Outline of life forms
{{Short description|Overview of and topical guide to life forms}}
{{redirect|Lifeform}}
{{Life timeline}}
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life forms:
A life form (also spelled life-form or lifeform) is an entity that is living,{{cite web |title=life form |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/life+form |publisher=Dictionary.com |work=World English Dictionary |date=2009}}{{cite web |title=life form |url=http://dws-sketch.uk.oup.com/cgi-bin/onlineOde/print_entry.cgi?id=L002092044&match_point=2&lemma=&right_column_mode=synonyms&caption_style=long&search_type=simple |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110811050341/http://dws-sketch.uk.oup.com/cgi-bin/onlineOde/print_entry.cgi?id=L002092044&match_point=2&lemma=&right_column_mode=synonyms&caption_style=long&search_type=simple |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-11 |publisher=Oxford University Press |work=Online Oxford Dictionary of English |date=2005}} such as plants (flora), animals (fauna), and fungi (funga). It is estimated that more than 99% of all species that ever existed on Earth, amounting to over five billion species,{{cite book |editor1=Kunin, W.E. |editor2=Gaston, Kevin |title=The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|date=31 December 1996 |isbn=978-0412633805 |access-date=26 May 2015}} are extinct.{{cite book |last1=Stearns |first1=Beverly Peterson |last2=Stearns |first2=S. C. |last3=Stearns |first3=Stephen C. |title=Watching, from the Edge of Extinction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&q=99+percent |year=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-08469-6|page=preface x |access-date=30 May 2017}}{{cite news |last=Novacek |first=Michael J. |title=Prehistory's Brilliant Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html |date=8 November 2014 |work=New York Times |access-date=2014-12-25}}
Earth is the only celestial body known to harbor life forms. No form of extraterrestrial life has yet been discovered.{{cite web |url= https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/search-for-life/can-we-find-life/|title= Are we alone in the universe?|author= |date= March 1, 2022|publisher= NASA|accessdate=July 12, 2022}}
Archaea
- Archaea – a domain of single-celled microorganisms, morphologically similar to bacteria, but they possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. Many archaea are extremophiles, which means living in harsh environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes, but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats.
- Thermoproteota – a phylum of the Archaea kingdom. Initially
- Thermoprotei
- Sulfolobales – grow in terrestrial volcanic hot springs with optimum growth occurring
- Euryarchaeota – In the taxonomy of microorganisms
- Haloarchaea
- Halobacteriales – in taxonomy, the Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
- Methanobacteria
- Methanobacteriales – information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues.
- Methanococci
- Methanococcales aka Methanocaldococcus jannaschii – thermophilic methanogenic archaea, meaning that it thrives at high temperatures and produces methane
- Methanomicrobia
- Methanosarcinales – In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinales are an order of the Methanomicrobia
- Methanopyri
- Methanopyrales – In taxonomy, the Methanopyrales are an order of the methanopyri.
- Thermococci
- Thermococcales
- Thermoplasmata
- Thermoplasmatales – An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom
- Halophiles – organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations
- Korarchaeota
- Korarchaeum cryptofilum – These archaea have only been found in high temperature hydrothermal environments, particularly hot springs
- Lokiarchaeota
- Methanogens
- Nanoarchaeota
- Nanoarchaeum equitans – This organism was discovered in 2002 and lives inside another archaea.
- Psychrophiles – (sigh-crow-files)
- Nitrososphaerota – a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum
- thermophilic – (a thermophile is an organism)
Bacteria
- Bacteria
- Gram positive no outer membrane
- Actinomycetota (high-G+C)
- Bacillota (low-G+C)
- Mycoplasmatota (no wall)
- Gram negative outer membrane present
- Aquificota
- Deinococcota
- Fibrobacterota/Chlorobiota/Bacteroidota (FCB group)
- Frateuria aurantia (a species of Proteobacteria)
- Fusobacteriota
- Gemmatimonadota
- Nitrospirota
- Planctomycetota/Verrucomicrobiota/Chlamydiota (PVC group)
- Pseudomonadota/Myxococcota/Bdellovibrionota/Campylobacterota
- Spirochaetota
- Synergistota
- Unknown / ungrouped
- Acidobacteriota
- Chloroflexota
- Chrysiogenota
- Cyanobacteria
- Deferribacterota
- Dictyoglomota
- Thermodesulfobacteriota
- Thermotogota
Eukaryote
- Eukaryote – organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes.
- Unikonta
- Opisthokonta
- Animal – multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Porifera
- Placozoa
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Radiata (unranked)
- Ctenophora
- Cnidaria
- Bilateria (unranked)
- Orthonectida
- Rhombozoa
- Acoelomorpha
- Chaetognatha
- Superphylum Deuterostomia
- Chordata
- Hemichordata
- Echinodermata
- Xenoturbellida
- Vetulicolia †
- Protostomia (unranked)
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Kinorhyncha
- Loricifera
- Priapulida
- Nematoda
- Nematomorpha
- Lobopodia
- Onychophora
- Tardigrada
- Arthropoda
- Superphylum Platyzoa
- Platyhelminthes
- Gastrotricha
- Rotifera
- Acanthocephala
- Gnathostomulida
- Micrognathozoa
- Cycliophora
- Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
- Sipuncula
- Hyolitha †
- Nemertea
- Phoronida
- Bryozoa
- Entoprocta
- Brachiopoda
- Mollusca
- Annelida
- Echiura
- Mesomycetozoa
- Fungi – any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms.
- Blastocladiomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- Glomeromycota
- Microsporidia
- Neocallimastigomycota
- Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota)
- Ascomycota
- Pezizomycotina
- Saccharomycotina
- Taphrinomycotina
- Basidiomycota
- Agaricomycotina
- Pucciniomycotina
- Ustilaginomycotina
- Subphyla incertae sedis
- Entomophthoromycotina
- Kickxellomycotina
- Mucoromycotina
- Zoopagomycotina
- Amoebozoa
- Conosa
- Mycetozoa (slime-molds)
- Archamoebae
- Lobosa
- Protamoebae
- Bikonta
- Apusozoa
- Excavata
- Archaeplastida (plants, broadly defined)
- Glaucophyta – glaucophytes
- Rhodophyceae – red algae
- Chloroplastida
- Chlorophyta – green algae (part)
- Ulvophyceae
- Trebouxiophyceae
- Chlorophyceae
- Chlorodendrales – green algae (part)
- Prasinophytae – green algae (part)
- Mesostigma
- Charophyta sensu lato – green algae (part) and land plants
- Streptophytina – stoneworts and land plants
- Charales – stoneworts
- Plantae – land plants (embryophytes)
- SAR supergroup
- Alveolata
- Heterokonta
- Rhizaria
See also
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- Outline of biology
- Earliest known life forms
- Extraterrestrial life
- Hypothetical types of biochemistry
- Life
- Marine life
- Organism
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References
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External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20051222163318/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/1.htm Life] (Systema Naturae 2000)
- [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14772 Vitae] (BioLib)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20140715055239/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=1&src=0 Biota] (Taxonomicon)
- Wikispecies – a free directory of life
- [http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/MicrobeWiki MicrobeWiki], extensive wiki about [http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Microbial_Biorealm bacteria] and [http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Viral_Biorealm viruses]
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