{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Wells et al.|2001}} |last1=Wells |first1=R. Spencer |last2=Yuldasheva |first2=Nadira |last3=Ruzibakiev |first3=Ruslan |last4=Underhill |first4=Peter A. |last5=Evseeva |first5=Irina |last6=Blue-Smith |first6=Jason |last7=Jin |first7=Li |last8=Su |first8=Bing |last9=Pitchappan |first9=Ramasamy |last10=Shanmugalakshmi |first10=Sadagopal |last11=Balakrishnan |first11=Karuppiah |last12=Read |first12=Mark |last13=Pearson |first13=Nathaniel M. |last14=Zerjal |first14=Tatiana |last15=Webster |first15=Matthew T. |last16=Zholoshvili |first16=Irakli |last17=Jamarjashvili |first17=Elena |last18=Gambarov |first18=Spartak |last19=Nikbin |first19=Behrouz |last20=Dostiev |first20=Ashur |last21=Aknazarov |first21=Ogonazar |last22=Zalloua |first22=Pierre |last23=Tsoy |first23=Igor |last24=Kitaev |first24=Mikhail |last25=Mirrakhimov |first25=Mirsaid |last26=Chariev |first26=Ashir |last27=Bodmer |first27=Walter F. |title=The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=28 August 2001 |volume=98 |issue=18 |pages=10244–10249 |doi=10.1073/pnas.171305098 |pmid=11526236 |pmc=56946 |jstor=3056514 |bibcode=2001PNAS...9810244W |doi-access=free }}
{{Citation | last=Wells | first=Spencer | author-link=Spencer Wells | year=2002 | title=The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey | publisher=Princeton University Press}}.
{{Citation|author=Wilson|year= 2001|title= Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles|journal= Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.|pages=5078–5083| doi=10.1073/pnas.071036898|issue=9|pmid=11287634|pmc=33166 |volume=98|last2=Weiss|first2=DA|last3=Richards|first3=M|last4=Thomas|first4=MG|last5=Bradman|first5=N|last6=Goldstein|first6=DB|bibcode=2001PNAS...98.5078W|display-authors=etal|doi-access= free}}
{{Citation|author=Zerjal|year=2001 |title= Geographical, linguistic, and cultural influences on genetic diversity: Y-chromosomal distribution in Northern European populations|journal= Mol Biol Evol |volume=18 |pages=1077–1087|pmid=11371596|last2=Beckman|first2=L|last3=Beckman|first3=G|last4=Mikelsaar|first4=AV|last5=Krumina|first5=A|last6=Kucinskas|first6=V|last7=Hurles|first7=ME|last8=Tyler-Smith|first8=C|issue=6 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003879|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}
{{Citation

| last1 = Zerjal

| last2 =Wells

| first2 =R. Spencer

| title = A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia

| journal = American Journal of Human Genetics

| volume = 71

| issue = 3

| pages = 466–482

| year = 2002

| doi = 10.1086/342096

| pmid=12145751

| pmc=419996

| first1 = Tatiana

| last3 = Yuldasheva

| first3 = Nadira

| last4 = Ruzibakiev

| first4 = Ruslan

| last5 = Tyler-Smith

| first5 = Chris|display-authors=etal}}

{{Citation

| last1 = Adhikarla

| first1 = Syama

| title = Studies on the migration and isolation of selected ancient populations of India- a non recombinant Y chromosome

| journal = Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

| volume = 71

| year = 2012

| access-date = June 25, 2023

| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263472808

| ref = {{harvid|Syama|2012}}

}}

{{Citation | last1 = Zhou | last2 = An| first2 = Lizhe| title = Testing the hypothesis of an ancient Roman soldier origin of the Liqian people in northwest China: a Y-chromosome perspective| journal = Journal of Human Genetics| volume = 52| issue = 7| pages = 584–91| year = 2007| doi = 10.1007/s10038-007-0155-0| pmid=17579807 | first1 = Ruixia | last3 = Wang | first3 = Xunling | last4 = Shao | first4 = Wei | last5 = Lin | first5 = Gonghua | last6 = Yu | first6 = Weiping | last7 = Yi | first7 = Lin | last8 = Xu | first8 = Shijian | last9 = Xu | first9 = Jiujin| last10 = Xie| first10 = Xiaodong|ref={{harvid|Zhou et al.|2007}} | doi-access = free }}
{{Citation|author=Zhao |title=Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes|journal=Annals of Human Biology|year=2009|pages=1–14|doi=10.1080/03014460802558522|volume=36|pmid=19058044|pmc=2755252|last2=Khan|first2=Faisal|last3=Borkar|first3=Minal|last4=Herrera|first4=Rene|last5=Agrawal|first5=Suraksha|issue=1|ref={{harvid|Zhao et al.|2009}}}}