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October 1919

{{Short description|Month in 1919}}

{{use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{Events by month|1919}}

{{calendar|year=1919|month=October}}

The following events occurred in October 1919:

File:Woodrow and Edith Wilson2.jpg's first posed photograph after his stroke, with First Lady Edith Wilson holding a document steady while he signs.]]

File:1919 blacksox.jpg at the 1919 World Series. Several players were alleged to have intentionally thrown the series.]]

[[October 1]], 1919 (Wednesday)

[[October 2]], 1919 (Thursday)

  • U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffered a serious stroke at the age of 62, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life.{{cite book |last=Heckscher |first=August |title=Woodrow Wilson |publisher=Easton Press |date=1991 |isbn=978-0-684-19312-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00heck/page/615 615=622] |url=https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilson00heck/page/615 }} However, his inner circle, led by the First Lady Edith Wilson and chief physician Cary T. Grayson, kept the general public in the dark about Wilson's health until February. Even then, Wilson's presidency continued for another year with Edith Wilson acting as a shadow steward of the executive branch.{{cite book |last1=Berg |first1=A. Scott |title=Wilson |date=2013 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0743206754|pages=643–644, 648–650}}
  • The North Shore Country Day School held its first day of classes in Winnetka, Illinois.{{cite web |title=NSCDS Timeline |url=https://www.nscds.org/our-history/nscds-timeline |website=NSCDS.org |access-date=21 December 2019}}
  • English golfer Abe Mitchell won the 12th News of the World Match Play, defeating Scottish golfer George Duncan by one stroke at the Walton Heath Golf Club in Surrey, England.{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=I8dAAAAAIBAJ&pg=5044%2C3313426 |title=Golf – The £590 tournament – Victory of Abe Mitchell | newspaper=The Glasgow Herald |date=3 October 1919 |page=13}}
  • The People's Paper, a Dutch morning edition, was first published and now has a nation-wide circulation of 250,000.{{cite book|author=Cordula Rooijendijk| title=That City is Mine!: Urban Ideal Images in Public Debates and City Plans, Amsterdam & Rotterdam 1945-1995| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pW9ZAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|access-date=9 December 2014| year=2005| publisher=Amsterdam University Press| isbn=978-90-5629-382-6| page=23}}
  • Born: Shirley Clarke, American filmmaker, known for her independent short films and documentaries including The Connection, The Cool World and Portrait of Jason, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film for Robert Frost: A Lover's Quarrel with the World, co-founder of The Film-Makers' Cooperative; as Shirley Brimberg, in New York City, United States (d. 1997){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Victorino de la Plaza, 78, Argentinian state leader, 18th President of Argentina (b. 1840){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 3]], 1919 (Friday)

[[October 4]], 1919 (Saturday)

  • American pilot Rudolph Schroeder, flying a Packard aircraft, achieved a new altitude world record of {{convert|9,622|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.
  • Pope Benedict established the Territorial Prelate of Acre and Purus, named after the Acre River and Purus River of the Amazon. It eventually became the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rio Branco in 1986.{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dribr.html|title=Diocese of Rio Branco| publisher=catholic-hierarchy.org| access-date=2013-04-10}}{{cite web| url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/riob0.htm| title=Diocese of Rio Branco| publisher=GCatholic.org| access-date=2013-04-10}}
  • The Australian comedy The Sentimental Bloke premiered in Melbourne.[http://www.afc.gov.au/newsandevents/at_archive/screeningsevents/sent_bloke/newspage_156.aspx The Sentimental Bloke restored to its former glory] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090713152824/http%3A//www.afc.gov.au/newsandevents/at_archive/screeningsevents/sent_bloke/newspage_156.aspx |date=2009-07-13 }}, Australian Film Commission.
  • The French communist newspaper The Worker of Lot-et-Garonne was first published in Agen, France.Belloin, Gérard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1sLmhVJe548C&pg=PA54 Renaud Jean: le tribun des paysans]. Paris: Ed. de l'Atelier, 1993. p. 54

[[October 5]], 1919 (Sunday)

[[October 6]], 1919 (Monday)

File:Strike leader at Gary, Ind., advising strikers LCCN2002695621.jpg in Gary, Indiana.]]

[[October 7]], 1919 (Tuesday)

File:Edmund Allenby.jpg Edmund Allenby]]

[[October 8]], 1919 (Wednesday)

[[October 9]], 1919 (Thursday)

  • The Cincinnati Reds won the World Series, five games to three, over the Chicago White Sox. However, rumors persisted and later confirmed that eight White Sox members intentionally threw games in exchange for gambling proceeds.{{cite web | title=1919 Chicago White Sox | work=historicbaseball | url=http://www.historicbaseball.com/teams/1919whitesox.html | access-date=June 10, 2007}}{{Cite web| url=http://www.chicagohs.org:80/history/blacksox/blk1.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008135829/http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox/blk1.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=October 8, 2014| title=History Files - Chicago Black Sox| date=2014-10-08| access-date=2017-09-15}}

[[October 10]], 1919 (Friday)

[[October 11]], 1919 (Saturday)

[[October 12]], 1919 (Sunday)

[[October 13]], 1919 (Monday)

  • Russian Civil War – The 8th and 13th Red Armies launched a counteroffensive against the White Army starting with an initial clash at the village of Moskovskoye south of Moscow.{{cite book| last1 = Thomas| first1 = Nigel| last2 = Boltowsky| first2 = Toomas| title = Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20| publisher = Osprey Publishing| date = 2019| location = Oxford| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=HnmGDwAAQBAJ| isbn = 9781472830777| page = 8}}
  • The Paris Convention was signed by 26 nations, establishing each country's sovereignty over its airspace. The agreement would take effect in 1922.{{cite web|url=http://www.airwaysmuseum.com/Creation%20of%20the%20CAB%20part%201.htm|title=The Creation of the Civil Aviation Branch and its Early Years|publisher=Airways Museum|author=Roger Meyer|access-date=28 January 2015}}
  • The Leeds City club of the Football League Second Division was expelled amid financial irregularities.{{cite web|url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/history/unitedbirth.htm|title=History of the Club – The birth of Leeds United, 1919|work=The Mighty Mighty Whites|access-date=2012-09-25}}
  • The Sedan railway line opened to the public, connecting the Monarto South railway station to Sedan, Australia.[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5634147 Monarto to Sedan Railway] Adelaide Advertiser 11 October 1919{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146435556 |title=The Sedan-Monarto Railway |newspaper=The Mount Barker Courier and Onkaparinga and Gumeracha Advertiser |location=SA |date=24 October 1919 |access-date=7 September 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}{{cite book| last1=Quinlan| first1=Howard| last2=Newland| first2=John| title=Australian Railway Routes 1854 - 2000| date=2000| publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society| location=Redfern|isbn=0-909650-49-7| pages=53, 56}}
  • Born:
  • Delia Garcés, Argentine actress, noted female lead during the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema in the 1930s and 1940s; as Delia Amadora García Gerboles, in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2001){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Jackie Ronne, American explorer, first woman to be part on an expedition team to Antarctica, co-discoverer of the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf; as Edith Jackie Ronne, in Baltimore, United States (d. 2009){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 14]], 1919 (Tuesday)

[[October 15]], 1919 (Wednesday)

[[October 16]], 1919 (Thursday)

[[October 17]], 1919 (Friday)

File:SMS Kaiser Franz Joseph I anchored.png

  • The White Russian Volunteer Army began the last of its pogroms against Jewish communities around Kiev with the village Ivankiv, Ukraine. Over three days, insurgents murdered 14 people, wounded another nine, and sexually assaulted 15 women and girls.Harry James Cargas, Reflections of a Post-Auschwitz Christian. On meeting Kurt Waldheim. p. 136 [https://books.google.com/books?id=70fK_lGLBCkC&pg=PA136&dq=Kiev+pogrom+1919&sig=orQJ3PiIa74nPkcozRMoSusYkHc#PPA136,M1]
  • United States Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer appeared before the Senate to explain what was a perceived lack of progress on combating radicalism in the United States. Palmer answered that the U.S. Justice Department had amassed 60,000 names and were close to making arrests.New York Times: [https://www.nytimes.com/1919/11/16/archives/palmer-for-stringent-law-attorney-general-asks-Senate-for-sedition.html "Palmer for Stringent Law," November 16, 1919], accessed January 15, 2010
  • Former Austro-Hungarian cruiser {{SMS|Kaiser Franz Joseph I}} sank in a storm off the coast of Yugoslavia.{{cite book |last1=Sieche |first1=Erwin |editor1-last=Roberts |editor1-first=John |title=Warship 1995 |date=1995 |publisher=Conway Maratime Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-85177-654-5 |page=34 |chapter=The Kaiser Franz Joseph I. Class Torpedo-rams}}
  • General Electric established RCA using acquired assets from the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America and recruited Marconi executive David Sarnoff as one of the new corporate leaders. Sarnoff would later be a key figure in developing NBC and RKO Pictures.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89074767138;view=1up;seq=191 History of Radio to 1926] by Gleason L. Archer, 1938, pages 159–167, 180.
  • King Alfonso inaugurated the new metro system in Madrid, with Line 1 running for {{convert|3.48|km|mi}} with eight stops including Bilbao, Chamberí, Cuatro Caminos, Gran Vía, Iglesia, Ríos Rosas, Sol, and Tribunal. On its official first day of operation two days later, it ran 390 trains carrying 56,220 passengers. Ticket fares for the first day totaled 8,433 pesetas.{{cite book |last=Moya |first=Aurora|date= 2010-09-15|title=Metro de Madrid, 1919–1989. Setenta años de historia| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nTDZwEACAAJ&q=false|location=Madrid, Spain|page=48|isbn=978-84-613-6154-0}}{{Cite web| url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html| title=History: 1919| website=metromadrid.es| author=Metro de Madrid| access-date=2 September 2018}}{{cite book | last=Parsons |first=Deborah L.|date= 2003-01-05|title=A Cultural History of Madrid: Modernism and the Urban Spectacle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGBjCgAAQBAJ&q=false&pg=PA100 |publisher=Oxford International Publishers Ltd.|page=79|isbn=1-85973-646-7}}{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrD3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142 |page=142 |last=Stewart |first=Jules |title=Madrid: The History |publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=9780857732712 |date=2012-10-15 }}
  • Frank Conrad began broadcasting an experimental radio broadcast with the call sign 8XK at 7750 Penn Avenue, in Pittsburgh. A year later, Conrad was able to form a public radio station called KDKA.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=731RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VWgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1821%2C536271 "The Radio Amateur"] by C. E. Urban, "Wireless Telephone Here", Pittsburgh Gazette Times, October 26, 1919, Sixth section, p. 13
  • The football club Leeds United was established but could not start playing in the league until the 1920–21 season as Port Vale had taken over the defunct Leeds City place in the English Football League.{{cite web| url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/seasons/192021.htm| title=Review of 1920-21| work=The Mighty Mighty Whites|access-date=2012-09-25}}
  • Born:
  • Violet Milstead, Canadian aviator, first female bush pilot and member of the Air Transport Auxiliary during World War II, recipient of the Order of Canada; in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (d. 2014){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Zhao Ziyang, Chinese state leader, 3rd Premier of the People's Republic of China; as Zhao Xiuye, in Hua County, Republic of China (present-day China) (d. 2005) {{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: James Wolfe Murray, 66, British army officer, Chief of the General Staff from 1914 to 1915, recipient of the Order of the Bath for action during the Second Boer War (b. 1853){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 18]], 1919 (Saturday)

[[October 19]], 1919 (Sunday)

  • Russian Civil War – The Red Army cavalry defeated its White Army counterpart at the village of Moskovskoye and pushed them to the village of Khrenovoe near the city of Voronezh, Russia.
  • A force of 4,000 White Russian soldiers stationed in the Transbaikal region east of Lake Baikal in Russia held off a month-long assault by 2,000 Soviet partisans, inflicting some 500 casualties while losing 185 of their own men.Шерешевский Б. М. Разгром семеновщины. — Новосибирск, 1966
  • Football clubs were established in the following cities:
  • Angers in Angers, France as a Ligue 1 team{{cite web |title=The history of the Angers SCO club |url=https://www.angers-sco.fr/club/histoire |website=Angers SCO |language=fr |access-date=2 January 2019}}
  • Baník Prievidza in Prievidza, Slovakia{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.fcbanikhn.sk/historia/ |website=FC Banik |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=sk}}

[[October 20]], 1919 (Monday)

  • Russian Civil War – A month-long offensive against the White Russians by the Insurgent Army under command of Nestor Makhno in Ukraine ended when they captured Ekaterinoslav on the Dnieper River. In all, the army inflicted 7,000 casualties and forced the surviving White troops to the port of Taganrog. The offensive helped contribute to the collapse of the White Russian advance on Moscow.{{Cite book |last1=Belash |first1=Aleksandr Víktorovich |last2=Belash |first2=Victor Fiódorovich |author-link2=Viktor Belash |title=Dorogi Nestora Makhno: istoricheskoe povestvovanie |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_5770738146 |url-access=limited |trans-title=Roads of Nestor Makhno (Historical narration) |date=1993 |language=ru |isbn=978-5-7707-3814-8 |publisher=RVT︠S︡ "Proza" |location=Kiev |oclc=31740208 |df=mdy-all |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_5770738146/page/n135 136]}}
  • Orel–Kursk operation – The Red Army captured the city of Kromy and advanced on Orel, Russia.{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Орловско-Курская операция 1919|encyclopedia=Гражданская война и военная интервенция 1918—1922: Энциклопедия|date=1983|editor-last=Khromov|editor-first=S.S.|publisher=Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Moscow|pages=416–417|language=ru|trans-title=Orel–Kursk operation 1919}}
  • Ernest Charles Drury of the United Farmers of Ontario won a majority in the Ontario provincial election, defeating the Conservative Party led by William Howard Hearst to form the 15th Government of Ontario.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7kdAAAAMAAJ|title=The Progressive Party in Canada|last=Morton|first=William Lewis|date=1950-01-01|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802070968|pages=76|language=en}} A referendum was also held to repeal prohibition of alcohol, with the majority voting against repeal.Edmonton Bulletin, October 20, 1919
  • A tunnel collapse at the Levant Mine and Beam Engine in Cornwall, England killed 31 miners.
  • French pilot Bernard de Romanet, flying a Nieuport-Delage airplane, achieved a new world speed record of {{convert|268.79|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.
  • The University of Science and Technology was established in Kraków, Poland.{{cite web |title=History of AGH UST |url=https://www.agh.edu.pl/en/university/history-and-traditions/history/ |website=AGH University of Science and Technology |access-date=8 December 2018}}
  • The School of Automotive Trades was established in Flint, Michigan to train students seeking careers in the auto industry. It was later acquired by General Motors in 1926. After the institute split from GM on 1982, it was renamed Kettering University (after auto inventor Charles F. Kettering) in 1998.{{cite web |title=Centennial Information |url=https://www.kettering.edu/centennial |website=Kettering University |access-date=8 December 2018}}
  • Publishing house Duckworth Books released the novel Night and Day by Virginia Woolf.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Football club Ceahlăul was established in Piatra Neamț, Romania.{{cite web|title=Istoria echipei Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț|trans-title=History of Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț|url=http://www.istoriafotbalului.go.ro/ceahlaul-piatra-neamt.html| publisher=istoriafotbalului.go.ro| access-date=29 March 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305175803/http://www.istoriafotbalului.go.ro/ceahlaul-piatra-neamt.html| archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}
  • Born: Matthew Sands, American physicist, member of the Manhattan Project, co-author of The Feynman Lectures on Physics; in Oxford, Massachusetts, United States (d. 2014){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Walter Brack, German swimmer, gold and silver medalist at the 1904 Summer Olympics (b. 1880){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 21]], 1919 (Tuesday)

  • The first attempt to make a flight from England and Australia through a competition for a £A10,000 prize by the Australian government was made by pilot Captain George Campbell Matthews of the Australian Flying Corps with Sergeant Thomas D. Kay as his mechanic in a Sopwith Wallaby. Bad luck plagued the inaugural trip with bad weather delaying flights from Cologne and Vienna, and both men being detained as suspected Bolsheviks in Belgrade. Engine problems at Constantinople (now Istanbul) and more bad weather at Aleppo caused further delays. The flight competition was abandoned in April 1920 when the plane crashed in Bali where Matthews was slightly injured.{{cite magazine |magazine=Flight |date=16 October 1919 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1919/1919%20-%201364.html |title=The Flight To Australia |page=1366 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309064642/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1919/1919%20-%201364.html |archive-date=2011-03-09}}
  • British composer Frederick Delius premiered his last opera Fennimore and Gerda at the Frankfurt Opera House. It had intended to premier in 1910 at the Cologne Opera but World War I prevented its release.Boyden, Matthew, et al, The Rough Guide to Opera, Rough Guides, 2002. {{ISBN|978-1-85828-749-2}}, pp. 406, 408
  • Erich von Stroheim directed and starred in the film Blind Husbands, released through Universal Pictures. The film was based on Stronheim's own short story The Pinnacle.Review, synopsis and link to watch the film: {{cite web |url=http://www.acinemahistory.com/2014/07/blind-husbands-1919.html|title=A Cinema History|access-date=17 February 2015}}
  • Died: John Brown, 76, American indigenous leader, last chief of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma (b. 1842){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 22]], 1919 (Wednesday)

  • The last official elections were held in the Ottoman Empire before it officially dissolved.Hasan Kayalı (1995) [http://psi203.cankaya.edu.tr/uploads/files/Kayali,%20Elections%20in%20the%20Ott%20Empire%20(1995).pdf "Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1919"] International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 265–286{{cite book| last=Hale| first=William| title=Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGtjjun84lAC&pg=PA33| date=10 September 2012| publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-23802-4| page=33}}
  • United States Congress passed an act that allowed permits to be granted for private companies and individuals surveying for underground water in Nevada.{{Cite book |access-date =3 July 2016 |title =United States Reports, volume 541: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 2003 |last =Wagner |first =Frank D. |year =2006 |place =Washington DC |pages=176, 179, 180|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EfRxJPUfYhYC&q=%22PITTMAN+UNDERGROUND+WATER+ACT%22+-Bedroc&pg=PA1159|isbn =9780160876028 }}
  • The church and parish of María Auxiliadora was established in Montevideo.{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona6 |title=María Auxiliadora |publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=10 May 2013 }} {{in lang|es}}
  • Born:
  • Doris Lessing, British writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels including The Grass Is Singing, The Golden Notebook and The Good Terrorist; as Doris May Tayler, in Kermanshah, Persia (present-day Iran) (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Morris Janowitz, American sociologist, developed military sociology; in Paterson, New Jersey, United States (d. 1988){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: John Cyril Porte, 35, Irish-British aviator, developer of the flying boat at the Seaplane Experimental Station in Felixstowe, England; died of tuberculosis (b. 1884){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 23]], 1919 (Thursday)

  • The Detroit Symphony Orchestra provided the opening performance for the new Orchestra Hall in Detroit.{{Cite book | author1=Hill, Eric J. | author2=John Gallagher | name-list-style=amp | title=AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture | year=2002 | publisher=Wayne State University Press | isbn=0-8143-3120-3 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/aiadetroitameric0000hill }} p. 112
  • The sports club Lunds was established in Lund, Sweden.{{cite web |title=Club History |url=http://www.lundsbk.se/sida/?ID=121277 |website=Lunds BK |access-date=24 December 2018 |language=sv}}

[[October 24]], 1919 (Friday)

[[October 25]], 1919 (Saturday)

[[October 26]], 1919 (Sunday)

  • General elections were held in Luxembourg, following changes to the constitution earlier in the year to allow universal suffrage and proportional representation. This allowed the Party of the Right led by Émile Reuter to retain dominance of the government.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p. 1234 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}{{cite book | last=Thewes | first=Guy | title=Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 | url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/publications/download/gouvernements_1848_2.pdf | access-date=2006-08-23 | edition=Édition limitée |date= July 2003 | publisher=Service Information et Presse | location=Luxembourg City | isbn=2-87999-118-8 |pages=76–78}} Women participated in their first elections and were allowed to run for office, resulting in Marguerite Thomas-Clement being elected as the first woman parliamentarian.{{cite book |last1=Rodriguez Ruiz |first1=Blanca |last2=Rubio-Marín |first2=Ruth |title=The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe: Voting to Become Citizens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KIMwdbG0EcC&pg=PA216 |series=International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology |date=2012 |publisher=Brill Publishers |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |isbn=978-90-04-22425-4 |page=161}}{{cite web |url=http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Luxembourg.htm |website=European Database: Women in Decision-making |title=Country Report Luxembourg |access-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212939/http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Luxembourg.htm |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/systeme-electoral/droit-vote/index.html|title=Right to vote|publisher=Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208133753/http://luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/systeme-electoral/droit-vote/index.html|archive-date=8 December 2018|url-status=dead}}
  • The Free Democratic Party of Switzerland won a majority of the seats in the National Council during the federal election in Switzerland.Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, pp. 1894, 1953 {{ISBN|9783832956097}}
  • Russian Civil War – The 33rd Rifle Division of the Red Army captured Liksi, Russia and forced the White Russians over the Don River.
  • Roscoe Arbuckle and Buster Keaton starred in their second hit comedy short The Hayseed.{{cite web |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/H/Hayseed1919.html |title=Progressive Silent Film List: The Hayseed |access-date=February 26, 2008|work=Silent Era}}
  • Born: A set of fraternal twins were born to the Pahlavi royal family in Tehran, Mohammad and Ashraf. Mohammad would grow to become Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, while his twin sister Ashraf Pahlavi played a key role in helping her brother gain power during the 1953 Iranian coup d'état.Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press, {{ISBN|978-0-520-25328-5}}, p. 4
  • Born:
  • Edward Brooke, American politician, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts from 1967 to 1979, first African American elected to the United States Senate; in Washington, D.C., United States (d. 2015){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Jacob Pressman, American religious leader and academic, co-founder of the American Jewish University; in Philadelphia, United States (d. 2015){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Akashi Motojiro, 55, Japanese army officer and state leader, 7th Governor-General of Taiwan (b. 1864){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Rachel Foster Avery, 60, American activist, secretary for the National American Woman Suffrage Association and close collaborator with Susan B. Anthony (b. 1858){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 27]], 1919 (Monday)

  • Orel–Kursk operation – The Red Army captured the city of Kromy, Russia.{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Орловско-Курская операция 1919|encyclopedia=Гражданская война и военная интервенция 1918—1922: Энциклопедия|date=1983|editor-last=Khromov|editor-first=S.S.|publisher=Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Moscow|pages=416–417|language=ru|trans-title=Orel–Kursk operation 1919}}
  • Axeman of New Orleans – Mike Pepitone was the final victim of the New Orleans ax attacks that started in 1918. His wife found his body in his bedroom just as a large, ax-welding man was fleeing the scene. Unfortunately, his wife was unable to provide a clear description of the killer. No further break-ins and attacks with an ax were reported after that night. The attacks and murders remain unsolved.{{cite book| first=Hélèna| last=Katz| title=Cold Cases: Famous Unsolved Mysteries, Crimes, and Disappearances in America| publisher=ABC-CLIO| location=Santa Barbara, CA| isbn=9780313376924| year=2010| page=61}}
  • A week long memorial for the late U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt culminated on what would have been his 61st birthday. The activities lead to establishing the Theodore Roosevelt Association the following year.{{cite web |title=History of the TRA | url=http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/site/c.elKSIdOWIiJ8H/b.8090957/k.B353/History_of_the_TRA.htm |website=Theodore Roosevelt Association |access-date=7 January 2019}}
  • British composer Edward Elgar premiered Cello Concerto in London, with Felix Salmond performing. The concert famously went ahead with inadequate rehearsal time, because musician Albert Coates was also conducting the rest of the programme.{{cite web | last = Stevenson | first = Joseph | title = Felix Salmond: Biography | publisher = Allmusic | url = {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=q50431/biography|pure_url=yes}} | access-date = 23 June 2007 }}
  • Born:
  • Tim Babcock, American politician, 16th Governor of Montana; in Littlefork, Minnesota, United States (d. 2015){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • James Joseph Magennis, British naval officer, member of Operation Struggle during World War II, recipient of the Victoria Cross; in Belfast, Ireland (present-day Northern Ireland) (d. 1986){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Costin Murgescu, Romanian economist, promoter and eventually skeptic of Marxian economics, one of the players in setting up the Romanian revolution in 1989; as Constantin Ion Murgescu, in Râmnicu Sărat, Kingdom of Romania (present-day Romania) (d. 1989){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 28]], 1919 (Tuesday)

  • The 1919 peace treaty with Germany received royal assent, confirming Australia's membership as a sovereign nation in the new League of Nations, and indicating Australia's independence from the United Kingdom.David Lowe, "Australia in the World", in Joan Beaumont (ed.), Australia's War, 1914–18, Allen & Unwin, 1995, p. 129, 132
  • The United States Congress passed the Volstead Act, over U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Prohibition went into effect on January 16, 1920, under the provisions of the 18th Amendment.David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007), 160
  • Honduras held general elections, with Rafael López Gutiérrez of the Liberal Party of Honduras winning the presidency with 81% of the vote.Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, pp. 407, 414 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}
  • The International Congress of Working Women was formed at a conference led by labor leader Margaret Dreier Robins in Washington, D.C., with over 200 delegates in attendance to discuss international workforce issues for women.Laura Vapnek, "The 1919 International Congress of Working Women: Transnational Debates on the Woman Worker". Journal of Women's History. (2014), pp. 164-171.
  • Australia was entrusted to govern the Pacific island of Nauru.[http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C1919A00008/d4f9b2cc-83bf-480c-822c-d38b2029f14d "Nauru Island Agreement"], Commonwealth of Australia, 28 October 1919.
  • The first radio program was broadcast from the telegraph station at the Petřín lookout tower in Prague on the first anniversary of the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia.[http://www.radio.cz/en/article/49702 Radio Praha: Czech Radio history]
  • British journalist Arthur Ransome left Russia with his future wife Evgenia Petrovna Shelepina (previously Leon Trotsky's secretary) while carrying a diplomatic message for Estonia.Brogan, Hugh. The Life of Arthur Ransome. Jonathan Cape, 1984, pp. 242-248

[[October 29]], 1919 (Wednesday)

[[October 30]], 1919 (Thursday)

  • The 19th Royal Horse Artillery Brigade was disbanded in Cairo.{{cite book | last = Frederick | first = J.B.M. | year = 1984 | title = Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978 | publisher = Microform Academic Publishers | location = Wakefield, Yorkshire | isbn = 1-85117-009-X| page=449}}
  • The churches and parishes of Cristo de Toledo,{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona10 |title=Cristo de Toledo |publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=10 May 2013 }} {{in lang|es}} Nuestra Señora de los Dolores,{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona8 |title=Parroquia Tierra Santa|publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=27 April 2013 }} {{in lang|es}} Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón,{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona6 |title=Iglesia de Punta Carretas |publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=30 March 2013 }} {{in lang|es}} San Miguel Garicoits,{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona1 |title=San Miguel Garicoits |publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=30 March 2013 }} {{in lang|es}} and Santuario Nacional del Corazón de Jesús were established in Montevideo.{{cite web |url=http://www.arquidiocesis.net/index.php?seccion=parroquias#zona9 |title=Iglesia del Cerrito|publisher=Archdiocese of Montevideo |access-date=31 March 2013 }} {{in lang|es}}
  • Born: Hermann Buchner, Austrian air force officer, commander of Jagdgeschwader 7 for the Luftwaffe during World War II, recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross; in Salzburg, First Austrian Republic (present-day Austria) (d. 2005){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Ella Wheeler Wilcox, 68, American poet, known for poetry collections including Poems of Passion (b. 1850){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[October 31]], 1919 (Friday)

References

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1919

*1919-10