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List of lilioid families

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File:Vanilla1web.jpg, the source of vanillin, in the family Orchidaceae{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=151–159}}]]

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{{For|the other monocot families|List of alismatid families|List of commelinid families}}

The lilioid monocots are a group of 33 interrelated families of flowering plants.{{efn-la|The taxonomy (classification) in this list follows Plants of the World (2017){{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017}} and the fourth Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system.{{sfn|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|2016}} Total counts of genera for each family come from Plants of the World Online.{{sfn|POWO}} (See the [https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/data-and-digital/terms-of-use POWO license].) Extinct taxa are not included.}} They generally have tepals (indistinguishable petals and sepals) similar to those on the true lilies (Lilium).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=131–174}}{{sfn|ps=none|Zomlefer et al.|2001|loc=Abstract}}{{sfn|Meerow|2002|p=37}} Like other monocots{{efn-la|The lilioids and the commelinids together form a clade of the monocots, that is, a subgroup consisting of all the descendants of a theoretical ancient ancestor. The monocots, including the grass, palm, banana, ginger, asparagus, pineapple, sedge and onion families, are the plants responsible for most of the global agricultural output.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=10,642}}{{sfn|Givnish|Ames|McNeal|McKain|2010|p=585}}{{sfn|Royal Botanic Gardens}}}} they usually have a single embryonic leaf (cotyledon) in their seeds, scattered vascular systems, leaves with parallel veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and roots that can develop in more than one place along the stems.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=115–116}}

The lilioids can be subdivided into five orders: Asparagales, Dioscoreales, Liliales, Pandanales and Petrosaviales. Asparagales is roughly tied with Poales for the most diverse monocot order and includes Orchidaceae, the largest flowering plant family, with more than 26,000 species.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=151–159}}{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=[https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm Asparagales]}} Plants in Dioscoreales, such as yams, usually have inflorescences with glandular hairs.{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=[https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm Dioscoreales]}} In Liliales, plants often have elliptical leaves with up to seven primary veins, inflorescences at the tips of stems, and nectar-producing glands on the tepals.{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=[https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/lilialesweb.htm Liliales]}} Pandanales includes fragile, non-herbaceous and drought-tolerant species, with leaves often arranged in three vertical rows.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=136}}{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=[https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/Pandanalesweb.htm Pandanales]}} Petrosaviales includes species with spirally arranged leaves, nectar-producing glands, and racemes (unbranched inflorescences with short flower stalks).{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=[https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/Petrosavialesweb.htm Petrosaviales]}}

Glossary

From the glossary of botanical terms:

The APG IV system is the fourth in a series of plant taxonomies from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.{{sfn|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|2016}}

Families

class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders"

|+{{sronly|Families}}

! scope="col" width="1%" |Family and a common name{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=131–174}}{{efn-la|Each family's formal name ends in the Latin suffix wikt:-aceae

aceae and is derived from the name of a genus that is or once was part of the family.{{sfn|ICN|loc=art. 18}}}}

! scope="col" width="15%" |Type genus and etymology{{efn-la|Some plants were named for naturalists (unless otherwise noted).}}

! scope="col" width="15%" |Total genera; global distribution

! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="min-width:160px;" width="30%" |Description and uses

! scope="col" width="1%" |Order{{sfn|Stevens|2023|loc=Summary of APG IV}}

! scope="col" class="unsortable" width="1%" |Type genus images

scope="row" |Alstroemeria­ceae
(Inca-lily family)

|Alstroemeria was named for Clas Alströmer (1736–1794).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=144–145}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126742-1 Alstroemeriaceae, Type]}}

|4 genera, in Australia, New Zealand and central and southern parts of the Americas{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=144–145}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Alstroemeriaceae}}

|Generally rhizomatous herbaceous perennials, erect or climbing. Alstroemeria ligtu and Bomerea edulis are cultivated as food crops, and Alstroemeria flowers are bred by horticulturists for the cut-flower trade.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=144–145}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Alstroemeriaceae, Neotropikey}}{{efn-la|name=note1}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Alstroemeria aurea

|image1 = Inca Lily (3439871894).jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Amancay 01.jpg | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Amaryllidaceae
(onion family)

|Amaryllis was the name of a mythical Greek shepherdess.{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=41}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30000959-2 Amaryllidaceae, Type]}}

|69 genera, almost worldwide{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=170–171}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Amaryllidaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials growing from fleshy rhizomes or bulbs. Allium has been consumed as food or seasoning since the Bronze Age or earlier; today it includes onions, shallots, leeks and garlic. Many bulbs in this family are commercially important in the bulb trade, and Hippeastrum and Narcissus are popular in the cut-flower trade.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=170–171}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Amaryllidaceae, Flora of West Tropical Africa}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Amaryllis belladonna

|image1 = Fleur d'Amaryllis belladonna L. 01.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Amaryllis belladonna L. en fleur.jpg | alt2=flower and leaves }}

scope="row" |Asparagaceae
(hyacinth family)

|Asparagus comes from a Latin plant name.{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=54}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30275682-2 Asparagaceae, Type]}}

|120 genera, worldwide, except in the eastern Amazon basin and some deserts{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=171–174}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Asparagaceae}}

|Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants that grow in soil or rarely on other plants. Asparagus and Agave have long histories of use in food and drink, while sisal is used for rope-making. Many species are grown as ornamentals or cut-flowers.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=171–174}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Asparagaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Asparagus officinalis

|image1 = Asparagus officinalis flowers 01.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Asparagus officinalis – Transylvania 2.jpg | alt2=flowers and foliage }}

scope="row" |Asphodelaceae
(daylily family)

|Asphodelus is from a Greek plant name.{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=54}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=107 Asphodelaceae, Type]}}

|41 genera, worldwide, except in North America{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=168}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Asphodelaceae}}

|Climbing, shrubby, tree-like or herbaceous perennials. The sap of Aloe vera has widespread use in cosmetics and food. Aloe, Asphodeline, Bulbine, Eremurus, Gasteria, Haworthia and Kniphofia are popular ornamentals.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=168}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Asphodelaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Asphodelus ramosus

|image1 = Asphodelus ramosus 002.JPG | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Asphodelus ramosus7.jpg | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Asteliaceae
(pineapple-grass family)

|Astelia is from the Greek for "columnless" (or "trunkless").{{sfn|Bayton|2020|p=51}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=109 Asteliaceae, Type]}}

|3 genera, scattered in the Southern Hemisphere, mostly{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=160–161}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Asteliaceae}}

|Herbaceous tufted perennials that grow in soil, or sometimes on other plants. Leaves of Astelia grandis are used in woven handicrafts in New Zealand.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=160–161}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Astelia nervosa

|image1 = Astelia nervosa kz08.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Astelia nervosa kz1.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Blandfordiaceae
(Christmas-bells family)

|Blandfordia was named for George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough (1766–1840).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=160}}

|1 genus, in Eastern Australia, including Tasmania{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=160}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Blandfordiaceae}}

|Herbaceous tufted perennials growing from thickened rhizomes. The sole genus is bred and cultivated for the cut-flower trade.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=160}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Blandfordia nobilis

|image1 = Blandfordia nobilis Berowra Valley.JPG | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Blandfordia nobilis (50698703901).jpg | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Boryaceae
(pincushion-lily family)

|Borya was named for Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846).{{sfn|Burkhardt|2018|p=B-79}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=1585 Boryaceae, Type]}}

|2 genera, in Australia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=159–160}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Boryaceae}}

|Perennial clumpy shrubs{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=159–160}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Borya sphaerocephala

|image1 = Borya sphaerocephala - Flickr - Kevin Thiele.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Borya sphaerocephala Togetherness.jpg | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Burmanniaceae
(bluethreads family)

|Burmannia was named for Johannes Burman (1707–1780).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126740-1 Burmanniaceae, Type]}}

|14 genera, in the tropics worldwide, the United States, Japan, and Oceania{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Burmanniaceae}}

|Generally blue, purple or white herbaceous plants. Some species rely on fungi and organic material rather than photosynthesis.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Burmanniaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}{{efn-la|name=note1|Some taxonomists prefer to place some of Burmanniaceae's genera in two additional families, named Thismiaceae and Taccaceae, and some of Alstroemeriaceae's genera in one additional family, named Luzuriagaceae.{{sfn|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|2016}} }}

|Dioscore­ales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Burmannia disticha

|image1 = Burmannia disticha flower.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Burmannia disticha base.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Campynemata­ceae
(green-mountainlily family)

|Campynema is from the Greek for "bent thread".{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=141}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=202 Campynemataceae, Type]}}

|2 genera, in Tasmania and New Caledonia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=141}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Campynemataceae}}

|Rhizomatous herbaceous perennials, with just one or a few leaves clustered at the plant's base{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=141}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Campynema lineare

|image1 = Campynema purple.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Campynema green.jpg | alt2=flower }}

scope="row" |Colchicaceae
(naked-ladies family)

|Colchicum was named for Colchis (on the Black Sea, in modern-day Georgia).{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=100}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126743-1 Colchicaceae, Type]}}

|15 genera, in a variety of temperate and tropical habitats, although not in South America{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=145–146}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Colchicaceae}}

|Herbaceous or slightly woody perennials, erect or climbing, with rhizomes, tubers or corms. Most species are toxic, and sometimes deadly to livestock. Colchicine (from Colchicum) is used in the study of cell division.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=145–146}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Colchicaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Colchicum autumnale

|image1 = 20200904Colchicum autumnale1.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = 20210425Colchicum autumnale1.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Corsiaceae
(ghost-flower family)

|Corsia was named for Bardo Corsi Salviati (1844–1907), an Italian nobleman.{{sfn|Burkhardt|2018|p=C-63}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126741-1 Corsiaceae, Type]}}

|3 genera, in Southern South America, southern China and Oceania{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=141–142}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Corsiaceae}}

|Rhizomatous or tuberous herbaceous perennials, relying on fungi and organic matter instead of photosynthesis{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=141–142}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Corsiaceae, Neotropikey}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Corsia ornata

|image1 = CorsiaOrnata.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Corsia ornata botanical.png | alt2=illustration }}

scope="row" |Cyclanthaceae
(Panama hat family)

|Cyclanthus is from the Greek for "circle of flowers".{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=110}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126752-1 Cyclanthaceae, Type]}}

|12 genera, in the tropical Americas{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=139}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Cyclanthaceae}}

|Perennials growing in soil or on other plants. Straw from Carludovica palmata is woven into baskets and Panama hats (which originated in Ecuador).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=139}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Cyclanthaceae, Neotropikey}}

|Pandanales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Cyclanthus bipartitus

|image1 = Cyclanthus bipartitus, fruit pods. (9729039846).jpg | alt1=fruit

|image2 = Split-leaf Cyclanthus (Cyclanthus bipartitus) (39832728445).jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Dioscoreaceae
(yam family)

|Dioscorea was named for Pedanius Dioscorides (c. 40 – c. 90).{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=134–135}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126727-1 Dioscoreaceae, Type]}}

|4 genera, in the tropics and some temperate regions{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=134–135}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Dioscoreaceae}}

|Rhizomatous or tuberous plants, mostly vines. Yam species were first domesticated around 11,000 years ago, independently in West Africa and southern China.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=134–135}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Dioscoreaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Dioscore­ales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Dioscorea bulbifera

|image1 = Dioscorea bulbifera (5000915437).jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Dioscorea bulbifera (the air potato) 06852.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Doryanthaceae
(gymea-lily family)

|Doryanthes is from the Greek for "spear of flowers".{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=123}}

|1 genus, in Eastern Australia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=163–164}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Doryanthaceae}}

|One genus of large tufted perennials. Their nectar helps sustain honeyeaters.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=163–164}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Doryanthes palmeri

|image1 = Doryanthes palmeri Zurich 03.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Doryanthes palmeri kz3.jpg | alt2=foliage and flowers }}

scope="row" |Hypoxidaceae
(stargrass family)

|Hypoxis comes from a Greek plant name.{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=172}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126735-1 Hypoxidaceae, Type]}}

|5 genera, throughout the tropics and in a few temperate zones in North America, Japan and Australia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=162–163}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Hypoxidaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials. The thickened rhizomes are covered with dead leaf sheaths and soft, short hairs.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=162–163}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Hypoxidaceae, Neotropikey}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Hypoxis hemerocallidea

|image1 = Hypoxis hemerocallidea kz01.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Hypoxis hemerocallidea BotGardBln1105InflorescenceHabitus.JPG | alt2=flowers and foliage }}

scope="row" |Iridaceae
(iris family)

|Iris comes from the Greek for "goddess of the rainbow".{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=177}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30001783-2 Iridaceae, Type]}}

|69 genera, worldwide, except in deserts{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=165–167}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Iridaceae}}

|Generally herbaceous perennials growing from bulbs, rhizomes or corms. Crocus sativus is grown commercially for the spice saffron. Many plants in this family are bred and cultivated as ornamentals, especially Freesia, Gladiolus, Iris and Ixia.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=165–167}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Iridaceae, Flora of West Tropical Africa}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Iris sibirica

|image1 = 00 3972 Blüte der „Sibirische Schwertlilie“ (Iris sibirica).jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Iris sibirica TK 2021-06-06 7.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Ixioliriaceae
(tartar-lily family)

|Ixiolirion comes from the genus Ixia and the Greek word for "lily".{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=177}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=589 Ixioliriaceae, Type]}}

|1 genus, in semi-desert zones from Egypt to Central Asia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=164}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Ixioliriaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials with corms and erect stems. Ixiolirion tataricum bulbs are sold as ornamentals.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=164}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Ixiolirion tataricum

|image1 = Ixiolirion tartaricum.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Ixiolirion tataricum 1.JPG | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Lanariaceae
(lambtails family)

|Lanaria is from the Greek for "woolly".{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=161–162}}

|1 genus, in Fynbos shrubland in southern South Africa{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=161–162}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Lanariaceae}}

|One species, a herbaceous perennial with erect, leafy rhizomes{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=161–162}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Lanaria lanata

|image1 = Lanaria lanata01.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Lanaria lanata Kleinmond 05.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Liliaceae
(lily family)

|Lilium comes from a Latin plant name.{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=191}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30000259-2 Liliaceae, Type]}}

|15 genera, in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in temperate zones{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=149–150}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Liliaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials with erect stems that grow from bulbs or rhizomes. Tulips (Tulipa) and true lilies (Lilium) are mainly bred for the cut-flower trade, but bulbs of some species are also consumed as food.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=149–150}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Liliaceae, Flora of West Tropical Africa}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Lilium bulbiferum

|image1 = Lilium bulbiferum 009.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Lilium bulbiferum 17.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Melanthiaceae
(wake robin family)

|Melanthium is from the Greek for "dark flowers".{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=204}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126739-1 Melanthiaceae, Type]}}

|14 genera, in the non-tropical Northern Hemisphere, and in Peru, Taiwan and the Himalayas{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=142–143}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Melanthiaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials with rhizomes and bulbs or other underground organs. Paris japonica has the largest known genome of any living thing.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=142–143}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Melanthium parviflorum

|image1 = Veratrum parviflorum1SHSU.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Veratrum parviflorum inflorescence.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Nartheciaceae
(bog asphodel family)

|Narthecium comes from a Greek plant name.{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=215}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/326442-2 Nartheciaceae, Type]}}

|5 genera, in parts of the United States, northern South America and Eurasia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=132–133}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Nartheciaceae}}

|Herbaceous rhizomatous perennials.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=132–133}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Nartheciaceae, Neotropikey}} Narthecium ossifragum has been used for dyeing.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=132–133}}

|Dioscore­ales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Narthecium asiaticum

|image1 = Narthecium asiaticum (flower s4).JPG | alt1=flower

|image2 = Narthecium asiaticum (leaf s2).JPG | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Orchidaceae
(orchid family)

|Orchis comes from the Greek for "testicle", from the shape of the paired root tubers of many Mediterranean species.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=151–159}}{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=225}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30000046-2 Orchidaceae, Type]}}

|707 genera, worldwide, especially in the tropics{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=151–159}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Orchidaceae}}

|Largely herbaceous plants that generally grow in soil or on other plants. Orchids are the largest family of vascular plants, with more than 26,000 species and 100,000 recorded cultivars. Vanilla is derived from the fermentation of Vanilla planifolia. Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, Paphiopedilum and Vanda are commonly grown ornamentals.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=151–159}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Orchidaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Orchis purpurea

|image1 = Orchis purpurea sl7.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Orchis purpurea 0001.jpg | alt2=flowers }}

scope="row" |Pandanaceae
(screwpine family)

|Pandanus was named for the Malay plant pandan, a curry spice.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=140}}{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=229}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=814 Pandanaceae, Type]}}

|5 genera, scattered throughout the Old World tropics{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=140}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Pandanaceae}}

|Woody vines, shrubs or palm-like trees, often with aerial roots. Pandanus conoideus is an important crop in Papua New Guinea. Other species of the genus are consumed in Indonesia, Micronesia and New Zealand.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=140}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Pandanaceae, Flora of West Tropical Africa}}

|Pandanales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Pandanus tectorius

|image1 = Hīnano - panoramio.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Starr 031210-0075 Pandanus tectorius.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Petermannia­ceae
(Petermann's-vine family)

|Petermannia was named for August Heinrich Petermann (1822–1878), a cartographer.{{sfn|Burkhardt|2018|p=P-29}}

|1 genus, in Eastern Australia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=143}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Petermanniaceae}}

|One species, a rhizomatous perennial with tendrils, woody vines and prickly stems{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=143}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Petermannia cirrosa

|image1 = Petermannia cirrosa 173382263.jpg | alt1=foliage

|image2 = Petermannia cirrosa 160592602.jpg | alt2=foliage and tendrils }}

scope="row" |Petrosaviaceae
(oze-so family)

|Petrosavia was named for Pietro Savi (1811–1871), an Italian professor of botany.{{sfn|Burkhardt|2018|p=P-32}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126828-1 Petrosaviaceae, Type]}}

|2 genera, in several eastern Asian countries{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=131–132}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Petrosaviaceae}}

|Herbaceous rhizomatous plants, sometimes relying on fungi and organic matter instead of photosynthesis{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=131–132}}

|Petrosavi­ales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Petrosavia sakuraii

|image1 = Petrosavia sakuraii ihenglan 1.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = The botanical magazine = Shokubutsugaku zasshi (1903) (20407475671).jpg | alt2=illustration }}

scope="row" |Philesiaceae
(Chilean-bellflower family)

|Philesia comes from the Greek for "loving".{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=238}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126732-1 Philesiaceae, Type]}}

|2 genera, in Chile{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=147}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Philesiaceae}}

|Climbers or shrubs, found in beech forests in the cooler parts of Chile. Lapageria rosea is the country's national flower.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=147}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Philesia magellanica

|image1 = Philesia magellanica.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Philesia magellanica - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Ripogonaceae
(supplejack family)

|Ripogonum comes from the Greek for "wicker knees", referring to the joints on tangled stalks.{{sfn|Stearn|2002|p=260}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=969 Ripogonaceae, Type]}}

|1 genus, in Oceania{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=147–148}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Ripogonaceae}}

|Woody rhizomatous evergreen shrubs or vines. Stems have been used for handicrafts and in construction.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=147–148}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Ripogonum scandens

|image1 = Ripogonum scandens Ulva Island 2.JPG | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Rhipogonum scandens - Supplejack 2.jpg | alt2=woody vines }}

scope="row" |Smilacaceae
(catbrier family)

|Smilax comes from a Greek plant name.{{sfn|Coombes|2012|p=275}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126730-1 Smilacaceae, Type]}}

|1 genus, found throughout the tropics and in some temperate zones{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=148–149}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Smilacaceae}}

|Perennial vines or shrubs, often with prickly stems. Some Smilax species have been used in root beer and other soft drinks.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=148–149}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Smilacaceae, Flora of Tropical East Africa}}

|Liliales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Smilax aspera

|image1 = Smilax aspera inflorescence RHu.JPG | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Smilax aspera kz01.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Stemonaceae
(baibu family)

|Stemona comes from the Greek for "stamens".{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=138}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126728-1 Stemonaceae, Type]}}

|4 genera, in the southern United States, tropical and subtropical Asia, and Oceania{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=138}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Stemonaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials, usually twining or erect. They rely on ants for seed propagation.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=138}}

|Pandanales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Stemona tuberosa

|image1 = Stemona tuberosa-5-60 feet bridge-yercaud-salem-India.jpg | alt1=flower

|image2 = Stemona tuberosa-4-60 feet bridge-yercaud-salem-India.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Tecophilaeaceae
(Chilean-crocus family)

|Tecophilaea was named for Tecophila Billotti, a 19th-century Italian botanical artist.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=164–165}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126736-1 Tecophilaeaceae, Type]}}

|9 genera, in Sub-Saharan Africa, California and Chile{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=164–165}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Tecophilaeaceae}}

|Herbaceous perennials sprouting from tubers or rounded corms{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=164–165}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Tecophilaeaceae, Flora of Zambesiaca}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Tecophilaea cyanocrocus

|image1 = Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Liliaceae) flowers.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Tecophilaea cyanocrocus Leyb. var. leichtlinii Leichtl. (Tecophilaeaceae) plant.jpg | alt2=foliage }}

scope="row" |Triuridaceae
(threetails family)

|Triuris comes from the Greek for "three tails".{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=136}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/77126754-1 Triuridaceae, Type]}}

|8 genera, scattered throughout the tropics{{sfn|POWO|loc=Triuridaceae}}

|White, yellow, purple or red rhizomatous plants, relying on fungi and organic material rather than photosynthesis{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=136}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Triuridaceae, Neotropikey}}

|Pandanales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Sciaphila secundiflora (type genus Triuris not pictured)

|image1 = Sciaphila secundiflora Thwaites ex Benth., 1855 錫蘭霉草 (19886718405).jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Sciaphila secundiflora Thwaites ex Benth. 錫蘭霉草 (15719003322).jpg | alt2=stem }}

scope="row" |Velloziaceae
(baboon-tail family)

|Vellozia was named for Joaquim Velloso de Miranda (1733–1815), a Brazilian clergyman and plant collector.{{sfn|Burkhardt|2018|p=V-11}}{{sfn|IPNI|loc=[https://www.ipni.org/n/30003090-2 Velloziaceae, Type]}}

|6 genera, widespread in South America and Africa (except North Africa), with some species in Asia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=137}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Velloziaceae}}

|Woody or herbaceous perennials. They can reach {{convert|6|m|abbr=on}} in height.{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|p=137}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Velloziaceae, Neotropikey}}

|Pandanales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Vellozia squamata

|image1 = Vellozia squamata 1.JPG | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Vellozia squamata Pohl99.png | alt2=illustration }}

scope="row" |Xeronemataceae
(Poor-Knights-lily family)

|Xeronema is from the Greek for "dry thread".{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=167–168}}{{sfn|USDA|loc=[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomyfamily?id=2298 Xeronemataceae, Type]}}

|1 genus, in Poor Knights and other New Zealand islands, and New Caledonia{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=167–168}}{{sfn|POWO|loc=Xeronemataceae}}

|Stemless tufted evergreen perennials{{sfn|Christenhusz|Fay|Chase|2017|pp=167–168}}

|Asparagales

|{{Multiple image |width=120px |image_style=border:none; |border=infobox

|footer = Xeronema callistemon

|image1 = Backlit xeronema flower raceme.jpg | alt1=flowers

|image2 = Flickr - brewbooks - i103005 283.jpg | alt2=flowers and foliage }}

See also

Notes

{{notelist-la}}

Citations

{{Hatnote|Some of POWO's data originally appeared in different databases. On the page for each family, these databases (if any) will appear under the "General information" tab.}}

{{Reflist|25em}}

References

  • {{cite journal |author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite book | last=Bayton | first=Ross | title=The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names | publisher=Princeton University Press | publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey | year=2020 | isbn=978-0-691-20017-0 }}
  • {{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition |trans-title=Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2018 |format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2018 | s2cid=187926901 |access-date=January 1, 2021 }} See the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons license].
  • {{cite book | last1=Christenhusz | first1=Maarten | last2=Fay | first2= Michael Francis| last3=Chase | first3=Mark Wayne | title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants | publisher=Kew Publishing and The University of Chicago Press | location=Chicago, Illinois | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-226-52292-0 }}
  • {{cite book | last=Coombes | first=Allen | title=The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants | publisher=Timber Press | location=Portland, Oregon | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-60469-196-2 }}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Givnish|first1=Thomas J.|authorlink1=Thomas J. Givnish|last2=Ames|first2=Mercedes|last3=McNeal|first3=Joel R.|last4=McKain|first4=Michael R.|last5=Steele|first5=P. Roxanne|last6=dePamphilis|first6=Claude W.|last7=Graham|first7=Sean W.|last8=Pires|first8=J. Chris|last9=Stevenson|first9=Dennis W.|last10=Zomlefer|first10=Wendy B.|last11=Briggs|first11=Barbara G.|last12=Duvall|first12=Melvin R.|last13=Moore|first13=Michael J.|last14=Heaney|first14=J. Michael|last15=Soltis|first15=Douglas E.|authorlink15=Douglas E. Soltis|last16=Soltis|first16=Pamela S.|authorlink16 = Pamela S. Soltis|last17=Thiele|first17=Kevin|authorlink17=Kevin Thiele|last18=Leebens-Mack|first18=James H.|title=Assembling the Tree of the Monocotyledons: Plastome Sequence Phylogeny and Evolution of Poales|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|date=December 27, 2010|volume=97|issue=4|pages=584–616|doi=10.3417/2010023|s2cid=15036227|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/172229| access-date=October 23, 2022 }}
  • {{cite web | url=https://www.ipni.org | author = IPNI | title = International Plant Names Index | year = 2022 | access-date=October 21, 2022 | ref = {{sfnRef|IPNI}} | location=London, Boston and Canberra | publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; and the Australian National Botanic Gardens }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Meerow|first1=A.W.|year=2002|author-link=Alan Meerow|title=The new phylogeny of the Lilioid Monocotyledons|journal=Acta Horticulturae|url=http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/2962/PDF|volume=570|issue=570|pages=31–45|doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.570.2}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322171139/http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |title=Plants of the World Online |author=POWO |year=2019 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |location=London |access-date=October 23, 2022 | ref = {{sfnRef|POWO}} }} See [https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/data-and-digital/terms-of-use their terms-of-use license].
  • {{cite web |author=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |title=Monocots I: General Alismatids & Lilioids |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |location=London |url=http://www.kew.org/science/directory/teams/MonocotsI/index.html |date=2010 |ref={{sfnRef|Royal Botanic Gardens}} |access-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914163722/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/teams/MonocotsI/index.html |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite book | last=Stearn | first=William | title=Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners | publisher=Cassell | location=London | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-304-36469-5 }}
  • {{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2023|orig-year= 2001 |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb|access-date=December 12, 2022 }}
  • {{cite book | editor-last=Turland | editor-first=N. J. | display-editors=etal | title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017 | edition=electronic | location=Glashütten | publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy | url=https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_18.html | access-date=February 25, 2022 | ref={{sfnRef|ICN}} }}
  • {{cite web |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch?t=family |title=USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System |website=Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy) |author= |year=2022 |publisher=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory |location=Beltsville, Maryland |access-date=October 29, 2022 | ref={{sfnRef|USDA}} }}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Zomlefer|first1=Wendy B.|last2=Williams|first2=Norris H.|last3=Whitten|first3=W. Mark|last4=Judd|first4=Walter S.|author-link4=Walter S Judd|title=Generic circumscription and relationships in the tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with emphasis on Zigadenus: evidence from ITS and trnL-F sequence data|journal=American Journal of Botany|date=September 2001|volume=88|issue=9|pages=1657–1669|url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2307/3558411?sid=nlm%3Apubmed |access-date=December 15, 2022 |pmid=21669700|ref={{harvid|Zomlefer et al.|2001}}|doi=10.2307/3558411|jstor=3558411}}

{{Angiosperm orders}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of lilioid families}}

Systematic

Lilioid

Lilioid families

lilioid families