Outline of Peru
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to Peru}}
{{See also|Index of Peru-related articles}}
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:
Peru – country located in western South America, on the Pacific Coast, north of Chile. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
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General reference
- Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|r|uː
| audio = en-us-Peru.ogg
}}
- Common English country name: Peru
- Official English country name: The Republic of Peru
- Common endonym(s): Perú, Piruw
- Official endonym(s): República del Perú, Piruw Hapan llaqta, Piruw Suyu
- Adjectival(s): Peruvian
- Demonym(s): Peruvians
- Etymology: Name of Peru
- International rankings of Peru
- ISO country codes: PE, PER, 604
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PE
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pe
Geography of Peru
- Peru is: a megadiverse country
- Location:
- Southern Hemisphere
- Western Hemisphere
- Americas
- Latin America
- South America
- Time in Peru
- Time zone: UTC-05
- Extreme points of Peru
- High: Huascarán {{convert|6768|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} – highest point in the Tropics
- Low: South Pacific Ocean 0 m
- Land boundaries: 7,461 km
::{{Flag|Brazil}} 2,995 km
::{{Flag|Colombia}} 1,800 km
::{{Flag|Ecuador}} 1,420 km
::{{Flag|Bolivia}} 1,075 km
::{{Flag|Chile}} 171 km
:* Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 2,414 km
- Population of Peru: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - 43rd most populous country
- Area of Peru: {{convert|1285220|km2|abbr=on}} - 20th largest country
- Atlas of Peru
= Environment of Peru =
== Natural geographic features of Peru ==
= Regions of Peru =
== Administrative divisions of Peru ==
=== Regions of Peru ===
Peru is divided into 25 regions and the province of Lima.
{{Imageframe|width=450|content= {{Peru Labelled Area Map}} |caption=Clickable map of the regions of Peru.|link=Image:Perú Mapa Divisiones Administrativas (Sin etiquetas) ImgID1.png|align=right}}
| * Amazonas
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=== Provinces of Peru ===
=== Districts of Peru ===
=== Municipalities of Peru ===
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Cities of Peru
= Demography of Peru =
= Neighbours of Peru =
Government and politics of Peru
- Politics of Peru
- Form of government: unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Census in Peru
- Communism in Peru
- Decentralization process in Peru
- Elections in Peru
- Peruvian electoral system
- Voting in Peru is compulsory (until the age of 70)
- Peruvian presidential elections: 1895 - 1899 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian parliamentary elections: 1978 - 1992 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Liberalism in Peru
- Political parties in Peru
- Taxation in Peru
= Branches of the government of Peru =
== Executive branch of the government of Peru ==
- Head of state and head of government: President of Peru, Dina Boluarte
- Vice Presidents of Peru: none
- Cabinet: Council of Ministers of Peru
- Ministries of Peru
- Prime Minister of Peru, Alberto Otárola
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Ministry of Culture
- Ministry of Defence
- Ministry of Economy and Finance
- Ministry of Education
- Ministry of Energy and Mines
- Ministry of Environment
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism
- Ministry of Health
- Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation
- Ministry of the Interior
- Ministry of Justice
- Ministry of Labour and Promotion of Employment
- Ministry of Production
- Ministry of Transport and Communications
- Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations
== Legislative branch of the government of Peru ==
== Judicial branch of the government of Peru ==
- Judicial system of Peru
- Constitutional Court of Peru - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights
- Supreme Court of Peru - located in the Palace of Justice
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Courts of Peace of Peru each have jurisdiction over a single district
= Foreign relations of Peru =
== International organization membership ==
The Republic of Peru is a member of:{{cite web|date=July 13, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/|title=Peru|work=The World Factbook|publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=July 23, 2009}}
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- Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
- Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- Group of 15 (G15)
- Group of 24 (G24)
- Group of 77 (G77)
- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- International Criminal Court (ICCt)
- International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
- International Development Association (IDA)
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
- International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
- International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
- International Labour Organization (ILO)
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- International Organization for Migration (IOM)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
- International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
- Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
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- Latin American Economic System (LAES)
- Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
- Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
- Rio Group (RG)
- Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) (associate)
- Unión Latina
- Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
- United Nations (UN)
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
- United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
- United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
- United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
- United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
- Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- World Confederation of Labour (WCL)
- World Customs Organization (WCO)
- World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
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= Law and order in Peru =
= Military of Peru =
= Local government in Peru =
History of Peru
{{main|History of Peru|Timeline of the history of Peru}}
= By period =
= By subject =
= By type of event =
Culture of Peru
- Architecture of Peru
- Inca architecture
- Peruvian colonial architecture
- Peruvian Viceroyal architecture
- Cuisine of Peru
- Festivals in Peru
- Languages of Peru
- Media in Peru
- Metrication in Peru
- National symbols of Peru
- Coat of arms of Peru
- Flag of Peru
- National anthem of Peru
- Cockade of Peru (unofficial national symbol)
- People of Peru
- Indigenous peoples in Peru
- Prostitution in Peru
- Public holidays in Peru
- Records of Peru
- Scouting and Guiding in Peru
- Television in Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
= Art in Peru =
= Religion in Peru =
= Sports in Peru =
Economy and infrastructure of Peru
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 54th (fifty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Peru
- Banking in Peru
- National Bank of Peru
- Central Reserve Bank of Peru
- Communications in Peru
- Internet in Peru
- Media in Peru
- Newspapers in Peru
- List of postal codes in Peru
- Telephone numbers in Peru
- Companies of Peru
- Currency of Peru: Sol
- ISO 4217: PEN
- Economic history of Peru
- Energy in Peru
- Electric power in Peru
- Energy policy of Peru
- Oil industry in Peru
- Health care in Peru
- HIV/AIDS in Peru
- Hospitals in Peru
- Mining in Peru
- Peru Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Peru
- Transport in Peru
- Airports in Peru
- Rail transport in Peru
- Roads in Peru
- Highways in Peru
- Water resources management in Peru
- Irrigation in Peru
- Water supply and sanitation in Peru
Education in Peru
See also
References
{{Reflist|1}}
External links
{{Wikiatlas|Peru}}
; Government
- {{in lang|es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Web portal] of the Peruvian Government
- {{in lang|es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/gobierno/list_instituciones_alfabetico.asp Directory] of Peruvian Government websites
; General reference
- BBC country profile of [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Peru]
- [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/ Peru]. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru]
- [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ Peru web directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015034906/http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ |date=2008-10-15 }}
; Other
- {{Wikivoyage inline|Peru}}
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