List of phobias#Jocular and fictional phobias

{{Short description|List of fear of different things or objects}}

{{redirect|-phobia|the class of psychological disorders|Phobia}}

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The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, "fear") occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g. acidophobia), and in medicine to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g. photophobia). In common usage, they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject (e.g. homophobia). The suffix is antonymic to -phil-.

For more information on the psychiatric side, including how psychiatry groups phobias such as agoraphobia, social phobia, or simple phobia, see phobia. The following lists include words ending in -phobia, and include fears that have acquired names. In some cases, the naming of phobias has become a word game, of notable example being a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/entertainment/173250.stm The A–Z of Fear], a 30 October 1998 BBC News unsigned article in the "Entertainment" section In some cases, a word ending in -phobia may have an antonym with the suffix -phil-, e.g. Germanophobe/Germanophile.

Many -phobia lists circulate on the Internet, with words collected from indiscriminate sources, often copying each other. Also, a number of psychiatric websites exist that at the first glance cover a huge number of phobias, but in fact use a standard text to fit any phobia and reuse it for all unusual phobias by merely changing the name. Sometimes it leads to bizarre results, such as suggestions to cure "prostitute phobia".{{cite web|url=http://archive.webpronews.com/insidesearch/insidesearch/wpn-56-20050825ContentSpammersHelpYouOvercomeProstitutePhobia.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164100/http://archive.webpronews.com/insidesearch/insidesearch/wpn-56-20050825ContentSpammersHelpYouOvercomeProstitutePhobia.html| archive-date=13 February 2017| url-status=dead| title=Content Spammers Help You Overcome Prostitute Phobia |publisher=Webpronews.com |date=25 August 2005 |access-date=26 August 2013}} Such practice is known as content spamming and is used to attract search engines.

An article published in 1897 in American Journal of Psychology noted "the absurd tendency to give Greek names to objects feared (which, as Arndt says, would give us such terms as klopsophobia – fear of thieves, {{Not a typo|triakaidekaphobia}} [sic] – fear of the number 13 ...)".{{Cite journal | vauthors = Hall GS |title=A Study of Fears |journal=American Journal of Psychology |volume=8 |number=2 |date=1897 |page=157 |jstor=1410940 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |doi=10.2307/1410940 |issn = 0002-9556}}

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Psychological conditions

{{more medical citations needed|section|date=July 2023}}

Specialists may prefer to avoid the suffix -phobia and use more descriptive terms such as personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and avoidant personality disorder. Terms should strictly have a Greek prefix, although many are irregularly formed with Latin or even English prefixes. Many use inaccurate or imprecise prefixes, such as aerophobia (fear of air) for fear of flying.

{{Incomplete list|date=June 2014}}

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= A =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Achluophobia

|fear of darkness

Acousticophobia

|fear of noise – a branch of phonophobia

Acrophobia

|fear of heights

Aerophobia

|fear of aircraft or flying

Agoraphobia

|fear of certain inescapable/unsafe situations

Agyrophobia

| fear of crossing streets

Aichmophobia

|fear of sharp or pointed objects such as needles, pins or knives

Ailurophobia

|fear/dislike of cats, a zoophobia

Alektorophobia

|fear/dislike of chickens, a zoophobia

Anatidaephobia

|fear/dislike of ducks, a zoophobia

Algophobia

|fear of pain

Alliumphobia

|fear/dislike of Allium plants, including garlic, onions, chives, and shallots{{cite web |first=Amy |last=Grant |title=Common Plant Phobias – Fear of Flowers, Plants, and More |date=31 October 2021 |website=Gardening Know-How |language=en |url=https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/common-plant-phobias.htm |access-date=17 March 2023 |quote=Dracula no doubt would have alliumphobia, the fear of garlic.}}Possible cultural factor:
• {{cite news |first=Michele |last=Humes |date=24 December 2009 |title=The Way We Ate: Fear of Garlic |work=The New York Times |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/24/the-way-we-ate-fear-of-garlic/ |access-date=17 March 2023 |quote=From the 1880s to the 1930s, a period of accelerated immigration and great social change, garlic was the stench of the flophouse, the dominant note in the 'rich olfactory uneasiness' that blew in from Ellis Island, and the go-to metaphor for immigrant neighborhoods. Its sulfurous tang was almost beside the point; the bulb smelled of foreign incursion.}}
Possible observation factor: Allium#Toxicity – "Dogs and cats are very susceptible to poisoning after the consumption of certain species. Even cattle have suffered onion toxicosis." Cites include:
• {{cite journal |first=R.B. |last=Cope |title=Toxicology Brief: Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats |journal=Veterinary Medicine |date=August 2005 |volume=100 |issue=8 |pages=562–566 |url=https://dungenessranchpetresort.com/images/vetm0805_562_566.pdf |trans-quote=Peer-reviewed.}}
• {{cite journal |first=Helen A. |last=Rae |title=Onion toxicosis in a herd of beef cows |journal=Canadian Veterinary Journal |date=January 1999 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=55–57 |pmid=9919370 |pmc=1539652 |quote=While humans appear to be relatively resistant to onion toxicity, there is some concern about the susceptibility of certain ethnic groups that have a genetic deficiency of G6PD. / Onion toxicity depends on factors other than variation in species susceptibility. Onions contain varying amounts of disulfide and SMCO toxins, depending on the species of onion, time of year, and growing conditions. Storing onions in large piles also provides a suitable environment for contamination of the crop with other toxins, such as mycotoxins, which could contribute to the disease process.}}
Possible experience factor:
• {{cite book |first=Zoomi |last=Singh |chapter=Potential Side Effects of Chives |title=Chives: Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Potential Side Effects of Chives |date=12 October 2022 |location=Singapore|publisher=HealthifyMe |chapter-url=https://www.healthifyme.com/blog/chives-benefits/#Potential_Side_Effects_of_Chives |access-date=17 March 2023 |quote=Chives can be potential gastrointestinal irritants in some people. The reactive oxidants released by chives can stimulate bowel problems such as diarrhoea and acid reflux. / Alliums can cause digestive disorders. Chives belong to the Allium genus and have an acidic pH of 5.75. It is a pH range that would make gastritis worse. Moreover, the high fructans content in chives triggers acid reflux. It would aggravate gastritis.}}

Ancraophobia

|fear of wind or drafts

Androphobia

|fear of adult men{{cite book | vauthors = Campbell RJ |title=Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76vPu_G2UkgC&pg=PA375|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-534159-1|pages=375–}}

Anthropophobia

|fear of human beings

Apeirophobia

|excessive fear of infinity, eternity, and the uncountable

Aphenphosmphobia

|fear of being touched

Apiphobia

|fear of bees, a zoophobia

Apotemnophobia

|fear of amputees, and/or of becoming an amputee{{cite news |author=Anonymous |title=Apotemnophobia (Fear of People with Amputations) |url=https://psychtimes.com/apotemnophobia-fear-of-people-with-amputations/ |website=Psych Times |location=Covington, Louisiana |date=12 September 2021 |access-date=13 February 2023}}{{cite news |author=Anonymous |title=What it's like to live with apotemnophobia – an intense fear of amputation |url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/11/10/what-its-like-to-live-with-apotemnophobia-an-intense-fear-of-amputation-8118164/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |website=Metro.co.uk |location=London, England |agency=Associated Press Newspapers Limited |date=10 November 2018}}

Aquaphobia

|fear of water. Distinct from hydrophobia, a scientific property that makes chemicals averse to interaction with water, as well as an archaic name for rabies.

Arachnophobia

|fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions, a zoophobia

Astraphobia

|fear of thunder and lightning

Atelophobia

|fear of imperfection; a synonym of perfectionism

Athazagoraphobia

|fear of forgetting, forgetfulness and/or being forgotten{{Cite web |title=This Phobia Causes the Fear of Being Forgotten and Forgetting Others |url=https://www.health.com/athazagoraphobia-8675268 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Health |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=McKnight |first=Peter |date=13 April 2023 |title=Fear of forgetting, or being forgotten, is an epidemic |url=https://vancouversun.com/opinion/columnists/peter-mcknight-fear-of-forgetting-or-being-forgotten-is-an-epidemic |website=Vancouver Sun}}

Atychiphobia

|fear of failure{{Cite web |date=2022-03-21 |title=Fear of failure (atychiphobia): Symptoms and treatment |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fear-of-failure |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}} or negative evaluations of others

Autophobia

|fear of isolation{{cite book | vauthors = Gould GM | title = The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary | url = https://archive.org/details/practitionersme00goul | publisher = P. Blackiston's Son & Co | location = Philadelphia | edition = 2nd | year = 1910 | page = [https://archive.org/details/practitionersme00goul/page/100 100] }}

= B =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Bacteriophobia

|fear of bacteria

Basophobia, basiphobia

|fear associated with astasia-abasia (fear of walking/standing erect) and a fear of falling

Batrachophobia

|fear/dislike of frogs and other amphibians, a zoophobia

Belonephobia

|fear of needles or pins{{Cite web |last=Akinola |first=Deborah |date=2020-10-17 |title=Belonephobia: The Fear of Pins and Needles |url=https://asoothinghealth.com/belonephobia/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=a Soothing Health |language=en-US}}{{Cite journal |last=Yim |first=Louisa |date=Aug 2006 |title=Belonephobia--a fear of needles |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16894439/ |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=35 |issue=8 |pages=623–624 |issn=0300-8495 |pmid=16894439}}

Bibliophobia

|fear of books

Blood-injection-injury type phobia

|a DSM-IV subtype of specific phobias

= C =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Cacophobia, aschimophobia

|fear of ugliness

Carcinophobia

|fear of cancer

Catoptrophobia

|fear of mirrors

Cephalalgiaphobia

|fear of headaches

Chemophobia

|fear of chemicals

Cherophobia

|fear of happiness

Chionophobia

|fear of snow[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22592-chionophobia-fear-of-snow Chionophobia (Fear of snow)], Cleveland Clinic, Accessed:November 4, 2024

{{Anchor|bats}}Chiroptophobia

|fear/dislike of bats, a zoophobia

Chromophobia, chromatophobia

|fear of colors

Chronophobia

|fear of time and time moving forward

Chronomentrophobia

|fear of clocks{{cite book |first=Andrew |last=Thompson |title=Spiders, Clowns, and Great Mole Rats: Over 150 Phobias That Will Freak You Out, from Arachnophobia to Zemmiphobia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxGbDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22chronomentrophobia%22&pg=PT46 |page=46 |date=2019 |publisher=Ulysses Press |via=Google Books |isbn=978-1-61243-932-7 |access-date=25 February 2023 |quote=Chronomentrophobia is the irrational fear of clocks, which usually extends to watches. ... The mere sight or sound of a ticking clock can cause depression and anxiety. People with this fear avoid clocks at all costs....}}

Cibophobia, sitophobia

|aversion to food, synonymous with anorexia nervosa

Claustrophobia

|fear of having no escape and being closed in

Coimetrophobia

|fear of cemeteries

Coprophobia

|fear of feces or defecation

Coulrophobia

|fear of clowns{{cite journal | vauthors = Planting T, Koopowitz SM, Stein DJ | title = Coulrophobia: An investigation of clinical features | journal = The South African Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 28 | pages = 1653 | date = 2022-01-19 | pmid = 35169508 | pmc = 8831965 | doi = 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1653 }}

Cyberphobia

|fear of computers

Cynophobia

|fear/dislike of dogs, a zoophobia

= D =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Dendrophobia

|fear of trees{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Frost |author-link=Robert Frost |year=1923 |chapter=New Hampshire [poem] |title=New Hampshire |publisher=Standard Ebooks |page=14 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhsZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT14}}
"But his heart failing him, he dropped the axe
And ran for shelter quoting Matthew Arnold:
'... Remember Birnam Wood! The wood's in flux!'
He had a special terror of the flux
That showed itself in dendrophobia."
{{cite journal |first=Gabriele |last=Schwab |date=Winter 2021 |title=Trees, Fungi, and Humans: A Transspecies Story |journal=CR: The New Centennial Review |publisher=Michigan State University Press |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=245–267 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/856154 |quote=Years ago, I had a terrifying nightmare. I was back in Konstanz, my German hometown, walking in a beautiful forest adjacent to the lake. Suddenly, the giant trees surrounding me ripped their roots out of the earth and began to run after me, chasing me all the way out of the forest. I ran and ran, fearing for my life. Later I learned that my dream had its roots in an ancient phobia of trees called dendrophobia, a primordial terror linked to a sense that trees are more alive than we think. For those suffering from dendrophobia, trees have a paradoxical mobility that enables them to use their roots to grab humans or even kill them by willfully dropping their branches on them. Dendrophobia, an officially recognized mental illness that may in extreme cases lead to institutionalization, is linked to trees being recognized not simply as living beings but rather as hostile ones, intent on inflicting harm on humans or even killing them.}}

Dental fear, odontophobia

|fear of dentists and dental procedures

Dentophobia

|fear of dentists

Diagraphephobia

|fear of deleting files or an extreme fear of losing your computer data.{{Cite web|url=https://theexecutoradvisor.com/2011/05/12/fear-of-deletion/|title = Fear of Deletion|date = 13 May 2011}}

Domatophobia

|fear of houses

Driving phobia, driving anxiety

|fear of driving

Dysmorphophobia, body dysmorphic disorder

|a phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body defect

Dystichiphobia

|fear of being involved in an accident{{Cite web |title=Dystychiphobia (Fear of Accidents): Symptoms & Treatment |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22604-dystychiphobia-fear-of-accidents |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Cleveland Clinic |language=en}}

= E =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Ecophobia

|fear of cataclysmic environmental change

Eisoptrophobia

|fear of mirrors or seeing one's reflection in a mirror{{cite book| vauthors = Sue D, Sue DW, Sue DM, Sue S |title=Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbgWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT126|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-285-62475-4|pages=126–}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Pitchot W | title = Effective treatment of eisoptrophobia with duloxetine: a case report | journal = The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | date = 11 September 2014 | pmid = 25667801 | pmc = 4321006 | doi = 10.4088/PCC.14l01636 }}

Emetophobia

|fear of vomiting

Enochlophobia

|fear of crowds

Entomophobia

|fear/dislike of insects, a zoophobia

Ephebiphobia

|fear of youth; inaccurate, exaggerated and sensational characterization of young people

Equinophobia

|fear of horses

Ergophobia, ergasiophobia

|fear of work or functioning, or a surgeon's fear of operating

Erotophobia

|fear of sexual love or sexual abuse

Erythrophobia, erytophobia, ereuthophobia

|fear of the color red, or fear of blushing

Eurotophobia

|aversion to female genitals

= F =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Frigophobia

|fear of becoming too cold

= G =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Galeophobia

|fear of sharks

Gamophobia

|fear of marriage

Gelotophobia

|fear of being laughed at

Gephyrophobia

|fear of bridges

Genophobia, coitophobia

|fear of sexual intercourse

Genuphobia

|fear of knees or the act of kneeling

Gerascophobia

|fear of growing old or aging

Gerontophobia

|fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly

Globophobia

|fear of balloons

Glossophobia

|fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak

Gymnophobia

|fear of nudity{{cite book| vauthors = Bullough VL, Bullough B |title=Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135825096|page=449|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHymAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA449|language=en}}

Gynophobia

|fear of adult women

= H =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Halitophobia

|fear of bad breath

Haphephobia

|fear of being touched

Heptadekaphobia, heptadecaphobia

|fear of the number 17

Hedonophobia

|fear of obtaining pleasure

Heliophobia

|fear of the sun or sunlight

Helminthophobia, scoleciphobia, vermiphobia

|fear of worms,{{cite journal | vauthors = Winkler K | title = [Helminthophobia] | journal = Zeitschrift für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 47–52 | date = January 1957 | pmid = 13409951 }} a zoophobia

Hemophobia, haemophobia

|fear of blood

Herpetophobia

|fear/dislike of reptiles or amphibians, a zoophobia

Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

|fear of the number 666

Hippophobia

|fear/dislike of horses,{{cite journal | vauthors = Papakostas YG, Daras MD, Liappas IA, Markianos M | title = Horse madness (hippomania) and hippophobia | journal = History of Psychiatry | volume = 16 | issue = Pt 4 (no 64) | pages = 467–471 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16482685 | doi = 10.1177/0957154X05051459 | s2cid = 2721386 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00570821/file/PEER_stage2_10.1177%252F0957154X05051459.pdf }} a zoophobia

Hodophobia

|fear of travel

Hypnophobia, somniphobia

|fear of sleep or nightmares{{cite book|title=A dictionary of medical science: containing a full explanation of the various subjects and terms of anatomy, physiology, ...| vauthors = Dunglison RJ |edition = 21st |publisher = Lea Brothers & Co.|year= 1895|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NlAPAAAAYAAJ&q=hypnophobia&pg=PA557}}

Hypochondria

|fear of illness

= I =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Ichthyophobia

|fear of fish, including fear of eating fish, or fear of dead fish, a zoophobia

Insectophobia

|fear of insects, a zoophobia

= K =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Katsaridaphobia

|fear of cockroaches{{cite web|title= Cockroaches: The insect we're programmed to fear|url= https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140918-the-reality-about-roaches|website=BBC|access-date=18 September 2014}}

Koumpounophobia

|fear of buttons on clothing{{cite book| vauthors = Russell J, Lintern F, Gauntlett L |title=Cambridge International AS and A Level Psychology Coursebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRziDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150 |access-date=2 March 2017 |date=2016-09-01 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781316605691 |page=144}}

= L =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Lilapsophobia

|fear of tornadoes or hurricanes

Lepidopterophobia

| fear of butterflies and moths, a zoophobia

= M =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Mageiricophobia

|fear of cooking

Masklophobia

|fear of people in masks, costumes and mascots

Melissophobia, apiphobia

|fear/dislike of bees, a zoophobia

Monophobia

|fear of being alone or isolated or of one's self

Musophobia, murophobia, suriphobia

|fear/dislike of mice or rats, a zoophobia

Mycophobia

|fear of mushrooms{{Cite journal |last=Ott |first=Jonathan |date=1976 |title=Psycho-mycological studies of Amanita–from ancient sacrament to modern phobia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.1976.10472005?journalCode=ujpd19 |journal=Journal of Psychedelic Drugs|volume=8 |pages=27–35 |doi=10.1080/02791072.1976.10472005 |url-access=subscription }}

Myrmecophobia

|fear of ants, a zoophobia

Mysophobia, germophobia

|fear of germs, contamination or dirt

= N =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Necrophobia

|fear of corpses or things associated with death (not to be confused with death anxiety)

Neophobia, cainophobia, cainotophobia, centophobia, kainolophobia, kainophobia, metathesiophobia, prosophobia

|fear of newness, novelty, change or progress

Noctiphobia

|fear of the night

Nomophobia

|fear of being out of mobile phone contact

Nosocomephobia

|fear of hospitals

Nosophobia

|fear of contracting a disease

Nostophobia, ecophobia

|fear of returning home

Numerophobia

|fear of numbers

Nyctophobia, achluophobia, lygophobia, scotophobia

|fear of darkness

= O =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Obesophobia

|fear of gaining weight

Oikophobia

|fear of home surroundings and household appliances

Odontophobia

|dental fear

Ommetaphobia

|fear of eyes

Oneirophobia

|fear of dreams

Ophidiophobia

|fear/dislike of snakes, a zoophobia

Ophthalmophobia

|fear of being stared at

Ornithophobia

|fear/dislike of birds, a zoophobia

Osmophobia, olfactophobia

|fear of odors

Ostraconophobia

|fear/dislike of shellfish, a zoophobia

= P =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Panphobia

|fear of everything or constant generalised fear of an unknown cause

Pedophobia, paedophobia, pediaphobia

|fear of babies and children

Phagophobia

|fear of swallowing

Phallophobia

|fear of erections or penises

Pharmacophobia

|fear of medications

Phasmophobia

|fear of ghosts or phantoms

Philophobia

|fear of love

Phyllophobia

|fear of leaves{{cite encyclopedia |language=en|chapter=phobo-, phob-, -phobia, -phobias, -phobe, -phobiac, -phobist, -phobic, -phobism, -phobous|encyclopedia=English-Word Information (wordinfo.info)|chapter-url=https://wordinfo.info/unit/2723/page:33|quote=phyllophobia… An excessive fear of leaves: Each time Virginia saw the excessive amount of leafage on the ground in the fall, she had phyllophobia because it was the time of year to do the raking which took many days to complete! |access-date=25 February 2023 |title=Phobo-, phob-, -phobia, -phobias, -phobe, -phobiac, -phobist, -phobic, -phobism, -phobous – Word Information }}{{cite magazine |language=en|date=September 2002|first=Teresa |last=Doran |title=Chewproof (review) |magazine=Books Ireland |number=251 |publisher=Wordwell Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BS8iAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%2B%E2%80%9Cphyllophobia%E2%80%9D%22|page=215|quote=However it might be useful this autumn to know that phyllophobia is a fear of leaves…. |access-date=26 February 2023 |issn=0376-6039 |isbn=978-1-902420-54-7 |doi=10.2307/20632455 |jstor=20632455}}{{cite book |language=en|year=2003|first=John G. |last=Robertson|title=An Excess of Phobias and Manias: A Compilation of Anxieties, Obsessions, and Compulsions That Push Many Over the Edge of Sanity|publisher=Senior Scribe Publications|isbn=978-0-9630919-3-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4PgawVAzB8C&dq=phyllophobia&pg=PA146|page=146|quote=phyllophobia: An excessive fear of leaves. |access-date=26 February 2023}}{{cite news |language=en |first=Ron |last=Wolfe |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2016/oct/22/jump-in-if-you-re-not-phyllophobic-2016/ | title=Jump in, if you're not phyllophobic |newspaper=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette |issn=1060-4332| date=22 October 2016 |quote=Phyllophobia, the fear of leaves, might not be as much in the news this autumn as coulrophobia, the fear of clowns. But anywhere that crinkly, dead leaves are, some people are scared of them.}}

Phobophobia

|fear of fear itself or of having a phobia

Phonophobia

|fear of loud sounds or voices

Pogonophobia

|fear of beards

Pornophobia

|dislike or fear of pornography; may be used in reference to the opposition to visual nudity

Porphyrophobia

|fear of the color purple

Pteromerhanophobia

|fear of flying

Pyrophobia

|fear of fire

= R =

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! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Radiophobia

|fear of radioactivity or X-rays

Ranidaphobia

|fear/dislike of frogs, a zoophobia

= S =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Scopophobia

|fear of being looked at or stared at

Sexophobia

|fear of sexual organs or sexual activities

Siderodromophobia

|fear of trains or railroads

Social phobia

|fear of people or social situations

Somniphobia

|fear of sleep

Spectrophobia

|fear of mirrors

Spheksophobia

|fear of wasps, a zoophobia

Stasiphobia

|fear of standing or walking

Submechanophobia

|fear of partially or fully submerged man-made objects{{cite book| veditors = Roane HS, Ringdahl JE, Falcomata TS |date=2015|title=Clinical and Organizational Applications of Applied Behavior Analysis|publisher=Academic Press |page=461 |isbn=978-0-12-420249-8}}{{cite web |url= https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/g29370431/best-shipwrecks/ |title=The 25 Coolest Shipwrecks in the World| vauthors = Linder C |date=29 November 2019|website=Popular Mechanics|access-date=7 July 2020}}

= T =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Taphophobia, taphephobia

|fear of graves, or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive

Technophobia

|fear of advanced technology (see also Luddite)

Telephone phobia

|fear or reluctance of making or taking telephone calls

Teratophobia

|fear of giving birth to a monster{{Cite web|title=Teratophobia definition and meaning | work = Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/teratophobia|access-date=2021-02-12 |language=en}} or a disfigured foetus{{Cite web|title=Teratophobia (Concept Id: C0522188) | work = MedGen | publisher =National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine |url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/637111|access-date=2021-02-12 }}

Tetraphobia

|fear of the number 4

Thalassophobia

|fear of the sea, or fear of being in the ocean

Thanatophobia

|fear of dying, a synonym of death anxiety; not to be confused with necrophobia

Thermophobia

|fear of intolerance to high temperatures

Tokophobia

|fear of childbirth or pregnancy

Tomophobia

|fear of invasive medical procedure{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmid M, Wolf RC, Freudenmann RW, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C | title = Tomophobia, the phobic fear caused by an invasive medical procedure – an emerging anxiety disorder: a case report | journal = Journal of Medical Case Reports | volume = 3 | pages = 131 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 20062769 | pmc = 2803803 | doi = 10.1186/1752-1947-3-131 | doi-access = free }}

Tonitrophobia

|fear of thunder

Toxiphobia

|fear of being poisoned

Traumatophobia

|a synonym for injury phobia: fear of having an injury

Trichophobia

|delusional fear of something in the roots of the hair that stops it from growing,{{cite journal | vauthors = Basavaraj KH, Navya MA, Rashmi R | title = Relevance of psychiatry in dermatology: Present concepts | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 270–275 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 21180416 | pmc = 2990831 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.70992 | doi-access = free }} or fear of hair loss

Triskaidekaphobia, terdekaphobia

|fear of the number 13

Trypanophobia, belonephobia, enetophobia

|fear of needles or injections

Trypophobia

|fear of holes or textures with a pattern of holes{{cite news | vauthors = Thomas G |url= http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20121015/entlife/710159967/ |title=Do holes make you queasy or even fearful |newspaper=The Daily Herald |location=Arlington, IL |date=15 October 2012 |access-date=26 August 2013}}

= V =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Vehophobia

|fear of driving

Veloxrotaphobia

|fear of roller coasters

Verminophobia

|fear of germs

= X =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Xanthophobia

|fear of the color yellow

= Z =

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Zoophobia

|fear of animals

Cultural prejudices and discrimination

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Acephobia

|fear/dislike of asexual people

Aporophobia

|fear/dislike of people without resources

Arophobia

|fear/dislike of aromantic people

Biphobia

|fear/dislike of bisexuality or bisexuals

Ephebiphobia

|fear/dislike of youth

Gayphobia

|fear/dislike of gay men (specifically)

Gerontophobia, gerascophobia

|fear/dislike of aging or the elderly

Heterophobia

|fear/dislike of heterosexuals

Homophobia

|fear/dislike of homosexuality, homosexuals, or gays (as opposed to lesbians)

Lesbophobia

|fear/dislike of lesbians

Pedophobia

|fear/dislike of babies or children

Psychophobia

|fear/dislike of mental illness or the mentally ill

Transphobia

|fear/dislike of transgender people

= Ethnic/national/religious prejudices and discrimination =

The suffix -phobia is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as Americanophobia, Europhobia, Francophobia, Hispanophobia, and Indophobia. Often a synonym with the prefix "anti-" already exists (e.g. Polonophobia vs. anti-Polonism). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as Christianophobia and Islamophobia.

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Afrophobia

|fear/dislike of Africans

Albanophobia

|fear/dislike of Albanians

Anglophobia

|fear/dislike of England or English culture

Arabophobia

|fear/dislike of Arabs

Catalanophobia

|fear/dislike of Catalans, Catalonia, Catalan culture and the Catalan language

Christianophobia

|fear/dislike of Christians

Germanophobia

|fear/dislike of Germans

Hibernophobia

|fear/dislike of Irish people

Hinduphobia

|fear/dislike of Hindus

Hispanophobia

|fear/dislike of Hispanic people, Hispanic culture and the Spanish language

Hungarophobia

|fear/dislike of Hungarians

Indophobia

|fear/dislike of India or Indian culture

Indonesiaphobia

|fear/dislike of Indonesia or Indonesian culture

Iranophobia

|fear/dislike of Iran or Iranian culture

Islamophobia

|fear/dislike of Muslims

Italophobia

|fear/dislike of Italians

Judeophobia

|fear/dislike of Jews

Koryophobia

|fear/dislike of the Koreans

Kurdophobia

|fear/dislike of Kurdish people

Latinophobia

|fear/dislike of Latin people

Lusophobia

|fear/dislike of the Portuguese, Portuguese culture and the Portuguese language

Malayophobia

|fear/dislike of the Malays

Negrophobia

|fear/dislike of black people

Nipponophobia

|fear/dislike of the Japanese

Polonophobia

|fear/dislike of the Polish

Russophobia

|fear/dislike of Russians

Shiaphobia

|fear/dislike of Shiites

Sinophobia

|fear/dislike of Chinese people

Sunniphobia

|fear/dislike of Sunnis

Theophobia

|fear/dislike of God or religion

Turcophobia

|fear/dislike of Turks

Ukrainophobia

|fear/dislike of Ukrainians

Xenophobia

|fear/dislike of foreigners

Medical conditions

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Osmophobia

|hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors

Phonophobia

|hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds

Photophobia

|hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light

Cultural phenomena

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Bibliophobia

|fear or hatred of books, as a cultural phenomenon{{cite book |title=The Fear of Books | vauthors = Jackson H |author-link=Holbrook Jackson |publisher=University of Illinois |year=1932 |isbn=978-0-252-07040-2}}

Lipophobia

|avoidance of fats in food{{cite book | vauthors = Fischler C | chapter = From lipophilia to lipophobia. Changing attitudes and behaviors towards fat: a socio-historical approach | title = Dietary fats determinants of preference, selection, and consumption | veditors = Mela DJ | location = London, New York | publisher = Elsevier Applied Science | date = 1992 | pages = 103–115 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Askegaard S, Ostberg J | title = Consumers' Experience of Lipophobia: A Swedish Study | journal = Advances in Consume Research | date = 2003 | volume = 30 | pages = 161 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Askegaard S, Jensen AF, Holt DB | title = Lipophobia: A transatlantic concept? | journal = Advances in Consume Research | date = 1999 | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | pages = 331–336 | url = https://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/8272 }} ({{crossreference|see also Lipophobicity}})

Coronaphobia

|fear of COVID-19{{cite journal | vauthors = Arora A, Jha AK, Alat P, Das SS | title = Understanding coronaphobia | journal = Asian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 54 | pages = 102384 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 33271693 | pmc = 7474809 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384 }}

''-phobia'' in the natural sciences

In the natural sciences, words with the suffix -phobia/-phobic generally describe a predisposition for avoidance and/or exclusion. For antonyms, see here

class="wikitable sortable" border="1"

! width="200px" | Phobia

! width="600px" | Condition

Acidophobia

|preference for non-acidic conditions

Heliophobia

|aversion to sunlight

Hydrophobia

|the property of being repelled by water

Lipophobicity

|the property of fat rejection (sometimes also called lipophobia)

Oleophobicity

|the property of oil rejection

Photophobia (biology)

|a negative phototaxis or phototropism response, or a tendency to stay out of the light

Ultrahydrophobicity

|the property given to materials that are extremely difficult to get wet

Thermophobia

|aversion to heat

Jocular and fictional phobias

  • Aibohphobia – a humorous term for the fear of palindromes, which is a palindrome itself. The term is a piece of computer humor entered into the 1981 The Devil's DP Dictionary.{{cite book|title=The Computer Contradictionary| vauthors = Kelly-Bootle S | author-link1 = Stan Kelly-Bootle |chapter=Aibohphobia|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tZKCZje8178C&dq=%22aibohphobia%22&pg=PA7 7] | date = May 1995 | publisher = MIT Press | isbn = 978-0-262-61112-1 }}
  • Anatidaephobia – the fictional fear that one is being watched by a duck. The word comes from the name of the family Anatidae, and was used in Gary Larson's The Far Side.{{cite news | vauthors = Jenkins J |url=http://sports.uniontrib.com/uniontrib/20060610/news_1mi10jenkins.html|title=I hate to burst Poway Unified's balloon|date=10 June 2006|work=U-T San Diego |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104034845/http://sports.uniontrib.com/uniontrib/20060610/news_1mi10jenkins.html |archive-date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}
  • Anoraknophobia – a portmanteau of "anorak" and "arachnophobia". It was used in the Wallace and Gromit comic book Anoraknophobia. Also the title of an album by Marillion.
  • Arachibutyrophobia – fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth, from Latin {{linktext|arachis}} "peanut" and {{linktext|butyrum}} "butter".{{Cite web|date=22 May 2021|title=Fear of Peanut Butter: Why Arachibutyrophobia is a Real Phobia|url=https://www.unitedwecare.com/arachibutyrophobia/ |website=United We Care}} The word is used by Charles M. Schulz in a 1982 installment of his Peanuts comic strip,{{cite web | vauthors = Schultz C |url=http://www.gocomics.com/peanuts/1982/05/19|title=Peanuts Comic Strip |work=GoComics.com|date=19 May 1982}} and by Peter O'Donnell in his 1985 Modesty Blaise adventure novel Dead Man's Handle.
  • Charlophobia – the fictional fear of any person named Charlotte or Charlie, mentioned in the comedic book A Duck is Watching Me: Strange and Unusual Phobias (2014), by Bernie Hobbs. The phobia was created to mock name bias, a form of discrimination studied by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Chicago.{{Cite web |title=Name Discrimination Study Finds Lakisha And Jamal Still Less Likely To Get Hired Than Emily And Greg |url=https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2021/08/18/name-discrimination-jobs |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=wbur.org |date=18 August 2021 |language=en}}
  • Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia – fear of long words,{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1575157/Phobia-catalogue-reveals-bizarre-list-of-fears.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1575157/Phobia-catalogue-reveals-bizarre-list-of-fears.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Phobia catalogue reveals bizarre list of fears|date=10 January 2008| vauthors = Farmer B |quote=A catalogue of unusual phobias reveals that the fear of long words is known as hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia.|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}}{{cbignore}} from the root word {{wikt-lang|en|sesquipedalophobia}} combined with monstrum and hippopotamus. This was mentioned on the first episode of Brainiac Series Five as a Tickle's Teaser.
  • Keanuphobia – fear of Keanu Reeves, portrayed in the Dean Koontz book, False Memory, where a woman has an irrational fear of Reeves and has to see her psychiatrist, Mark Ahriman, each week, unaware that she only has the fear in the first place because Ahriman implanted it via hypnotic suggestion to amuse himself. He calls her "Keanuphobe" in his head.
  • Luposlipaphobia – fear of being pursued by timber wolves around a kitchen table while wearing socks on a newly waxed floor. Coined humorously by cartoonist Gary Larson for his comic The Far Side.
  • Nihilophobia – fear of nothingness, from Latin nihil and "nothing, none", as described by the Doctor in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Night". Voyager's morale officer and chef Neelix has this condition, having panic attacks while the ship was traversing a dark expanse of space known as the Void. It is also the title of a 2008 album by Neuronium.
  • Robophobia – irrational fear of robots and/or androids, also known as "Grimwade's Syndrome". It was first used in "The Robots of Death",{{cite episode |title= The Fourth Dimension | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2TdP860FMcY7cJKp0ZHVl5T/the-fourth-dimension |series= Doctor Who |series-link= |network= BBC One |station= |season= 14 |series-no= |number= |minutes= |time= |transcript= |transcript-url= }} the fifth serial of the 14th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
  • Semaphobia – fear of average web developers to use Semantic Web technologies.{{cite conference |chapter=A Semantic Description Language for RESTful Data Services to Combat Semaphobia| vauthors = Lanthaler M, Gütl C | title = 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST 2011) | conference = Proceedings of the 2011 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST) | location = Daejeon, South Korea |year=2011|doi=10.1109/DEST.2011.5936597|pages=47–53|isbn=978-1-4577-0871-8|s2cid=14815713}}
  • Venustraphobia – fear of beautiful women, according to a 1998 humorous article published by BBC News.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |title=The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families |isbn=1-55369-886-X |publisher=Trafford Publishing | first=Chris |last=Aldrich |date=2 December 2002 |pages=224–236}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Summerscale |first1=Kate |author1-link=Kate Summerscale |title=The Book of Phobias and Manias |date=6 October 2022 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=9781788162814}}