Sulfotransferase

{{short description|Class of enzymes which transfer a sulfo group (–SO3) between molecules}}

{{enzyme

| Name = Sulfotransferase

| EC_number = 2.8.2.-

| image = Sulfotransferase SULT1A3.png

| width =

| caption = Crystal Structure of Human Sulfotransferase SULT1A3 in Complex with Dopamine and 3-Phosphoadenosine 5-Phosphate

}}

In biochemistry, sulfotransferases (SULTs) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group ({{chem2|R\sSO3-}}) from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol ({{chem2|R\sOH}}) or amine ({{chem2|R\sNH2}}).{{Cite journal|author=Negishi M |title=Structure and function of sulfotransferases |journal=Arch. Biochem. Biophys. |volume=390 |issue=2 |pages=149–57 |year=2001 |pmid=11396917 |doi=10.1006/abbi.2001.2368|name-list-style=vanc|author2=Pedersen LG|author3=Petrotchenko E|display-authors=3|last4=Shevtsov|first4=S|last5=Gorokhov|first5=A|last6=Kakuta|first6=Y|last7=Pedersen|first7=LC|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1229406 }} The most common sulfo group donor is 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In the case of alcohol as acceptor, the product is a sulfate ({{chem2|R\sOSO3-}}):

:$\backslash ce\{R-SO3-\}\; \backslash \; +\; \backslash \; \backslash ce\{R\text{'}-OH\}\; \backslash quad\; \backslash xrightarrow[\backslash text\{\; SULT\; \}]\{\}\; \backslash quad\; \backslash ce\{R-H\}\; \backslash \; +\; \backslash \; \backslash ce\{R\text{'}-OSO3-\}$

whereas an amine leads to a sulfamate ({{chem2|R\sNH\sSO3-}}):

:$\backslash ce\{R-SO3-\}\; \backslash \; +\; \backslash \; \backslash ce\{R\text{'}-NH2\}\; \backslash quad\; \backslash xrightarrow[\backslash text\{\; SULT\; \}]\{\}\; \backslash quad\; \backslash ce\{R-H\}\; \backslash \; +\; \backslash \; \backslash ce\{R\text{'}-NHSO3-\}$

Both reactive groups for a sulfonation via sulfotransferases may be part of a protein, lipid, carbohydrate or steroid.{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rath VL, Verdugo D, Hemmerich S |title=Sulfotransferase structural biology and inhibitor discovery |journal=Drug Discov. Today |volume=9 |issue=23 |pages=1003–11 |year=2004 |pmid=15574316 |doi=10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03273-8}}

Image:FunktionelleGruppen Sulfonsäure.svg