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National Artist of the Philippines

{{Short description|Philippine order}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}}

{{Infobox order

|title = Order of National Artists of the Philippines
Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas

|image = 150px

|caption = Emblem of the Order of National Artists, which appears on the collar bestowed on members.

|awarded_by = {{PHI}}

|type = Order

|motto =

|day =

|eligibility =

|for = Having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts

|status = Currently constituted

|head_title = Sovereign

|head = President of the Philippines

|house =

|chancellor =

|commander =

|grades =

|former_grades =

|date =

|first_induction = 1972

|last_induction = 2022

|total =

|recipients =

|individual =

|higher = Order of Gabriela Silang

|same = Order of National Scientists, Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan, Order of Lakandula – Special Class of Champion for Life

|lower = Gawad Mabini

|image2 = 100px

|caption2 = Ribbon bar of the Order

|}}

The Order of National Artists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas) is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.[https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/09/19/executive-order-no-236/ Executive Order No. 236, s. 2003] Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved October 24, 2018.

The order is administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation No. 1001 of April 2, 1972, and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The first award was posthumously conferred on Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo.

Definition

The order of the highest state honor is conferred on individuals deemed as having done much for their artistic field. Deserving individuals must have been recommended by both the Cultural Center and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts prior to receiving the award. Such people are then titled, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation, as National Artist (Filipino: Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining), and are inducted into the order.

Categories

Categories under which National Artists can be recognized originally included:{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-guidelines.php|title=The National Artists of the Philippines Guidelines|access-date=August 20, 2009|publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts|year=2007|work=ncca.gov.ph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828140302/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-guidelines.php|archive-date=August 28, 2009}}

  • Music – singing, composition, direction, and/or performance;
  • Dance – choreography, direction and/or performance;
  • Theater – direction, performance and/or production design;
  • Contemporary Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging;
  • Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism;
  • Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; and
  • Architecture, Design and Allied Arts – architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design.

However, National Artists have since been honored under new categories. The NCCA created the category of National Artist for Fashion Design when it nominated Ramon Valera, but subsumed that category under "Architecture, Design and Allied Arts". President Fidel V. Ramos issued an executive order creating the category of National Artist for Historical Literature before conferring the honor to Carlos Quirino.

Criteria

File:Current logo of the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property.png]]

The National Artists of the Philippines is based on broad criteria, as set forth by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts:

  1. Living artists who have been Filipino citizens for the last ten years prior to nomination as well as those who have died after the establishment of the Award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
  2. Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works;
  3. Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
  4. Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and
  5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition, Award in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline.

Nominations are then submitted to the National Artist Secretariat which is created by the National Artist Award Committee; experts from different art fields then sit on a First Deliberation to prepare the short list of nominees. A Second Deliberation, which is a joint meeting of the Commissioners of the NCCA and the Board of Trustees of the CCP, decides on the final nominees. The list is then forwarded to the President of the Philippines, who, by Presidential Proclamation, proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artists.{{cite web|url=http://www.quezon.ph/2006/05/24/proclaimed-a-national-artist-not-awarded/|title=Proclaimed a National Artist, not awarded » Manuel L. Quezon III|last=mlq3|publisher=quezon.ph}}

Benefits

  • The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;{{cite journal | author=Annie Ruth C. Sabangan| title=Fury over Arroyo's choice of national artists| journal=GMANews.tv: The Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs| date=August 1, 2009| url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/168807/Fury-over-Arroyos-choice-of-national-artist}}
  • A grand collar of the Order of National Artist and a citation;
  • A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as:

:#a cash Award of one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees;

:#a cash Award of seventy-five thousand pesos (₱75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s;

:#a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits;

:#life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable;

:#a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani;

:#a place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events.

Roster of National Artists

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
President

! Year

! Picture

! Awardee

! Province

! Category

! Notes

rowspan="18"|100px
Ferdinand Marcos

! 1972

| 75px

| Fernando Cueto Amorsolo
(1892–1972)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting

| posthumous conferment

rowspan="7" | 1973

| 75px

| Francisca Santos Reyes-Aquino
(1899–1983)

| Bulacan

| Dance

|

75px

| Carlos Modesto "Botong" Villaluz Francisco
(1912–1969)

| Rizal

| Visual Arts – Painting

| rowspan="2" | posthumous conferment

75px

| Amado Vera Hernández
(1903–1970)

| Manila

| Literature

75px

| Antonio Jesus Naguiat Molina
(1894–1980)

| Manila

| Music

|

75px

| Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil
(1899–1986)

| Manila

| Architecture

|

75px

| Guillermo Estrella Tolentino
(1890–1976)

| Bulacan

| Visual Arts – Sculpture

|

75px

| José García Villa
(1908–1997)

| Manila

| Literature

|

rowspan="7" | 1976

| 75px

| Napoleón "Billy" Veloso Abueva
(1930–2018)

| Bohol

| Visual Arts – Sculpture

|

75px

| Leonor Luna Orosa-Goquingco
(1917–2005)

| Batangas

| Dance

|

75px

| Lamberto Vera Avellana
(1915–1991)

| Mountain Province

| Film and Theater

|

75px

| Nicomedes "Nick" Márquez Joaquín
(1917–2004)

| Manila

| Literature

|

75px

| Jovita Flores Fuentes
(1895–1978)

| Capiz

| Music

|

75px

| Victorio Cándido Edades
(1895–1985)

| Pangasinan

| Visual Arts – Painting

|

75px

| Pablo Sebero Antonio Sr.
(1901–1975)

| Manila

| Architecture

| rowspan="3" | posthumous conferment

1981

| 75px

| Vicente Silva Manansala
(1910–1981)

| Pampanga

| Visual Arts – Painting

rowspan="2" | 1982

| 75px

| Gerardo "Gerry" Ilagan de Leon
(1913–1981)

| Manila

| Film

75px

| Carlos Peña Rómulo
(1898–1985)

| Tarlac

| Literature

|

rowspan="9"|100px
Corazon Aquino

! 1987

| File:Dalagang Bukid sarsuwela (cropped).jpg

| Honorata "Atang" Márquez de la Rama-Hernández
(1902–1991)

| Manila

| Theater and Music

|

rowspan="2" | 1988

|

| Antonino Ramírez Buenaventura
(1904–1996)

| Bulacan

| Music

|

75px

| Lucrecia Faustino Reyes-Urtula
(1929–1999)

| Iloilo

| Dance

|

1989

| 75px

| Lucrecia Roces Kasilag
(1918–2008)

| La Union

| Music

|

rowspan="3" | 1990

|

| Zacarias Francisco "Franz" Quino Arcellana
(1916–2002)

| Manila

| Literature

|

75px

| Cesar Torrente Legaspi
(1917–1994)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting

|

| Leandro Valencia Locsín
(1928–1994)

| Negros Occidental

| Architecture

|

rowspan="2" | 1991

|

| Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
(1911–1978)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Lucio Diestro San Pedro Sr.
(1913–2002)

| Rizal

| Music

|

rowspan="9"|100px
Fidel V. Ramos

! rowspan="9" | 1997

| 75px

| Catalino "Lino" Ortiz Brocka
(1939–1991)

| Sorsogon

| Film

| rowspan="4" | posthumous conferment

75px

| Felipe Padilla de León
(1912–1992)

| Nueva Ecija

| Music

75px

| Wilfrido María Barredo Guerrero
(1911–1995)

| Manila

| Theater

| Rolando Santos Tinio
(1937–1997)

| Manila

| Theater and Literature

75px

| Néstor Vicente Madali González
(1915–1999)

| Romblon

| Literature

|

75px

| Levi Celerio Cruz
(1910–2002)

| Manila

| Music & Literature

|

75px

| Arturo Rogerio Luz
(1926–2021)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting

|

75px

| José Montserrat Maceda
(1917–2004)

| Manila and Laguna

| Music

|

75px

| Carlos Lozada Quirino
(1910–1999)

| Manila

| Historical Literature

|

rowspan="5"|100px
Joseph Estrada

! rowspan="5" | 1999

|

| Jerry Navarro Elizalde
(1924–1999)

| Antique

| Visual Arts – Painting

| rowspan="2" | posthumous conferment

| Ernani Joson Cuenco
(1936–1988)

| Bulacan

| rowspan="2" | Music

| Andrea Carriaga Ofilada-Veneracion
(1928–2013)

| Manila

|

75px

| Edith Cutaran López-Tiempo
(1919–2011)

| Nueva Vizcaya and Negros Oriental

| Literature

|

75px

| Daisy Pardo Hontiveros-Avellana
(1917–2013)

| Capiz

| Theater

|

rowspan="19"|100px
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

! rowspan="4" | 2001

| 75px

| Ishmael Bernal
(1938–1996)

| Manila

| Film

| rowspan="2" | posthumous conferment

75px

| Severino Tabat Montano
(1915–1980)

| Ilocos Norte

| Theater

75px

| Francisco Sionil José
(1924–2022)

| Pangasinan

| Literature

|

| Ang Kiukok
(1931–2005)

| Davao del Sur

| rowspan="2" | Visual Arts – Painting

|

rowspan="5" | 2003

|

| José Tanig Joya
(1931–1995)

| Manila

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Virgilio Senadrin Almario
(b. 1944)

| Bulacan

| rowspan="2" | Literature

|

75px

| Alejandro Reyes Roces
(1924–2011)

| Manila

|

75px

| Edgar Sinco Romero
(1924–2013)

| Negros Oriental

| Film and Broadcast Arts

|

75px

| Salvador Floro Bernal
(1945–2011)

| Pangasinan

| Theater and Design

|

rowspan="7" | 2006

| 75px

| Benedicto Reyes Cabrera
(b. 1942)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting

|

75px

| Abdulmari Asia Imao
(1936–2014)

| Sulu

| Visual Arts – Sculpture

|

75px

| Bienvenido Lumbera

(1932–2021)

| Batangas

| Literature

|

| Ramon Arevalo Obusan
(1938–2006)

| Albay

| Dance

|

75px

| Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr.
(1929–2014)

| Manila

| Architecture – Landscape

|

75px

| Ronald Allan "Fernando" Kelley Poe Jr.{{ref|2012|1}}
(1939–2004)

| Manila

| Film

| rowspan="5" | posthumous conferment

75px

| Ramón Oswald Valera
(1912–1972)

| Abra

| Fashion Design

rowspan="3" | 2009{{ref|2009|2}}{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/115375/aguilar-alcuaz-francisco-conde-deceased-all-to-be-finally-conferred-national-artist-awards-in-november |title=Aguilar Alcuaz, Francisco, Conde– deceased all–to be finally conferred National Artist awards in November|access-date=October 20, 2013}}

| 75px

| Manuel Pabustan Urbano (Manuel Conde)
(1915–1985)

| Camarines Norte

| Film and Broadcast Arts

| Lázaro Ángeles Francisco
(1898–1980)

| Bataan

| Literature

| Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
(1932–2011)

| Manila

| Visual Arts – Painting, Sculpture and Mixed Media

rowspan="6" |100px
Benigno Aquino III

! rowspan="6" | 2014[http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/163632/palace-declares-new-national-artists-nora-aunor-didnt-make-it Palace Declares New National Artists]. Philippine Daily Inquirer (June 21, 2014)

| 75px

| Alice García Reyes van Doorn
(b. 1942)

| Manila

| Dance

|

75px

| Francisco Vicente Coching
(1919–1998)

| Manila

| Visual Arts

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Cirilo Francisco Bautista
(1941–2018)

| Manila

| Literature

|

| Francisco Espíritu Feliciano
(1941–2014)

| Rizal

| Music

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Ramón Pagayon Santos
(b. 1941)

| Manila

| Music

|

| José María Vélez Zaragoza
(1912–1994)

| Manila

| Architecture

| posthumous conferment

rowspan="15" |100px
Rodrigo Duterte

! rowspan="7" | 2018

| 75px

| Raymundo Cipriano "Ryan" Pujante Cayabyab
(b. 1954)

| Manila

| Music

|

75px

| Francisco "Bobby" Tronqued Mañosa
(1931–2019)

| Manila

| Architecture and Allied Arts

|

| Ramón Larupay Muzones
(1913–1992)

| Iloilo

| Literature

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Resil Buagas Mojares
(b. 1943)

| Zamboanga del Norte/Cebu

| Literature

|

| Lauro "Larry" Zarate Alcala
(1926–2002)

| Albay

| Visual Arts

| posthumous conferment

75px

| Amelia Ramolete Lapeña-Bonifacio
(1930–2020)

| Manila

| Theater

|

75px

| Eric Oteyza de Guia (Kidlat Tahimik)
(b. 1942)

| Benguet

| Film and Broadcast Arts

|

rowspan="8" | 2022

| 75px

| Nora Cabaltera Villamayor "Aunor"
(1953–2025)

| Camarines Sur

| Film and Broadcast Arts

|

75px

| Agnes Dakudao Locsin
(b. 1957)

| Davao

| Dance

|

75px

| Fides Belza Cuyugan-Asensio
(b. 1931)

| Quezon

| Music

|

75px

| Ricardo "Ricky" Arreola Lee
(b. 1948)

| Camarines Norte

| Film and Broadcast Arts

|

75px

| Gémino Henson Abad
(b. 1939)

| Manila

| Literature

|

| Antonio "Tony" Ocampo Mabesa
(1935–2019)

| Laguna

| Theater

| rowspan="3" | posthumous conferment

| Marilou Correa Diaz-Abaya
(1955–2012)

| Manila

| Film and Broadcast Arts

75px

| Salvacion Navera Lim-Higgins
(1920–1990)

| Albay

| Fashion Design

{{Note|2012|1}}In May 2006, under the Arroyo administration, the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) already conferred the award to Poe but the late actor's wife, Susan Roces refused to acknowledge it. President Aquino has approved and signed Proclamation 435 affirming the previous proclamation of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo declaring the late movie icon Fernando Poe Jr. a National Artist, posthumously. The Poe family finally accepted the conferment on 16 August 2012. .{{cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/54430/aquino-confers-order-of-national-artist-for-cinema-to-late-fernando-poe-jr |title=Aquino confers Order of National Artist for Cinema on late Fernando Poe Jr.

|access-date=October 20, 2013}}

{{note|2009|2}}Aguilar Alcuaz, Francisco, and Conde were all proclaimed in 2009 but the conferment of the order was delayed due to a controversy. The order was finally bestowed in a ceremony at Malacañang Palace in November 2013.

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Nominations

Since the establishment in 1972 of the order for artists who have contributed largely in their respective fields, government and non-government cultural organizations and educational institutes have nominated candidates deemed eligible and worthy of such recognition.{{cite web|url=https://ifacca.org/news/2024/01/05/ncca-opens-nominations-persons-worthy-being-named/|title=NCCA opens nominations for persons worthy of being named national artists|date=5 January 2024|access-date=10 October 2024|website=ifacca.org}} Unfortunately, the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts does not reveal their deliberations and list of candidates received.

The following list features noted personalities nominated for their respective fields:{{cite web|url=https://verafiles.org/articles/cecile-licad-gilopez-kabayao-nonoy-froilan-vilma-santos-are-nominated-for-national-artists|title=Cecile Licad, Gilopez Kabayao, Nonoy Froilan, Vilma Santos are nominated for National Artists|website=verafiles.org|date=26 August 2024|author=Pablo A. Tariman}}{{cite web|url=https://manilastandard.net/?p=350123|title=NCCA, CCP name early nominees for National Artists Award|website=Manila Standard|author=22 March 2012}}

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2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy

{{Main|2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy}}

In August 2009, the conferment of the Order of National Artists on seven individuals by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo{{cite journal|author=T. J. Burgonio|title=Arroyo names 7 National Artists for '09|journal=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=July 29, 2009|url=http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/07/29/html_output/xmlhtml/20090729-217787-xml.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801120954/http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/07/29/html_output/xmlhtml/20090729-217787-xml.html|archive-date=August 1, 2009}} became controversial when it was revealed that musician Ramon Santos had been dropped from the list of nominees short-listed in May that year by the selection committee, and that four other individuals had been nominated via "President's prerogative": Cecile Guidote-Alvarez (Theater), Carlo J. Caparas (Visual Arts and Film), Francisco Mañosa (Architecture), and Pitoy Moreno (Fashion Design).{{cite journal|author=Kristine L. Alave, Bayani San Diego Jr.|title=Palace choices of 4 nat'l artists protested|journal=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 1, 2009|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090801-218247/Palace-choices-of-4-natl-artists-protested|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804042155/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090801-218247/Palace-choices-of-4-natl-artists-protested| archive-date=August 4, 2009}}

Members of the Philippine art community–including a number of living members of the Order–protested that the proclamation politicised the title of National Artist, and made it "a way for President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to accommodate her allies." Specific protests were raised regarding the nomination of Guidote-Alvarez, who was also executive director of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, because it was purportedly a breach of protocol and delicadeza (propriety), and of Caparas, on the grounds that he was unqualified for nomination under both the Visual Arts and the Film categories.{{cite web|url=http://gerry.alanguilan.com/archives/1659|title=Bottom Line: Carlo J. Caparas is NOT Qualified|access-date=August 4, 2009|publisher=Komikero Comics Journal|year=2009|author=Gerry Alanguilan|work=Komikero Comics Journal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802120520/http://gerry.alanguilan.com/archives/1659|archive-date=August 2, 2009}} On July 16, 2013, the controversy finally ended after the Supreme Court of the Philippines voted 12-1-2 that voided the four proclamations.{{cite journal|author=Mark Merueñas|title=SC voids National Artist Award on Carlo Caparas, 3 others|journal=GMA News and Public Affairs|date=July 16, 2013|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/317670/news/nation/sc-voids-national-artist-award-on-carlo-caparas-3-others}}

On June 20, 2014, five years after he was originally shortlisted in 2009, Ramon Santos was finally conferred National Artist for Music by President Benigno S. Aquino III.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{commons category-inline}}
  • [http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-list.php List of National Artists (NCCA)]. From the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) website.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090828140302/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-guidelines.php National Artists Guidelines (NCCA)]
  • [https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-national-artists/ The Order of National Artists] – from the Official Gazette of the Philippines (Office of the President)
  • [http://news.inq7.net/nation/index.php?index=1&story_id=72488 National Artists in Waiting: Six in a Fix]

{{National Artists of the Philippines}}

{{Philippine honours}}

Philippines

Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Philippines

01

Category:Establishments by Philippine presidential decree