National camp

In Israeli politics, the national camp ({{langx|he|המחנה הלאומי}}) or right-wing bloc is an informal coalition of nationalist and right-wing, religious conservative political parties that since 1977 has frequently co-operated to form governments.{{cite book|publisher=Taylor & Francis|title=The Elections in Israel 2015|page=77|year=2017|first=Michal|last=Shamir}}

The coalition is led by Likud, and includes parties to its political right as well as religious parties. Generally, the two Haredi parties (Shas and the United Torah Judaism alliance) align with Likud. In the past, the coalition has included the National Religious Party, the National Union, Gesher, Tkuma, The Jewish Home, the New Right, Yisrael Beiteinu (until late 2019) and Zehut.{{cite book|publisher=Taylor & Francis|title=The Elections in Israel 2015|page=83|first=Michal|last=Shamir|year=2017}}{{cite book|title=Israel at the Polls 2013: Continuity and Change in Israeli Political Culture|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|first=Eithan|last=Orkibi}}{{cite news|work=Arutz Sheva|title=Revived Labor Party To Bury Barak's Career|date=14 September 2011|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/147882}}{{cite news|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=30 December 2018|title=Naftali Bennett and Ayelet Shaked quit Jewish Home to set up new party|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/israel/naftali-bennett-and-ayelet-shaked-quit-jewish-home-to-set-up-new-party-1.477841}}{{cite web |url=https://www.jns.org/zehut-party-submits-slate-will-not-join-united-right/|title=Zehut Party submits slate, will not join United Right|work=Jewish News Syndicate|date=1 August 2019 |accessdate=1 August 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://www.tv7israelnews.com/israels-35th-government-deal/|title=Israel's 35th government deal|work=TV7|date=1 August 2019 |accessdate=1 August 2019}}

Right-wing bloc

Following the September 2019 Israeli legislative election, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formed a "right-wing bloc" for the purposes of coalition negotiations, consisting of Likud, Shas, United Torah Judaism and Yamina, that would support Netanyahu as Prime Minister.{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-says-right-wing-haredi-factions-to-operate-as-bloc-in-coalition-talks/|title = Netanyahu: It's either my right-wing bloc, or a dangerous Arab-backed government| website=The Times of Israel }} In February 2021, Yamina left the bloc to pursue negotiations with opposition parties, and the Religious Zionist Party, which had split from Yamina, also declined to sign on, despite supporting Netanyahu as Prime Minister.{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/haredi-parties-pledge-loyalty-to-netanyahu-refuse-to-join-any-other-coalition/|title=Haredi parties pledge loyalty to Netanyahu; Smotrich's Religious Zionism doesn't|website=The Times of Israel }} However, the Religious Zionist Party later rejoined the bloc and participated in bloc meetings.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jns.org/netanyahu-calls-emergency-meeting-of-right-wing-bloc/|title = Netanyahu calls emergency meeting of right-wing bloc|date = 3 June 2021}}

Following the fall of the Netanyahu government in June 2021, the four parties of the right-wing bloc went into the opposition, but continued to hold regular joint meetings in Netanyahu's office.{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/EXT-LIVE-after-swearing-in-bennett-s-new-coalition-to-meet-with-president-1.9902709#7012936042|title = Netanyahu: We will topple the 'fraudulent' Bennett government| newspaper=Haaretz }}{{cite news|work=Times of Israel|title=Despite resigning as MK in plea deal, Deri to continue leading Shas Knesset activity|date=27 January 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-resignation-deri-to-continue-near-full-slate-of-knesset-activities/}}

The bloc returned to power under Netanyahu's leadership following the 2022 Israeli legislative election, forming the thirty-seventh government of Israel.{{cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/netanyahu-led-right-wing-bloc-wins-israeli-election/2729234 | title=Netanyahu-led right-wing bloc wins Israeli election }}

Composition

=Current=

class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"

! colspan="3" style="width:200px" |Name

! style="width:70px" |Years

! style="width:90px" |Position

! Ideology

! Leader

! MKs

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|Likud}};" |

|colspan = 2|Likud

|1977–present

|Centre-right to right-wing

|Conservatism

|Benjamin Netanyahu

|{{composition bar|32|120|hex={{party color|Likud}}}}

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|Shas}};" |

|colspan = 2|Shas

|1984–present

|Right-wing

|Religious conservatism
(Sephardi-Haredi)

|Aryeh Deri

|{{composition bar|11|120|hex={{party color|Shas}}}}

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|United Torah Judaism}};" |

|colspan = 2|United Torah Judaism{{cref|a}}

|1992–present

|Right-wing

|Religious conservatism
(Ashkenazi-Haredi)

|Yitzhak Goldknopf

|{{composition bar|7|120|hex={{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|Religious Zionist Party}};" |

|colspan = 2|Mafdal – Religious Zionism{{cref|b}}

|2023–present

|Right-wing to Far-right

|Religious Zionism
Ultranationalism

|Bezalel Smotrich

|{{composition bar|7|120|hex={{party color|Religious Zionist Party}}}}

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|Otzma Yehudit}};" |

|colspan = 2|Otzma Yehudit

|2013–present

|Far-right

|Kahanism

|Itamar Ben-Gvir

|{{composition bar|6|120|hex={{party color|Otzma Yehudit}}}}

style="width:2px;background:#01AFF0;" |

|colspan = 2|Noam

|2019–present

|Far-right

|Religious Zionism
Social conservatism

|Avi Maoz

|{{composition bar|1|120|hex=#01AFF0}}

=Right-wing parties not in the bloc=

class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"

! colspan="2" style="width:200px" |Name

! style="width:70px" |Years

! style="width:90px" |Position

! style="width:120px" |Ideology

! style="width:140px" |Leader

! MKs

style="width:2px;background:{{party color|Yisrael Beiteinu}};" |

|Yisrael Beiteinu

|1999–2019

|Centre-right to right-wing

|National liberalism

|Avigdor Lieberman

|{{composition bar|6|120|hex={{party color|Yisrael Beiteinu}}}}

style=background:{{Party color|New Hope (Israel)}} |

|New Hope

|Centre-right to right-wing

|Conservatism
National liberalism

|Gideon Sa'ar

|{{composition bar|4|120|hex={{party color|New Hope (Israel)}}}}

In January 2022, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett suggested he was planning to form a "new national camp" with Yamina, Yisrael Beiteinu and New Hope, excluding Likud.{{cite news|work=Times of Israel|title=Bennett said to eye 'new national camp' with coalition partners Liberman, Sa'ar|date=29 January 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bennett-said-to-eye-new-national-camp-with-coalition-partners-liberman-saar/}} The three parties parted their ways during the collapse of 36th Cabinet of Israel.

In August 2024, Gideon Sa'ar, the leader of New Hope, called for the unification of what he described as the "liberal right-wing camp", which would also include Yisrael Beiteinu and Bennett's New Right.{{cite news|work=Jerusalem Post|title=Liberman, Sa'ar hold concrete merger negotiations - report|date=4 August 2024|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-813215}}