OpenHarmony

The first version of OpenHarmony was launched by the OpenAtom Foundation on September 10, 2020, after receiving a donation of the open-source code from Huawei.{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Huawei launches Harmony Mine Operating System |url=https://www.gizchina.com/2021/09/15/huawei-launches-harmony-mine-operating-system/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Gizchina.com |language=en-US}}

In December 2020, the OpenAtom Foundation and Runhe Software officially launched OpenHarmony open source project with seven units including Huawei and Software Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The OpenHarmony 2.0 (Canary version) was launched in June 2021, supporting a variety of smart terminal devices.

Based on its earlier version, OpenAtom Foundation launched OpenHarmony 3.0 on September 30, 2021, and brought substantial improvements over the past version to optimize the operating system, including supports for file security access (the ability to convert files into URIs and resolve URIs to open files) and support for basic capabilities of relational databases and distributed data management.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2021-10-02 |title=OpenHarmony 3.0 launched, check new features details |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openharmony-3-0-launched-check-new-features-details/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}

A release of OpenHarmony supporting devices with up to 4 GB RAM was made available in April 2021.{{Cite web |title=HarmonyOS (HongMeng OS): Everything you need to know |url=https://consumer.huawei.com/ph/community/details/HarmonyOS-HongMeng-OS-Everything-you-need-to-know/topicId-143188/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=consumer.huawei.com |language=en-PH}}

OpenAtom Foundation added a UniProton kernel, a hardware-based Microkernel real-time operating system, into its repo as part of the Kernel subsystem of the OpenHarmony operating system as an add-on on August 10, 2022.{{Cite web |title=开源鸿蒙 OpenHarmony 新增 UniProton 内核，华为正申请商标 - IT之家 |url=https://www.ithome.com/0/634/368.htm |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=www.ithome.com}}

The primary IDE known as DevEco Studio to build OpenHarmony applications with OpenHarmony SDK full development kit that includes a comprehensive set of development tools, including a debugger, tester system via DevEco Testing, a repository with software libraries for software development, an embedded device emulator, previewer, documentation, sample code, and tutorials.

Applications for OpenHarmony are mostly built using components of ArkUI, a Declarative User Interface framework. ArkUI elements are adaptable to various custom open-source hardware and industry hardware devices and include new interface rules with automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates.{{cite web |title=ArkUI |url=https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/develop/arkUI |website=Huawei }}

Hardware development is developed using DevEco Studio via DevEco Device tool for building on OpenHarmony, also creating distros with operating system development with toolchains provided, including verification certification processes for the platform, as well as customising the operating system as an open source variant compared to original closed distro variant HarmonyOS that primarily focus on HarmonyOS Connect partners with Huawei.{{Cite web |title=ASPLOS'24 tutorial |url=https://openharmonyos.org/tutorial/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=openharmonyos.org}}

OpenHarmony Application Binary Interface (ABI) ensures compatibility across various OpenHarmony powered devices with diverse set of chipset instruction set platforms.{{Cite web |title=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |url=https://docs.openharmony.cn/pages/v4.1/en/application-dev/napi/ohos-abi.md |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=docs.openharmony.cn}}

HDC (OpenHarmony Device Connector) is a command-line tool tailored for developers working with OpenHarmony devices. The BM command tool component of HDC tool is used to facilitate debugging by developers. After entering in the HDC shell command, the BM tool can be utilised.{{cite web |title=bm tool command component |url=https://gitee.com/openharmony/bundlemanager_bundle_tool |website=Gitee |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=13 April 2024}}{{cite web |title=HDC-OpenHarmony Device Connector |url=https://github.com/openharmony/developtools_hdc_standard |website=GitHub |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=14 April 2024}}

Like HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony uses App Pack files suffixed with .app, also known as APP files on AppGallery and third party distribution application stores on OpenHarmony-based and non-OpenHarmony operating systems such as Linux-based Unity Operating System which is beneficial for interoperability and compatibility. Each App Pack has one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAP) containing code for their abilities, resources, libraries, and a JSON file with configuration information.{{Cite web |title=Document – Application Fundamentals |url=https://developer.harmonyos.com/en/docs/documentation/doc-guides/basic-fundamentals-0000000000041611 |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=developer.harmonyos.com}}

While incorporating the OpenHarmony layer for running the APP files developed based on HarmonyOS APIs, the operating system utilizes the main Linux kernel for bigger memory devices, as well as the RTOS-based LiteOS kernel for smaller memory-constrained devices, as well as add-ons, custom kernels in distros in the Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) subsystem that is not kernel dependent nor instruction set dependent. For webview applications, it incorporates ArkWeb software engine as of API 11 release at system level for security enhancing Chromium Embedded Framework nweb software engine that facilitated Blink-based Chromium in API 5.{{cite web |last1=Marek |first1=Jaroslaw |title=Oniro: A Versatile, Vendor Neutral Operating System Platform for Smart Devices |url=https://newsroom.eclipse.org/eclipse-newsletter/2024/january/oniro-versatile-vendor-neutral-operating-system-platform-smart |website=Eclipse Foundation |date=29 January 2024 |access-date=11 February 2024}}

Unlike with open-source Android operating system with countless third-party dependency packages repeatedly built into the apps at a disadvantage when it comes to fragmentation. The OpenHarmony central repositories with the Special Interest Group at OpenAtom governance provides commonly used third-party public repositories for developers in the open-source environment which brings greater interoperability and compatibility with OpenHarmony-based operating systems. Apps can leverage many built-in third-party dependencies, such as Chromium, Unity and Unreal Engine. This greatly reduces the system ROM requirements.{{cite web |title=Eclipse Foundation and OpenAtom Foundation Forge a Strategic Initiative Focused on OpenHarmony OS |url=https://newsroom.eclipse.org/news/announcements/eclipse-foundation-and-openatom-foundation-forge-strategic-initiative-focused |website=Eclipse Foundation |date=28 September 2021 |access-date=13 February 2024}}

Harmony Distributed File System (HMDFS) is a distributed file system designed for large-scale data storage and processing that is also used in openEuler. It is inspired by the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The file system suitable for scenarios where large-scale data storage and processing are essential, such as IoT applications, edge computing, and cloud services.{{cite web |title=OpenHarmony Project |url=https://github.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/OpenHarmony-Overview.md |website=GitHub |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=13 March 2024}} On Orange Pi OS (OHOS), the native file system shows LOCAL and shared_disk via OpenHarmony's Distributed File System (HMDFS)

File path/root folder for the file system uses ">" instead of traditional "/" in Unix/Linux/Unix-like and "\" on Windows with its DLL (Dynamic-link library) system.

Access token manager is an essential component in OpenHarmony-based distributed operating systems, responsible for unified app permission management based on access tokens. Access tokens serve as identifiers for apps, containing information such as app ID, user ID, app privilege level (APL), and app permissions. By default, apps can access limited system resources. ATM ensures controlled access to sensitive functionalities which combines both RBAC and CBAC models as a hybrid ACL model.{{cite web |title=Access Control Overview |url=https://github.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/application-dev/security/accesstoken-overview.md |website=GitHub |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=13 March 2024}}

OpenHarmony kernel abstract layer employs the third-party musl libc library and native APIs, providing support for the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) for Linux syscalls within the Linux kernel side and LiteOS kernel that is the inherent part of the original LiteOS design in POSIX API compatibility within multi-kernel Kernel Abstract Layer architecture.{{cite web |title=LiteOS Cortex-A |url=https://github.com/openharmony/kernel_liteos_a |website=GitHub |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=13 March 2024}} Developers and vendors can create components and applications that work on the kernel based on POSIX standards.{{cite web |title=POSIX Support |url=https://github.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/device-dev/kernel/kernel-mini-appx-lib-posix.md |website=GitHub |publisher=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |access-date=13 March 2024}}

OpenHarmony NDK is a toolset that enables developers to incorporate C and C++ code into their applications. Specifically, in the case of OpenHarmony, the NDK serves as a bridge between the native world (C/C++) and the OpenHarmony ecosystem.{{Cite web |title=OpenAtom OpenHarmony |url=https://docs.openharmony.cn/pages/v4.1/en/application-dev/napi/ndk-development-overview.md |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=docs.openharmony.cn}}

This NAPI method is a vital importance of open source community of individual developers, companies and non-profit organisations of stakeholders in manufacturers creating third party libraries for interoperability and compatibility on the operating system native open source and commercial applications development from third-party developers between southbound and northbound interface development of richer APIs, e.g. third party Node.js, Simple DirectMedia Layer, Qt framework, LLVM compiler, FFmpeg etc.{{Cite web |title=OpenHarmony-SIG/qt |url=https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/qt |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Gitee |language=zh-CN}}{{Cite web |title=OpenHarmony/third_party_llvm-project |url=https://gitee.com/openharmony/third_party_llvm-project |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Gitee |language=zh-CN}}

• September 10, 2020 – Initial release of OpenHarmony with support for devices with 128 KB – 128 MB RAM
• April 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for smartphones and other devices with 128 MB – 4 GB RAM
• October 2021 – OpenHarmony release with support for additional devices with 4+ GB RAM.{{Citation needed|reason=linuxreviews is unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}}

OpenHarmony can be deployed on various hardware devices of ARM, RISC-V and x86 architectures with memory volumes ranging from as small as 128 KB up to more than 1 MB. It supports hardware devices with three types of system as follows:{{Cite web |title=en/OpenHarmony-Overview.md · OpenHarmony/docs |url=http://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/OpenHarmony-Overview.md |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Gitee |language=zh-CN}}

• Mini system – running on such devices as connection modules, sensors, and wearables, with memory equal to or larger than 128 KB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-M and 32-bit RISC-V.
• Small system – running on such devices as IP cameras, routers, event data recorders, with memory equal to or larger than 1 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.
• Standard system – running on devices with enhanced interaction, 3D GPU, rich animations and diverse components, with memory equal to or larger than 128 MB and equipped with processors including ARM Cortex-A.

To ensure OpenHarmony-based devices are compatible and interoperable in the ecosystem, the OpenAtom Foundation has set up product compatibility specifications, with a Compatibility Working Group to evaluate and certify the products that are compatible with OpenHarmony.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2022-04-13 |title=OpenHarmony compatibility platform is updated with new capabilities |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openharmony-compatibility-platform-is-updated-with-new-capabilities/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=OpenHarmony Product Compatibility Specification Document Version 3.0 Officially Released |url=https://inf.news/en/tech/1fad00d0ca26bdee122462a10be83099.html}}

The following two types of certifications were published for the partners supporting the compatibility work, with the right to use the OpenHarmony Compatibility Logo on their certified products, packaging, and marketing materials.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2022-03-16 |title=Huawei certified OpenHarmony products to grow device ecosystem |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/huawei-certified-openharmony-products-to-grow-device-ecosystem/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}

1. Development boards, modules, and software distributions
2. Equipment

On April 25, 2022, 44 products have obtained the compatibility certificates, and more than 80 software and hardware products are in the process of evaluation for OpenHarmony compatibility.{{Citation needed|reason=SegmentFault is unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}}

{{See also|HarmonyOS version history}}

Since OpenHarmony was open source in September 2020 to December 2021, more than 1,200 developers and 40 organizations have participated in the open source project and contributed code. At present, OpenHarmony has developed to 4.x version.

OpenHarmony is the most active open source project hosted on the Gitee platform. As of September 2023, it has over 30 open-source software distributions compatible with OpenHarmony for various sectors such as education, finance, smart home, transportation, digital government and other industries.{{Cite web |title=OpenHarmony行业创新展区亮相华为开发者大会2022，生态成果引人瞩目_中华网 |url=https://m.tech.china.com/redian/2022/1107/112022_1172515.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=m.tech.china.com}}{{Cite web |title=华为首提共建"鸿蒙世界"，开源鸿蒙如何聚合生态之力？ |url=https://m.mp.oeeee.com/a/BAAFRD000020221106736496.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=m.mp.oeeee.com}}{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Yash |date=2023-09-22 |title=Huawei will only sell advanced products: Ren Zhengfei |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/huawei-will-only-sell-advanced-products-ren-zhengfei/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}

On 14 September 2021, Huawei announced the launch of commercial proprietary MineHarmony OS, a customized operating system by Huawei based on its in-house HarmonyOS distro based on OpenHarmony for industrial use. MineHarmony is compatible with about 400 types of underground coal mining equipment, providing the equipment with a single interface to transmit and collect data for analysis. Wang Chenglu, President of Huawei's consumer business AI and smart full-scenario business department, indicated that the launch of MineHarmony OS signified that the HarmonyOS ecology had taken a step further from B2C to B2B.{{cite web |last1=Udin |first1=Efe |title=HUAWEI LAUNCHES HARMONY MINE OPERATING SYSTEM |url=https://www.gizchina.com/2021/09/15/huawei-launches-harmony-mine-operating-system/#:~:text=In%20September%202020%2C%20the%20Open%20Atom%20Open%20Source,units%20established%20the%20OpenHarmony%20project%20group%20working%20committee. |website=gizchina |date=15 September 2021 |access-date=September 15, 2021}}{{Cite web |title=Huawei Launches Industrial Operating System for Coal Mines - Caixin Global |url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2021-09-16/huawei-launches-industrial-operating-system-for-coal-mines-101773904.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.caixinglobal.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=MineHarmony OS and Mining IoT |url=https://e.huawei.com/en/solutions/industries/mining/mine-ict-technology-enablement/harmony-os |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Huawei Enterprise |language=en}}

Midea, a Chinese electrical appliance manufacturer launched Midea IoT operating system 1.0. An IoT centric operating system based on OpenHarmony 2.0 officially launched in October 2021. After, the company used HarmonyOS operating system with Huawei partnership for its smart devices compatibility since June 2, 2021 launch of HarmonyOS 2.0.{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=First third party IoT operating system launched based on OpenHarmony |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/first-third-party-iot-operating-system-launched-based-on-openharmony/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=14 October 2021 |access-date=29 February 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Amit |title=Based on OpenHarmony2.0 IoT operating system 1.0 released |url=https://www.huaweiupdate.com/based-on-openharmony2-0-iot-operating-system-1-0-released/ |website=Huawei Update |date=14 October 2021 |access-date=29 February 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Quanlin |first1=Qiu |title=Midea unveils IoT operating system backed by Huawei |url=https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202110/21/WS6170cf63a310cdd39bc704dd.html |website=ChinaDaily.com.cn |access-date=29 February 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Zhen |first1=Wang |title=Midea Is Already Using Huawei's Mobile OS on Its Smart Home Devices |url=https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/midea-is-already-using-huawei-mobile-os-on-its-smart-home-devices |website=YiCai Global |access-date=29 February 2024}}

On January 6, 2022, OpenHarmony in Space (OHIS) by OHIS Working Group and Dalian University of Technology led by Yu Xiaozhou was reported to be a vital play in the future from a scientific and engineering point of view, expecting to open up opportunities for development in China's satellite systems, and surpass SpaceX’s Star Chain plan with the idea of micro-nano satellite technology.{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=Huawei HarmonyOS to be used in space technologies this year: Huge |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/huawei-harmonyos-to-be-used-in-space-technologies-this-year-huge/ |access-date=January 12, 2022 |website=Huawei Central |date=12 January 2022 }}

Based on OpenHarmony, SwanLinkOS was released in June 2022 by Honghu Wanlian (Jiangsu) Technology Development, a subsidiary of iSoftStone, for the transportation industry. The operating system supports mainstream chipsets, such as Rockchip RK3399 and RK3568, and can be applied in transportation and shipping equipment for monitoring road conditions, big data analysis, maritime search and rescue.{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Deng |title=SwanLinkOS based on Huawei HarmonyOS launched |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/swanlinkos-based-on-huawei-harmonyos-launched/ |access-date=June 21, 2022 |website=Huawei Central |date=21 June 2022 }}

It was awarded the OpenHarmony Ecological Product Compatibility Certificate by the OpenAtom Foundation.{{Cite web |title=Ecosystem prosperity ▏iSoftStone receives OpenHarmony Compatibility Certification |url=https://www.isoftstone.com/htmlsen/gongsinews/20220608/fc5a6342f1be46879a70872eab02c208.html|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212031109/https://www.isoftstone.com/htmlsen/gongsinews/20220608/fc5a6342f1be46879a70872eab02c208.html|url-status=dead}}

On November 7, 2022, ArcherMind Cooperation that deals with operating systems, interconnection solutions, smart innovations, and R&D aspects launched the HongZOS system that supports OpenHarmony and HiSilicon chips, solution mainly focuses on AIoT in industrial sectors.{{cite web |last1=Mishra |first1=Yash |title=New ArcherMind HongZOS supports OpenHarmony and HiSilicon chips |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/new-archermind-hongzos-supports-openharmony-and-hisilicon-chips/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=15 March 2024}}

On November 28, 2022, Orange Pi launched the Orange Pi OS based on the open-source OpenHarmony version.{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Deng |date=2022-11-28 |title=Orange Pi OS launched, based on Huawei HarmonyOS |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/orange-pi-os-launched-based-on-huawei-harmonyos/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}} In October 2023, they released the Orange Pi 3B board with the Orange Pi OHOS version for hobbyists and developers based on the OpenHarmony 4.0 Beta1 version.{{Cite web |last=PBX |date=2023-10-25 |title=Orange Pi is developing the customized OS based on Huawei HarmonyOS |url=https://pbxscience.com/orange-pi-is-developing-the-customized-os-based-on-huawei-harmonyos/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=PBX Science |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Horsey |first=Julian |date=2023-09-18 |title=Orange Pi 3B M.2 ARM single board computer hands-on |url=https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/orange-pi-3b-mini-pc/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geeky Gadgets |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=James |date=2022-11-27 |title=Orange Pi OS (OH) system to be launched, based on open source OpenHarmony |url=https://www.techgoing.com/orange-pi-os-oh-system-to-be-launched-based-on-open-source-openharmony/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=TechGoing |language=en-US}}

On December 23, 2022, the integrated software and hardware solution together with the self-developed hardware products of Youbo Terminal runs RobanTrust OS, based on OpenHarmony that was launched as version 1.0 with 3.1.1 compatibility release.{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Deng |title=RobanTrust OS passes OpenHarmony compatibility test |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/robantrust-os-passes-openharmony-compatibility-test/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=15 March 2024}}

On January 14, 2023, Red Flag smart supercharger, first launched on OpenHarmony-based KaihongOS with OpenHarmony 3.1 support that supports the distributed soft bus that allows interconnection with other electronic devices and electrical facilities.{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Deng |title=Red Flag smart supercharger gets OpenHarmony compatibility |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/red-flag-smart-supercharger-gets-openharmony-compatibility/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=14 January 2023 |access-date=15 March 2024}}

On January 17, 2023, an electronic class card with 21.5-inch screen developed by Chinasoft and New Cape Electronics.{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Deng |title=OpenHarmony now supports electronic class card with 21.5-inch screen |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openharmony-now-supports-electronic-class-card-with-21-5-inch-screen/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=17 January 2023 |access-date=15 March 2024}}

On November 17, 2023, Kaihong Technology and Leju Robot collaborated to release the world's first humanoid robot powered by the open-source OpenHarmony distro KaihongOS with Rockchip SoC hardware using RTOS kernel technology for industrial robotic machines with predictable response times in determinism.{{Citation needed|reason=link dead also unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}}

On April 15, 2023, Tongxin Software became OpenAtom's OpenHarmony Ecological Partner.{{Citation needed|reason=iNEWS is content farm also unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}} An intelligent terminal operating system for enterprises in China by Tongxin Software was passed for compatibility certification on June 7, 2023. Tongxin intelligent terminal operating system supports ARM, X86, and other architectures that is supported. Tongxin has established cooperative relations with major domestic mobile chip manufacturers and has completed adaptations using the Linux kernel. Together with the desktop operating system and the server operating system, it constitutes the Tongxin operating system family.{{Citation needed|reason=iNEWS is content farm also unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}}

PolyOS Mobile is an AI IoT open-source operating system tailored for RISC-V intelligent terminal devices by the PolyOS Project based on OpenHarmony, which was released on August 30, 2023, and is available for QEMU virtualisation on Windows 10 and 11 desktop machines.{{Cite web|title=PolyOS Mobile-PolyOS|url=https://polyos.iscas.ac.cn/docs|access-date=24 June 2024}}

LightBeeOS launched on September 28, 2023, is an OpenHarmony-based distro that supports financial level security, with distribution bus by Shenzhen Zhengtong Company used for industrial public banking solutions of systems, tested on ATM machines with UnionPay in Chinese domestic market. The operating system has been launched with OpenHarmony 3.2 support and up.{{cite web |title=A Variety Of Industry Terminals Of SZZT Passed The Compatibility Assessment Of Version 3.2 And Demonstrated The Innovative New Applications Of OpenHarmony Industry |url=https://www.szztelectronics.com/news/a-variety-of-industry-terminals-of-szzt-passed-71430116.html |website=SZZT |access-date=15 March 2024}}

{{Infobox OS

| name = Oniro

| logo =

| logo size =

| logo caption =

| logo alt =

| screenshot =

| screenshot_size =

| caption =

| screenshot_alt =

| collapsible =

| version of =

| developer = Various (Eclipse Foundation, Huawei, Linaro and others)

| family = OpenHarmony

| working state = Current

| source model = Open source, Free software

| released = {{Start date and age|2021|10|26}}

| discontinued =

| RTM date =

| GA date =

| latest release version = 4.1{{cite web |title=OpenHarmony Downstream / Upstream relationship |url=https://docs.oniroproject.org/upstream.html |website=Oniro_Project |publisher=Eclipse Foundation |access-date=29 September 2024}}

| latest release date = June 21, 2024

| latest preview version =

| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}

| repo = {{URL|https://github.com/eclipse-oniro4openharmony}}

| marketing target = Consumer Electronics, Home Appliances, Industrial IoT devices, Smart Home, and Multimedia.

| programmed in = ArkTS, Rust, JS, C, C++, Assembly language and others

| language =

| language count =

| language footnote =

| update model = Over-the-air

| package manager = .app, OpenHarmony Package Manager (ohpm)

| supported platforms = ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64, LoongArch, LinxiISA {{cite web |title=OpenHarmony 3.0 successfully adapted Loongson 1C300B chip |url=https://www.huaweiupdate.com/openharmony-3-0-successfully-adapted-loongson-1c300b-chip/ |website=Huawei Update |date=15 December 2021 |access-date=December 15, 2021}}

| kernel type = Multi-kernel (Kernel subsystem) with Linux kernel, RTOS Zephyr kernel, FreeRTOS and LiteOS [LiteOS-A (OpenHarmony Lightweight Kernel) & LiteOS-M], add-ons{{Cite web|title=Application Fundamentals|url=https://www.openatom.org/project/6b63d5e12c184ba08d9487bbca470304|access-date=2023-08-06|language=en}} and add-ons

| userland = System Service Layer{{Citation needed|reason=unreliable source so should not be cited|date=June 2024}}

| influenced by = Webinos, Openmoko Linux, Linux, freeBSD, BSD, Unix-like, HarmonyOS, openEuler

| ui = Harmony Design for OpenHarmony-Oniro modified (Design System) (multi-touch, GUI and other custom inputs)

| license = Eclipse Public License, Apache License

| preceded by =

| succeeded by =

| website = {{URL|https://oniroproject.org/}}

| support status = Supported

| other articles =

}}

On September 28, 2021, the Eclipse Foundation and the OpenAtom Foundation announced their intention to form a partnership to collaborate on OpenHarmony European distro which is a global family of operating systems under it and a family of the OpenHarmony operating system. Like OpenHarmony, it is one OS kit for all paradigm, enables a collection of free software, which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems via Kernel Abstraction Layer subsystems on Oniro OS distros.{{Cite press release |last=Canada |first=Eclipse Foundation |date=2021-09-28 |title=Eclipse Foundation and OpenAtom Foundation Forge a Strategic Initiative Focused on OpenHarmony OS |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/09/28/2304111/0/en/Eclipse-Foundation-and-OpenAtom-Foundation-Forge-a-Strategic-Initiative-Focused-on-OpenHarmony-OS.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en}}

Oniro OS or simply Oniro, also known as Eclipse Oniro Core Platform, is a distributed operating system for AIoT embedded systems launched on October 26, 2021, as Oniro OS 1.0, which is implemented to be compatible with HarmonyOS based on OpenHarmony L0-L2 branch source code, was later launched by the Eclipse Foundation for the global market with the founding members including Huawei, Linaro and Seco among others joined later on. Oniro is designed on the basis of open source and aims to be transparent, vendor-neutral, and independent system in the era of IoT with globalisation and localisation strategies resolving a fragmentated IoT and Embedded devices market.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2021-11-04 |title=Oniro OS: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/oniro-os-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Maria Teresa |date=2022-01-12 |title=Eclipse Oniro Core Platform |url=https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/oniro.oniro-core |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=projects.eclipse.org |language=en}}

The operating system featured a Yocto system of Linux kernel for developments of OpenEmbedded build system with BitBake and Poky which is now part of Oniro blueprints that aims to be platform agnostic, however it is now aligned with OpenAtom development of OpenHarmony.{{Cite web |last=Aufranc (CNXSoft) |first=Jean-Luc |date=2022-01-28 |title=The Eclipse Oniro Project aims to deliver consumer & IoT software that works across multiple platforms - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2022/01/28/eclipse-oniro-project-consumer-iot-software-works-across-multiple-operating-systems/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}} The goal is to increase the distro with partners that create their own OpenHarmony-Oniro compatible distros that increase interoperability which reduces fragmentation of diverse platforms with diverse set of hardwares with enhancements from derived project back to original project in Upstream development of OpenHarmony source code branch to improve global industrial standards compatibilities customised for global markets. It is also used for Downstream development for enhancing OpenHarmony base in global and western markets for compatibility and interoperability with connected IoT systems as well as custom third-party support on-device AI features on custom frameworks such as Tensorflow, CUDA and others, alongside native Huawei MindSpore solutions across the entire OpenHarmony ecosystem. Oniro platform which is both compatible with OpenHarmony systems in China and Huawei's own HarmonyOS platform globally, including western markets in connectivity and apps.{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=Oniro OS: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/oniro-os-everything-you-need-to-know/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=4 November 2021 |access-date=20 January 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Marek |first1=Jaroslaw |title=Oniro: A Versatile, Vendor Neutral Operating System Platform for Smart Devices |url=https://newsroom.eclipse.org/eclipse-newsletter/2024/january/oniro-versatile-vendor-neutral-operating-system-platform-smart |website=Eclipse Foundation |date=29 January 2024 |access-date=29 February 2024}}

Rust in a framework alongside the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) IP Pipeline and profiling, React Native and Kanto in Applications development system on top of OpenHarmony, Servo and Linaro tools in system services, Matter opеn-sourcе, royalty-frее connеctivity standard that aims to unify smart homе dеvicеs and incrеasе thеir compatibility with various platforms and OSGi in driver subsystem, IoTex in swappable kernel development, and Eclipse Theia in integrated development environment to build Oniro OS apps that has interoperability with OpenHarmony based operating systems. Data can be transmitted directly rather than being shared via cloud online, enabling low latency architectures in more secure methods and privacy functions suitable for AIoT and smart home devices integration.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2021-11-04 |title=Oniro OS: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/oniro-os-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2023-11-23 |title=OpenAtom and Eclipse Foundation signs cooperation for Oniro software |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openatom-and-eclipse-foundation-signs-cooperation-for-oniro-software/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}

In September 2023, Open Mobile Hub (OMH) led by Linux Foundation was formed, as an open-source platform ecosystem that aims to simplify and enhance the development of mobile applications for various platforms, including iOS, Android, and OpenHarmony based global Oniro OS alongside, HarmonyOS (NEXT) with greater cross platform and open interoperability in mobile with OMH plugins such as Google APIs, Google Drive, OpenStreetMap alongside Bing Maps, Mapbox, Microsoft, Facebook, Dropbox, LinkedIn, X and more. Open Mobile Hub platform aims to provide a set of tools and resources to streamline the mobile app development process.{{Cite web |title=OMH Benefits |url=https://www.openmobilehub.com/benefits/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.openmobilehub.com |language=en}}

The Oniro project is focused on being a horizontal platform for application processors and microcontrollers.{{Cite web |last=Aufranc (CNXSoft) |first=Jean-Luc |date=2022-01-28 |title=The Eclipse Oniro Project aims to deliver consumer & IoT software that works across multiple platforms - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2022/01/28/eclipse-oniro-project-consumer-iot-software-works-across-multiple-operating-systems/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}} it is an embedded OS, using the Yocto build system, with a choice of either the Linux kernel, Zephyr, or FreeRTOS. It includes an IP toolchain, maintenance, OTA, and OpenHarmony. It provides example combinations of components for various use cases, called "Blueprints". Oniro OS 2.0 was released in 2022 and Oniro OS 3.0 based on OpenHarmony 3.2 LTS in October 2023, alongside latest 4.0 version as of December 6, 2023 on the main branch.{{cite web |last1=Schmidt |first1=Stefan |title=OpenHarmony Downstream / Upstream relationship |url=https://github.com/eclipse-oniro4openharmony/eclipse-oniro4openharmony.github.io/blob/main/upstream.md |website=GitHub |publisher=Eclipse Foundation |access-date=25 February 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Schmidt |first1=Stefan |title=Update default branch for manifest repo #5 |url=https://github.com/eclipse-oniro4openharmony/.eclipsefdn/pull/5 |website=GitHub |publisher=Eclipse Foundation |access-date=25 February 2024}}{{cite web |title=Bringing Graphical Applications to Oniro on the Example of React Native |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JwetgKCsrI&t=329s |website=YouTube | date=8 November 2023 |publisher=Eclipse Foundation |access-date=5 March 2024}}

{{See also|HarmonyOS NEXT| HarmonyOS}}

File:HarmonyOS NEXT Architecture.jpg

Huawei officially announced the commercial distro of proprietary HarmonyOS NEXT, microkernel-based core distributed operating system for HarmonyOS at Huawei Developer Conference 2023 (HDC) on August 4, 2023, which supports only native APP apps via Ark Compiler with Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) Core support. Proprietary system built on OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS NEXT has the HarmonyOS microkernel at its core and it has no apk compatibility support built exclusively for Huawei devices ecosystem.{{Cite web |last=Cañete |first=Patrick |date=2023-08-10 |title=HarmonyOS NEXT is a standalone HUAWEI OS without Android apps |url=https://www.noypigeeks.com/tech-news/harmonyos-next-without-android-apps/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=NoypiGeeks |language=en-US}}

With its customized architecture, HarmonyOS NEXT moves beyond OpenHarmony to support a broader range of applications and device ecosystems. It integrates a dual-frame design, optimizing compatibility with EMUI userland. The system is tailored for various hardware categories, including smartphones, tablets, cars, TVs, wearables, and IoT devices, utilizing either a Linux-based kernel or the lightweight LiteOS kernel for specific applications. On the same day at HDC 2023, the developer preview version of HarmonyOS NEXT was opened for cooperating enterprise developers to build and test native mobile apps. It will be open to all developers in the first quarter of 2024 according to the official announcement.{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=Here's why Huawei HarmonyOS still supports Android applications |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/heres-why-huawei-harmonyos-still-supports-android-applications/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=5 June 2021 |access-date=10 March 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Amit |title=HarmonyOS source code size is just 8GB, AOSP (Android) exceeds 60GB |url=https://www.huaweiupdate.com/harmonyos-source-code-size-is-just-8gb-aosp-android-exceeds-60gb/ |website=Huawei Update |date=22 May 2021 |access-date=10 March 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=300 million devices will be powered HarmonyOS operating system in 2021, reiterates Huawei |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/300-million-devices-will-be-powered-harmonyos-operating-system-in-2021-reiterates-huawei/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=17 May 2021 |access-date=10 March 2024}}

On 18 January 2024, Huawei announced HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy stable rollout will begin in Q4 2024 based on OpenHarmony 5.0 (API 12) version after OpenHarmony 4.1 (API 11) based Q2 Developer Beta after release of public developer access of HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 that has been in the hands of closed cooperative developers partners since August 2023 debut. The new system of HarmonyOS 5 version will replace previous HarmonyOS 4.2 system for commercial Huawei consumer devices that can only run native HarmonyOS apps built for HarmonyOS and OpenHarmony, as well as localisation using Oniro OS for downstream development at global level customised to global markets and standards enhancing OpenHarmony development.{{cite web |last1=Matsui |first1=Emiko |title=HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy stable rollout will begin in Q4 2024 |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/harmonyos-next-galaxy-stable-rollout-will-begin-in-q4-2024/ |website=HC Newsroom |date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 January 2024}}

On June 21, 2024, Huawei announced via HDC 2024 conference and released Developer Beta milestone of HarmonyOS NEXT based on OpenHarmony 5.0 beta1 version for registered public developers with HMS Core library embedded in native NEXT-specific API Developer Kit alongside supported compatible OpenHarmony APIs for native OpenHarmony-based HarmonyOS apps. The company officially confirmed the operating system is OpenHarmony compatible with the new boot image system.{{Cite web |last=Victor |title=Huawei's HarmonyOS NEXT Beta launches officially |url=https://www.gsmarena.com/huaweis_harmonyos_next_beta_launches_officially-news-63397.php |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=GSMArena.com |language=en-US}}

On October 22, 2024, Huawei launched HarmonyOS 5.0.0 at its launch event, upgrading the HarmonyOS Next developer internal and public software versions, completing the transitioning and replacing dual-framework of previous mainline HarmonyOS versions with full OpenHarmony base with custom HarmonyOS kernel on the original L0-L2 codebase branch, marking officially as an independent commercial operating system and ecosystem from Android fork dependencies with 15,000+ native apps launched on the platform. As a result, OpenHarmony-based systems, including Oniro-based systems are aimed to be compatible with HarmonyOS native HAP apps, NearLink wireless connectivity stack and cross-device with upgraded DSoftBus connectivity.{{Cite web |last=Michail |title=Huawei announces HarmonyOS Next - the new version of its Android rival |url=https://www.gsmarena.com/huawei_announces_harmonyos_next__its_selfdeveloped_os_rival_to_android-news-65026.php |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=GSMArena.com |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |author=Benjamin |date=2024-10-14 |title=Open source HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony goes global! Cooperating with the largest open source organization in Europe |url=https://harmonyoshub.com/open-source-harmonyos-openharmony-goes-global-cooperating-with-the-largest-open-source-organization-in-europe/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=HarmonyOSHub |language=en-GB}}

{{See also|EulerOS}}

In terms of architecture, OpenHarmony alongside HarmonyOS has close relationship with server-based multi-kernel operating system OpenEuler, which is a community edition of EulerOS, as they have implemented the sharing of kernel technology as revealed by Deng Taihua, President of Huawei's Computing Product Line.{{Cite web |title=华为公布欧拉系统细节：已与鸿蒙内核共享 |url=https://news.mydrivers.com/1/794/794917.htm |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=快科技}} The sharing is reportedly to be strengthened in the future in the areas of the distributed software bus, app framework, system security, device driver framework and new programming language on the server side.{{cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Amy |title=HarmonyOS and OpenEuler has shared operating system kernel: Huawei |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/harmonyos-and-openeuler-has-shared-operating-system-kernel-huawei/ |website=Huawei Central |date=9 November 2021 |access-date=November 9, 2021}}

Harmony Distributed File System (HMDFS) is a distributed file system designed for large-scale data storage and processing that is also used in openEuler server operating system.

• Hi3861 based HiSpark WiFi IoT development board released in October 2020 with OpenHarmony support alongside LiteOS.{{Cite web |last=Aufranc (CNXSoft) |first=Jean-Luc |date=2020-10-12 |title=Hi3861 based HiSpark WiFi IoT development board supports LiteOS and HarmonyOS - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2020/10/12/hi3861-based-hispark-wifi-iot-development-board-supports-liteos-and-harmonyos/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}}
• Raspberry Pi ported to OpenHarmony 3.0 in November 2021{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Deng |date=2021-11-26 |title=Here's the Raspberry Pi running open source HarmonyOS 3.0 |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/heres-the-raspberry-pi-running-open-source-harmonyos-3-0/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• Zilong development board with MIPS ARCH and 1c300B chip December 2021 powered by OpenHarmony 3.0.{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Amy |date=2021-12-16 |title=OpenHarmony 3.0 operating system adapted to Loongson 1C300B chip |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openharmony-3-0-operating-system-adapted-to-loongson-1c300b-chip/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• HiHope HH-SCDAYU200 released in May 2022 by HopeRun Software using Runhe Software, HiHope OS based on OpenHarmony with Rockchip's RK3568 processor. Also ported to OpenHarmony-based Oniro OS.{{Cite web |title=Bosch Sensortec and HopeRun Software join forces |url=https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/news/bosch-sensortec-and-hoperun-software-join-forces.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Bosch Sensortec |language=en}}
• HopeRun's HiHope development board with HiSilicon Hi3861V100 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller that is compatible with OpenHarmony launched in September 2022.{{Cite web |last=Aufranc (CNXSoft) |first=Jean-Luc |date=2022-09-19 |title=OpenHarmony development board borrows BBC Micro:bit edge connector - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2022/09/19/openharmony-development-board-borrows-bbc-microbit-edge-connector/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}}
• Niobe U4 development board kit by Kaihong Zhigu, in October 2022.{{Cite web |title=Low-cost ESP32 solution to support OpenHarmony system development (with 10+ sample project demos) – HIGH-END FPGA Distributor |url=https://ebics.net/low-cost-esp32-solution-to-support-openharmony-system-development-with-10-sample-project-demos/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |language=en-US}}
• Shenzhen Kaihong KHDVK-3566B smart screen development board running OpenHarmony-based KaihongOS embedded operating system in October 2022{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Deng |date=2022-10-03 |title=2 new chipboards launched for Huawei OpenHarmony |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/2-new-chipboards-launched-for-huawei-openharmony/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• Xianji Semiconductor Technology HPM6700 processor development November 2022 built for OpenHarmony{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Yash |date=2022-11-11 |title=New HPM6700 processor uses OpenHarmony |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/new-hpm6700-processor-uses-openharmony/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• ChinaSoft development board released December 2022.{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Deng |date=2022-12-19 |title=ChinaSoft development board gets HarmonyOS compatibility certification |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/chinasoft-development-board-gets-harmonyos/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• Unionpi Lion board based on an SV823 chip launched in February 2023. It includes a self-developed NPU and is capable of high-quality image processing, encoding, and decoding running OpenHarmony.{{Cite web |last=Matsui |first=Emiko |date=2023-02-15 |title=Unionpi Lion board gets OpenHarmony certificate |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/unionpi-lion-board-gets-openharmony-certificate/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• HH-SCDAYU210 board launched in May 2023, powered by OpenHarmony with RockChip RK3588.{{Cite web |last=Matsui |first=Emiko |date=2023-04-22 |title=OpenHarmony HH-SCDAYU210 board with RK3588 chipset announced |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/openharmony-hh-scdayu210-board-rk3588/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• Shenzhen Qianhai New Silk Road Technology Co., Ltd releases a Developer Phone powered by OpenHarmony in October 2023.{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Deng |date=2023-10-11 |title=First ever open-source HarmonyOS phone launched with UNISOC P7885 5G chip |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/first-ever-open-source-harmonyos-phone-launched-with-unisoc-p7885-5g-chip/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• Raspberry Pi 4B development board comes with OpenHarmony port in February 2024.{{Cite web |last=Matsui |first=Emiko |date=2024-02-08 |title=Raspberry Pi 4B development board obtains OpenHarmony compatibility certificate |url=https://www.huaweicentral.com/raspberry-pi-4b-development-board-obtains-openharmony-compatibility-certificate/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Huawei Central |language=en-US}}
• MILOS_Standard0 with NXP i.MX8M Mini powered by OpenHarmony.
• Yangfan development board
• Huawei's HiSilicon, Hispark_Taurus
• BearPi-HM MicroB
• Multi-modal V200Z-R
• Langguo LANGO200
• Goodix GR5515-STARTER-KIT
• Niobe407
• B91 Generic Starter Kit
• cst85_wblink
• Neptune100 released in May 2022.
• RK2206{{Cite web |title=openharmony-docs/en/device-dev/dev-board-on-the-master.md at master · Tagorewu/openharmony-docs |url=https://github.com/Tagorewu/openharmony-docs/blob/master/en/device-dev/dev-board-on-the-master.md |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=GitHub |language=en}}
• Purple Pi OH alongside Purple Pi OH Pro, Rockchip RK3566 chip powered by OpenHarmony in March 2024.{{Cite web |last=Teeravech |first=Kumpee |date=2024-03-20 |title=Review of Purple Pi OH - A Rockchip RK3566 SBC tested in 2GB/16GB and 4GB/32GB configurations - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2024/03/20/review-purple-pi-oh-2gb-16gb-purple-pi-oh-pro-4gb-32gb-wireless-tag/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}}

• HarmonyOS NEXT
• EulerOS

{{Reflist}}

• {{official website|https://www.openharmony.cn/}}

{{Huawei|phones=yes|tablets=yes|laptops=yes|wearables=yes|cpu=yes|os=yes|services=yes|people=yes|other=yes|below=yes}}

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